scaling up strategy for wash in schools in zambia ministry of education, science, vocational...
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Scaling Up Strategy for WASH in Schools in Zambia
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EARLY EDUCATION
• Pop: Approx 15 mio• Pop. dens 21/sq km• Approx 9000
schools, of which 1/3 community schools
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED• In 2012 > 80% of Schools did not have adequate sanitation
facilities (Bottleneck analysis/ proposal for interim package)
• 58.5% Government school coverage with permanent toilets (MESVTEE 2013) - BUT
• most often high pupil:toilet ratios
• community schools not counted
• 35% of facilities non-functional (Sustainability checks, UNICEF, 2012)
• Generally: lack of Handwashing facilities at schools & Handwashing as practice poorly adopted
• Lack of comprehensive WASH in Schools Standards & Guidelines (including hardware AND software)
• Limited consultation & coordination with MESVTEE• Poor monitoring & reporting on key WASH indicators
Impact of Sanitation on Girls’ enrollment, repetition, dropout
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 GRADE 4 GRADE 5 GRADE 6 GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10 GRADE 11 GRADE 12
Enro
lled
Girls
/ En
rolle
d Bo
ys
Female/Male Enrollment Ratios per Grade and Access to Sanitation in Schools in Zambia
NO TOILETS
TOILETS
<20 STUDENTS/ TOILET
> 100 STUDENTS/ TOILET
enrollment
Impact of Sanitation on Girls’ enrollment, repetition, dropout
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 GRADE 4 GRADE 5 GRADE 6 GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10 GRADE 11 GRADE 12
Girls
Rep
eatin
g/ E
nrol
led
Girls
Female Repetition Rates per Grade and Sanitation in Schools in Zambia
NO Toilets
Report Toilets
<20 Students/Toilet
>100Students/Toilet
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Rural Areas Urban Areas Zambia
REPE
ATER
GIR
LS/ E
NROL
LED
GIRL
S
Female Repetition Rates and Access to Sanitation in Schools
NO Toilet Schools
> 100Students/ToiletSchools ReportToilets<20Students/Toilet
repetition
Impact of Sanitation on Girls’ enrollment, repetition, dropout
• Resources for coverage linked to high cost/school
KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Num
ber
of G
irls
Dro
ping
/ G
irls
Enr
olle
d
Female Dropout Rates and Access to Sanitation in Schools in Zambia
NO toilets
Report toilets
<20 sutdents/toilet
>100sutdents/toilet
dropout
• UNICEF/DFID – CLTS-SLTS in 35+ districts in all provinces
• UNICEF/Netherlands – School WASH & Water supplyin 20+ districts
• SPLASH/USAID – school WASH (has come to end)
in Eastern Province 5 districts
• African Development Bank – CLTS-SLTSin Western Province (kicking off now)
• Wins4Girls/Government of Canada – MHM guidelines/toolkit
• Number of other partners / NGOs
MAIN WASH IN SCHOOLS PROGRAMMES - RURAL
• National Technical Committee (NTC) on WASH in Schools hosted by MESVTEE – June 2014
• Important role in harmonization of interventions & Coordination
• SLTS guidelines/manual development• Advocacy• Improvement of WASH monitoring (e.g. inclusion of key
WASH indicators in EMIS)
• Key WASH indicators in EMIS;Hardware: including functionality - Handwashing - Waste disposal - Menstrual Hygiene Management (privacy, sanitary education and pads…) - Operation and Maintenance and WASH committee
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS - UPSTREAM
• National WASH standards / SLTS guidelines & Training Manual (2014)
• Including 3 star certification • Current distribution ongoing (2000 copies; incl flash cards,
handwashing catalogue)• Used for training of 40 districts.
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS - UPSTREAM
• Menstrual Hygiene Management• MHM Thematic Working Group under National Technical
Committee created in 2012• MHM pilot study with WaterAid/UNICEF concluded in 2013.• Under Splash, MHM toolkit developed
• Since Oct 2014: Wins4Girls MHM Formative Qualitative Research in 2 districts.Collaboration with GRZ/Emory University/UNZA/CIDRZ
Outputs expected end 2015> produce National Guidelines > produce toolkit/minimum package for scaling up
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS - UPSTREAM
Adoption of Interim Comprehensive WASH Package • in 2013 - as response to provide solution for scaling up
sanitation status in rural Government schools• Cost of design approx. USD1000/drophole
= divided by approx. 2.5• toilet:pupils ratio brought down to 1:50 -> For same cost, possible to target 4x more schools
+• HARDWARE-SOFTWARE integration
In line with SLTS Guidelines (hygiene practices / outreach)• Mass hand washing station• MHM + Girls privacy + washing facility
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
Interim Design
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
•Low cost design for community schools since 2015• provide sanitation solution for needy schools: < USD 500• affordable on proper funding • Integrated with sanitation marketing –> local masons
+ MHM + mass handwashing station …
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
Original latrine design USD2500/ drophole pupil:toilet 30:1
2014 Low cost design < USD500/drophole pupil:toilet
ratio 50:1 Community SchoolsX4 X2
Schools reached with same budget
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS – UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
• Further scaling up needed!!- sanitation and Grouped Handwashing (Planned implementation in school feeding prgrm)
• Long term adoption of WASH package - discussion ongoing
• Mobile 2 Web monitoring of WASH in Schools indicators (will start in 17 districts)
• MHM: additional qualitative research needed specifically on reusable sanitary pads
• MHM toolkit / guidelines rollout in Zambian schools following the development of MHM toolkit/guidelines
• Quantitative Impact study of WASH package on Girls learning (attendance-enrolment-…) – PUT research in action
WAY FORWARD
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION