scaling up agricultural technologies
DESCRIPTION
"Scaling up Agricultural Technologies" by Johannes F. Linn, Emerging Markets Forum and Brookings. Presented at Food Security in a World of Growing Natural Resource Scarcity event hosted by IFPRI on February 12, 2014.TRANSCRIPT
Scaling up Agricultural
TechnologiesJohannes F. Linn
Emerging Markets Forum and Brookings
Presentation at IFPRI Agricultural Technology Summit
Food Security in a World of Changing Climate and Natural Resource Scarcity: The Role of
Agricultural TechnologiesNewseum, Washington, DC, February 12,
2014
Agricultural technologies:The scaling up imperative
Many agricultural technologies for improved productivity are well known, but not widely applied by (poor) farmers in the developing world.
The new IFPRI study: promotes increased use by establishing which
technology is potentially appropriate where. The next step:
find ways to ensure that appropriate technologies are widely adopted for scaled up impact (higher productivity, poverty reduction, improved nutrition, etc.).
IFAD and USAID are actively pursuing this scaling up agenda; IFPRI published a set of policy briefs
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[email protected] 3 2/12/14
New idea, model, approach
Pilot, Project
M&E,Learning
& KM
Internalknowledge
Outsideknowledge
LimitedImpact
Scale up
MultipleImpact
The basics: innovation, learning
and scaling up as an iterative process
What is a systematic approach
to scaling up?
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Innovation
Vision of Scaled
Up Impact
Drivers (champions, incentives, market or community demand, etc.)
Monitor and Evaluate
Spaces (enabling factors)
Fiscal and FinancialInstitutionalPoliciesPolitcalEnvironmentPartnershipEtc
Why a systematic focus on scaling up is essential
Scaling up pathway
Traditional project pathway
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Lessons from IFPRI policy briefs
18 policy briefs on experience of various institutions/technologies, issues, including: Aga Khan Foundation, Alive and Thrive, B&M
Gates Foundation, IFAD, Oxfam, Pepsico, SEWA, World Bank
regreening, rice intensification, biofortification, value chains, area-based development, community driven development, nutritional programs
institutional development; fragile states
* J. Linn, ed. 2012 Scaling Up in Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. 2020 Focus Briefs, No. 19. International Food Policy and Research Institute. Washington, DC
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Lessons #1
Actors: multiplicity at multiple levels; requires multi-stakeholder alliances
Dimensions: horizontal and vertical scaling up usually go hand in hand
Pathways: no unique process, but Successful scaling up takes time, even decades;
requires long-term engagement with a vision of scale
Systematic planning, management, learning, ready to take opportunities
Consider drivers and constraints or enabling factors (spaces)
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Lessons #2
Drivers:The agricultural technology (idea,
model, innovation)Champions (individuals, groups)Demand (market, communities)Incentives (profit, property rights,
competitions, institutional accountability)
External assistance
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Lessons #3
Spaces/enabling conditions: Institutional: effective institutions found or
created, incl. intermediary institution (extension service, etc.); needs to be considered from the start; coordination to be sought; rivalries to be avoided/managed
Policies, laws and regulations: these need to be supportive, incl. property rights, business environment, trade policies, micro finance laws and regulations
Fiscal and financial: fiscal/financial viability at larger scale and beyond donor support; may require cost reductions, cost recovery, or budget commitments 2/12/14
Lessons #4
Spaces (continued): Political: consider winners v. losers; ensure
authorizing environment exists; political opposition managed; program protected from electoral cycles; public outreach
Environmental: critical for many ag. projects (land, water, etc.)
Cultural/social: local cultures often opportunity/constraint; varies across communities/regions/countries; role of women critical opportunity or constraint
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Lessons #5
Spaces (ctd):Partnership: look for national and
international partners from the beginning; readiness to hand over (more) responsibility to national partners
Learning: M&E for internal and external knowledge; adapt M&E to scaling up agenda (not only impact, but also drivers, spaces, etc.) 2/12/14
Institutional lessons from IFAD
There are examples of effective IFAD support for successful scaling up; but systematic institutional approach needed.
Key step: Recognize that scaling up is “mission critical”. Scaling up has to be embedded in all institutional
processes: corporate strategy, policies and results framework, operational instruments, country program and project
design and monitoring, resource allocation, budgets and staff incentives.
Institutional change requires time, persistence and strong managerial commitment along with stakeholder engagement, keeping messages clear and bureaucratic requirements simple.
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The way forward
More systematic focus on scaling up in more institutions internationally and nationally, public and private (AfDB, IFAD, UNDP, World Bank; AusAID/DFAT, GIZ, JICA, USAID; Brookings, IFPRI; MSI; Heifer International, etc. already engaged)
Incorporate scaling up agenda into research agenda of CGIAR agencies, IFPRI, and others (explore scaling up pathways by crop, technology, value chain, etc.)
Develop learning networks and advisory capabilities
Incorporate into high-level dialogue on Post-2015 Agenda, etc.
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Selected ReferencesL. Chandy, A. Hosono, H. Kharas & J. Linn, eds. 2013. Getting to scale.
Brookings, Washington, DCA. Hartmann and J. Linn. 2008. “Scaling Up: A Framework and Lessons for
Development Effectiveness from Literature and Practice.” Wolfensohn Center Working Paper No. 5. Brookings. Washington, DC
J. Linn, A. Hartmann, H. Kharas, R. Kohl, and B. Massler. 2010. “Scaling Up the Fight Against Rural Poverty: An Institutional Review of IFAD’s Approach”, Global Working Paper No. 39 , Brookings. Washington, DC
J. Linn. 2011.“Scaling Up with Aid: The Institutional Dimension.” in H. Kharas, K. Makino and W. Jung, eds., Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid. Washington: Brookings Institution Press
J. Linn, ed. 2012 Scaling Up in Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. 2020 Focus Briefs, No. 19. International Food Policy and Research Institute. Washington, DC
L. Cooley and R. Ved, 2012. “Scaling Up—From Vision to Large Scale Change: A Management Framework for Practitioners, Second Edition.” MSI. Washington, DC
A. Hartmann, H. Kharas, R. Kohl, J. Linn, B. Massler and C. Sourang. 2013. “Scaling Up Programs for the Rural Poor: IFAD’s Experience, Lessons and Prospects (Phase 2).” Global Economy& Development Working Paper 54. Brookings 14 2/12/14
