scaling ixps scalable infrastructure workshop. objectives to explain scaling options within the ixp...
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Scaling IXPs
Scalable Infrastructure Workshop
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Objectives To explain scaling options within the IXP To introduce the Internet Routing Registry
at the IXP
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IXP Scaling Techniques Route Collector Route Server Internet Routing Registry
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Introduction to Route Collectors
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Route Collector Background What is a Route Collector? Features of a Route Collector Purpose of a Route Collector IXP Design with a Route Collector
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What is a Route Collector? Usually a router or Unix box running BGP Gathers routing information from service
provider routers at an IXP Does not forward packets
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Purpose of a Route Collector To provide a public view of the Routing
Information available at the IXP Useful existing members to check functionality
of BGP filters Useful for prospective members to check value
of joining the IXP Useful for the Internet Operations community
for troubleshooting purposes E.g. www.traceroute.org
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Route Collector at an IXP
IXP R3R2
R1
ROUTE Collector
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Route Collector Requirements Router or Unix system running BGP Peers eBGP with every IXP member
Accepts everything; Gives nothing Uses a private ASN Connects to IXP Transit LAN
“Back end” connection Second Ethernet globally routed Connection to IXP Website for public access
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Route Collector Implementation Most IXPs now implement some form of
Route Collector Benefits already mentioned Great public relations tool Unsophisticated requirements
Just runs BGP
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Introduction to Route Servers
Route Collector plus more
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Route Server Background What is a Route Server? Features of a Route Server Advantages of using a Route Server Exchange Point Design with a Route
Server
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What is a Route Server? All the features of a Route Collector But also:
Announces routes to participating IXP members according to their routing policy definitions
Implemented using the same specification as for a Route Collector
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Features of a Route Server Helps scale routing Simplifies Routing Processes on ISP
Routers Insertion of RS Autonomous System
Number in the Routing Path Uses Policy registered in IRR (optional)
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Diagram of N-squared Mesh
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With the Route Servers
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RS based Exchange Point Routing Flow
TRAFFIC FLOW ROUTING INFORMATION FLOW
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Advantages of Using a Route Server Helps scale Routing Separation of Routing and Forwarding Simplify Routing Configuration
Management on ISPs routers Can help prevent the spread of bogus
routing information!
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Disadvantages of Using a Route Server ISPs can lose direct policy control
Peer with all ISPs, want to or not Completely dependent on 3rd party for
configuration and troubleshooting Insertion of RS Autonomous System
Number in the Routing Path If router is used
IXPs tend to offer Route Servers as an optional extra
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Peering with the Route Servers Any ISP attached to an IXP can peer with
the Route Servers ISP must register their policy in the
Internet Routing Registry Most IXPs who provide the RS facility also
provide a local IRR for policy registration Must use BGP
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Things to think about... Would using a route server benefit you?
Can be helpful when BGP knowledge is limited Avoids having to maintain a large number of
eBGP peers But can you afford to lose policy control?
Maybe bilateral peering with some peers And Route Server for remaining peers ?
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Introduction to the IRR
The Internet Routing Registry
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What is the Routing Registry Contact names, email addresses and
telephone numbers for an AS Routing policy for an AS (what other ASes
does it connect to, which routes do they exchange)
Information about routes (most important is which AS originates the route)
Several other types of information
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What is the Routing Registry? Distributed database collectively known as
Internet Routing Registry (IRR) APNIC, RIPE, ARIN, RADB, etc http://www.irr.net/docs/list.html
Providers register routing policy Used for planning, debugging and
generating backbone router configs
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What is the Routing Registry? Can be used by anyone worldwide
debugging configuring engineering routing addressing
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What happens if I don’t use the IRR Routing Horror Stories
AS7007 announcing bogus routes
Inconsistent policy at network borders Peers and upstreams need physical notification
of policy changes Mistakes easily made
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So, I need to use the database because….. Filters generated off the IRR protect
against inaccurate routing information Makes troubleshooting and debugging
easier Keep track of policy Security Filter! Filter! Filter!!
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Why Bother using the IRR? View of global routing policy in a single
cooperatively maintained database To improve integrity of Internet’s routing Generate router configs
protect against inaccurate routing info distribution
verification of Internet routing
Several providers require that you register your policy (or they won’t peer with you)
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Describing Policy Use the policy languages to describe your
relationship with other Peers routes importing routes exporting specific policies
interfaces, MEDs, communities
register routes with origin AS
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Querying the Database whois -h whois.ripe.net AS702 whois -h whois.ripe.net AS1849-MAINT whois -h whois.ripe.net 158.43.0.0
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How to Register your IRR policy Register one or more maintainers Register AS and policy information Register Routes Describes your import and export policy
At the very least, provides contact information
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Router Configuration Currently configs by hand
Slow and inaccurate Configuring routers using the IRR
Tools are available!!! IRRToolSet maintained by ISC
route and Aspath filters. Import and export
Filtering is a good thing...
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Router Configuration
IRR
Configuration Machine
IRR Database
Server
Router
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How do I use the IRR to generate configurations Tools available to generate config files for
most BGP implementations
IRRToolSet http://www.isc.org/sw/IRRToolSet/ Started off as RAToolSet as a project of ISI Moved to RIPE NCC custodianship and became
IRRToolSet Enhanced to support RPSL (RFC2622)
Now maintained by ISC
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How do I participate? Set up your own registry
Private for your ISP? Community for the region? Download the software (from ISC)
Use one of the many public IRR systems
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Things to think about... How would you register your policy?
Try to describe it in an aut-num object
How would registering your policy benefit you? The community?