scattering polarimetry - esa · 2013-08-01 · fsa convention bsa convention. back scattering...
TRANSCRIPT
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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SCATTERINGPOLARIMETRYSCATTERINGSCATTERING
POLARIMETRYPOLARIMETRY
0
$x
$y( )rE z t,
$z
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WAVE POLARIMETRYWAVE POLARIMETRY
TRANSMITTER: XRECEIVERS: X & Y
X
X
AX
=
YX
XXS S
SE
YXS
XXS
YXS
XXS
YXS
XXS
YXS
XXS
X X X X
JONES VECTORS
WAVE POLARIMETRY
RX
TAY
RY
T
RX
RY
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SCATTERING POLARIMETRYSCATTERING POLARIMETRY
X
Y
AX
[ ]
=
YY
XY
YX
XX
SS
SS
S
YXS
XXS
YYS
XYS
YXS
XXS
YYS
XYS
X Y X Y
SINCLAIR MATRICES
SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
RX
TAY
RY
T
RX
RY
TRANSMITTER: X & YRECEIVERS: X & Y
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
Far Field Approximation
|'r||r| rr >>
λ>>|r| rand
( )rjki0
i ieE)r(Errr
=Incident Wave
Scattered Wave
( ) [ ] [ ]([ ]) ( ) 'dSe)'r(Hn)'r|r(G...
...)'r(EnkkkIer4
kj)r(E
rjkS
sssrjkss
s
s
′×+
××−= ∫rrrrr
rrrrr
π
Electromagnetic Theory - Integral Representation
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
Far Field Approximation
|'r||r| rr >>
λ>>|r| rand
( )rjki0
i ieE)r(Errr
=Incident Wave
Scattered Wave
=
⊥
⊥
⊥⊥⊥⊥
)r(E)r(E
)r(S)r(S)r(S)r(S
re
)r(E)r(E
i
ijkr
s
s
r
r
rr
rr
r
r
////////
//
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2x2 Complex Scattering MatrixElectromagnetic Theory - Matrix Representation
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
Incidence Plane
rE k tI
I($ , )
$k I
θ I
$n
$uIθ
$uIφ
$urI
$uI⊥
$||uI
$p
$zS
$yS
$xS
$urI
$q
′θ I
′ = ′φ φI R
0S
Infinite Plane Surface
φ I
Oriented Transmission AntennaCoordinates System
Incident Wave
= i
ii
EE
Eφ
θ
= ⊥
i
ii
EE
E//// ( )[ ]
=
⊥
⊥⊥⊥⊥
//////
//// SS
SSS ,
Oriented Incidence WaveCoordinates System
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
rE k tI
I($ , )
$k I
θ I
$n
$uIθ
$uIφ
$urI
$uI⊥
$||uI
$p
$zS
$yS
$xS
$urI
$q
′θ I
′ = ′φ φI R
0S
φ I
′ = ′θ θR I
$uR⊥
$urR
$||uR
$kR
rE k tR
R($ , )
Reflexion Plane
Incident Wave
= i
ii
EE
Eφ
θ
= ⊥
i
ii
EE
E////
Incidence Plane
Infinite Plane Surface
Oriented Transmission AntennaCoordinates System
= ⊥
s
ss
EE
E////
Oriented Reflected WaveCoordinates System
Oriented Incidence WaveCoordinates System
( )[ ]
=
⊥
⊥⊥⊥⊥
//////
//// SS
SSS ,
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
SCATTERING COORDINATE FRAMEWORK
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
BISTATIC SCATTERING CASE
INCIDENCE PLANE
si θθ
iu //
su//iu⊥ ii p,k s
u⊥
ss p,k
INCIDENCE PLANE
si θθ
iu //
su//iu⊥ ii p,k s
u⊥
sp
sk
BSA CONVENTIONFSA CONVENTION
Back Scattering Alignment Conventionor Antenna Oriented Coordinate System
Forward Scattering Alignment Conventionor Wave Oriented Coordinate System
ii pk = ss pk = ii pk = ss pˆ −=kandand
jpwhere
( )[ ]FSA,S //⊥
is the direction of wave propagation
( )[ ]BSA,S //⊥
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SCATTERING PROBLEMSCATTERING PROBLEM
INCIDENCE PLANE
sp
iu //
iu⊥ ii p,k
su//s
u⊥
sk
su//s
u⊥
ss p,kForward Scattering Alignment Convention
or Wave Oriented Coordinate System
isis kkandpp −=−=
Back Scattering Alignment Conventionor Antenna Oriented Coordinate System
isis kkandpp =−= FSA
BSA
BACKSCATTERING CASE
−=
⊥
⊥⊥⊥
⊥
⊥⊥⊥FSAFSA
FSAFSA
BSABSA
BSABSA
SSSS
1001
SSSS
//////
//
//////
//
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
X
YTHE DIFFERENT
TARGET POLARIMETRICDESCRIPTORS
[S] SINCLAIR Matrixk, Ω Target Vectors[K] KENNAUGH Matrix[T] Coherency Matrix[C] Covariance MatrixTRANSMITTER: X & Y
RECEIVERS: X & Y
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SCATTERING MATRIXSCATTERING MATRIX
BISTATIC CASE
SCATTERING MATRIX or JONES MATRIX
=
iY
iX
YYYX
XYXXjkr
sY
sX
EE
SSSS
re
EE
DEFINED IN THE LOCAL COORDINATES SYSTEM
[S] IS INDEPENDENT OF THE POLARISATION STATE OF THE INCIDENCE WAVE
[S] IS DEPENDENT ON THE FREQUENCY AND THE GEOMETRICAL ANDELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SCATTERER
TOTAL SCATTERED POWER
[ ]( ) [ ][ ]( ) 2YY
2YX
2XY
2XX
*T |S||S||S||S|SSTraceSSpan +++==
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SCATTERING MATRIXSCATTERING MATRIX
[ ]
=
=
YYYX
XYXX
jφYY
jφYX
jφXY
jφXX
jkr
YYYX
XYXXjkr
eSeSeSeS
re
SSSS
reS
[ ]( )
( ) ( )
= −−
−
XXYYXXYX
XXXYXX
φφjYY
φφjYX
φφjXYXX
jjkr
eSeSeSS
reeS
φ
ABSOLUTE SCATTERING MATRIX
RELATIVE SCATTERING MATRIXSeven Parameters: 4 Amplitudes and 3 Phases
Absolute PhaseFactor
SCATTERER POLARIMETRIC DIMENSION = 7
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BACKSCATTERING MATRIXBACKSCATTERING MATRIX
MONOSTATIC CASE
BACKSCATTERING MATRIX or SINCLAIR MATRIX
In the case of Backscattering from Reciprocal Scatterers:
FSAYX
FSAXY
BSAYX
BSAXY SSSS −=⇔=RECIPROCITY THEOREM
=
iY
iX
YYXY
XYXXjkr
sY
sX
EE
SSSS
re
EE
(BSA CONVENTION)
TOTAL SCATTERED POWER
[ ]( ) [ ][ ]( ) 2YY
2XY
2XX
*T |S||S|2|S|SSTraceSSpan ++==
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BACKSCATTERING MATRIXBACKSCATTERING MATRIX
[ ]
=
=
YYXY
XYXX
jφYY
jφXY
jφXY
jφXX
jkr
YYXY
XYXXjkr
eSeSeSeS
re
SSSS
reS
[ ]( )
( ) ( )
= −−
−
XXYYXXXY
XXXYXX
φφjYY
φφjXY
φφjXYXX
jjkr
eSeSeSS
reeS
φ
ABSOLUTE BACKSCATTERING MATRIX
RELATIVE BACKSCATTERING MATRIXFive Parameters: 3 Amplitudes and 2 Phases
Absolute PhaseFactor
SCATTERER POLARIMETRIC DIMENSION = 5
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION EXPRESSED INTHE ORIENTED ANTENNA COORDINATES SYSTEM
( ) ( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
B,BB,BA,Ai
A,A EUE⊥⊥⊥⊥
= aEMISSION:
SU(2) SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICALBASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX
IN THE BSA CONVENTION PROPAGATES IN THE:( )s
A,AE is pp −=RECEPTION:⊥
Time reversal = Complex conjugation
PROPAGATES IN THE:( )( )*sA,AE
⊥is pp =
( )( ) ( ) ( )[ ] ( )( )*sB,BB,BA,A
*sA,A EUE
⊥⊥⊥⊥= a
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
( )
( ) ( )[ ] ( )
( )
( )[ ] ( )
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )
( ) ( )[ ]( ) ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
B,BB,BA,AA,A
1*B,BA,A
iB,BB,BA,AA,A
iA,AA,A
sB,B
sB,B
*B,BA,A
sA,A
EUSU
EUS
ES
E
EU
E
⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥
⊥⊥⊥⊥
⊥⊥
⊥
⊥⊥⊥
⊥
−=
=
=
aa
aa
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ]⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥
= B,BA,AA,AT
B,BA,AB,B USUS aa
CON-SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
SU(2) SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICALBASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX ( ) ( )[ ]
⊥⊥ B,BA,AU a
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONSPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) GROUP
( ) ( )[ ] ( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−=
−
⊥⊥ α
α
ττττ
φφφφ
j
j
B,BA,A e00e
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
U a
( )[ ]φ2U ( )[ ]τ2U ( )[ ]α2U
( ) ( )[ ]
−
+=
−
⊥⊥ ξ
ξ
ρρ
ρ j
j
B
*B
2B
B,BA,A e00e
11
1
1U a
( )[ ]ρ2U ( )[ ]ξ2U
With: ( ) ( )( ) ατφξ −= − tantantan 1
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
FROBENIUS NORM OF
( )[ ]( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ]( ) 2AA
2AA
2AA
*TA,AA,AA,A |S||S|2|S|SSTraceSSpan
⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥++==
( )[ ]⊥A,AS
FROBENIUS NORM OF
( )[ ]( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ]( ) 2BB
2BB
2BB
*TB,BB,BB,B |S||S|2|S|SSTraceSSpan
⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥++==
( )[ ]⊥B,BS
[ ][ ] [ ] [ ]( ) 1UdetIUU 2D*T +==SPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) GROUP
( )[ ]( ) ( )[ ]( )⊥⊥
= B,BA,A SSpanSSpanFROBENIUS NORM OF A SCATTERING MATRIX
IS INVARIANT UNDER BASIS ELLIPTICAL TRANSFORMATION
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
(H,V) POLARISATION BASIS
|HH+VV| |HV | |HH-VV|
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
(+45°,-45°) POLARISATION BASIS
|AA+BB| |AB | |AA-BB|
With: A=Linear +45°, B=Linear –45°
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
(LC,RC) POLARISATION BASIS
|LL+RR| |LR | |LL-RR|
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
(H,V) POLARISATION BASIS
|HH+VV| |HV | |HH-VV|
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
(+45°,-45°) POLARISATION BASIS
|AA+BB| |AB | |AA-BB|With: A=Linear +45°, B=Linear –45°
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
(LC,RC) POLARISATION BASIS
|LL+RR| |LR | |LL-RR|
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
E
BA
TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
RECEIVED POWER
[ ] 2TBA ASBP α=
CO-POLARIZEDPOWER
CROSS-POLARIZEDPOWER
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
+=
−
ρρ
ξ 1
1eA
2
j
−
+=
+
⊥11
eA*
2
j ρ
ρ
ξ
CROSS-POLARIZED POWER :
[ ] 2TAAX ASAPP ⊥== ⊥ α
CO-POLARIZED POWER :
[ ] 2TAACO ASAPP α==
2YY
2XYXXCO SS2SP ρρα ++= ( ) 2
YYXY2
XX*
X SS1SP ρρρα +−−=
0P0P XCO =∂
∂=
∂∂
ρρ
MAXIMISATION / MINIMISATION
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
B = A
EA
RECEIVERTRANSMITTER
CO-POLARIZED POWER : [ ] 2TAACO ASAPP α==
MAXIMISATION :MaximumLocalP
MaximumGlobalPL
L
KK
=
= (K , L) COPOL MAX
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
B = A
EA
RECEIVERTRANSMITTER
CO-POLARIZED POWER : [ ] 2TAACO ASAPP α==
0PP 2
2
1
1
OO
OO == (O1 , O2)
COPOL NULLSMINIMISATION :
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
EA
B = A⊥
RECEIVERTRANSMITTER
CROSS-POLARIZED POWER : [ ] 2TAAX ASAPP ⊥== ⊥ α
MaximumLocalP
MaximumGlobalP2
2
1
1
CC
CC
=
=⊥
⊥
MAXIMISATION : (C1 , C2)XPOL MAX
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
EA
B = A⊥
RECEIVERTRANSMITTER
CROSS-POLARIZED POWER : [ ] 2TAAX ASAPP ⊥== ⊥ α
(D1 , D2)XPOL SADDLEMINIMISATION :
MinimumLocalP
MinimumGlobalP2
2
1
1
DD
DD
=
=⊥
⊥
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
EA
B = A⊥
RECEIVERTRANSMITTER
CROSS-POLARIZED POWER : [ ] 2TAAX ASAPP ⊥== ⊥ α
(X1 , X2)XPOL NULLS
NULL :(UNDER CONDITION) 0P
0P2
2
1
1
XX
XX
=
=⊥
⊥
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
K
L
C 2
X 1
O 2
X 2
C 1
D 1 D 2
O 1
Q
U
V
C1 C2XPOLL MAX
O1 O2COPOLL NULLS D1 D2
XPOLL SADDLE
K LCOPOLL MAX
X1 X2XPOLL NULLS
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
EXAMPLE: [S] DIAGONALISATION
CROSS POL POWER MINIMISATION
[ ]( )
( )[ ]( )S
S SS S
SS
SH VHH HV
HV VV
A B
A BAA
BB,
, ?
,=
=
⇒
00
PSEUDO EIGENVECTORS[ ]( )S X XH V,
*= λ
PSEUDO EIGENVECTORS = XPOLL NULLS (X1, X2)
[U] = [X1 X2] BASIS CHANGEMENT UNITARY MATRIX
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
GRAVES MATRIX
[ ] [ ] [ ]
++
++== 2
YY2
XYXY*YYXX
*XY
YY*XYXY
*XX
2XY
2XX*
SSSSSSSSSSSS
SSG
HERMITIAN MATRIX
[ ] [ ] [ ]2
Gdet4GtraceGtrace 2
2,1−±
=λ
EIGENVALUES
−
−+
=12
112,12
12
112,1
j
2,1
GG
1
GG
1
eX λλ
αEIGENVECTORS
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CHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATESCHARACTERISTIC POLAR. STATES
[ ] [ ]21 XXU =BASIS CHANGEMENT UNITARY MATRIX
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]UGUG 1D
−=DIAGONALISED GRAVES MATRIX
[ ] [ ] [ ]SSG *= [ ] [ ] [ ]D*
DD SSG =
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]USUS TD =
[ ]( )
( ) ( )
=
=
−−
+
χν
χν
γ 2j2
2j
2
1D etan0
0ems00s
S
DIAGONALISED SINCLAIR MATRIX
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EULER PARAMETERSEULER PARAMETERS
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−=
−
ν
ν
ττττ
φφφφ
j
j
1e00e
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
X $ux
[ ]( )ξ
γj
2X,X etan0
01mS
21
=
DIAGONALISED SINCLAIR MATRIX[ ]( ) [ ] [ ]( )[ ]USUS Y,X
TX,X 21
=
m, φ, τ, ν, γ : 5 EULER PARAMETERS
(ξ ABSOLUTE PHASE)
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EULER PARAMETERSEULER PARAMETERS
m : MAXIMAL TARGET R.C.S
φ : TARGET ORIENTATION
τ : TARGET SYMMETRY
ν : TARGET SKIP ANGLE
γ : TARGET POLARISABILITY ANGLE
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HUYNEN POLARISATION FORKHUYNEN POLARISATION FORK
2 ν
0
$z
$x
2γ
2φ
X1
X2
O1
O2$y
2τ
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POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURESPOLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES
CONVENIENT GRAPHICAL WAY TO DISPLAY THE RECIVED POWERAS A FUNCTION OF POLARIZATION
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) xu
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
A
−=
ττττ
φφφφ
CROSS-POLARIZED POWER :
[ ] 2AA
2TX SASAP
⊥== ⊥α
CO-POLARIZED POWER :
[ ] 2AA
2TCO SASAP ==
CO-POLARIZEDCORRELATION PHASE:
⊥⊥−= AAAACO SargSargΨ
CROSS-POLARIZEDCORRELATION PHASE :
⊥−= AAAAX SargSargΨ
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POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURESPOLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES
CO-POLARIZED POWER : CROSS-POLARIZED POWER :
CROSS-POLARIZEDCORRELATION PHASE :
CO-POLARIZEDCORRELATION PHASE:
Courtesy of Pr WM Boerner
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POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURESPOLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES
[ ]
=1001
cS
ˆ v t
ˆ h t
TRIHEDRAL CORNER REFLECTOR
DIHEDRAL CORNER REFLECTORˆ v t
ˆ h t
[ ]
−
=1001
cS
Courtesy of Pr WM Boerner
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POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURESPOLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES
[ ]
−
−=
1111
cS
ˆ v t
ˆ h tl
ˆ v t
ˆ h t
[ ]
=1000
cS
SHORT THIN CYLINDER
ORIENTED SHORT THIN CYLINDER
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POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURESPOLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES
[ ]
−
=1ii1
21S
ˆ v t
ˆ h t
LEFT-HANDED HELIX
RIGHT-HANDED HELIX
[ ]
−−−
=1jj1
21S
ˆ v t
ˆ h t
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
X
YTHE DIFFERENT
TARGET POLARIMETRICDESCRIPTORS
[S] SINCLAIR Matrixk, Ω Target Vectors[K] KENNAUGH Matrix[T] Coherency Matrix[C] Covariance MatrixTRANSMITTER: X & Y
RECEIVERS: X & Y
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TARGET VECTORSTARGET VECTORS
VECTORIAL FORMULATION OF THE SCATTERING PROBLEM
[ ]
=
YYYX
XYXX
SSSS
SSCATTERING MATRIX
MATRIX VECTORISATION OPERATOR
SET OF ORTHOGONAL 2x2 MATRICES
[ ]( ) [ ][ ]( ) 4C
4S3S2S1S
STrace21SV:S ∈
=== Ψr
[ ]( )[ ]Ψ
SV
SCATTERING VECTOR
With:
[ ]( ) 2YY
2XY
2YX
2XX
24
23
22
21
*T2
|S||S||S||S|SSpan|S||S||S||S|SS||S||
+++==+++=⋅=
rrrFROBENIOUS NORM OF :S
r
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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TARGET VECTORSTARGET VECTORS
[ ]( ) [ ][ ]( )PSTrace21SVk ψ==PAULI SCATTERING VECTOR
SET OF 2x2 COMPLEX MATRICES FROM THE PAULI MATRICES GROUP
[ ]
−
−
=0j
j02,
0110
2,10
012,
1001
2Pψ
( )[ ]TYXXYYXXYYYXXYYXX SSjSSSSSS
21k −+−+=
Advantage: Closer related to physical properties of the scatterer
Note: Also known as k4P
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TARGET VECTORSTARGET VECTORS
[ ]( ) [ ][ ]( )LSTrace21SV ψΩ ==LEXICOGRAPHIC SCATTERING VECTOR
SET OF 2x2 COMPLEX MATRICES FROM THE LEXICOGRAPHIC MATRICES GROUP
[ ]
=1000
2,0100
2,0010
2,0001
2Lψ
[ ]TYYYXXYXX SSSS=Ω
Advantage: Directly related to the system measurables
Note: Also known as k4L
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TARGET VECTORSTARGET VECTORS
SCATTERING VECTOR TRANSFORMATIONS
Pauli Scattering Vector: Lexicographic Scattering Vector:
[ ]
−
−=
0jj001101001
1001
21D4
[ ] [ ] [ ] kDkDandDk *T4
144 === −ΩΩ
UNITARY TRANSFORMATION
( )
−+−+
=
YXXY
YXXY
YYXX
YYXX
SSjSSSSSS
21k
=
YY
YX
XY
XX
SSSS
Ω
WHERE [D4] IS A SU(4) MATRIXIN ORDER TO PRESERVE THE NORM
OF THE SCATTERING VECTOR
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TARGET VECTORSTARGET VECTORS
MONOSTATIC CASE
Pauli Scattering Vector:
−+
=
XY
YYXX
YYXX
S2SSSS
21k
( )
−+−+
=
YXXY
YXXY
YYXX
YYXX
SSjSSSSSS
21k
Note: Also known as k3P
Lexicographic Scattering Vector:
=
YY
YX
XY
XX
SSSS
Ω
=
YY
XY
XX
SS2
SΩ
Note: Also known as k3L
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TARGET VECTORSTARGET VECTORS
SCATTERING VECTOR TRANSFORMATIONS
Pauli Scattering Vector: Lexicographic Scattering Vector:
−+
=
XY
YYXX
YYXX
S2SSSS
21k
=
YY
XY
XX
SS2
SΩ
[ ] [ ] [ ] kDkDandDk T3
133 === −ΩΩ
UNITARY TRANSFORMATION
[ ]
−=020101
101
21D3
WHERE [D3] IS A SU(3) MATRIXIN ORDER TO PRESERVE THE NORM
OF THE SCATTERING VECTOR
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
THE DIFFERENT TARGET POLARIMETRIC
DESCRIPTORS
[S] SINCLAIR Matrixk, W Target Vectors[K] KENNAUGH Matrix[T] Coherency Matrix[C] Covariance Matrix
STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION
PARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
X
Y
TRANSMITTER: X & YRECEIVERS: X & Y
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PARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRYPARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
0
$x$y
$z 0
$x$y
$z
DETERMINISTIC SCATTERERS PARTIAL SCATTERERS
DETERMINISTIC SCATTERING RANDOM SCATTERING(Variation in Time / Space)
COMPLETELY POLARISED SCATTERING PARTIALLY POLARISED SCATTERING
COMPLETELY DESCRIBED BY [S] CAN NOT BE DESCRIBED BY [S]STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION
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MUELLER MATRIXMUELLER MATRIX
[ ] is ESE =BISTATIC CASE JONES MATRIX :
[ ]is EE gMg =
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
⊗= V*SSV
21M T [ ]
−+−
=
0011j100j100
0011
V
MUELLER MATRIX :
[ ]
−+−−−−+−−−−++−+−+++++
=
ABAJDMGLFJDABAKENHMGKEABAICLFNHICABA
M
00
0
0
00
HUYNEN PARAMETERS
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KENNAUGH MATRIXKENNAUGH MATRIX
[ ] is ES=MONOSTATIC CASE ESINCLAIR MATRIX :
[ ]is EE gKg =
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
⊗= V*SSV
21K T [ ]
−+−
=
0011j100j100
0011
V
KENNAUGH MATRIX :
[ ]
+−−
++
=
00
0
0
00
BADGFDBAEHGEBACFHCBA
K
HUYNEN PARAMETERS
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HUYNEN PARAMETERSHUYNEN PARAMETERS
PHYSICAL INTERPRETATIONMAN-MADE TARGET DECOMPOSITION
IDENTIFICATION and ANALYSIS
« PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF RADAR TARGETS » (1970)
A0 : GENERATOR OF TARGET SYMMETRY
B0+B : GENERATOR OF TARGET NON-SYMMETRY
B0-B : GENERATOR OF TARGET IRREGULARITY
C : GENERATOR OF TARGET GLOBAL SHAPE (LINEAR)
D : GENERATOR OF TARGET LOCAL SHAPE (CURVATURE)
E : GENERATOR OF TARGET LOCAL TWIST (TORSION)
F : GENERATOR OF TARGET GLOBAL TWIST (HELICITY)
G : GENERATOR OF TARGET LOCAL COUPLING (GLUE)
H : GENERATOR OF TARGET GLOBAL COUPLING (ORIENTATION)
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STOKES VECTORSTOKES VECTOR
JONES VECTOR
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) xj
j
ue00e
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
AE
−=
−
α
α
ττττ
φφφφ
[U2(φ)] [U2(τ)] [U2(α)]
HOMOMORPHISM SU(2) - O(3)
(σp, σq) : Pauli Matrices
( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( )[ ]( )q2p*T
2q,p3 UUTr212O σθσθθ =
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
xu
2cos2sin00
2sin2cos0000100001
2cos02sin00100
2sin02cos00001
000002cos2sin0
02sin2cos00001
2E gAg
= −
−−
αα
ααττ
ττ
φφ
φφ
STOKES VECTOR
[O4(2φ)] [O4(2τ)] [O4(2α)]
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
A,AA,As
A,A ESE⊥⊥⊥
=
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ]⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥
= B,BA,AA,AT
B,BA,AB,B USUS aa
CON-SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
B,BB,Bs
B,B ESE⊥⊥⊥
=SINCLAIR MATRIX
( ) ( )[ ]( )i
A,As
A,A EA,AE gKg⊥⊥⊥
=
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] 1B,BA,A4A,AB,BA,A4B,B OKOK −
⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥= aa
SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
( ) ( )[ ]( )i
B,Bs
B,B EB,BE gKg⊥⊥⊥
=KENNAUGH MATRIX
O(4) SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICALBASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX ( ) ( )[ ]
⊥⊥ B,BA,A4O a
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONSPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) GROUP
[ ] ( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−=
−
α
α
ττττ
φφφφ
j
j
e00e
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
U
( )[ ]φ2U ( )[ ]τ2U ( )[ ]α2U
HOMOMORPHISM SU(2) - O(3)
(σp, σq) : Pauli Matrices
( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( )[ ]( )q2p*T
2q,p3 UUTr212O σθσθθ =
O(4) UNITARY GROUP
[O4(2φ)] [O4(2τ)] [O4(2α)]
[ ] ( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
= −
−−
αα
ααττ
ττ
φφ
φφ
2cos2sin00
2sin2cos0000100001
2cos02sin00100
2sin02cos00001
000002cos2sin0
02sin2cos00001
4O
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
THE DIFFERENT TARGET POLARIMETRIC
DESCRIPTORS
[S] SINCLAIR Matrixk, Ω Target Vectors[K] KENNAUGH Matrix[T] Coherency Matrix[C] Covariance Matrix
STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION
PARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
X
Y
TRANSMITTER: X & YRECEIVERS: X & Y
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COHERENCY MATRIXCOHERENCY MATRIX
BISTATIC CASE
PAULI SCATTERING VECTOR k( )[ ]T
YXXYYXXYYYXXYYXX SSjSSSSSS2
1k −+−+=
COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
[ ]
−+++−−−−+++−+−
=⋅=
A2jIJjNMjKLjIJBBjFEjGHjNMjFEBBjDCjKLjGHjDCA2
kkT0
0
0
T*
HERMITIAN POSITIVE SEMI DEFINITE MATRIX - RANK 1
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COHERENCY MATRIXCOHERENCY MATRIX
MONOSTATIC CASE
[ ]TXYYYXXYYXX S2SSSS
21k −+=
PAULI SCATTERING VECTOR k
[ ]
−−−++++−
=⋅=BBjFEjGH
jFEBBjDCjGHjDCA2
kkT
0
0
0T*
HERMITIAN MATRIX - RANK 1
COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
A0, B0+B, B0-B : HUYNEN TARGET GENERATORS
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TARGET VECTOR : TARGET VECTOR : kk
[ ]
−−−++++−
=⋅=BBjFEjGH
jFEBBjDCjGHjDCA2
kkT
0
0
0T*
COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
−
+=
−+=
−+
=
+
−
HGarctanj
0
CDarctanj
0
0
j0
0
j
XY
YYXX
YYXX
eBB
eBB
A2
ejGHjDC
A2
A2e
S2SSSS
21k φ
φ
( )YYXX SSarg +=φWith:
PAULI SCATTERING VECTOR k
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TARGET GENERATORS TARGET GENERATORS
PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION
SINGLE BOUNCESCATTERING
(ROUGH SURFACE)
DOUBLE BOUNCESCATTERING
VOLUMESCATTERING
2YYXX011 SSA2T +== 2
XY033 S2BBT =−=
2YYXX022 SSBBT −=+=
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TARGET GENERATORS TARGET GENERATORS
( )dB0A2 ( )dB0 BB −( )dB0 BB +
20dB 40dB0dB
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TARGET GENERATORS TARGET GENERATORS
( )dB0A2 ( )dB0 BB −( )dB0 BB +
-15dB 0dB-30dB
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PARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRYPARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
[ ] kSS
SS
SYY
XY
YX
XX a
=PARTIAL SCATTERERS
[ ] [ ]∑=
=⋅=N
1ii
T* TN1kkTSTATISTICAL DESCRIPTION
Describes completely the polarimetric properties of distributed scatterers
Diagonal Elements:
Off-Diagonal Elements:
2YXXY44
2YXXY33
2YYXX22
2YYXX11
SSTSST
SSTSST
−=+=
−=+=
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )*XYYXYXXY34
*XYYXYYXX24
*YXXYYYXX23
*XYYXYYXX14
*YXXYYYXX13
*YYXXYYXX12
SSjSSTSSjSST
SSSSTSSjSST
SSSSTSSSST
−+=−−=
+−=−+=
++=−+=
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
A,AA,As
A,A ESE⊥⊥⊥
= ( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
B,BB,Bs
B,B ESE⊥⊥⊥
=SINCLAIR MATRIX
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ]⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥
= B,BA,AA,AT
B,BA,AB,B USUS aa
CON-SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
COHERENCY MATRIX
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] 1B,BA,A3A,AB,BA,A3B,B UTUT −
⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥= aa
SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
U(3) SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICALBASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX ( ) ( )[ ]
⊥⊥ B,BA,A3U a
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONSPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) GROUP
[ ] ( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−=
−
α
α
ττττ
φφφφ
j
j
e00e
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
U
( )[ ]φ2U ( )[ ]τ2U ( )[ ]α2U
[U3(2φ)] [U3(2τ)] [U3(2α)]
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−
−
−
10002cos2sinj02sinj2cos
2cos02sinj010
2sinj02cos
2cos2sin02sin2cos0
001αα
αα
ττ
ττ
φφφφ
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(3) GROUP
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
[ ]
−
+=
−
ξ
ξ
ρρ
ρ j
j
E
*E
2E
e00e
11
1
1U
( )[ ]ρ2U ( )[ ]ξ2U
With: ( ) ( )( ) ατφξ −= − tantantan 1
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) MATRIX
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(3) MATRIX
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
−ℜ−ℑℜℜ−ℑ+−ℑℑ−−ℜ+
+−−−
−−−
2
j2j22j22
j2j22j22
2
12j2e2e2cosej2sinjej2ej2sinje2cos
11
ρρρρρξρξρρξρξ
ρξξξ
ξξξ
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
THE DIFFERENT TARGET POLARIMETRIC
DESCRIPTORS
[S] SINCLAIR Matrixk, Ω Target Vectors[K] KENNAUGH Matrix[T] Coherency Matrix[C] Covariance Matrix
STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION
PARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
X
Y
TRANSMITTER: X & YRECEIVERS: X & Y
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COVARIANCE MATRIXCOVARIANCE MATRIX
BISTATIC CASE
LEXICOGRAPHIC SCATTERING VECTOR Ω[ ]T
YYYXXYXX SSSS=Ω
COVARIANCE MATRIX [C]
[ ]
=⋅=
*YYYY
*YXYY
*XYYY
*XXYY
*YYYX
*YXYX
*XYYX
*XXYX
*YYXY
*YXXY
*XYXY
*XXXY
*YYXX
*YXXX
*XYXX
*XXXX
T*
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
C ΩΩ
HERMITIAN POSITIVE SEMI DEFINITE MATRIX - RANK 1
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COVARIANCE MATRIXCOVARIANCE MATRIX
MONOSTATIC CASE
[ ]TYYXYXX SS2S=ΩLEXICOGRAPHIC SCATTERING VECTOR Ω
COVARIANCE MATRIX [C]
[ ]
=⋅=
*YYYY
*XYYY
*XXYY
*YYXY
*XYXY
*XXXY
*YYXX
*XYXX
*XXXX
T*
SSSS2SSSS2SS2SS2
SSSS2SSC ΩΩ
HERMITIAN POSITIVE SEMI DEFINITE MATRIX - RANK 1
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PARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRYPARTIAL SCATTERING POLARIMETRY
[ ] Ωa
=
YY
XY
YX
XX
SS
SS
SPARTIAL SCATTERERS
[ ] [ ]∑=
=⋅=N
1ii
T* CN1C ΩΩSTATISTICAL DESCRIPTION
Describes completely the polarimetric properties of distributed scatterers
2YY44
2YX33
2XY22
2XX11
SCSC
SCSC
==
==Diagonal Elements:
Off-Diagonal Elements:
*YYYX34
*YYXY24
*YXXY23
*YYXX14
*YXXX13
*XYXX12
SSCSSC
SSCSSC
SSCSSC
==
==
==
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
A,AA,As
A,A ESE⊥⊥⊥
=
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ]⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥
= B,BA,AA,AT
B,BA,AB,B USUS aa
CON-SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
( ) ( )[ ] ( )i
B,BB,Bs
B,B ESE⊥⊥⊥
=SINCLAIR MATRIX
COVARIANCE MATRIX
( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] 1B,BA,A3A,AB,BA,A3B,B UCUC −
⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥⊥= aa
SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
U(3) SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICALBASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX ( ) ( )[ ]
⊥⊥ B,BA,A3U a
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATIONELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION
[ ]
−
+=
−
ξ
ξ
ρρ
ρ j
j
E
*E
2E
e00e
11
1
1U
( )[ ]ρ2U ( )[ ]ξ2U
With: ( ) ( )( ) ατφξ −= − tantantan 1
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) MATRIX
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(3) MATRIX
( )[ ]
−−−
+=
+++
−−−
ξξξ
ξξξ
ρρρρρ
ρρ
ρξρ
j2j2*j22*
2*
j22j2j2
2
ee2e212ee2e
11,U
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COVARIANCECOVARIANCE--COHERENCY MATRICESCOHERENCY MATRICESBISTACTIC CASE
k ΩPauli Scattering Vector: Lexicographic Scattering Vector:
[ ] [ ] [ ] kDkDandDk *T4
144 === −ΩΩ
UNITARY TRANSFORMATION
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ][ ]4
*T44
**T4
*T
*T44
*T4
*4
*T
DTDDkkDC
DCDDDkkT
=⋅=⋅=
=⋅=⋅=
ΩΩ
ΩΩUNITARY TRANSFORMATION
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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COVARIANCECOVARIANCE--COHERENCY MATRICESCOHERENCY MATRICESMONOSTACTIC CASE
k ΩPauli Scattering Vector: Lexicographic Scattering Vector:
[ ] [ ] [ ] kDkDandDk *T3
133 === −ΩΩ
UNITARY TRANSFORMATION
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ][ ]3
*T33
**T3
*T
*T33
*T3
*3
*T
DTDDkkDC
DCDDDkkT
=⋅=⋅=
=⋅=⋅=
ΩΩ
ΩΩUNITARY TRANSFORMATION
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COVARIANCECOVARIANCE--COHERENCY MATRICESCOHERENCY MATRICESCOHERENCY MATRIX COVARIANCE MATRIX
[ ] T*kkT ⋅= [ ] T*C ΩΩ ⋅=
UNITARY TRANSFORMATION[ ] [ ][ ][ ] *T
4or34or3 DCDT =
[T] and [C] HAVE THE SAME EIGENVALUES
Both contain the same information about Polarimetric Scattering Amplitudes,Phase Angles and Correlations
[T] is closer related to Physical and Geometrical Properties of the ScatteringProcess, and thus allows a better and direct physical interpretation
[C] is directly related to the system measurables
[T] is directly related to the Kennaugh matrix and the Huynen parameters
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
SINCLAIR MATRIX
[ ]S =
SXX SXY
SYX SYY
KENNAUGH MATRIX
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]K V S S VT= ⊗
12
*
EQUIVALENCE ?
[ ]TXYYYXXYYXX S2SSSS
21k −+=
COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
[ ] T*kkT ⋅=
SCATTERING VECTOR k
[ ]TYYXYXX SS2S=Ω
COVARIANCE MATRIX [C]
[ ] *TC ΩΩ=
SCATTERING VECTOR Ω
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
[ S’ ]=[ U2 ]T[ S ] [ U2 ]
[ S ]SINCLAIR
SU(2)
[ T ]COHERENCY
SU(3)
[ C ]COVARIANCE
SU(3)
[ K ]KENNAUGH
O(4)
[ C’ ]=[ U3 ] [ C ] [ U3 ]-1
[ T’ ]=[ U3 ] [ T ] [ U3 ]-1 [ K’ ]=[ O4 ] [ K] [ O4 ]-1
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORSPOLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS
[U3(2φ)] [U3(2τ)] [U3(2α)]
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
−
−
−
10002cos2sinj02sinj2cos
2cos02sinj010
2sinj02cos
2cos2sin02sin2cos0
001αα
αα
ττ
ττ
φφφφ
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(3) GROUP (T Matrix)
SPECIAL UNITARY SU(2) GROUP( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
− −
α
α
ττττ
φφφφ
j
j
e00e
cossinjsinjcos
cossinsincos
( )[ ]φ2U ( )[ ]τ2U ( )[ ]α2U
O(4) UNITARY GROUP
[O4(2φ)] [O4(2τ)] [O4(2α)]
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
−
−−
αα
ααττ
ττ
φφ
φφ
2cos2sin00
2sin2cos0000100001
2cos02sin00100
2sin02cos00001
000002cos2sin0
02sin2cos00001
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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POLARIMETRIC TARGET DIMENSIONPOLARIMETRIC TARGET DIMENSION
[ ]
=
YYYX
XYXX
SSSS
S
BISTATIC CASE MONOSTATIC CASE
XXYYXXYXXXXY
YYYXXYXX
,,S,S,S,S
−−− φφφ
7 DEGREES OF FREEDOM
XXYYXXXY
YYXYXX
,S,S,S
−− φφ
5 DEGREES OF FREEDOM
TARGET BISTATIC POLARIMETRIC « DIMENSION »
77=
TARGET MONOSTATIC POLARIMETRIC « DIMENSION »
55
=
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TARGET EQUATIONSTARGET EQUATIONS
PURE TARGET – MONOSTATIC CASE
SINCLAIR MATRIX [S]POLARIMETRIQUE TARGET
« DIMENSION » = 5
KENNAUGH MATRIX [K]COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
9 HUYNEN REAL PARAMETERS(A0, B0, B, C, D, E, F, G, H)
COVARIANCE MATRIX [C]9 REAL PARAMETERS
|XX|, |XY|, |YY|, Re(XXXY*), Im(XXXY*)Re(XXYY*), Im(XXYY*)Re(XYYY*), Im(XYYY*)
9 - 5 = 4 TARGET EQUATIONS
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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TARGET EQUATIONSTARGET EQUATIONS
PURE TARGET – MONOSTATIC CASE
[ ]
−−−++++−
=⋅=BBjFEjGH
jFEBBjDCjGHjDCA2
kkT
0
0
0T*
3x3 HERMITIAN MATRIX - RANK 1
9 PRINCIPAL MINORS = 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
( ) 0DFCEBBH0EDFCBBG0DHCGFA20GEFHBBD0GFEHBBC
0FEBB0DGCHEA20HGBBA20DCBBA2
0
00
00
222200
2200
2200
=−−+=−++−=−−=−+−−=−−−
=−−−=−+−=−−−=−−+
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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MONOSTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMMONOSTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
(C,D
)
(E,F)
( ) 2200 DCBBA2 +=+
( ) 2200 HGBBA2 +=−
(G,H)
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
[ ]
=⋅= T*kkT
2A0 C - jD H + jGC + jD B0 + B E + jFH - jG E - jF B0 - B
( )( ) 2200 FEBBBB +=−+
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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MONOSTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMMONOSTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]
=⋅= T*kkT
2A0 C - jD H + jGC + jD B0 + B E + jFH - jG E - jF B0 - B
( ) EGFHDBB0 −=−
DGCHEA2 0 −=
DHCGFA2 0 +=
( ) DECFGBB0 −=+
( ) DFCEHBB0 +=+
(C,D
)
(E,F)
(G,H)
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
( ) FGEHCBB0 +=−
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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TARGET EQUATIONSTARGET EQUATIONS
PURE TARGET – MONOSTATIC CASE
KENNAUGH MATRIX [K]COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
9 HUYNEN REAL PARAMETERS(A0, B0, B, C, D, E, F, G, H)
COVARIANCE MATRIX [C]9 REAL PARAMETERS
|XX|, |XY|, |YY|, Re(XXXY*), Im(XXXY*)Re(XXYY*), Im(XXYY*)Re(XYYY*), Im(XYYY*)
POLARIMETRIQUE TARGET« DIMENSION » = 5
SINCLAIR MATRIX [S]
9 - 5 = 4 TARGET EQUATIONS
( )( )
DHCGFA2DGCHEA2HGBBA2DCBBA2
0
0
2200
2200
+=−=+=−+=+
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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POLARIMETRIC TARGET DIMENSIONPOLARIMETRIC TARGET DIMENSION
[ ]
=
YYYX
XYXX
SSSS
S
BISTATIC CASE MONOSTATIC CASE
XXYYXXYXXXXY
YYYXXYXX
,,S,S,S,S
−−− φφφ
7 DEGREES OF FREEDOM
XXYYXXXY
YYXYXX
,S,S,S
−− φφ
5 DEGREES OF FREEDOM
TARGET BISTATIC POLARIMETRIC « DIMENSION »
77=
TARGET MONOSTATIC POLARIMETRIC « DIMENSION »
55
=
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET EQUATIONSBISTATIC TARGET EQUATIONS
PURE TARGET – BISTATIC CASE
SINCLAIR MATRIX [S]POLARIMETRIQUE TARGET
« DIMENSION » = 7
KENNAUGH MATRIX [K]COHERENCY MATRIX [T]
16 HUYNEN REAL PARAMETERS(A, A0, B0, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N)
COVARIANCE MATRIX [C]15 REAL PARAMETERS
|XX|, |XY|, |YX|, |YY|, Re(XXXY*), Im(XXXY*)Re(XXYX*), Im(XXYX*)Re(XXYY*), Im(XXYY*)Re(XYYX*), Im(XYYX*)Re(XYYY*), Im(XYYY*)Re(YXYY*), Im(YXYY*)
16 - 7 = 9 TARGET EQUATIONS
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET EQUATIONSBISTATIC TARGET EQUATIONS
PURE TARGET – BISTATIC CASE
4x4 HERMITIAN MATRIX - RANK 1
16 PRINCIPAL MINORS = 0
[ ]
−+++−−−−+++−+−
=⋅=
A2jIJjNMjKLjIJBBjFEjGHjNMjFEBBjDCjKLjGHjDCA2
kkT0
0
0
T*
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET EQUATIONSBISTATIC TARGET EQUATIONS
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
PURE TARGET – BISTATIC CASE
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
02 2
02 2
0
02 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
A B B I J HN FL EK GM
A B B N M IC FL EK DJ
AE JM IN KB JG NC HI MD
AF JN IM LB MC JH IG DN
AA L K IC HN DJ GM
I B B EN FM AC IA K N H L M G
N B B EI JF AH NA K C I L J D
M B B EJ IF AG MA K D J L C I
J B B EM FN AD
− − − + − −
+ − − + + −
− + − + + + +
+ + − − + +
− − + + +
+ + + + − − − −
− + + + − − − −
− − + − + + + +
+ − + ( ) ( ) − − + + +2 0JA K G M L N H
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
0
0 02 2
0 02 2
0
02 2 2 2
0
0
0
0
A B B C D
A B B G H
A E CH DG
A F CG DH
B B E F
C B B EH GF
H B B CE DF
G B B FC ED
D B B FH GE
+ − −
− − −
− + −
− −
− − −
− − −
+ − −
− + + −
− − + −
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMBISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
(C,D
)(G,H)
(E,F)
(L,K)
(I,J)
(M,N)
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
2A
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMBISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
(C,D
)
(E,F)
(L,K)
(M,N)
( )2 0 02 2A B B C D+ = +
( )2 0 02 2A B B G H− = +
2 02 2A A L K= +
B B E F02 2 2 2− = +
( )2 02 2A B B I J− = +
( )2 02 2A B B M N+ = +
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
2A
(G,H)
(I,J)
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMBISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
(L,K)
(M,N)
( )22
AE JM INAF JN IM
= −
= − +
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
2A
(G,H)
(C,D
)
(E,F)
(I,J)
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMBISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
(L,K)
(M,N) ( )22
AG IL JKAH JL KI
= − +
= −
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
2A
(G,H)
(C,D
)
(E,F)
(I,J)
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMBISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
(L,K)
(M,N)
22
AC LM KNAD KM LN
= += −
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
2A
(G,H)
(C,D
)
(E,F)
(I,J)
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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BISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAMBISTATIC TARGET DIAGRAM
[ ]T k k T= ⋅ =
*
2A0 C - jD H + jG L - jKC + jD B0 + B E + jF M - jNH - jG E - jF B0 - B J + jIL + jK M + jN J - jI 2A
(L,K)
(M,N)
22
AC LM KNAD KM LN
= += −
( )22
AE JM INAF JN IM
= −
= − +
( )22
AG IL JKAH JL KI
= − +
= −
2A0
B0 + B
B0 - B
2A
(G,H)
(C,D
)
(E,F)
(I,J)
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BISTATIC POLARISATION FORKBISTATIC POLARISATION FORK
K
L
MC 2
X 1
O 2N'
X 2
E 2
E 1
M'
C 1
N
D 1
D 2
O 1
Q
U
V(D1 , D2)
XPOL SADDLE(K , L)
COPOL MAX
(O1 , O2)COPOL NULLS
(C1 , C2)XPOL MAX
Z.H. CZYZP.I.T Warsaw
(E1 , E2) (X1 , X2)XPOL NULLS
TRANSMISSION (M, N = M⊥) , RECEPTION (M ’ , N ’ = M ’⊥)
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MONOSTATIC POLARISATION FORKMONOSTATIC POLARISATION FORK
K
L
M
C 2
X 1
O 2
X 2
E 2
E 1
C 1
N
D 1 D 2
O 1
Q
U
V
© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)
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SCATTERING POLARIMETRYSCATTERING POLARIMETRY
X
Y
SINCLAIR MATRIX [S]
THE DIFFERENT TARGET POLARIMETRIC
DESCRIPTORS
[S] SINCLAIR Matrixk, Ω Target Vectors[K] KENNAUGH Matrix[T] Coherency Matrix[C] Covariance Matrix
YY
XYYX
XX
TRANSMITTER: X & YRECEIVERS: X & Y
POLARIMETRIC REMOTE SENSING
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Questions ?Questions ?