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Schedule of
XXII ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF
SOCIETY OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGISTS OF INDIA
AND
NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRI-GENOMIC INTERVENTIONS TO AUGMENT FOOD
SECURITY AND ANIMAL WELFARE
November 19-21, 2013
Date Time Event Venue
19.11.2013
8.00 am to 9.30 am Breakfast and Registration Kisan Bhawan
9.30 am to 11.30 am Inaugural Session Main Ground
11.30 am to 12.00 noon Hi Tea
12.00 noon to 2.00 pm National Symposium Kisan Bhawan
2.00 pm to 2.30 pm Lunch Kisan Bhawan
2.30 pm to 4.30 pm Session I: Climate Changes, Stress and
Bioenergetics
Kisan Bhawan
4.30 pm to 4.45 pm Session Tea Kisan Bhawan
5.00 pm to 7.00 pm National Quiz Kisan Bhawan
7.30 pm to 9.00 pm Cultural Programmes Kisan Bhawan
9.00 pm to 10.00 pm Dinner Kisan Bhawan
20.11.2013
6.00 am to 8.30 am Visit to Shri Krishna Janam Bhoomi
and Dwarikadhish Temple
8.30 am to 9.30 am Breakfast Kisan Bhawan
9.30 am to 11.00 am Session II: Cardio Vascular,
Respiratory and Renal Physiology
Lecture cum
Examination Hall
No.1
Session III: Digestive Physiology and
Nutritional interventions
Lecture cum
Examination Hall
No.2
11.00 am to 11.15 am Tea
11.15 am to 1.15 pm Session IV: Reproductive Physiology
and Interventional Techniques in
Reproduction
Lecture cum
Examination Hall
No.1
1.15 pm to 2.00 pm Lunch
2.00 pm to 5.00 pm Session V: Neurophysiology and
Endocrinology
Lecture cum
Examination Hall
No.1
Session VI: Livestock Health and
Production Physiology
Lecture cum
Examination Hall
No.2
Session VII: Poster Session I Outside
Examination Hall
4.00 pm to 4.15 pm Tea
4.15 pm to 5.45 pm Session VIII: Poultry, Fisheries and
Wildlife Physiology
Lecture cum
Examination Hall
No.1
7.30 pm Dinner Mukund Palace
21.11.2013
6.00 am Tour: Optional/on Self finance basis Taj Mahal and
Fatehpur Sikri
8.00 am to 9.00 am Breakfast
9.30 am to 10.30 am Session IX: Teaching Veterinary
Physiology
Kisan Bhawan
Session X: Poster Session II Kisan Bhawan
10.30 am to 11.30 am Session XI: Young Scientist Award
Session
Kisan Bhawan
11.30 am to 12.00 noon Tea
12.00 noon to 1.00 pm Session XII: Plenary Session Kisan Bhawan
1.00 pm to 2.00 pm Lunch Kisan Bhawan
2.00 pm to3.00 pm Valedictory Function Kisan Bhawan
XXII ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGISTS OF INDIA
AND
NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRI-GENOMIC INTERVENTIONS
TO AUGMENT FOOD SECURITY AND ANIMAL WELFARE
November 19-21, 2013
ORGANISED BY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND AH
U.P. Pt Deen dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidylaya
Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001.
CORE COMMITTEE
Chief Patron Professor A.C. Varshney
Hon’ble Vice Chancellor
Chairman Prof. Satish K. Garg
Dean, College of Veterinary Science and AH
Organizing Secretary Dr. Sarvajeet Yadav
Prof. & Head, Veterinary Physiology
Co-Organizing Secretary Dr. Jitender Kumar
Associate Professor, Veterinary Physiology
Technical Secretary Dr. Arun K. Madan
Associate Professor Veterinary Physiology
Treasurer Dr. Brijesh Yadav
Assistant Professor, Veterinary Physiology
Office Secretary Dr. Mukul Anand
Assistant Professor, Veterinary Physiology
Member Dr. Pankaj Shukla
Dean PGS & Prof. & Head, Poultry Science
Dr. Atul Saxena
Prof. & Head, Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Dr. R.P. Pandey
Prof. & Head, Veterinary Surgery and Radiology
Dr. Daya Shanker
Prof. & Head, Veterinary Parasitology
Dr. M.M. Farooqui
Associate Professor, Veterinary Anatomy
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
S.No. Committee Name Reference
1. Reception Committee Dr. Satish K. Garg, Dean Veterinary Faculty Chairman
Dr. Rajesh Nigam, Dean Biotechnology Member
Dr. Bharat Singh, Registrar Member
Dr. Pankaj Shukla, Dean PGS Member
Dr. Sarvajeet Yadav, OS, SAPI 2013 Member
2. Publication Committee Dr. Sarvajeet Yadav Chairman
Dr. Jitender Kumar Member
Dr. Arun K. Madan Member
Dr. Brijesh Yadav Member
Dr. Mukul Anand Member
3. Transport Committee Dr. Daya Shanker Chairman
Dr. Vinod Member
Dr. Dilip Swain Member
Dr. Prabhaker Member
Dr S P Singh Member
Dr. R. K. Yadav Member
Dr. Neeraj Gangawar Member
4. Accommodation
Committee
Dr. Pankaj Shukla Chairman
Dr. S. K. Mishra Member
Dr. Vijai Pandey Member Dr. Dilip Swain Member Dr. Rajnish Sirohi Member Dr. Deep Narayan Singh Member Dr. Yajuvendra Singh Member Sh. Tej Pratap Member 5. Registration Committee Dr. Ajay Prakash Chairman
Dr. Archana Pathak Member
Dr. Varsha Guota Member
Dr. Prabhaker Member
Dr. Shanker Singh Member
6. Food Committee Dr. Atul Saxena Chairman
Dr. Ram Sagar Member
Dr. Anuj Kumar Member
Dr. Vivek Mallik Member
7. Cultural Programme Dr. Jitender Kumar Chairman
Dr. Rashmi Singh Member
Dr. Meena Goswami Member
8. Stage Decoration and
Inaugural Function
Dr. M.M. Farooqui Chairman
Dr. Rakesh Goel Member
Dr. Madhu Tiwari Member
Dr.Ruchi Tiwari Member
9. Scientific and Technical
Session
Dr. R.P.Pandey Chairman
Dr. Archana Pathak Member
Dr. Gulshan Member
Dr.Vikrant Sudan Member
10 Purchase Committee
As approved by Hon’ble
Vice Chancellor
Dr Sarvajeet Yadav Chairman
Dr. M.M. Farooqui, SPO Member
Dr Jitender Kumar Member
Dr Brijesh Yadav Member
FO Nominee Member
11 Press and invitation
committee
Dr Sanjeev Kumar Singh Chairman
Dr Mukul Anand Member
Dr Amit Verma Member
Dr Amit Jaisawal Member
Dr Devashees Roy Member
Sh. Rajnesh Yadav Member
12 Estate Management
committee
Shri Dube (JE, Civil) Chairman
Shri J. N. Pal (PTI) Member
Shri S P Azad (JE, Elecrical) Member
Shri Shan Muhammad Electrician
Shri Chanda Meth
13 VIP visit and Excursion Dr. Mukul Anand Chairman
Sh. Ajay Telang Member
Sh. Ishwar Chand Member
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
CONTENTS
SESSION – 1
CLIMATE CHANGE, STRESS AND BIOENERGETICS
CCSB-01 Growth, physiological and blood profile of male Purnathadi Buffalo calves in
summer
Dhenge S. A., Kuralkar Prajkta and Nagre S.M.
1
CCSB-02 In vitro effect of radiofrequency on HSP70 gene expression of birds
Das P. K., Jana C., Thulasiraman P., Ghosh P. R., Joardar S. N., Pandiyan G.
D. V., Mukherjee J., Maity S. and Sanyal S.
1-2
CCSB-03 Effect of heat stress on regulation of BAX, BCL-2 and Caspase-3 mRNAs in
PBMC of Transition Karan Fries cows.
Somal Anjali and Aggarwal Anjali
2
CCSB-04 Effect of seasonal variation on post-thaw sperm kinematics of Murrah buffalo
breeding bulls
Nitharwal K., Singh P., Kumar P., Kumar A., Gupta A.K. and Bhakat M.
2-3
CCSB-05 Studies on interrelationship between temperature humidity index and
physiological parameters in growing swamp Buffalo calves
Saikia T.K., Goswami J., Sarmah B.C., Sarmah B.K., Biswas R.K., Das G.C.,
Borah R.S.
3
CCSB-06 Expression profile of HSP70 gene during different seasons in Tarai buffaloes
Manjari P., Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Kumar Sudhir, Uniyal S. and Gupta Anil
4
CCSB-07 Effect of cooling during heat stress on blood gas and acid-base balance in late
gestation period of Murrah buffaloes
Aarif Ovais, Aggarwal Anjali and Uphadya R C
4
CCSB-08 Behavioural and chemical changes produced due to stress associated with
weaning in calf
Rai M, Rai R, Dalai N & Shekhar S
5
CCSB-09 Expression of genes related to skin colour and their relationship with the
physiological responses and cortisol hormone in Tharparkar cattle during
summer and winter season
Maibam Uttarani, Singh S.V., Upadhyay R.C., Hooda O.K., Beenam and
Kumar Suresh
5-6
CCSB-10 Blood biochemical response of Alpine X Beetal kids to thermal and exercise
stress
Hooda O. K., Singh S. V. and Upadhyay R. C.
6
CCSB-11 Biochemical and hormonal acclimation to severe thermal stress in crossbred
cattle
Yadav Brijesh and Singh Gynendra
6-7
CCSB-12 Effect of chromium propionate supplementation on thermal stress alleviation in
Sahiwal calves
Kumar Suresh, Singh S.V., Upadhyay R.C., Hooda O.K., Singh A.K., Maibam
Uttarani, Chaudhari Bijay Kumar and Baliyan Beenam
7
CCSB-13 Evaluation of body antioxidant indices and their relationship with different
phenotypic traits of three different breeds of goats (Capra hircus) at high
altitude
Kumar Prabhat, Bharti Vijay K., Charan Guru, Kumar K., Ballewar V.R.,
Srivastava R. B.
8
CCSB-14 Effect of thermal stress on some enzyme activities in Beetal and Toggenberg
goats
Kour Sumeet, Devi J., Kour K. and Chakravorty D.
8-9
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
CCSB-15 Sahiwal cows during hot dry and hot humid environments: Changes in
physiohematological and hormonal parameter in lactating
Pandey A.K., Khan J.R. and Chandrakar Khushboo
9
CCSB-16 Study on diaphoretic rate vis-a-vis body condition score in Surti buffaloes
during hot and humid climate
Singh Virendra Kumar, Chaudhary Sandhya S., Puri Gopal, Sharma A.K.,
Siddique R.A., Patel M.D. and Singh Rana Ranjeet
10
CCSB-17 Variation in hematological and biochemical parameters vis-a-vis season in
Surti buffaloes
Chaudhary Sandhya S., Singh V.K., Siddique R.A., Sharma Arun, Puri Gopal,
Patel M.D., Upadhayay R.C. and Odedara Arjun
10-11
CCSB-18 Effect of seasons on the blood physiology of cross-bred cattle in Kashmir
Iqbal Saleem
11
CCSB-19 Influence of season on oxidative status of Bhadawari buffalo semen and their
correlation with seminal plasma proteins
Sharma Lokesh, Pandey Vijay, Nigam Rajesh, Singh Pawanjit, Saxena Atul,
and Swain Dilip
11-12
CCSB-20 Influence of highland alpine pasture migration on growth and production
performances of crossbred growing lambs
Saha S. and Phogat J. B.
12
SESSION – 2
CARDIO-VASCULAR, RESPIRATORY AND RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
CRRP-01 Deciphering the electrocardiogram of healthy Ganjam goats of India
Mohapatra S., Das D., Pradhan R.R., Panda D., Panda B.S.K., Priyadarsini
L., Mahapatra A.P.K. and Kundu A.K.
13
CRRP-02 Comparative effects of Propofol and Xyalzine-ketamine anaesthesia on
cardiovascular and respiratory system in Goats
Yadav Mrigakshi, Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Manjari P., Das A. K. and Kumar
Sudhir
13-14
CRRP-03 A study on evaluation of certain excretory metabolites in blood serum and
urine of cows and buffaloes
Kakde S. P., Korde J. P., Jagtap D. G., Bahiram K. B. and Lad P. N.
14
CCSB-04 Diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation in a dog
Mohapatra Swagat, Mahapatra A.P.K., Das D., Pradhan R.R., Swain P.S. and
Kundu A.K.
14-15
SESSION – 3
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION
DPNI-01 Effect of supplementing Mentha piperata and Emblica officinalis on growth
performance of beetal kids.
Poonia J.S, Madan Jyotsana, Sindhu Sonia and Gupta Meenakshi
17
DPNI-02 Effect of bypass fat supplementation on blood biochemical responses in heat
stressed goats
Sharma Shikha, Jindal R. and Nayyar S.
17
DPNI-03 Effect of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and Methionine on blood in
biochemical’s growing Hariana heifers
Singh Jai Kumar, Roy Debashis, Kumar Vinod and Kumar Muneendra
17-18
DPNI-04 Effect of different rearing systems and supplementation on total protein and
serum albumin of Mecheri lambs
Muralidharan J. and Saravanakumar V. Ramesh
18
DPNI-05 Effect of dietary mineral supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and
plasma mineral profile in growing Hariana heifers
Gupta Vivek Prasad, Kumar Vinod, Roy Debashis, Prakash Atul and Kumar
Muneendra
19
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
DPNI-06 Postpartum physiological adaptation in hormones, metabolites and milk
production in crossbred cows fed with prilled fat
Rajesh G, Singh Mahendra, Sehgal J.P., Roy A.K., Pandita Sujata and Singh
Sukhjinderjeet
19-20
DPNI-07 Effect of neem oil (as immunomodulator) in the diet of buffalo calves to
reduce their neonatal mortality
Jain Anand Kumar, Singh H. S. and Quadri M. A.
20
DPNI-08 The effects of dietary antibiotic and Coriandrum sativum seed powder
supplementation on immunity, intestine length and organoleptic analysis of
meat in broilers
Chandrakar Khushboo, Mishra O.P., Khan J.R. and Pandey Arvind
20-21
DPNI-09 Addition of protected fat on rumen fermentation in Mecheri lambs
Selvaraj P., Jayachandran S., Visha P. and Nanjappan K.
21
DPNI-10 Improved performance and small intestinal development of broiler chickens by
oral putrescine and L-glutamine supplementation
Devipriya K., Selvaraj P., Nanjappan K. and Eswari S.
22
DPNI-11 Metabolic heat production and energy exchange in Murrah heifers during
summer and winter
Praveer S.D., Devi Rajni, Singh A.K. and Upadhyay R.C.
22-23
DPNI-12 Effect of combination of live yeast, yeast metabolites, surfactant and buffering
agent on the performance of lactating cows
Joshi K.N., Patil M.B., Ramteke B.N., Gadegaonkar G.M. and Karambele N.R.
23
DPNI-13 Comparative efficacy of supplementation of organic manganese on production
performance of broiler chicken
Chatterjee P.N., Biswas P., Pakhira M., Pal K. and Pal Aruna
23-24
DPNI-14 Effect of area specific mineral mixture supplementation on mineral profile of
anoestrus and prolonged post partum anoestrus crossbred cows
Jana Sonali, Verma M. S., Sharma K. B., Wadhwa D. and Kumar R.
24-25
DPNI-15 In-vitro methane production of protein supplements (Brassica juncea, Linum
usitatissimum, Araches hypoges, Glycine max, Gossypium herbaceum,
Cyamopsis teteragonoloba and Sesbania sesban) used in goat feeding
Tripathi M.K., Gupta Bhawna, Tripathi Prabhat, Chaudhary U.B. and Kumar
Ravindra
25
DPNI-16 Methane production of potential of wheat Straw (Triticum aestivum) based
feeding system with whole goat rumen flora in-vitro.
Tripathi M. K., Tripathi Prabhat, Gupta Bhawna, Chaudhary U.B. and Kumar
Ravindra
26
DPNI-17 Nutritional manipulation in ram lambs and its impact on growth performance
under temperate climate of Himachal Pradesh
Saha S. and Phogat J. B.
26-27
SESSION – 4
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND INTERVENTIONAL
TECHNIQUE IN REPRODUCTION
RIRT-01 In-Vitro fertility tests in Murrah Buffalo bulls
Shivahre P. R., Gupta A. K., Panmei A., Yadav B. R., Bhakat M., Mohanty T.
K., Kumaresan A., Chakravarty A. K., Rajak S., Kumar S. and Kumar A.
29
RIRT-02 Growth factors in caprine oocyte maturation In Vitro
Pavana Shree U. S., Nandi S., Gupta P. S. P. , Girish Kumar V. and
Chandrsekara Murthy V.
29-30
RIRT-03 Effect of season on quality of Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen
Baruah K. K., Mondal M., Dhali A., Bora B. and Rajkhowa C.
30
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
RIRT-04 Effect of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and basic-fibroblast growth
factor (bFGF) on in vitro fertilization and subsequent development of goat
oocytes
Gupta P. S. P., Nandi S., Pavana Shree U. S., Dhali A. and Girish Kumar V.
30-31
RIRT-05 Conception rate in crossbred cows following ovsynch and double PGF2α
protocol
Shakkarpude Jyotsana, Jain Archana, Dixit N. K. and Shrivastava P. N.
31
RIRT-06 Effect of different progesterone preparations on plasma progesterone and
estadiol profile in postpartum anestrus buffaloes
Jayachandran S., Visha P., Selvaraj P., Nanjappan K. and Thavasiappan V.
32
RIRT-07 Effects of Tinospora cordifolia supplementation on semen quality and
hormonal profile in rams
Jayaganthan P., Perumal P., Balamurugan T.C., Verma R.P., Singh L.P.,
Pattanaik A.K. and Kataria Meena
33
RIRT-08 Maturation timing and fetal bovine serum concentration for developmental
potential of sheep oocytes in vitro
Mishra Ashish, Gupta P. S. P., Sejian V., Reddy I. J. and Ravindra J. P.
33-34
RIRT-09 Study on impact of different hormonal protocols used for induction of estrus
and fertility in buffaloes under field conditions in Haryana
Vikash, Virmani Meenakshi, Malik R.K. and Bamel P.S.
34
RIRT-10 Development of soy based extender with optimum osmolality to improve
semen quality in Murrah bulls
Bishist R., Raina V.S., Bhakat M., Gupta A.K., Mohanty T.K. and Rao T.K.S.
34-35
RIRT-11 Optimization of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid concentration in Buck
semen dilutor
Gangwar Chetna, Ranjan R., Kharche S. D., Kumar Satish, Goel A. K.,
Ramachandran N., Jindal S. K. and Agrawal S. K.
35
RIRT-12 Enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells by using magnate assisted cell sorting
and CD9 cell surface marker
Kumar Mahesh, Mandal DK, Tyagi S, Mathur AK, Sharma Ankur and Verma
Jitendra
35-36
RIRT-13 Seed germination inhibition test for pregnancy detection in Amrit Mahal cows
Kiran M. and Narayana Swamy M.
36
RIRT-14 Influence of nuclear stage of oocyte during vitrification on the in vitro
maturation of caprine oocytes
Vinayaki M. Sundara, Majumdar A.C. and Sharma G. Taru
37
RIRT-15 Steroid and metabolic hormonal profile of porcine follicular fluid
Borah S., Naskar S., Sarmah B.C., Goswami J., Thomas R., Vashi Y., Dhara S.
K.
37-38
RIRT-16 Expression profile of H19, Igf2r, Igf2 and Nnat gene during preimplantation
development in Capra hircus
Ranjan R., Singh Renu, Kumar Kuldeep, Kharche S. D., Jindal S.K., Gangwar
Chetna, Sarkar M., Das B. C., Bag Sadhan and Agrawal S. K.
38
RIRT-17 Effect of exogenous GnRH and PGF2α on postpartum estrus activity of
Jaffrabadi buffaloes
Ahlawat A.R., Vataliya P.H., Ghodasara S.N., and Murthy K.S.
38-39
RIRT-18 Effect of sericin on freezability of buffalo spermatozoa
Kumar Pradeep, Singh Pawan, Kumar D. and Sikka P.
39
RIRT-19 Effect of recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor on in vitro maturation of
buffalo oocytes evaluated by the subsequent development of embryos
Eswari S. and Sharma G. Taru
40
RIRT-20 A study to evaluate effect of high and low egg yolk concentration on
capacitation like changes in cryopreserved goat semen
Baghel G., Yadav S., Kumar J., Yadav B., Anand M. and Madan A. K.
40-41
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
RIRT-21 Capacitation like changes in Barbari buck semen subjected to cryopreservation
Baghel G., Yadav S., Madan A. K., Anand M., Kumar J. and Yadav B.
41
RIRT-22 Effect of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and their combination on plasma membrane
integrity of spermatozoa during cryopreservation.
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Kumar J., Yadav B., Anand M. and Yadav S.
42
RIRT-23 Role of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and their combination as antioxidant to maintain
acrosomal integrity in cryopreserved semen.
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Yadav B., Anand M., Yadav S. and Kumar J.
42-43
RIRT-24 Segment specific characterization of epididymal sperms of bucks
Swornkar P., Kumar J., Swain D.K. and S. Yadav
43
SESSION – 5
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
NEP-01 SNP detection in Growth hormone gene and its association with male
reproduction in Indian crossbred cattle
Pal Aruna and Chatterjee P.N.
45
NEP-02 Hormone profile, blood metabolites during pregnancy and periparturient period
in Alpine X Beetal crossbred goats
Khan J. R. and Ludri R. S.
45-46
NEP-03 Correlation between hormones, blood metabolites, and hematological
parameters during pregnancy in Alpine X Beetal crossbred goats.
Khan J. R. and Ludri R. S.
46-47
NEP-04 Effect of reduced dietary energy level on endocrine parameters and seminal
quality of native buck
Samad Hari Abdul, Maurya V. P., Singh Manav and Latheef Shyma K.
47
NEP-05 Studies on thyroid hormones and some biochemical constituents of follicular
fluid in buffalo
Rampure D.N., Dalvi S.H. and Malpani B. L.
48
NEP-06 Effect of mist and fan on the role of sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system in
Murrah buffaloes during summer season
Chaudhari Bijay Kumar and Singh Mahendra
48-49
NEP-07 Effect of temperature on stress biomarkers in plasma and milk in Murrah
buffaloes during hot dry season
Chaudhari Bijay Kumar and Singh Mahendra
49
NEP-08 Reproductive hormone responses to exogenous GnRH in Karan Fries bull
calves
Bharath Kumar B.S. and Pandita Sujata
50
NEP-09 Effect of temperature variation on estrogen and progesterone concentration
during different stages of gestation in Chhotanagpuri Ewes
Verma R.K and Ishwar A.K.
50-51
NEP-10 Effect of micronutrients supplementation on leptin hormone in cross-bred
cattle around parturition
Maurya Pankaj Kumar, Aggarwal Anjali and Malhotra Priyanka
51
NEP-11 Effect of extended duration thermal stress on hormones and semen quality of
native bucks (Capra hircus)
Singh Manav, Maurya V.P., Mamta, Prasad J.K. and Yadav Brijesh
52
NEP-12 Comparative molecular genotyping of growth hormone in Surti and Mehsana
buffaloes
Janmeda Mamta and Vataliya P.H.
52-53
NEP-13 Stimulatory effect of LH, IGF-1 and EGF on VEGF production in cultured
bubaline luteal cells
Chouhan V.S., S Dangi.S., Babitha V.,
Singh G. and Sarkar M.
53
NEP-14 Expression of mRNA encoding Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF9) and
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 (BMP15) in follicular cells of buffalo ovary
Muralidharan K., Eswari S., Vijayarani K and Gomathy V.S.
53-54
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
NEP-15 Electrophoretic profile of goat’s pineal gland
Pathak Arti, Kumar Jitender, Misra Vaibhav and Agrawal M.P.
54
NEP-16 Intravenous infusion induced SEF 90 enhancement in goats
Madan A. K., Korde J. P. and Rastogi S. K.
54-55
SESSION – 6
LIVESTOCK HEALTH AND PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY
LHPP-01 Relation of leptin, insulin and glucose during late gestation and early lactation
in murrah buffalo
Nagre S. M., Kuralkar Prajakta, Dhenge S.A. and Kuralkar S.V.
57
LHPP-02 Evaluation of udder health in relation to enzymatic changes in milk of non-
descript sheep of Buldhana district
Paithane S.S. and Khodke M.V.
57
LHPP-03 Relation between antioxidant status and postpartum anestrous (PPA) condition
in Murrah buffalo
Kumar Rajesh, Gupta Meenakshi, Rose Manoj Kumar, Ghosh Mayukh and
Singh Inderjeet
58
LHPP-04 Effect of mineral mixture on growth performance of growing pigs
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Mohabe L., Mohabe P., Rai M., Praveen P. K. and Rai R.
58
LHPP-05 Metabolic profile and antioxidative parameters in clinical cases of
diaphragmatic hernia in buffaloes
Madan Jyotsana, Gupta Meenakshi and Kumar Rajesh
59
LHPP-06 In vitro phagocytic activity of blood and milk neutrophils isolated from
primiparous and multiparous Karan Fries (Holstein x Tharparkar) cows
throughout the production cycle
Dang A.K. and Mukherjee Joydip
59-60
LHPP-07 Efficacy of iron nanoparticles on hematological parameters in piglets
Nalinarani P., Jayachandran S., Selvaraj P. and Ramesh V.
60
LHPP-08 Comparative effects of propofol and xyalzine-ketamine anaesthesia on
hematological, biochemical and clinical parameters in goats
Yadav Mrigakshi, Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Manjari P., Das A. K. and Kumar
Sudhir
60-61
LHPP-09 Proteomic analysis of acute phase proteins during animal disease
Rai M., Rai R., Dalai N. and Shekhar S.
61
LHPP-10 Effects of anti-apoptotic factors in cryopreservation of buffalo Wharton’s jelly
derived stem cells
Sreekumar.T.R, Ansari Mohd. Matin and Chandra Vikash
61-62
LHPP-11 Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of local and crossbred pigs of
Assam on probiotic feeding
Baruah Anubha, Baruah K. K., Sarmah B.C., Roychowdhury R. and Sarma R.
K.
62
LHPP-12 Effect of migration to highland alpine pasture on growth and production
performances of crossbred sheep
Saha S. and Phogat J. B.
63
LHPP-13 Seasonal variations in the milk composition and somatic cell count at different
lactation stages of Tarai buffaloes
Begum Rizwana, Huozha R., Rastogi S. K., Kumar Om and Singh Praneeta
63-64
LHPP-14 Variations of energy biochemical metabolites in periparturient Barbari goats
Sharma Nitika, Kumar Ashok, Kumar Ravindra, Shivasharanappa N., Mishra
A.K., Chaturvedi Vinay and Pawaiya R.V.S.
64
LHPP-15 Formation of NET, apoptosis andexpression of surface adhesion molecules and
Toll like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) in neutrophils of mastitic cows.
Swain D.K., Kushwah M.S., Bhatt I., Kaur M. and Dang A.K.
64-65
LHPP-16 Haematobiochemical indices in peri-parturient goats
Sharma Nitika, Kumar Ashok, Kumar Ravindra, Mishra A.K, Chaturvedi
Vinay, Shivasharanappa N. and Singh M. K.
65
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
SESSION – 7
POSTER SESSION – I
Post-01 In-Vitro fertility assessment in Karan Fries bulls
Panmei A., Gupta A.K., Shivahre P. R., Yadav B. R., Bhakat M., Rajak S.,
Thakur K., Mohanty T. K.. Kumaresan A., Kumar S., Kumar A. and Singh P.
67
Post-02 Blood metabolic profile during late gestation and early lactation in Murrah
Buffalo
Nagre S. M., Kuralkar Prajakta, Dhenge S.A. and Kuralkar S.V.
67-68
Post-03 Comparison of haematological and biochemical profile in cattle affected with
parturient paresis to that of normal cattle
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Praveen P. K., Mohabe L., and Mohabe
P.
68
Post-04 Mineral status affect the postpartum cyclicity in Murrah buffaloes
Kumar Rajesh, Gupta Meenakshi, Rose Manoj Kumar, Ghosh Mayukh and
Singh Inderjeet
68
Post-05 Effect of supplemental chromium on serum cortisol concentration and growth
weight in Sirohi goat kids
Sangekar S.V., Ingole S. D., Salve R. R., Nagvekar A. S. and Bharucha S. V.
69
Post-06 Effect of Chromium on lactation performance and cortisol concentration in
Buffaloes
Desai J. G., Ingole S. D., Bharucha S. V., Nagvekar A. S. and Salve R. R.
69-70
Post-07 Optimisation of Caprine hepatocyte cell culture
Phad Ashok Vyankati and Anand Laxmi
70
Post-08 Blood biochemical status in cyclic and postpartum anestrus buffaloes
Jayachandran S., Selvaraj P., Visha P., Nanjappan K. and Thavasiappan V.
70-71
Post-09 Plasma vitamin E, total carotenoids and fatty acids profile in cyclic and
postpartum anestrus buffaloes
Jayachandran S., Visha P., Selvaraj P. and Nanjappan K.
71
Post-10 Effect of mastitis on haematological parameters in cattle
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Mohabe L., Mohabe P., Praveen P. K., Dewangan B. K.
and Rai R.
72
Post-11 Effect of Foot and Mouth disease vaccination on antioxidants of Mithun (Bos
frontalis) semen
Perumal P., Vupru K., Khate K., and Rajkhowa C.
72
Post-12 Effect of addition of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on the liquid
storage (5oC) of Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen
Perumal P., Vupru K., Khate K., and Rajkhowa C.
72-73
Post-13 Prolactin mRNA profiles in normal and siRNA transfected anterior pituicytes
in domestic hen.
Reddy I. J., Mishra Ashish and Mondal S.
73
Post-14 Performance of Indian sheep under different housing system during summer
season
Singh D. N., Wadhwani K. N. and Patel A. M.
74
Post-15 Haematological profile of Tarai buffaloes during different seasons
Manjari P., Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Kumar Sudhir and Yadav Mrigakshi
74
Post-16 Effect of cooling during heat stress on physiological responces in late gestation
period of Murrah buffaloes
Aarif Ovais, Aggarwal Anjali and Upadhyay R. C.
75
Post-17 Expected correlated response in first lactation fertility traits due to selection based on
first lactation 305 day milk yield in Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian crossbred) cows
Dash S. K., Gupta A. K., Manoj M., Bhakat M. K., Singh Avtar, Mohanty T.K.,
and Chakravarty A. K
75
Post-18 Semen quality assessment in Tharparkar bulls
Panmei A.., Gupta A.K., Shivahre P.R., Bhakat M., Singh P. and Chakravarty
A.K.
76
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Post-19 Evaluation of serum micro mineral concentration in cyclic and acyclic Murrah
buffalo
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Rai R., Mohabe L., Mohabe P. and Rai M.
76
Post-20 Estimation of haematological changes in Dogs affected with hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Rai R., Rai M. and Yadav R. S.
77
Post-21 Haematological changes in bitch affected with pyometra
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Yadav R. S., Rai R. and Rai M.
77
Post-22 Effect of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine on growth
performance and nutrient utilization in growing Hariana heifers
Singh Jai Kumar, Roy Debashis, Kumar Vinod and Kumar Muneendra
77-78
Post-23 Physiological responses and heat dissipation capacity of different body parts
during thermal stress in crossbred cattle
Yadav Brijesh and Singh Gynendra
78
Post-24 Effect of parity, period and season of calving in production and reproduction
traits in Deoni cattle
Basak S., Das D.N., Jeyakumar S. and Soumya N. P.
79
Post-25 Serum calcium and phosphorus levels of Mecheri lambs under two rearing
systems and supplementation
Muralidharan J. and Saravanakumar V. Ramesh
79-80
Post-26 Methiorep-a herbal alternative to synthetic DL-methionine for poultry layer
birds
Kumari Kiran, Tiwari S. P., Ravikanth K. and Thakur A.
80
Post-27 Efficacy of zinc in prevention of piglet diarrhea
Deka Ilakshy, Goswami J., Saikia A., Kalita D. and Sarmah B.C.
80-81
Post-28 Semen quality of roosters developed through In ovo thermal treatment
Shanmugam M., Vinoth A., K. Rajaravindra S. and Rajkumar U.
81
Post-29 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of 12S rRNA gene of Cattle, Buffalo and Yak
Saikia D. P., Kalita D.J., Borah P., Zaman G.U., Sarma S., Barman N.N. and
Dutta R.
82
Post-30 Studies on physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters in
working Hallikar bullocks
Sudhakar M. L., Narayana Swamy M., Veena T., Yathiraj S., Jayashankar M.
R. and Honnappa T. G.
82-83
Post-31 Effect of liquid nitrogen levels during storage of cryopreserved (frozen) semen
of Bhadawari buffalo bulls
Mishra Sanjay K., Singh Vijay and Saxena Atul
83
Post-32 Association of conception rate with physico-chemical properties of cervical
mucus in Hariana and Sahiwal cows
Mishra Sanjay K., Singh Vijay and Saxena Atul
83-84
Post-33 Antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous leaves extracts of Costus pictus, Solanum
nigrum and their combination in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Ranjitha V. H., Narayana Swamy M., Veena T., Krishnaswamy A.,
Satyanarayana M. L. and Upendra H. A.
84
Post-34 Ovarian antral follicular dynamics and biochemical profile of ovarian follicular
fluid in non-descript goats of Karnataka
Tungal Seema S., Swamy Narayana M., Veena T., Honnappa T. G. and
Bhaskaran R.
84-85
Post-35 Haematological profile of Gaolao heifers
Kapale P.M., Jagtap D.G. and Badukale D.M.
85
Post-36 Management of heat stress in organised broiler farms of Tirunelveli district,
Tamilnadu
Ramakrishnan V., Rajathi S. and Vinayaki M. Sundara
86
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
Post-37 Effect of vitrification on the morphological status of post –thawed goat
oocytes
Vinayaki M. Sundara, Majumdar A.C., Sharma G. Taru and Ramakrishnan V.
86-87
Post-38 Effect of non-hormonal treatments on postpartum true anoestrus crossbred
dairy cows
Bora Bhaskar, Perumal P., Bonia K. K., Khan M. H. and Biswas R. K.
87
Post-39 Haematological status in Jersey x Sahiwal repeat breeder cows
Kekan P. M. and Shirbhate R. N.
87-88
Post-40 Erythrocytic indices and leukocyte profile in Jersey x Sahiwal repeat breeder
cows
Kekan P. M. and Shirbhate R. N.
88
Post-41 Haematological studies in relation to age and sex in Deoni cattle
Deshpande S. D. and Sawant M. K.
88-89
Post-42 Assessment of mineral profile relationship of animals, soil, feeds and fodder in
the districts of Marathwada (MS) for improvement of livestock production
potential.
Deshpande S.D., S.M Wankhede Salve P.B., Koranne P.S. and Kanchi S.
89-90
Post-43 Serum enzymes and total proteins during pregnancy and lactation Red
Kandhari cows
Farkande S.D. and Deshpande S.D.
90
Post-44 Effect of Fenvalerate, Methyl Parathion and Biocholine on serum biochemical
attributes in commercial broilers
Kumar S., Shukla P.K. and Bhattacharyya A.
91
Post-45 Effect of maternal dietary manipulation and in ovo injection of nutrients on the
serum biochemical indices of neonate turkey poults
Bhattacharyya A., Majumdar S., Bhanja S. K., Mandal A. B. and Kadam M.M.
91-92
Post-46 Blood metabolites and mineral status in buffaloes suffering from digestive
disorders
Madan Jyotsana, Sindhu Sonia, Rose Manoj Kumar, Gupta Meenakshi and
Verma Ajay Kumar
92
Post-47 Effect of organic and inorganic zinc supplementation on the morphology of
testes in Assam goat (Capra hircus) kids
Devi Jonali, Goswami J., Sarmah B.C., Chakravarty P. and Sarma K.
92-93
Post-48 Study of changes in Haematological parameters during different lactations in
Toggenberg goats
Bhat Ishfaq Hassan, Devi Jonali and Kour K.
93
Post-49 Changes in certain serum biochemical profile from birth to ten months of age
in male Assam goat
Sarma Kamal, Kalita S.N., Devi Jonali and Chakravarty P.
94
Post-50 Studies of some biochemical parameters in Rambouillet sheep during seasonal
migration in Jammu region
Reothia A., Devi J., Koul A.L. and Kour K.
94
SESSION – 8
POSTER SESSION – II
Post-51 Comparison between basic physiological entities of hill cattle under field
conditions in two divisions of Uttarakhand
Pant Malini, Yadav Mrigakshi and Rastogi S.K.
95
Post-52 Biochemical characteristics of nondescript domestic Geese (Anser anser) at
different ages and sexes
Thavasiappan V., Visha P., Nanjappan K., and Anilkumar R.
95-96
Post-53 Effect of feeding synthetic Vitamin C and polyherbal feed premix
supplementation on stress hormones in broiler during hot summer
Sujatha V., Korde Jayant P., Rastogi Sunil K., Yadav Brijesh and Suresh. C
96
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
Post-54 Growth performance and blood biochemical profile of growing male pig
supplemented with different levels of zinc: copper
Mili Minakshi, Baruah Anubha, Bora A., Sarma S., Saikia Asish and Deka
Ilakshy
97
Post-55 Effect of herbal antistress product Ayucee® and synthetic Vitamin C on blood
biochemical profile in ameliorating heat stress in layer birds
Kulkarni Shrikant, Jadhav N.V., Waghmare P. G., Awati B. and Suranagi M.
D.
97-98
Post-56 Effect of management systems and seasons on semen freezability in
Jamunapari bucks
Ramachandran N., Singh N. P., Ranjan R., Gangwar Chetna and Goel A. K.
98-99
Post-57 In vitro production of meiotically competent oocytes (MII stage) by different
IVM protocols
Shankaraiah P., Swathi B., Arunakumari G., Srinivasa Prasad Ch. and Vishnu
Ch.
99
Post-58 Improvement in reproductive status of crossbred cows consequent to
supplementation of area specific mineral mixture
Jana Sonali, Verma M. S., Sharma K. B., Dogra P. K. and Kumar R.
99-100
Post-59 Evaluation of 5'- and 3' flanking regions construct of Buffalo Β-lactoglobulin
gene in mammary gland derived cell lines
Kotresh A.M., Kulkarni Shrikanth, Sharma Bhaskar and Wahal C.K.
100-101
Post-60 Comparative study of fetal bovine serum and estrus buffalo serum on in vitro
maturation of oocytes in buffalo
Puri Gopal, Chaudhary S.S., Sharma A.K., Singh V.K., Patel Pankaj, Odedara
Arjun and Siddique R.A.
101
Post-61 Effect of heat stress on Matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in dermal
fibroblast of Cattle and Murrah buffalo
Singh A.K., Upadhyay R.C., Singh S.V., Kumar S., Malakar D.
101-102
Post-62 Effect of COX-2 inhibitor (flunixine meglumine) on conception rate in
buffaloes using ovasynch synchronization protocol
Mishra Sanjay K., Singh Vijay and Saxena Atul
102
Post-63 Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on egg yolk cholesterol in Jabalpur
colour layer birds
Chauhan S.S., Jain N., Quadri M.A., Shakkarpude Jyotsana and Jain Archana
103
Post-64 Assessment of performance of lactating cattle through supplementation of
mineral mixture for three months after calving in Mandla district of M.P.
Sharma Pramod, Meshram Vishal and Suryawanshi V. S.
103-104
Post-65 Impact assessment of dairy related training in empowerment of rural masses
Singh Balwan
104
Post-66 Effect of environment on physical and biochemical characteristics related to
thyroidal hormones in Murrah buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) semen.
Singh Balwan
104
Post-67 Interaction of thyroxin with semen quality as affected by season in Murrah
buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis)
Singh Balwan
105
Post-68 Changes in physiological responses of Black Bengal bucks (Capra hircus)
under continuous thermal stress
Singh Manav, Mamta, Samad H.A. and Maurya V.P.
105-106
Post-69 Serum enzymes, biochemical and electrolyte profiling of native breeding bucks
(Capra hircus)
Mamta, Singh Manav and Maurya V.P.
106
Post-70 Seasonal variations in seminal plasma proteins of Bhadawari buffalo
Sharma Lokesh, Pandey Vijay, Nigam Rajesh, Singh Pawanjit, Saxena Atul
and Swain Dilip
106-107
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DUVASU, MATHURA SAPI 2013
Post-71 Haemato-biochemical alterations in cross bred cattle affected clinically with
bovine theilerosis in subtropical himalayan region
Sharma Devina, Katoch Ajay, Agnihotri R.K., Mittra S., Sharma Ankur and
Mandial R.K.
107
Post-72 Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in pregnant cow
with or without vaginal prolapse Mathura distt, India
Gangwar Chetna, Singh Shankar, Mukesh, Saxena Atul , Kumar Vijay and
Chaudhary Mahander
107-108
Post-73 Postnatal change of hematological parameters of Guinea fowl
Singh S.P., Singh I., Gangwar Chetna and Kumar Prabhakar
108
Post-74 Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of Tarai buffaloes under different lactation
stages
Begum Rizwana, Huozha R., Rastogi S. K. and Kumar Om
108-109
Post-75 Estrus induction and conception rate with single and double dose of PGF2α
in Jaffrabadi buffaloes
Ahlawat A.R., Ghodasara S.N., Dutta K.S., Gajbhiye P.U., Murthy K.S. and
Savaliya K.B.
109
Post-76 LH, IGF-1, and EGF stimulate progesterone secretion and survivability in
cultured bubaline luteal cells
Chouhan V.S., Dangi S.S., Singh
G. and Sarkar M.
109-110
Post-77 The in vitro effect of osteopontin on sperm capacitation of water buffalo
(Bubalus bubalis) bulls
Kumari Manisha, Kumar Pradeep, Kumar D., Yadav S. P., Balhara A. K. and
Yadav P. S.
110
Post-78 Vocalization a reflector of developmental stages of dairy animals
Singh Yajuvendra, Sirohi R., Singh D.N. and Yadav Archana
110-111
Post-79 Effect of prilled Fat on metabolic adjustments in dry matter intake, body
weight, metabolites and milk production performance in Murrah buffaloes
during early lactation
Singh Sukhjinderjit, Sehgal J. P., Singh Mahendra and Rajesh G.
111
Post-80 Immunological and molecular characterization of buffalo embryonic stem cells
Balamurugan T. C., Puri Gopal, Ranjan Ravi, Perumal P., Bag Sadhan., Das
B.C. and Majumdar A. C.
111-112
Post-81 Evolving a totipotent stem cell marker
Balamurugan T. C., Puri Gopal, Ranjan Ravi, Perumal P., Bag Sadhan., Das
B.C. and Majumdar A. C.
112
Post-82 Effect of T-2 Toxin (Trichothecenes) on haematological and oxidative stress
parameters in goats
Shivasharanappa N., Sharma A. K., Singh R., Kataria M., Dandpat S., Telong
A. G., Gupta V. K. and Sharma Nitika
112-113
Post-83 A study to evaluate effect of cryoprocessing on percent abnormal spermatozoa
in Barbari buck semen
Baghel G., Yadav S., Anand M., Yadav B., Madan A. K., and Kumar J.
113
Post-84 Changes in biometrics of uteri and foetuses during gestation in ewe
Anitha A. and Thangavel A.
114
Post-85 Biochemical profile of ovine foetal fluids
Anitha A. and Thangavel A.
114-115
Post-86 A study to evaluate change in semen quality of Barbari buck during sequential
steps involved in semen cryopreservation
Baghel G., Yadav S., Yadav B., Madan A. K., Anand M., and Kumar J.
115
Post-87 Capacitation like changes in cryopreserved Barbari buck semen centrifuged
and diluted with semen extender containing 20% egg yolk
Baghel G., Yadav S., Anand M., Kumar J. and Yadav B.
115-116
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Post-88 Seminal attributes of freshly ejaculated neat semen of Bhadawari bulls reared
for breeding
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Anand M., Yadav S., Kumar J. and Yadav B.
116
Post-89 Effect of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and their combination on quality of
cryopreserved semen.
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Yadav S., Kumar J., Yadav B. and Anand M.
116-117
Post-90 A study to evaluate the change in the percent abnormal spermatozoa during
different steps involved in cryopreservation
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Anand M., Yadav B., and Saxena Atul
117
Post-91 Study of hematological changes in cases of Theileriosis in cattle
Kumar Vijay, Singh D. K., Pathak S., Singh Uttam, Singh Renu and Chaudhary
M.K.
118
Post-92 Evaluation of nutritional status of Indian water buffaloes with subclinical
mastitis
Singh Krishna Veer, Singh Shanker K., Srivastava Mukesh, Srivastava Ashish
and Tripathi Arvind
118
Post-93 Hematological changes in Rats caused by Cypermethrin induced toxicity
Singh Renu, Singh Uttam, Gangwar Neeraj, Yadav Raghvender and Srivastava
A.K.
118-119
Post-94 Estrus induction in bitch using prolactin inhibitor -Cabergoline (Camforte)
Patel Akhil, Yadav Sanjay Singh, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant, Sachan
Vikas, Sonker Vipin, Kumar Brijesh, Kumar Anuj and Saxena Atul
119
Post-95 Medicinal treatment of pyometra in bitch using Cabergoline (prolactin
inhibitor): A case report
Yadav Dushyant, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Sanjay Singh, Patel Akhil, Sachan
Vikas, Sonker Vipin, Kumar Anuj and Saxena Atul
119-120
Post-96 Effect of egg yolk concentrations on membrane integrity of cryopreserved
Hariana bull semen extended in Tris based extender
Sachan Vikas, Saxena Atul, Mishra Sanjay, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant
and Kumar Anuj
120-121
Post-97 Effect of glycerol concentrations on acrosomal integrity of cryopreserved
Hariana bull semen extended in Tris based extender
Sachan Vikas, Saxena Atul, Mishra Sanjay, Patel Akhil, Yadav Sanjay S. and
Singh Vijay
121
Post-98 Seminal characteristics of Hariana bulls
Sachan Vikas, Saxena Atul, Mishra Sanjay, Yadav Dushyant and Yadav Sanjay S.
122
Post-99 Water splashing and roof thatching for heat stress management
Sirohi R., Singh D.N., Singh Yajuvendra and Yadav R.S.
122-123
Post-100 Management of follicular cyst in buffaloes using CIDR
Yadav Sanjay Singh, Patel Akhil, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant, Sachan
Vikas and Saxena Atul
123
Post-101 Successful medicinal treatment of pyometra using cabergoline and PGF2Α: A
case report
Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant, Yadav Sanjay Singh, Patel Akhil and
Saxena Atul
123-124
SESSION – 9
POULTRY, FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE PHYSIOLOGY
PFWP-01 Efficacy of dietary phytoestrogens, feed restriction and their interaction on
reproductive parameters of broiler pullets
Madnurkar A.D., Shinde A.S., Chouhan L., Mohan J. and Moudgal R.P.
125
PFWP-02 Antioxidant enzyme status in broiler chicks: Role of dietary supplementation
of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum and Selenium
Leela V., Varaprasad Reddy L. S. S, Suganya G., Loganathasamy K. and
Devaraj C.
125-126
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PFWP-03 Examine fertility in fertile period in Kadaknath chicken using different semen
extenders
Shinde A.S., Mohan J., Singh R.P., Chouhan L. and Sastry KVH
126
PFWP-04 Studies on performance traits of guinea fowls fed Neem (Azadirachta indica)
leaf powder
Singh M. K., Singh S. K., Singh D. V., Sharma R. K., Singh Brijesh, Palod J.,
Kumar Shive, Barwal R. S., Kumar Anil and Singh C. B.
126-127
PFWP-05 Egglay and subsequent reproductive performance of white leg horn chickens
subjected to different parts of light spectrum
Reddy I. J., Ravi Kiran G., and Mondal S.
127
PFWP-06 Effect of addition of Taurine on the liquid storage (5oC) of Mithun (Bos
frontalis) semen
Perumal P., Vupru K., Khate K., and Rajkhowa C.
127-128
PFWP-07 Effects of different concentration of glycerol and method of addition on
apoptosis in fresh and cryopreserved Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen
Bora Bhaskar, Baruah K. K., Savino N., Dhali A., Mondal M., Mukherjee A.,
Rajkhowa C. and Perumal P.
128
PFWP-08 Plasma biochemical profile of Emu chicks
Suganya G., Leela V., P. Gnanaraj Tensingh, Richard Jagatheesan P.N. and
Paramasivam A.
128-129
PFWP-09 Comparative performance of broiler chicken reared under different temperature
and humidity levels using automated environment control chamber facility for
poultry during summer season
Vasanthakumar P., Chandrasekaran D., Kathirvalan C., B Pangayarselvi.,
Sasikumar P., Purushothaman M.R. and Senthilkumar S.
129
PFWP-10 Heat ameliorating and immunomodulatory properties of AV/LAP/19 in broilers
chickens
Limsay R., Jangde C. R., Ravikanth K., Thakur A. and Maini S.
129-130
PFWP-11 Blood biochemical profile of hilly Pig “Zovawk Pig” of Mizoram
Prava M., Tolenkhomba T.C., Ali M.A., Saikia P. and Singh N. Shyamsana
130
PFWP-12 Studies on some haematological, biochemical and mineral profile of Rhode
Island Red (RIR) laying birds reared at backyard in different agroclimatic
zones of West Bengal
Pandiyan Guru. D. V., Maity S., Das P. K, Ghosh P. R., Sanyal S and Gogoi S. J.
131
PFWP-13 Effect of poly herbal liver tonic on the biochemical indices of commercial
layers during late stage of production
Shukla P.K. and Bhattacharyya A
131-132
PFWP-14 Maternal dietary manipulation and vaccination on serum biochemical indices
of day old turkey poults
Bhattacharyya A., Majumdar S., Bhanja S. K., Mandal A. B. and Dash B. B.
132
PFWP-15 Production performances and antioxidant status of Rhode Island Red (RIR)
laying birds reared at backyard in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal
during summer
Maity S., Ghosh P. R., Das P. K, Sanyal S, Pandiyan G. D. V., Das K., Gogoi
S. J., Banerjee D. and Mukherjee J.
132-133
PFWP-16 Physiological characteristics of nondescript domestic Geese (Anser anser) at
different ages and sexes
Thavasiappan V., Visha P., Nanjappan K., and Anilkumar R.
133-134
PFWP-17 Incubation temperature affects expression of nutrient transporter genes in
Japanese Quail
Rashid Azhar, Tyagi J.S., Sharma Sanjeev Kumar, Sirajudeen M., Jag Mohan,
Singh R.P., Narayan Raj, Mehra Manish and Goel Akshat
134
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SESSION – 10
TEACHING VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
TVPP-01 Veterinary Physiology: A strong pillar in veterinary education
Jain Archana and Shakkar Jyotsana
135
TVPP-02 Teaching Veterinary Physiology: Practical Aspect
Pareek Sunita
136
SESSION – 11
YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD SESSION
YSA-01 Evaluation of stem cell therapy on ovaries of anestrus buffaloes
Mundekar A. S., Ingole S. D., Bhartiya D. V., Patel H. R., Gulavne S. U.,
Nagvekar A. S., Bharucha S. V., Bakshi S. A and Pawshe C. H.
137
YSA-02 Electrophysiological evaluation of parentral anaesthesia in goats
Yadav Mrigakshi, Rastogi S.K., Huozha R. and Kumar Sudhir
137-138
YSA-03 Effect of different dietary energy levels on physiobiochemical changes and
expression profile of leptin in Goat (Capra hircus)
Hyder I., Ramesh K., Sharma S., Uniyal S., Yadav V. P., Maurya V. P., Singh
G. and Sarkar M.
138
YSA-04 Wound healing potential of canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem
cell conditioned media in diabetic rats
Matin Ansari Mohd, Sreekumar T.R., Chandra Vikash, Dubey Pawan K.,
Kumar G. Sai, Amarpal and Sharma G. Taru
139
YSA-05 Plasmid vector based generation of transgenic mesenchymal stem cells with
stable expression of reporter gene in caprine
Kumar Manish, Singh Renu, Agarwal Pranjali, Kumar Kuldeep, Mahapatra P.
S., Das B. C. and Bag Sadhan
139-140
YSA-06 Supplementation of chromium propionate for alleviation of stress in Sahiwal
calves during summer and winter season
Kumar Suresh and Singh S.V.
140
YSA-07 Seasonal variation in expression pattern of genes under HSP70 family in heat
and cold adapted goats (Capra hircus)
Banerjee Dipak, Upadhyay Ramesh C., Chaudhary Umesh B., Kumar
Ravindra, Singh Sohanvir, Ashutosh, Gali Jagan M., Polley Shamik,
Mukherjee Ayan, Das Tapan K. and De Sachinandan
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YSA-08 Difference in the relative expression of skin color genes in indigenous and
crossbred cattle during summer and winter season
Maibam Uttarani, Singh S.V., Upadhyay R.C., Singh A.K, Kumar Suresh and
Beenam
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CCSB 01 Growth, physiological and blood profile of male Purnathadi Buffalo calves in
summer
Dhenge S. A., Kuralkar Prajkta and Nagre S.M.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola,
Maharashtra
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was planned to determine the growth, physiological and
haematological profile of growing male Purnathadi buffalo calves in summer. The
present study was carried out at Purnathadi buffalo Research Farm, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola (Maharashtra) in the summer months
of March to May, 2013. The total six apparently healthy growing male buffalo calves
were selected and observations for growth, physiological and haematological parameters
were recorded fortnightly during study. Growth profile values of initial body weight (kg),
final body weight (kg), average body weight (kg) and daily weight gain (kg) were
55.02±7.00, 68.47±7.51, 62.23±2.44, 0.18±0.03 respectively,. Physiological profile
values of rectal temperature (0C), respiration rate (breaths/minute), pulse rate
(beats/minute) and heart rate (beats/minute) were 38.58±0.03, 43.28±1.55, 56.39±0.97
and 54.81±0.96 respectively, and haematological profile values of haemoglobin (gm/dl)
and packed cell volume (%) were 11.17±0.16 and 34.39±0.91 respectively, in summer of
growing male Purnathadi buffalo calves. In conclusion, the present study determined the
growth, physiological and haematological profile of growing male Purnathadi buffalo
calves in summer and as compared with the previous reports, growth was impaired very
severely whereas haematological and physiological parameters did not affected except,
respiration rate increased in summer. Therefore, adequate shelter and proper feeding
practices should be provided for growing male Purnathadi buffalo calves in Vidarbha
region of Maharashtra State for better performance in summer.
CCSB 02 In vitro effect of radiofrequency on HSP70 gene expression of birds
Das P. K., Jana C., Thulasiraman P., Ghosh P. R., Joardar S. N., Pandiyan G. D. V.,
Mukherjee J., Maity S. and Sanyal S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 68, K. B.
Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Poultry birds, under free range system of management are a good biological indicator for
low-intensity Electro-Magnetic Frequency radiations (EMF-r) for their vulnerability to
EMF-r. With the aim of assessing the in vitro effect of radio frequency (RF) exposure on
cellular stress, two rural breeds [one best adopted exotic breed-Rhode Island Red (RIR)
and one indigenous breed-Haringhata Black (HB)] were considered for the present study.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), obtained from six healthy birds of each
breed, were used for expression of hsp70 gene by reverse transcription- polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Prior to the experiment, the PBMC were cultured into tissue
culture plates in duplicates under bio-safety cabinet for radiofrequency exposure. The
plates were exposed to 850 and 1200 MHz radiofrequency field from a standard mobile
phone separately along with a power analyzer (SAR 1.7 W / Kg) for 5 minutes, 25
minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes. The common trend of the HSP70 gene expression
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in RIR and HB breed of birds were observed upon 850 RF exposures from 25 minutes
onward. The results showed that upon 1200 MHz RF post exposure, hsp70 gene
expression occurred at 25 minutes onward in HB breed birds and 60 minutes post
exposure in case of RIR bird. It may be concluded that, lower radiofrequency (850 MHz)
emitted by mobile phone poses more stressful effect than the higher radiofrequency
(1200 MHz) on in vitro exposed cells in both the breeds as indicated by expression of
hsp70 gene.
CCSB 03 Effect of heat stress on regulation of BAX, BCL-2 and Caspase-3 mRNAs in
PBMC of Transition Karan Fries cows.
Somal Anjali and Aggarwal Anjali
Dairy Cattle Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Heat stress is a combination of environmental conditions when the effective
environmental temperature is higher than the temperature range of animal‟s
thermoneutral zone and is important factor influencing the reproduction and production
of animals. Keeping this in mind the present study was conducted where twelve pregnant
dry cows (transition cows) were selected at 15 days prepartum from the Livestock
Research Centre of National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. The experiment was
divided into two parts. Experiment-I (thermoneutral conditions) and Experiment–II
(summer season) were carried out on 6 cows each when the average maximum and
minimum temperatures were 16.5˚C and 8.3˚C and 34.2˚C and 21.4˚C, respectively.
Blood samples were collected on -15, 0 and +15 days with respect to calving where day
„0‟ represents the day of
calving. The PBMC were separated for the gene expression
study and expression level of Caspase-3, BAX and BCL-2 mRNAs were analysed. The
Caspase-3 mRNA expression increased significantly (P<0.0001) on day of calving
during both conditions. There was significant (P<0.01) upregulation of Caspase-3 and the
ratio of BAX/BCL-2 was significantly (P<0.01) in higher in all periods in summer when
compared with thermoneutral conditions, respectively. It can be concluded that
upregulation of Caspase-3 (proapoptotic genes), BAX/ BCL-2 ratio (apoptosis indicator)
on the day of calving indicates higher cell loss, cellular senescence or apoptosis of
PBMC which were further aggravated by thermal stress.
CCSB 04 Effect of seasonal variation on post-thaw sperm kinematics of Murrah
buffalo breeding bulls
Nitharwal K., Singh P., Kumar P., Kumar A., Gupta A.K. and Bhakat M.
Artificial Breeding Research Institute, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted at Artificial Breeding Research Centre, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana,
to assess post-thaw sperm functions of Murrah buffalo bull semen, frozen during various
seasons. The objectives of the present investigation was to determine seasonal influences
on sperm kinematics viz., motion characteristics of spermatozoa of six healthy Murrah
buffalo bulls, frozen during various seasons. Semen frozen during winter, spring,
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summer and rainy seasons of these bulls was thawed and evaluated for sperm kinematics
viz. post-thaw motility, progressive motility, rapid motility, average path velocity (VAP),
straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head
displacement (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR) etc.
assessed by computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). Results revealed that the post-
thaw sperm motility estimates in winter, spring, summer and rainy seasons were
61.00±4.70, 54.00±1.65, and 45.71±2.76 and 50.64±1.61 per cent, respectively. The
values were also higher for VAP (118.50±5.46 μm/sec), VSL (98.41±5.97 μm/sec), VCL
(224.54±11.69 μm/sec), BCF (34.70±0.50 Hz), LIN (46.00±2.21%) and STR
(82.00±2.21%) and lower for ALH (8.30±0.28 μm) in winter season. However, the
analysis of variance revealed that the seasonal variations in post-thaw sperm CASA
parameters viz., VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, LIN and STR were not found to be
statistically significant for semen frozen during different seasons. Among all CASA
parameters, only post-thaw motility varied significantly (P< 0.05) across different
seasons. From the present findings it could be concluded that the winter season is
favourable for higher post thaw sperm motility of buffalo bulls.
CCSB 05 Studies on interrelationship between temperature humidity index and
physiological parameters in growing swamp Buffalo calves
Saikia T.K., Goswami J., Sarmah B.C., Sarmah B.K., Biswas R.K., Das G.C., Borah R.S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Assam
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted at the ICAR sponsored “Network Project on Swamp Buffalo”,
College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22
in pre-monsoon (March-May) and monsoon (June-August) seasons. Ten (10) nos. of
swamp buffalo calves were selected irrespective of sex and divided into two groups
comprising of 5 animals each. In group I, the animals were 6 to 12 months of age and in
group II, animals were more than 12 to 18 months of age. The physiological parameters
that are related to thermal stress viz. body temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate
were recorded twice daily for a period of 6 months for 3 consecutive days in a week in
each calf at 7 A.M. and 3.30 P.M. The maximum rectal temperature of 103F was
recorded in the evening hour during monsoon months. The pulse rate ranged from 55 to
62 per minute in the pre-monsoon months in comparison with to 57 to 65 per minute in
the monsoon months. The lowest mean respiration rate was recorded as 17.0 ± 0.31 and
the highest mean respiration rate was found to be 18.8 ± 0.41 per minute in the pre-
monsoon months. Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was calculated for the entire
period of study using the data obtained from the Automatic Weather Station of Assam
Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati-22. The
average Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) of different months in the place of study was
found to be 74.72, 76.75, 77.00, 78.00, 78.25 and 78.55 for the months of March, April,
May, June, July and August, respectively. The present experiment revealed that there
was a positive correlation between THI and physiological parameters. The body
temperature showed strong correlation with THI in comparison to pulse rate as well as
respiration rate.
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CCSB 06 Expression profile of HSP70 gene during different seasons in Tarai buffaloes
Manjari P., Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Kumar Sudhir, Uniyal S. and Gupta Anil
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
GBPUAT, Pantnagar, UK
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Heat stress had been a constant challenge to buffalo rearing under tropical climate as more
chance exists for exposure to solar radiation for most of the day while grazing with
exaggeration by nutritional constraints. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a ubiquitous
class of highly conserved proteins that contribute to cell survival by reducing the
accumulation of damaged or abnormal polypeptides within cells. The present study has
demonstrated the expression of HSP70 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
during different seasons in Tarai buffaloes. Eight blood samples were collected each from
healthy, non-lactating and non-pregnant Tarai buffalo above two years of age, once in the
month of January (THI<72) and in the month of April (THI>72). Eight blood samples were
also collected during November (THI=72) to be used as calibrator/control. Real-time PCR
was applied to investigate mRNA expression of HSP70. Specificity of the desired product
was documented using analysis of melting temperature and high resolution gel
electrophoresis to verify that the transcripts are of exact molecular size as predicted. The
relative expression values of HSP70 in Tarai buffalo during summer was found significantly
higher (P<0.05) during summer season as compared to winter season. To conclude, the
results demonstrate that (i) HSP70 gene is expressed in bovine PBMCs and (ii) Higher
expression of HSPs during thermal stress suggests possible involvement of these to
ameliorate deleterious effect of thermal stress as to maintain cellular integrity and
homeostasis in Tarai buffaloes.
CCSB 07 Effect of cooling during heat stress on blood gas and acid-base balance in
late gestation period of Murrah buffaloes
Aarif Ovais, Aggarwal Anjali and Uphadya R C
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of evaporative cooling system during heat stress
on blood gas and acid base balance of murrah buffaloes. To investigate this study
eighteen healthy pregnant dry murrah buffaloes (second to fourth parity) at sixty days
prepartum were selected in the months of May to Juneand divided into two groups of
nine animals each. Group 1 buffaloes remained as control without provision of cooling
and second group was managed under cooling during the dry period. Blood samples were
collected on day -60, -45, -30, -15, 0, with respect to days of parturition and analysed by
blood gas analyzer. Blood PH and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) were significantly
(P<0.01) higher in heat stressed group as compared to the cooled group. Partial pressure
of CO2 (PCO2), total CO2 (TCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), standard bicarbonate (SBC), base
excess in extracellular fluid (BEecf), base excess in blood (BEb), PCV and Hb were
significantly (P<0.01) higher in cooled group as compared to non-cooled group. Heat
stress brings severe changes in blood gas and acid base balance in the body affecting
animal‟s health and in turn production. Cooling is an efficient mechanism in alleviating
heat stress and in turn brings bodies blood gas and acid base balance to normal.
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CCSB 08 Behavioural and chemical changes produced due to stress associated with
weaning in calf
Rai M, Rai R, Dalai N & Shekhar S
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Weaning or separating calf from dam dependency of offspring involves complete mother
for nutritional and social-cause to totally independent existence. This transition is
understood to occur gradually as availability of milk from the mother decline of intake of
social food along with social independence. The pressure of weaning is associated with
ovart behavioural changes such as increased vocalization and locomotor activity. Studies
have shown that hormonal indicators of stress are evident post-weaning like ACTH,
cortisolone increases, additionally Adrenaline, Nor-adrenaline also increases. TLC is also
raised following social disruption of herd. Biomarkers of altered nutritional status been
examined in cattle. Altered protein metabolism is evidenced by changes in circulating
concentration of total protein and its constituents, albumin and globulin and
concentration of urea. Though following weaning concentration of total protein and urea
returned to normal. Increased energy metabolism, a hallmark of the stress response as
body diverts energy from processes of a lesser priority to processes required to react to
the stress or is evidenced by alteration to concentration of glucose.
CCSB 09 Expression of genes related to skin colour and their relationship with the
physiological responses and cortisol hormone in Tharparkar cattle during
summer and winter season
Maibam Uttarani, Singh S.V., Upadhyay R.C., Hooda O.K., Beenam and Kumar
Suresh
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In order to observe the expression of the genes (MC1R and PMEL) and activity of the
enzyme (tyrosinase) related to skin pigmentation, study was conducted on Tharparkar
heifers. Blood samples were collected from Tharparkar heifers (2-3 years) during
summer (Tmax, 36.4ºC) and winter (Tmin, 4.1 ºC) season at weekly interval. Just after blood
collection, samples were transferred to the laboratory for lymphocytes separation and
isolation of RNA. The RNA samples were further processed for cDNA preparation from
which the relative mRNA expression of the genes were quantified using RT-PCR. The
tyrosinase activity was determined in plasma samples using Bovine tyrosinase ELISA
kit. The relative MC1R and PMEL mRNA expression in Tharparkar heifers were found
to be significantly (P<0.05) higher during winter than summer season. Similarly, the
activity of tyrosinase enzyme was also found significantly (P<0.05) higher during winter
season. Physiological responses (respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature and skin
temperature) were found to be significantly higher during summer than winter season.
The plasma levels of stress hormone (cortisol) was also significantly (P<0.05) higher
during summer than winter season. Physiological parameters and cortisol showed
negative correlation with the skin colour related genes and tyrosinase enzyme activity.
The results of the present study clearly showed the significant difference in the
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expression levels of skin colour related genes (MC1R and PMEL) and tyrosinase activity
during the two seasons. Therefore, it can be stated that these genes and tyrosinase activity
is related to adaptability of Tharparkar cattle to different ambient conditions.
CCSB 10 Blood biochemical response of Alpine X Beetal kids to thermal and exercise
stress
Hooda O. K., Singh S. V. and Upadhyay R. C.
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Blood biochemical, serum electrolytes and plasma enzymes were studied in Alpine x
Beetal kids subjected to thermal and exercise stress in a climatic chamber. Twelve male
kids of 3-4 months of age and similar body weights were divided into two groups of six
animals each. Group- I was made to walk on a treadmill for one hour and exposed at 40,
42 and 44oC in a climatic chamber. Group-II served as control and kept in goat pens
where temperature varied from 20-24oC and relative humidity between 35-40%. Serum
electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride concentration decreased significantly
(P<0.05) after exercise and thermal exposure. The levels of electrolytes in group-I were
significantly lower than group-II. Blood glucose, serum total protein, albumin and
globulin concentration decreased due to exercise and thermal stress in group-I and their
levels were significantly lower in group-I than group-II. The levels of SGOT and SGPT
increased significantly in group-I after exposure to thermal and exercise stress and their
activities were significantly higher in group-I than group -II. The levels of alkaline
phosphatase and acid phosphatase decreased significantly in group-I due to exercise and
thermal stress and their levels were lower in group-I compared to control group-II. The
study indicated that there were significant deviations in the levels of blood biochemical
which might be due to a metabolic shift in the stressed animals to cope with the imposed
stress.
CCSB 11 Biochemical and hormonal acclimation to severe thermal stress in crossbred
cattle
Yadav Brijesh and Singh Gynendra
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted to assess the biochemical and hormonal acclimation to thermal
stress in crossbred cattle. In the experiment four dry crossbred cattle were exposed to
400C temperature with relative humidity of 40-50% in psychrometric chamber for 5
hours/day from 10:00 to 15:00 hours for 21 days. The blood samples were collected at
10:00 (before exposure) and 15:00 (after exposure) hours on 1st, 6
th, 11
th, 16
th and 21
st
days and serum was harvested for biochemical and hormonal analysis. The body weight
of the animals was recorded before and after completion of thermal exposure. The body
weight of the animals decreased significantly (P<0.05) on thermal exposure. Serum
LDH, ALT and AST activity increased whereas AKP activity decreased significantly
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(P<0.05) after thermal exposure as compared to before however, LDH, AST and ALT
activity decreased progressively to reach its pre-stress levels at the end of the experiment,
indicating an acclimatory response. The serum SOD activity reached its nadir however,
after an initial rise in serum ROS levels, it recuperated to its normal pre-stress level at the
end of the experiment. Serum urea increased significantly (P<0.05) after thermal stress
and a progressive decline in serum protein and triglyceride level was observed after an
initial rise. The serum T3 and T4 showed significant (P<0.05) decrease whereas serum
cortisol showed significant (P<0.05) increase initially after thermal exposure however T4
level reached its pre-stress levels at the end the experiment but on the contrary the T3
level decreased progressively, and cortisol decreased along the length of the experiment
after an initial rise indicating acclimation to thermal stress. It can be concluded that even
at severe thermal stress at 400
in crossbred cattle, acclimatory mechanisms prevailed
although it varied in its intensity and response depending on the biochemical and
endocrine homeostatic/telophoretic processes.
CCSB 12 Effect of chromium propionate supplementation on thermal stress alleviation
in Sahiwal calves
Kumar Suresh, Singh S.V., Upadhyay R.C., Hooda O.K., Singh A.K., Maibam
Uttarani, Chaudhari Bijay Kumar and Baliyan Beenam
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present investigation was carried out to study the levels of thermal stress alleviation
and immune modulation in Sahiwal calves. Twelve Sahiwal calves were selected from
the NDRI herd, on the basis of their body weight and age. These animals were further
divided equally (6 each) into two groups i.e. control (without Chromium propionate) and
treatment group (Chromium propionate supplementation @ 0.5mg/kg dry matter intake
/day). Both the groups of calves were exposed in a climatic chamber (42±1°C and
50±2%RH) for a period of 4 hours daily continuously for 7 days. Blood samples were
collected prior to exposure, after 2 hour of exposure and after end of 4 hour of exposure
on day1 and day7. The physiological responses viz. RT, ST, PR and RR were found to be
lower in treatment group compared to control group of Sahiwal calves. There were no
significant changes in NEFA and glucose levels after exposure to climatic chamber in
both of the groups. Mean values of insulin and cortisol increased significantly (p<0.01)
in both groups at 2 and 4 hours of exposure. The magnitude of increase in cortisol
hormone was higher in control compared to treatment group. The enzymatic activity of
CAT, SOD, TBARS and GPx varied during different heat exposure conditions in both
the groups. The GR activity was significantly (p<0.01) higher in control compared to
treatment group. The immunological parameters (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α) were not
significant between groups. The overall values of both the groups did not differed
significantly. The body weight and DMI were higher in treatment compared to control
group. Based on the results it can be stated that chromium supplementation in Sahiwal
calves helped in alleviation of thermal stress, immune modulation and better growth
performance.
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CCSB 13 Evaluation of body antioxidant indices and their relationship with different
phenotypic traits of three different breeds of goats (Capra hircus) at high
altitude
Kumar Prabhat, Bharti Vijay K., Charan Guru, Kumar K., Ballewar V.R., Srivastava
R. B.
Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), DRDO, C/o-
56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, J&K
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Both survivability and productivity of animals are affected by the severe cold and
hypobaric-hypoxic conditions which prevail around the year at high altitude. Hence,
selection of adapted (high altitude resistant) animals including goats is most important
for their rearing at high altitude for optimum productivity and better farm returns.
Therefore, we need to evaluate their body antioxidant status and their relationship with
different phenotypic traits at age of selection to know the effect of high altitude on
different antioxidant parameters, body weight, and to select high altitude resistant
animals for further breeding and propagation. For this we selected nine adult female from
each group viz. Native Changthangi breed, Sirohi breed of goat, and crossbred/hybrid
goat (Changthangi x Sirohi), as these animals have better potential for meat production at
high altitude. Thereafter, morphological traits viz. body length, height, and girth; horn
length, ear length, tail length, and body weight were measured at 330 days. Whole blood
was also taken to evaluate different body antioxidant indices. Lipid peroxidation (MDA)
and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly (p<0.05) lower in hybrid goat than native
Changthangi and low Lander Sirohi goats. Whereas, body weight, catalase, reduced
glutathione, β-carotene, total antioxidant capacity, and free radical scavenging ability
(DPPH % inhibition) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in hybrid goat as compared to
Changthangi and Sirohi goats. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson‟s
correlation analysis indicated significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) relationship between the
phenotypic traits and different antioxidant indices in all the groups of goats. Hence, this
study elucidated the importance of antioxidant indices along with phenotypic traits as
selection aid of goats at high altitude. Our study also indicated the adverse effect of high
altitude on body antioxidant status of goats and better performance of crossbred (hybrid)
goats to high altitude condition.
CCSB 14 Effect of thermal stress on some enzyme activities in Beetal and Toggenberg
goats
Kour Sumeet, Devi J., Kour K. and Chakravorty D.
Division of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, FVSci.& A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The influence of thermal stress (heat and cold stress) on hormonal parameters in relation
to thyroid activity were studied in Beetal and Toggenberg goats. A total of 36 healthy
adult female (2-4 years of age) Beetal (n=18) and Toggenberg (n=18) goats were
selected. Blood samples were collected from all the animals in summer, autumn and
winter seasons and analyzed for different enzyme activities. For the season and the breed
interactions, in between the breeds, significantly higher enzyme activities (AST, ALT
and ALP) were found in Toggenberg goats in all seasons as compared to Beetal. When
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the AST and ALP values were considered separately in Beetal and Toggenberg goats in
different seasons, significantly higher values were found in summer followed by autumn
than those of winter season in both the breeds. Irrespective of breed, in between three
different seasons, AST and ALP activities in summer was significantly higher (P<0.01)
than those of other two seasons. In between three different seasons, irrespective of the
breed, ALT activity was significantly higher (P<0.01) in winter than those of other two
seasons. Thyroid hormone had a significant negative correlation with serum AST and
ALP activities.
CCSB 15 Sahiwal cows during hot dry and hot humid environments: Changes in
physiohematological and hormonal parameter in lactating
Pandey A.K., Khan J.R. and Chandrakar Khushboo
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora,
Durg, CG
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The experiment was conducted on 10 Sahiwal cows and the environmental condition was
divided as hot dry and hot humid conditions. The study was undertaken during hot dry
and hot humid conditions from May to July covering the hot dry and hot humid
environmental conditions. The mean morning temperature during hot dry period was
36.41±0.91 ° C and the evening temperature was 42.55±0.45 ° C with a range of 40-48°c.
The average relative humidity was38 %. The Temperature Humidity Index was 85.35
during hot dry period and 86.20 during hot humid environment. There was a significant
difference between morning and evening during both hot dry and hot humid conditions.
During hot dry period there was a significant (P <0.01) increase in the respiratory rate.
However there was no significant change in respiration during hot humid condition. The
pulse rate in hot dry period was significantly higher during evening as compared to
morning 70.1 Vs 59-83 per minute. However no significant difference was observed
during hot humid condition. The heart rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) during hot
humid condition in the evening compared to the morning. There was significantly higher
(P<0.01) rectal temperature during hot dry period. The hemoglobin concentration was
significantly lower (P<0.05) in compared to hot dry condition. The PCV was
significantly higher (P<0.01) in the evening compared to morning during hot dry period.
There was no significant difference in TEC count. The TLC count was significantly
higher during hot dry condition in evening compared to the morning 6160 Vs 5938 per
cu. mm. There was no significant difference in T3 concentration in the morning and
evening in hot dry condition however a significant (P<0.01) difference was observed in
between two seasons 1.24 Vs 0.94. The T4 concentration was also significantly higher
during hot humid condition in morning compared to hot dry condition.the insulin
concentration was higher4 during hot dry condition compared to hot humid condition.
The study shows that heat stress depressed direct thyroid activity and hematological
profile in Sahiwal cows. Also show variation in Total Leucocytic count in hot humid
environment.
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CCSB 16 Study on diaphoretic rate vis-a-vis body condition score in Surti buffaloes
during hot and humid climate
Singh Virendra Kumar, Chaudhary Sandhya S., Puri Gopal, Sharma A.K., Siddique
R.A., Patel M.D. and Singh Rana Ranjeet
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal
Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, MS
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The importance of evaporative thermolysis, mainly sweating rate, for heat tolerance has
been stressed by several researchers. Hot and humid climate of South Gujarat elicits
sweating which is an important thermoregulatory measure at high ambient temperature.
Sweating pattern is affected by subcutaneous adipose tissue wherein its deposition and
amount is reflected in body condition score of the animals. The present study was
conducted on 2 groups of Surti buffalo (n = 6) exposed to 2 different conditions of
temperature humidity index (Group I: THI1 =82.36 and Group II: THI2 = 86.74). Apart
from scoring the body condition of each animal, parameters like rectal temperature, heart
rate, respiration rate and sweating rate of selected regions of the body were measured. At
THI1 =82.36 and THI2 = 86.74, mean values of measured parameters were: heart rate
(per minute) 73 ± 1.52, 79.67 ± 1.58; respiration rate (per minute) 36.67 ± 1.52, 52.67 ±
1.43; rectal temperature (oF) 100.16 ± 0.12, 100.40 ± 0.08; sweating rate (gm/m
2.hr)
25.72 ± 0.55, 29.9356 ± 0.74 and body condition score (BCS) 2.58 ± 0.08, 2.83 ± 0.10
respectively. Significant rise in heart and respiration rate (P<0.01) and slight non-
significant increase in rectal temperature was seen. Even though a higher BCS showed
significant increase in sweating rate (P<0.01) at higher THI, it still needs to be elucidated
whether this increase in sweating rate is solely due to rise in THI or as a compensatory
rise due to lack of any other peripheral cooling mechanism owing to higher subcutaneous
fat.
CCSB 17 Variation in hematological and biochemical parameters vis-a-vis season in
Surti buffaloes
Chaudhary Sandhya S., Singh V.K., Siddique R.A., Sharma Arun, Puri Gopal, Patel
M.D., Upadhayay R.C. and Odedara Arjun
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal
Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, MS
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Buffaloes thrive in diverse geographical conditions where the temperature in summer
may raise up to 46°C and in winter may fall up to 4°C. Since buffaloes are shade and
water loving animals, they exhibit signs of heat stress when exposed to solar radiations.
Most of the studies have been conducted on effect of direct solar radiations on buffaloes
while there are very few studies in relation to the microenvironment in which the animals
are confined. Therefore, the present study was conducted on 10 buffaloes in summer and
winter season under NICRA project. These animals were maintained in pucca shed at
Livestock Research Station, NAU, Navsari. The maximum and minimum temperature
during winter was 35.3°C and 9.4°C while during summer it was 39.7°C and 19.4°C
respectively. Blood samples in K3 EDTA and heparin were collected and analyzed for
haematological and biochemical parameters. Amongst the different hematological and
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biochemical parameters the level of WBC, MCHC, Cholesterol, Na+, Cl
- and BUN were
significantly (P<0.05) increased in the summer as compared to the winter season
(15.28±1.71 vs.10.44±1.30, 35.19±0.33 vs. 32.82±0.25, 103.4±10.72 vs.73.04±3.15,
149.5±3.11vs.139.85±0.59, 112.98±2.25 vs.102.27±0.61, 35.0±0.69 vs. 22.0±1.42
respectively) while the level of MCV, MID %, total protein, glucose and Ca2+
decreased
significantly (P<0.05) in the summer as compared to the winter season (46.38±1.43 vs.
55.2±2.22, 7.93±0.54 vs.13.66±1.25, 6.66±0.48 vs.10.19±0.37, 27.841±1.38 vs.
56.83±3.73, 0.62±0.04 vs.1.27±0.01respectively). Therefore, the present study concluded
that the Surti buffaloes were under heat stress as revealed by significant increase in Na+,
Cl- and BUN and decrease in the total protein and glucose.
CCSB 18 Effect of seasons on the blood physiology of cross-bred cattle in Kashmir
Iqbal Saleem
Division of Veterinary Physiology, SKUAST of Kashmir, Srinagar, J & K
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted to find out the haematological profile of 8 crossbred lactating
cattle during different seasons of the year. Blood samples were collected from jugular
vein of 8 crossbred lactating cattle in Autumn (n=48), Winter (n=48), Spring (n=48), and
Summer (n=48), maintained at Cattle Research Station, Mansbal Kashmir.
Haematological values of each cow were determined. Comparisons of haematological
values between seasons were performed. The results revealed the following information:
significant seasonal variations in haematological profile were recorded. The overall
group mean (OGM) of Hb, TEC and Plasma Urea Nitrogen were found to be
significantly higher (p<0.01) during summer whereas the PCV showed higher (p<0.01)
during winter. It was also found that there was no significant effect of seasons on TLC
and total protein.
CCSB 19 Influence of season on oxidative status of Bhadawari buffalo semen and their
correlation with seminal plasma proteins
Sharma Lokesh, Pandey Vijay, Nigam Rajesh, Singh Pawanjit, Saxena Atul, and
Swain Dilip
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU,
Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was designed to investigate the influence of season on oxidative status
and their correlation with seminal plasma proteins of Bhadawari buffalo bulls. Six
sexually mature Bhadawari buffalo bulls having age of 2-4 years were used as semen
donor. The study was divided into three season viz. July to September, December to
February and April to June (S3). Six ejaculates from each bull were collected in each
season in morning hours using artificial vagina. Immediately after collection, semen
characteristics (volume of each ejaculate, sperm concentration, mass motility,
progressive motility, live-dead percentage, HOST percentage, and percent acrosomal
integrity) were determined in the neat semen. Simultaneously, another part of neat semen
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was centrifuged for harvesting the seminal plasma. The influence of season on oxidative
status was measured by estimating the level of MDA, catalase and SOD activity in
seminal plasma. The results of this study showed significant seasonal influence on level
of total protein and SOD activity in seminal plasma of buffalo bulls. The peak values of
these biochemical attributes were observed in summer season as compared to other
season of the year. The results of Pearson correlation between protein fraction and
oxidative status revealed that MDA values exhibited negative correlation with 70 and 72
kDa proteins while positive correlation with 86 kDa protein. The Catalase activity of
seminal plasma revealed positive correlation with 70 kDa and negative correlation with
86 kDa proteins and SOD activity showed positive correlation with 24.5, 70 and 72 kDa
proteins. It can be concluded from the study that season significantly influences the
semen quality by affecting the oxidative status and differential expression of seminal
plasma proteins of Bhadawari buffalo bull semen.
CCSB 20 Influence of highland alpine pasture migration on growth and production
performances of crossbred growing lambs
Saha S. and Phogat J. B.
North Temperate Regional Station, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Garsa (via-Bhuntar), Kullu
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Migration of sheep to highland pasture is a conventional system of sheep rearing in
Himalayan region of India. The present study was under taken to evaluate the effect of
highland alpine pasture migration on the growth trends throughout the year, wool yield
and wool quality of growing migratory and non-migratory animals having 75% exotic
blood. A total of 52 inter crosses lambs of about 2 months age were sent for migration on
foot from farm location (1200 meters altitude) to alpine pasture (3700 meters altitude) of
Lahaul & Spiti region of H.P. for 4 months (from mid-May 2012 to mid-September
2012) under natural conditions rearing only by grazing, and thereafter at institute farm
under semi-intensive management, to evaluate the growth performances in comparison to
institute control lambs (21 nos.) reared under semi-intensive management conditions i.e.
8 hours grazing and @400g/animal/day concentrate supplementation. Body weight of all
the migratory and non-migratory animals was recorded at the beginning of the
experiment, at regular monthly intervals during migration and post migration period up
to one year of age. The wool yield of each animal was recorded and wool samples were
collected for analysis of quality parameters. The results showed that the average body
weight gain of migratory growing female flock was exceptionally higher (12.58 Kg) at
the end of 4 months migration period as compared to control group animals (6.85 kg).
All the migratory animals returned back from alpine pasture to farm location within 7-8
days on foot journey and due to walking stress 2.59 kg average body weight loss was
recorded, however, the growth trend during the study period was always recorded to be
higher in migratory animals and at the end of study average body weight of migratory
lambs was significantly higher (31.40 kg) as compared to non-migratory control animals
(29.48 kg). Also, the significant effect of migration was observed on the wool yield and
staple length in migratory animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that high altitude
alpine pasture migration is a sustainable and economic method of sheep husbandry under
Himalayan conditions for better production performances of sheep.
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CRRP 01 Deciphering the electrocardiogram of healthy Ganjam goats of India
Mohapatra S., Das D., Pradhan R.R., Panda D., Panda B.S.K., Priyadarsini L.,
Mahapatra A.P.K. and Kundu A.K.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa
University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The inception of Electrocardiogram (ECG) revolutionized the field of diagnostic
cardiology. Ganjam goat is one of the twenty-two recognized goat breeds of India and it
is found in the southern parts of the Ganjam district of Odisha, India and regions
bordering Andhra Pradesh, India. Male Ganjam goats (49 in number) hovering around
the age groups of 1 to 3 years were considered for the study. A 12-lead standard ECG
recorder, Cardiart 108 T- MK VII- BPL was used. The ECG machine was set with a
paper speed of 25mm/sec and sensitivity of 1 (1 cm= 1mv) with the filter (50 Hz) turned
“on” and the ECG was recorded in the standing position. The anterolateral aspect, just
below the elbow and stifle joint were the preferred sites of attachment of crocodile clips
and the ECG tracings were taken in three bipolar standard leads (Lead I,II and III) and
the three augmented unipolar limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). The mean ± Standard
Error values were calculated using Microsoft excel 2007. Taking the different ECG
values of all the leads into consideration, the amplitude of P wave ranged from 0.04 mV
to 0.15 mV while the P wave in the lead aVR was found to be inverted in all the cases
and the mean value was measured to be 0.1 ± 0.02 mV. The duration of P wave ranged
from 0.02 to 0.06 sec. The R wave amplitude ranged from 0.35 mV to 0.8 mV and the
maximum numbers of upright R waves were traced in Lead II, III and aVF while Lead I
and aVL showed inverted R wave in all the cases. The amplitude of T wave ranged from
0.1 to 0.3 mV. The P-R interval ranged from 0.04 to 0.30 sec. The QT interval varied
between 0.18 and 0.36 sec while the R-R interval ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 sec. The heart
rate varied from 80 to 130 beats per minute. The study may be used as a standard
reference by the field veterinarians.
CRRP 02 Comparative effects of Propofol and Xyalzine-ketamine anaesthesia on
cardiovascular and respiratory system in Goats
Yadav Mrigakshi, Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Manjari P., Das A. K. and Kumar Sudhir
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
GBPUAT, Pantnagar, UK
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The comparative effect of propofol (@4mg/kg body weight, intravenously) and xylazine-
ketamine (xylazine @ 0.05mg/kg body weight, intravenously followed by ketamine @
4mg/kg body weight, intravenously) on electrocardiography, oxyhemoglobin saturation
and respiratory rate were assessed in 12 clinically healthy (LocalXBarbari) adult female
goats (6 animals in each group), aged 2-4 years, weighing 23.66 ± 2.22 kg. After
propofol and xylazine-ketamine administration respiratory rate and oxyhemoglobin
(HbO2) saturation decreased while all ECG parameters increased except QRS interval
which did not change. Oxyhemoglobin saturation remained within the normal
physiological limits after xylazine-ketamine administration. Propofol produced
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favourable effects on R and T wave amplitudes and heart rate but xylazine-ketamine
exerted more effective anaesthetic effects on respiratory rate, HbO2 saturation, P wave
amplitude, PR and QT intervals. Electrocardiographic changes were reflected in
anaesthetic action and it was concluded that xylazine-ketamine combination would be a
safer and better choice over propofol in goats.
CRRP 03 A study on evaluation of certain excretory metabolites in blood serum and
urine of cows and buffaloes
Kakde S. P., Korde J. P., Jagtap D. G., Bahiram K. B. and Lad P. N.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken on 20 healthy lactating Holstein Friesian cows and
Murrah buffaloes each, at private dairy farm in the month of April, 2013. They were
maintained at standard managerial and feeding practices. Blood serum and urine samples
were collected twice on two alternate days (collection I and II) from both cows and
buffaloes on separate days and were analyzed for urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus
and chloride concentration. The Temperature Humidity Index during collection I and II
was 78.84 and 81.25, respectively. The mean value of serum creatinine in cows differ
significantly (P<0.05) between collection I (113.54±2.93 µmol/l) and II (116.60±2.94
µmol/l). Similarly in buffaloes also the mean value of serum creatinine differ
significantly (P<0.05) between collection I (110.10±2.20 µmol/l) and II (113.93±2.31
µmol/l). The pooled mean value of serum phosphorus concentration was significantly
(P<0.05) higher in buffaloes (2.10±0.09 mmol/l) than in cows (1.69±0.09 mmol/l). The
concentration of urea in urine was observed significantly (P<0.05) higher in buffaloes
(5.99±0.10 g/l) than that in cows (5.19±0.05 g/l). The serum creatinine concentration
significantly increased with increased thermal stress both on cows and buffaloes as
indicated by high THI. The correlation studies do not revealed any significant
relationship between serum and urine metabolites with milk yield.
CRRP 04 Diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation in a dog
Mohapatra Swagat, Mahapatra A.P.K., Das D., Pradhan R.R., Swain P.S. and Kundu
A.K.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa
University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A five year old female Saint Bernard dog was brought to the Teaching Veterinary
Clinical complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, O.U.A.T.,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha as outdoor patient for treatment. The dog was showing symptoms
of exercise intolerance since the last 15 days. There was also water logging in the
abdomen. Tapping the abdomen was producing a dull flat noise. Liver function tests and
kidney function tests were normal. The Lead-II ECG (set with a paper speed of
25mm/sec, sensitivity 1 cm = 1 mV and the 50 Hz filter of the ECG “on”) of the dog was
recorded before treatment. The P wave was found to be absent in the ECG and the QRS
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waves were irregularly spaced which are the characteristics signs of atrial fibrillation.
After diagnosis the dog was treated with an ionotropic agent, a beta blocker, an
angiotensin-II blocker and a diuretic for a week. In subsequent weeks of treatment
gradually the dose of the ionotropic agent was lowered. After 4 weeks of treatment the
condition of the dog restored normalcy.
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DPNI 01 Effect of supplementing Mentha piperata and Emblica officinalis on growth
performance of beetal kids.
Poonia J.S, Madan Jyotsana, Sindhu Sonia and Gupta Meenakshi
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary And Animal
Science, Hisar
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Thirty six Beetal kids (3-4 month old) were divided into 3 groups (six females + six males)
each. The kids were browsed four hours daily with adlib concentrate feeding. The groups were
assigned to treatments as T1 - concentrate feed, T2 -98% concentrate feed + 2% Mentha
piperata powder, T3-98% concentrate feed + 2% Emblica officinalis. The percent composition
of concentrate feed mixture was maize (35) barley (35), ground nut cake (18), deoiled
soyabean (9), mineral mixture (2) and salt (1). The trial was conducted for 90 days under
similar conditions. Body weight and feed consumption was recorded at 0, 30, 60, 90 days. No
significant difference was observed on body weight and average daily gain between control
and treatment groups. The effect of sex was found significant on body weights. The average
daily gain of kids was significantly affected by sex of kids for 0-30 days period. Female kids
have lower voluntary feed intake than male kids. As a result they grow slower and are less
efficient in converting feed to live weight gain. The overall feed gain ratio was found 2.83,
5.12, 8.85 and 4.79 in 0-30, 31-60, 61-90 and 0-90 days period, respectively.
DPNI 02 Effect of bypass fat supplementation on blood biochemical responses in heat
stressed goats
Sharma Shikha, Jindal R. and Nayyar S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, COVS, GADVASU, Ludhiana
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Heat stress affects the biochemical status of the animal by activating the hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal axis. With the change in climate and ongoing heat stress in the animals,
key strategies are required to ameliorate the effects of heat stress. The present study was
carried out in 15 Beetal goats to study the effects of bypass fat supplementation on blood
biochemical constituents during heat stress. Heat stressed goats were supplemented with
bypass fat @ 10g/day (Treatment group - I) or 20g/day (Treatment group – II). The energy
balance indicators like plasma glucose, cholesterol and total lipid concentration were
significantly (P<0.05) higher in bypass fat supplemented groups. From the study, it was
concluded that, the bypass fat supplementation can ameliorate the adverse effects of heat
stress by improving the energy balance of the animals.
DPNI 03 Effect of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and Methionine on blood in
biochemical’s growing Hariana heifers
Singh Jai Kumar, Roy Debashis, Kumar Vinod and Kumar Muneendra
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
Uttar Pradesh
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
A trial was conducted for a period of 90 days in growing Hariana heifers. Eighteen heifers
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were randomly distributed into three groups i.e control (C), treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 2
(T2) on body weight basis. All the animals were offered a basal diet comprised of sorghum
fodder, wheat staraw and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirement. Animals in
T1 and T2 group were supplemented with 1 g rumen protected methionine (RPM), 5 g
rumen protected lysine (RPL) and 2 g RPM, 10 g RPL along with basal diet, respectively.
Blood samples were collected at monthly interval. Collected blood samples were analysed
for total blood protein, plasma albumin, total plasma immunoglobulin, blood urea nitrogen
(BUN), plasma creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) in blood by standard laboratory procedure. Except BUN and creatinine, other blood
biochemical‟s and liver function enzymes were found similar (P>0.05) in control and
supplemented group. Blood concentration of BUN and creatinine were 18% and 30% lower
(P<0.05) in T1 in comparison to control. It may be concluded from lower BUN and
creatinine concentration that supplementation of protected lysine and methionine decrease
the catabolism of protein and lead to more accretion of protein in the animal body.
DPNI 04 Effect of different rearing systems and supplementation on total protein and
serum albumin of Mecheri lambs
Muralidharan J. and Saravanakumar V. Ramesh
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal,
Tamil Nadu
___________________________________________________________________________________________
A study was undertaken to assess the levels of total protein and serum albumin of Mecheri
ram lambs under two systems of rearing with two types of supplementation. In the growth
trial, weaned main season lambs (40 animals in five groups of eight lambs each) were raised
under two systems of rearing viz., grazing (T1 -control, T2 -concentrate and T3 -urea
molasses mineral block supplementation) and stall feeding (T4-concentrate and T5-UMMB
supplementation) for a period of 150 days and blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 90,
120 and 150 days of experiment. The results indicated that, there was no significant
difference in the total protein values between the treatment groups until 120 days of the
experiment. However, significant (P< 0.05) difference was noticed at 150 days of the
experiment. Highest value (6.62 ± 0.59 g/dl) was reported for T3 group followed by T2, T1,
T4 and lowest value was reported in T5 group. Grazing groups T2 and T3 had higher total
protein, indicating the usefulness of supplementation with concentrate ration and UMMB.
There was no significant difference between the grazing and stall fed groups. Total protein
levels increased from the beginning to the end of the experiment in grazing groups with
supplementation (T2 and T3). But in the other groups, there was a decrease in total protein in
120 days and 150 days of the experiment. There was no significant difference in serum
albumin values between the groups until the end of the study except at 30 days. This
indicated that serum albumin was not affected due to system of rearing as well as type of
supplement. At 150 days, numerically T3 has the highest value (3.24 ± 0.14 g/dl) followed
by T5, T1, T4 and lowest value was reported in T2 group (2.80 ± 0.20 g/dl).The reduction in
the serum albumin level of at 30 days might be because of the flea infestation encountered in
the stall fed animals, at initial period of experiment.
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DPNI 05 Effect of dietary mineral supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and
plasma mineral profile in growing Hariana heifers
Gupta Vivek Prasad, Kumar Vinod, Roy Debashis, Prakash Atul and Kumar Muneendra
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
___________________________________________________________________________________________
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mineral mixture on growth
performance, nutrient utilization and plasma mineral profile in Hariana heifers (Bos indicus).
Eighteen Hariana heifers were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (G1, G2 and G3)
having 6 animals in each group and feeding trial was continued for period of 60 days.
Feeding regimen was same fed basal ration in all the groups except the animals in the groups
G2 and G3 were additionally supplemented with type 1 and type 2 mineral mixtures
prepared by using dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, salt, iron sulphate, copper
sulphate, zinc sulphate, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, magnesium sulphate and
potassium iodide and two times more copper sulphate was incorporation in type 2 than type
1. A digestibility trial for a period of 7 days was conducted after 21 days of dietary treatment
to observe the effect of dietary mineral mixture supplementation on nutrient digestibility and
mineral absorption. Heifers were monitored daily for dry matter intake (DMI), however
body weight change was recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of post mineral mixture
supplementation. Similarly, blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals from each
heifer to measure plasma mineral concentration. During 60 days feeding trial, heifers in G2
and G3 group fed with type 1 and type 2 mineral mixture had higher (p>0.05) absorption
and plasma mineral concentration of Ca, Na, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. However, feeding of type 1
and type 2 mineral mixtures did not have any effect (P≤0.05) on DMI, body weight gain,
feed conversion efficiency and digestibility of nutrients. In summary, current study showed
that supplementation of type 1 and type 2 mineral mixtures improve plasma mineral level
without affecting nutrient utilization and growth performance.
DPNI 06 Postpartum physiological adaptation in hormones, metabolites and milk
production in crossbred cows fed with prilled fat
Rajesh G, Singh Mahendra, Sehgal J.P., Roy A.K., Pandita Sujata and Singh
Sukhjinderjeet
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The study investigated the effect of prilled fat supplementation on milk production,
composition, blood metabolites and hormonal profiles. Ten crossbred Karan Fries (KF)
cows were selected from NDRI cattle yard. The cows were divided into two groups
comprising of control and treatment groups. Cows of both the groups were managed and fed
as per the NRC standard. The treatment cows were fed prilled fat @75g/day/animal from
15th day of post-partum up to 7
th fortnight. The DMI, body weight, milk samples and plasma
samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed. The digestibility trial was
conducted from 60th day of postpartum for a period of 7 days. The digestibility coefficients
of nutrients were calculated. Feeding of prilled fat significantly increased (P<0.05) milk
production by 0.9 kg/day/animal without significantly affecting DMI and plasma hormones
(Ghrelin, Prolactin, GH, Insulin, Cortisol,T3,T4 and Leptin). Prilled fat feeding significantly
increased milk fat (P<0.01), triglycerides (P<0.05) and decreased plasma NEFA (P<0.05)
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and plasma HDL cholesterol concentration (P<0.05). There was no effect on milk
composition except milk fat which was higher (P<0.01) in treatment group. Further the
percent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, T-CHO, EE, NFE and ADF was similar in both the
group except EE which was more in treatment group. The prilled fat feeding also resulted in
earlier resumption of estrous cyclicity, less number of AI per conception and improved
conception rate in treatment group than control. It was concluded that supplementation of
prilled fat in postpartum KF cows significantly increased milk yield, improved reproductive
performance and restricted mobilization of body reserves as indicated by low NEFA without
affecting plasma hormones level.
DPNI 07 Effect of neem oil (as immunomodulator) in the diet of buffalo calves to reduce
their neonatal mortality
Jain Anand Kumar, Singh H. S. and Quadri M. A.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
NDVSU, Jabalpur, MP
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The internal defense of the buffalo calves is a complex phenomina, where the buffalo calves during
first 03 months of life have got poor absorptionof immunoglobulins. To explore the causes of high
buffalo calves mortality, serum total immunoglobulin level is an importantmarker for assessment
of internal defense mechanism. High incidence of buffalo calves mortality and their poor internal
defense are associated with the deficiencies of serum immunoglobulins.The serum levels of total
immunoglobulin‟s estimated using Zinc Sulphate precipitationmethod. The study was aimed at
estimation of serumtotal immunoglobulins in buffalo calves during first 03 months of life.Blood
samples were collected from calves aseptically for total serum immunoglobulin estimation on
precolostral feeding; 06hours post colostral feeding, 1st day, and 2
ndup to 6
th days and weekly up to
91th days. In precolostral fed calves the amount of total immunoglobulinspresent in the sera
samples were meager, which increased significantly (P<0.05) 6hrs after feeding of colostrum. The
levels oftotal immunoglobulins inserumgot increased with age, however the value with greater
intensity were recorded in calves administered the neem oil. The effect of administration of neem
oil enhanced the immunocompetence of buffalo calves and acted as immonobooster.Serum levels
of total immunoglobulins during precolostral feeding were 5.8±0.6mg/ml. On6hrs after feeding of
colostrum, the mean total serumimmunoglobulinsconcentration increased significantly (P<0.05)
from 5.8±0.6to 122±30mg/ml in oral feeding of 10-15 ml of the neem oil in buffalo calves. Thus,
the present investigation reveals that buffalo calves mortality can be reduced to a certain extent
with better management and oral feedingof 10-15 ml of the neem oil daily for three months
DPNI 08 The effects of dietary antibiotic and Coriandrum sativum seed powder
supplementation on immunity, intestine length and organoleptic analysis of
meat in broilers
Chandrakar Khushboo, Mishra O.P., Khan J.R. and Pandey Arvind
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh
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The study was conducted to study the effects of antibiotic; Bacitracin Methylene
Disalicylate (BMD) and Coriandrum sativum seed powder supplementation on broilers
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immunity, intestine length and organoleptic analysis of meat. The experiment Ninety day old
Ven-cobb broiler birds were divided into 3 groups of 30 each. These three groups were fed
the basal diet (Control) or the basal diet supplemented with Bacitracin Methylene
Disalicylate (BMD) as an antibiotic @0.05% in feed (Standard), and the basal diet
supplemented with Coriandrum sativum seed powder @1.5% in feed (Test) for 42 days. The
broiler birds were reared under deep litter system of housing, standard feeding &
management practices were provides to all groups. The result showed that, there were
significant (p≤0.01) elevations of CMI in coriander supplemented broiler birds as measured
by DNFB skin contact sensitization test. The skin thickness index to DNFB at 24 and 48 hrs
were found higher in coriander treated group as compared to control and standard group.
Humoral immunity were also significantly (p<0.01) high in coriander supplemented group
as compared to control and standard group. The length of small intestine was numerically
higher in coriander treated group (215.67 cm) as compared to standard (179.90 cm) and
control (191.67cm) but no significant difference found between them. The broiler meat of
coriander seed powder supplemented group exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher juiciness
and general acceptance as compared to control and standard group. Colour, flavour and
tenderness were also better in coriander treated group as compare to control and standard
group. So it is concluded that supplementation of 1.5% Corianderum sativum seed powder
could be used as non-classical feed additive in broiler diet.
DPNI 09 Addition of protected fat on rumen fermentation in Mecheri lambs
Selvaraj P., Jayachandran S., Visha P. and Nanjappan K.
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, TN
___________________________________________________________________________________________
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of protected fat (PF) prepared from
sunflower acid oil on rumen fermentation in Mecheri sheep. Four rumen fistulated lambs were
used in a 4x4 switch-over design. All the four animals were fed individually with sorghum hay
and water was provided ad libitum. Diets were formulated to provide 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 per cent
of dietary energy through PF. The concentrate mixture (250g) was offered at 09.30h daily.
Initially 15 days of preliminary period was allowed to adapt the animals for the treatment with
concentrate alone without PF for all the animals. The experiment was repeated as per the switch
over design. Rumen liquor was collected from each animal using a mini-suction pump after
mixing the rumen fluid thoroughly in all the corners. Rumen liquor was collected before feeding
(0 h), 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of post-feeding. Feed and water were withdrawn till the 8 h collection was
over. The effect of PF on rumen pH was minimal and a significant difference (P<0.05) existed at
2 h post-feeding in 15.0, 22.5 per cent PF fed rams. Mean rumen protozoa count (x105/ml) also
decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 2 h post-feeding between the three PF-supplemented groups
(9.82, 9.22 and 9.24 respectively) and the control (10.88). Rumen ammonia-nitrogen and
microbial protein levels were not influenced by the addition of PF to rams diet. The total volatile
fatty acids in PF-fed rams did not differ between groups. The percentage of acetate did not show
any change in its concentration but propionate and butyrate levels showed significant (P<0.05)
variation between groups at 8h and 6h post-feeding respectively. The acetate to propionate ratio
was almost similar among the fat supplemented groups. Isobutyrate and isovalerate contents
were similar between treatment groups. But valerate level varied significantly (P<0.01) at 6 h
post-feeding between groups. It is concluded that addition of PF to rams did not have adverse
effects on rumen fermentation.
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DPNI 10 Improved performance and small intestinal development of broiler chickens by
oral putrescine and L-glutamine supplementation
Devipriya K., Selvaraj P., Nanjappan K. and Eswari S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Bio-chemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli,
TN
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Putrescine and L- Glutamine
supplementation on the performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total
of 150 day old chicks were divided into five groups of ten chicks each in three replicates
reared up to 42 days were used for this study. Putrescine and L- Glutamine were orally
supplemented at 0% level as control(T1), Putrescine 0.05% (T2), Putrescine 0.1%(T3),L-
Glutamine 0.5%(T4), and L- Glutamine 1% (T5) from 0 day to 7 days after hatch. On day
14 and day 21, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered and morphometeric indices of
the small intestine were evaluated. Results obtained on day 14 and day 21 showed increased
(P<0.05) average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and improved body weight in the
putescine 0.05% and glutamine 1% supplemented groups than other treatment and control
groups. On day 14 and 21 days of age, birds fed diets supplemented with 0.05% putrescine
and 1% glutamine had a significantly heavier (P<0.05) duodenum and jejunum relative
weight compared to the control birds. Morphological assays showed that villus height and
width of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were significantly increased (P<0.05) at both second
and third week of age in 0.05% putrescine and 1% L- glutamine fed groups. The results of
this study showed that addition of 0.05% putrescine and 1% L- Glutamine during early life
improved growth performance and small intestinal development in broiler chickens.
DPNI 11 Metabolic heat production and energy exchange in Murrah heifers during
summer and winter
Praveer S.D., Devi Rajni, Singh A.K. and Upadhyay R.C.
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The metabolic heat production and energy exchange in cattle and buffaloes was measured
during winter and summer. The experimental animals consisted of six Murrah buffaloes of
18-24 months. The expired air was collected in a Douglas bag at one hour interval on the
day of energy exchange measurement. The volume collected in Douglas bag was measured
on wet test meter and CO2, O2 were analyzed on Del sensor Analyzer (Denmark) and
Methane was analyzed on Methane analyzer (Analytical Development Co. UK, ADC).
Methane emission was also measured by keeping animals in a chamber made of
polycarbonate sheet (8‟x8‟x8‟) chamber from which air was exhausted out by pump at fixed
rate and concentration of methane was measured. In Murrah buffaloes the mean heat
production (kcal) per min and the total heat production (kcal) per day were not significantly
different during summer and winter. The heat production per unit metabolic body weight
was less during summer compared to winter but statistically there was no significant
difference. The oxygen consumption was found to be significantly more in summer as
compared to winter. Respiration rate was significantly different (P<0.05) during winter and
summer. The energy loss as methane was more in winter as compared to summer and
methane as energy component of total heat production was more in winter then summer.
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Sensible heat loss through radiation and convection was less in summer. The basal metabolic
rate (kcal/kg0.75
) was significantly different (P<0.05) in Murrah buffaloes during summer
and winter seasons.
DPNI 12 Effect of combination of live yeast, yeast metabolites, surfactant and buffering
agent on the performance of lactating cows
Joshi K.N., Patil M.B., Ramteke B.N., Gadegaonkar G.M. and Karambele N.R.
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The study involved 20 lactating cows (Gir and its crosseswith Jersey and HF), which were
divided into two groups of ten each viz. group I and II. The animals were selected on the
basis of breed, milk yield, stage of lactation and parity. Group I served as control and
received concentrate mixture as per routine practice of the farm. Group II was treatment
group and received mixture containing live yeast, yeast metabolites, surfactant and
buffering agent @35 g/d/ animal over and above the usual concentrate mixture. The trial
lasted for112 days involving two periods of eight weeks. The average daily milk yield and
fat corrected milk yield for the treatment groups was significantly (P≤0.05) higher over the
control group. The average DM, TDN and DCP intake of cows from group II, was
significantly (P≤0.05) higher than that of group I. The efficiency of feed utilization interms
of DM required per kg FCM produced of cows from treatment group was significantly
(P<0.05) higher, however the difference in the efficiency interms of TDN and DCP required
perkg FCM produced was statistically non-significant. The average specific gravity of milk,
percentage SNF content, total solid percentage and milk protein percentage for control and
treatment groups were comparableThe average milk fat percentage was significantly
(P<0.05) higher in treatment group than that of control. The average milk urea nitrogen
values for control and treatment groups were comparable. The overall average SCC of milk
for control group was higher by about 9.7% as compared to that for cows from treatment
group. Lower SCC in treatment group may be attributed to the beneficial role of live
yeast, yeast metabolites, surfactant and buffering agent on health. The digestibility
trialconducted during last week revealed that digestibility coefficients for different nutrients
were higherfor cowsfrom treatment group. The economics of the study revealed that the
profit realized per cow through daily sale of milk in treatment group was more (Rs. 112.87)
comparedto control group (Rs. 107.30).Thus, it can be inferred that better profit margin and
better productivity can be achieved by the use of mixture containing live yeast, yeast
metabolites, surfactant and buffering agent in the diet of lactating cows.
DPNI 13 Comparative efficacy of supplementation of organic manganese on production
performance of broiler chicken
Chatterjee P.N., Biswas P., Pakhira M., Pal K. and Pal Aruna
Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Manganese is involved in some crucial juncture of cell metabolism. But common poultry
feeds remained deficient in this element, which emphasizes its importance in practical
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poultry feeding. To evaluate the efficacy of organic Manganese, 150 day old (BV-400)
Broiler chicks were randomly distributed in five experimental groups (each having two
replicates) as follows: T1, T2 and T3 birds were supplemented with organic-Manganese @
80, 60 and 40 ppm, respectively; other two groups i.e. T4 birds were supplemented with
inorganic-Mn @ 80ppm and T5 birds served as negative control (without Mn
supplementation). All birds were maintained on maize-soyabean based Starter diet (up to
21d) and Finisher diet (up to 38 d) as per BV-400 specification. At the end of 38 days, a
metabolic trial was conducted with randomly selected 10 birds from each group (having 2
replicates each). Blood mineral profile revealed highest Mn content in T1 birds and lowest
in T5 birds; but T2 and T4 did not differ (P≤ 0.05). Bone mineral content was also highest in
T1 followed by T2 and lowest in T5; whereas T3 and T4 birds were alike (P≥ 0.05). Muscle
(fresh basis) mineral analysis revealed positive effect of organic Manganese
supplementation. Cu and Zn content of plasma, bone and muscle remained identical (P≥
0.05) among treatment groups. Feed intake was comparatively higher (P≤ 0.05) in T4 & T5
group. Metabolic study revealed that organic form of Manganese is 3 times more
bioavailable than its inorganic form. Organic manganese has beneficial effect (P≤ 0.05) on
„Feed Conversion Ratio‟ (FCR) of broiler chicks and may reduce the production cost, if can
be incorporated in a justified manner. Metabolic study revealed that supplementation of
organic manganese reduced the excretion of associated trace minerals. So it may be inferred
from the present study that supplementation of organic source of manganese not only
augment the production performance of broiler birds but also make the production system
sustainable by decreasing the environment pollution.
DPNI 14 Effect of area specific mineral mixture supplementation on mineral profile of
anoestrus and prolonged post partum anoestrus crossbred cows
Jana Sonali, Verma M. S., Sharma K. B., Wadhwa D. and Kumar R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK
HPKV, Palampur
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Macro and micro mineral deficiency in livestock animals can cause reproductive disorders
like anestrous and prolonged post partum anestrous. The present study was conducted to
evaluate macro and micro mineral profile in these animals and assess impact of strategic
mineral mixture supplementation to overcome macro and micro mineral deficiency. A total
of 30 apparently healthy adult cross-bred cows were selected from Livestock Farm of the
University and were divided in three groups i.e Group I Control anestrous animals, Group II
Anestrous animals and Group III Prolonged post partum anestrous animals. Parallel study
was also conducted at field level on 21 animals selected from the nearby villages of
Panchrukhi Block of Kangra District which were also divided in three groups in the same
manner. Strategic mineral mixture supplementation was done in group II and III animals of
both Livestock farm and field whereas group I animals were kept as control. Analysis of
plasma samples revealed a deficiency of macro minerals like sodium, magnesium and
calcium in all the three groups of cows from farm as well as field. After strategic mineral
mixture supplementation increasing trend with significant (p<0.05) increase in average
plasma sodium concentration was observed in group II farm animals and in group II and
group III field animals. Group II and group III field animals showed an increasing trend in
average plasma potassium concentration with significant (p<0.05) increase in group III field
animals. Average plasma calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentration increased
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significantly (p<0.05) in group II and group III cows of both farm and field. Plasma iron
concentrations were within physiological level in all the three groups of cow in farm as well
as in field. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in plasma iron concentration in
group II field animals following strategic mineral mixture supplementation. Plasma copper
deficiency was observed in control group of cows of farm, whereas in cows of all other
groups it was within the physiological range. Plasma zinc concentration was within
physiological range. Significant (p<0.05) increase in average plasma copper and zinc
concentration was observed in group II cows from both farm and field whereas an increasing
trend with non significant increase was observed in group III cows from both farm and field.
The average plasma manganese concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in both group
II and group III cows in both farm and field after strategic mineral mixture supplementation.
Overall there was significant increase in plasma mineral concentration in animals
supplemented with area specific mineral mixture.
DPNI 15 In-vitro methane production of protein supplements (Brassica juncea, Linum
usitatissimum, Araches hypoges, Glycine max, Gossypium herbaceum, Cyamopsis
teteragonoloba and Sesbania sesban) used in goat feeding
Tripathi M.K., Gupta Bhawna, Tripathi Prabhat, Chaudhary U.B. and Kumar Ravindra
Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Methane is the one of the major greenhouse gas being targeted for reduction under the
Kyoto protocol because accumulation of methane is linked to global warming and have 21
times warming potential than carbon dioxide. Estimation of methane emissions by ruminant
animals is the focus of present research in animal science for the development of methane
prediction models and to device strategies for mitigation of methane emission to reduce
overall methane emissions. Present experiment assessed the potential of methane production
of different protein feeds used in goat feeding. Seven major protein feeds mustard (Brassica
spp.) cake, linseed (Linum usitatissimum) cake, ground nut (Araches hypoges) cake, soybean
(Glycine max) cake, cottonseed (Gossypium herbaceum) cake, guar (Cyamopsis
teteragonoloba) korma and sesbania (Sesbania sesban) grains were evaluated for their
methane production potential in goats. In-vitro gas production test was performed for 24h
fermentation using incubation medium. Metabolisable energy content of feeds was
determined following the mathematical model. Methane was estimated by Gas
Chromatograph (PerkinElmer). Methane was converted from volume to weight using
molecular mass of methane and methane energy loss was estimated. Fermentation gas and
methane production characteristics differed significantly (p<0.005) among test feed
resource. Total 24 h gas production varied from 77 to 204 ml, IVDMD from 53 to 84 %,
methane percent in gas mixture ranged from 12 to 18 %, while methane production ranged
from 13 to 30 ml/g DM, 24 to 35 ml/ g digestible DM, this corresponded from 9.1 to 21.9 g
and 17.0 to 25.4 g for each kg DM and digestible DM of feed. Methane energy loss was 797
to 1216 kJ/ kg feed DM intake. Among the protein feeds mustard cake and sesbania grains
produced highest gas and methane per unit of organic matter fermented. Therefore, different
feed resources have varying methane production levels in ruminants.
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DPNI 16 Methane production of potential of wheat Straw (Triticum aestivum) based
feeding system with whole goat rumen flora in-vitro.
Tripathi M. K., Tripathi Prabhat, Gupta Bhawna, Chaudhary U.B. and Kumar Ravindra
Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Methane emitted by ruminants contribute 20% of agricultural emissions to global methane
emissions and therefore global warming, methane emission from rumen ecosystem during
enteric fermentation making a loss of fed energy, which could be used for productive
purposes. Enteric methane production in rumen is an energy wasteful process causing
energy losses from 6 to 12 % depending on the type of diet and level of feeding and each
gram of methane production causing 55.65kJ energy loss. Present experiment assessed the
potential of methane production on wheat straw based feeding system under in-vitro
fermentation using whole goat rumen flora. In-vitro gas production tests were performed for
24h fermentation using incubation medium with substrates simulated to have different goat
systems in the country.Methane was estimated by Gas Chromatograph (PerkinElmer).
Methane was converted from volume to weight using molecular mass of methane and
methane energy loss was estimated. Goat production system in India largely under four
feeding and management systems that employs only roughage bases feeding or grazing on
crop harvested fields making highly extensive system, straw feeding with little concentrate/
kitchen waste (R:C, 70:30) also an extensive system, straw plus concentrate (R:C 50:50)
semi-intensive and intensive system (R:C, 30:70). Wheat straw based feeding system did not
reduce methane production levels with increasing nutrient densities of the diet. The methane
production ranged from 13.1 g to 22.9 g for each kg substrate dry matter, which increased
from 27.3 to 45.8 g for each kg substrate fermented. Gas and methane production increased
(p<0.05) with increasing concentrate feeding on wheat straw based feeding system, although
proportion of methane remained similar (p=.0128) in total fermentative gases, however
increased digestibility of dry matter produced more total gas their by cumulative methane
production on unit substrate DM fermented was increased. Similarly, energy loss was also
increased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrate levels in the diet. Therefore, it is concluded
that wheat straw based feeding from extensive to intensive system did not change the
methane emission pattern in goats.
DPNI 17 Nutritional manipulation in ram lambs and its impact on growth performance
under temperate climate of Himachal Pradesh
Saha S. and Phogat J. B.
North Temperate Regional Station, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Garsa (via-Bhuntar), Kullu, H. P.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Under the temperate conditions nutritional inadequacies both in terms of quantity and
quality, greatly affect productive efficiency in farm animals. The present study was
undertaken to evaluate the effect of different concentrate supplementations and fodder under
intensive and routine semi-intensive management of institute flock of growing ram lambs
from 3 to 6 months age under temperate climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh. A total of
58 weaner ram lambs (3 months age) were randomly selected and distributed in three groups
with initial 3 months body weights of 17.50 kg, 17.20 kg and 17.70 kg in Group-I (n=33),
group-II (n=15) and Group-III (n=10), respectively. Ram lambs of G-I were kept under
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routine standard semi-intensive managemental practices of 8 hours grazing and offered 400g
conc./animal/day, whereas G-II and G-III animals were offered ad lib fodder with 600 g
conc./animal/day and ad lib concentrate/animal/day in two groups respectively up to 6
months of age under intensive management. Body weight of all the animals was recorded at
the beginning of the experiment and at regular weekly intervals. The results revealed that ad
lib fed lambs in Group-III achieved significantly higher growth rate (200 gm ADG) as
compared to lambs in Group-II (144 gm ADG) and semi-intensive control group (105 gm
ADG). At the end of experiment 6 months, the body weight was recorded as 27.01±0.70 kg,
30.20±1.20kg and 35.70±1.01kg in G-I, G-II and G-III, respectively. Therefore, it can be
concluded that concentrate supplementation along with fodder in growing ram lambs can
improve the growth performances under intensive management at temperate region of HP.
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RIRT 01 In-Vitro fertility tests in Murrah Buffalo bulls
Shivahre P. R., Gupta A. K., Panmei A., Yadav B. R., Bhakat M., Mohanty T. K.,
Kumaresan A., Chakravarty A. K., Rajak S., Kumar S. and Kumar A.
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment of in vivo fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa become challenging as it is
influenced not only by semen-related factors but also by female fertility and by many
other factors that may or may not be determined. Functional sperm quality evaluation
based on functional status of sperm organelles (acrosome) or the integrity of cellular
components (membranes, chromatin),have been gaining importance during the last
decades, since conventional techniques have not been able to accurately estimate the
fertility of spermatozoa. Therefore, the present study was carried out on 12 Murrah
buffalo bulls with 73 ejaculates maintained at Artificial Breeding Research Centre,
NDRI, Karnal, India with an objective to assess in vitro fertility of bulls based on
conventional and fluorescent techniques. The average ejaculate volume (ml), mass
activity, individual motility (%), sperm concentration (millions/ ml), live sperm (%),
total abnormalities (%), HOST (%) and acrosomal integrity (%) were 2.70+0.28,
2.8+0.14, 63.8+2.16, 1749.7+122.24, 77.3+2.48, 6.2+0.51, 75.1+1.81 and 84.5,+2.26,
respectively. The repeatability estimates were significant (p<0.05) for ejaculate volume
(0.34),acrosomal integrity (0.29) and live percent (0.28), indicating sufficient bull to bull
variation for these characteristics. The averages of seminal attributes of fluorescent
based criteria of CMA3 (Chromomycin A3), SYBR-PI and FITC-PNA (Fluorescent
isothiocynate-conjugated peanut agglutinin) were 5.25+0.41, 67.91+1.24, 82.00+1.25
percent, respectively. Bulls were ranked on the basis of Expected Producing Ability
(semen quality) for conventional semen characteristics and average characteristics
assessed by fluorescent criteria. Rank correlations were found to be significant for FITC
with most of parameters evaluated by conventional methods. Overall amongst
conventional criteria, individual motility (%) revealed ranking of bulls almost similar to
that of fluorescent criteria.
RIRT 02 Growth factors in caprine oocyte maturation In Vitro
Pavana Shree U. S., Nandi S., Gupta P. S. P. , Girish Kumar V. and Chandrsekara
Murthy V.
College of Veterinary Sciences, KVAFSU, Bangalore campus, Hebbal, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to study the effect of growth factors on in vitro
maturation of goat oocytes in vitro. Ovaries were obtained from a local slaughterhouse.
Follicular cumulus-enclosed goat oocytes were matured in vitro in the presence of
growth factors GDF-9[0,10,20,30 ng/ml], bFGF[0,10,20,30 ng/ml] and a combined level
[GDF-9-30ng/ml+bFGF20ng/ml] for 24 hrs. After in vitro maturation, oocytes were
evaluated for protein, calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Maturation rates was not
significantly (p≤0.05) different in oocytes cultured in control media or in media
containing GDF-9 or bFGF levels at 10ng and 20ng/ml. Maturation rate was
significantly higher (p˂0.05) in oocytes cultured in media containing GDF-9 and bFGF
levels at 30 and 20 ng/ml respectively. Maturation rates of oocytes cultured in media
containing GDF-9 (30 ng/ml) and bFGF (20 ng/ml) were 80.16±1.53 80.04±0.98. No
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significant difference was observed among the control and GDF-9 or bFGF treated
groups. The total protein, calcium and phosphorus levels, the biochemical indicators of
oocyte maturations were also significantly higher in oocytes treated with GDF-9 at
30ng/ml and FGF at 20 ng/ml levels compared to other groups. Viability rates were
approximately 95% after maturation in all treated groups. In conclusion, GDF-9 at
30ng/ml and FGF at 20 ng/ml improved oocyte maturation. This study may pave way for
better understanding the mechanism of oocyte growth/ maturation.
RIRT 03 Effect of season on quality of Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen
Baruah K. K., Mondal M., Dhali A., Bora B. and Rajkhowa C.
National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Nagaland
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Mithun (Bos frontalis), a rare species is found in South East Asia. In India it is found in
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. Mithun plays an important role in
the socio-economic life of the tribal populations of the North-East States. Under the
traditional free-range rearing system, Mithun cows are bred by the bulls available in
the herd, resulting genetically inferior herd and crossbreeding with other bovine species
resulted decline in quality germplasm. Therefore, it is required to breed females with the
semen of the bulls of superior genetic merits. This can be achieved easily through the
artificial insemination (AI) with preserved semen. But there are certain inherent
problems like semen quality, poor freezability etc which hindrances the attaining of
breeding goal. Semen quality can be influenced by season and it has been observed in
many species except in mithun. Considering the importance of it, we assessed the effect
of season on the quality of Mithun semen. The study was conducted during winter
(November - February) and Pre-monsoon (March - Jun). The average maximum and
minimum ambient temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were found 24.3 and 30.7
(P<0.05), 11.9 and 22.6 (P<0.05), and 77.9 and 75.7, respectively during winter and pre-
monsoon. Semen samples were evaluated for volume, sperm concentration and mass
activity Moreover; we also preserved the samples after extending in tris–egg yolk
diluent in both the seasons at 4°C for 36 h, as quality is also linked to the ability of
sperm to withstand cooling process at refrigeration temperature. It was observed that the
semen quality did not differ between the seasons. Therefore, good semen samples can be
collected from Mithun bulls during winter and pre-monsoon for preservation and
insemination.
RIRT 04 Effect of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and basic-fibroblast
growth factor (bFGF) on in vitro fertilization and subsequent development
of goat oocytes
Gupta P. S. P., Nandi S., Pavana Shree U. S., Dhali A. and Girish Kumar V.
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Supplementation of oocyte secreting factors during the short window of oocyte maturation
appears to have a profound effect on development of the oocyte and oocyte survival. The
present study was undertaken to study the effect of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9)
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and basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on in vitro fertilization and subsequent embryo
development of goat oocytes of <136 µm size. Viable oocytes were cultured at 38.5°C with
5% CO2 in air in the presence of growth factors: (GDF-9) [0, 10, 20, and 30 ng/ml] or bFGF
[0, 10, 20, 30 ng/ml] in medium for 24 hours. The matured oocytes were in vitro inseminated
and the fertilization and cleavage rates were examined. Fertilization rate, 2-4 cell stage
embryo yield and morula / blastocyst yield were significantly higher (P<0.05) in oocytes
when cultured with GDF-9 @ 30ng/ml among different doses tested. They were 58.4 %,
47.6% and 22.6%, respectively. Similarly, the highest rates were obtained with bFGF @
20ng/ml. The rates of yield were 55.7 %, 47.4% and 20.1%, respectively. Embryo yield
rates were significantly higher when both growth factors were supplemented in comparison
to a single growth factor. Fertilization rate, 2-4 cell stage embryo yield and morula /
blastocyst yields were 66.13 %, 50.25% and 27.8%, respectively, when the oocytes were
cultured in media containing both GDF-9 (30ng/ml) and bFGF(20ng/ml). In conclusion,
GDF-9 at 30ng/ml and FGF at 20 ng / ml improved oocyte fertilization and embryo
development.
RIRT 05 Conception rate in crossbred cows following ovsynch and double PGF2α
protocol
Shakkarpude Jyotsana, Jain Archana, Dixit N. K. and Shrivastava P. N.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science & A. H., Mhow, NDVSU, Jabalpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Estrous synchronization is the manipulation of the reproductive process so that females can
be bred with normal fertility during a short, predefined interval. This control facilitates
breeding in two important ways: it reduces, and in some cases eliminates, the labor of
detecting estrus (heat), and it allows the producer to schedule the breeding. If the majority of
a herd can be induced to exhibit estrus at about the same time, the producer can arrange for a
few days of intensive insemination. Although the total amount of labor involved with
insemination may not be reduced, it is concentrated into a shorter period. Other advantages
of estrous synchronization include creating a more uniform calf crop, enabling more cows to
be artificially inseminated (AI) to a genetically superior bull and reducing the length of the
breeding season. Ovsynch is one of the most “classical” and widely known systems. The
protocol consists of two injections of a GnRH analogue separated by a single administration
of PGF2α. The present study was therefore, undertaken to compare the efficacy of Ovsynch
protocol and double PGF2α protocol, given 11 days apart on estrus synchronization and
fertility response in non-inseminated, non-pregnant, anestrus (Pre-service or post service) or
repeat breeders crossbred cows. The Ovsynch protocol is also capable of inducing ovulation
in cows that had not resumed estrus cyclicity at the time of synchronization. Present
investigation reveals that Ovsynch protocol is more efficient than Double PGF2α protocol in
crossbred cows.
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RIRT 06 Effect of different progesterone preparations on plasma progesterone and
estadiol profile in postpartum anestrus buffaloes
Jayachandran S., Visha P., Selvaraj P., Nanjappan K. and Thavasiappan V.
Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu
Tamilnadu
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An investigation was carried out to study the progesterone and estradiol hormone level
in postpartum anestrus buffaloes using different progesterone preparations (Controlled
Internal Drug Release [CIDR], progesterone depot) and intravaginal progesterone
sponges designed in this laboratory. Healthy she buffaloes (43 Nos., in 2nd
to 4th parity,
did not express estrus signs for more than 5 months post partum) having smooth ovaries
with no palpable structures by rectal examination done twice at 10 days interval were
confirmed as true anesrus. These animals were maintained on grazing for 3-4 hours per
day and supplemented with mixed ration of paddy straw, dried jowar, greens along with
little concentrate feed. The selected animals were divided into four groups namely,
group I (10 Nos., CIDR), group II (10 Nos., CIDR + GnRH), group III (10 Nos.,
Progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponge) and group IV (10 Nos., Progesterone
depot injection). The CIDR and intravaginal sponges were retained in the vagina for 9
days and manually removed on 10th day in respective groups. In addition, the group II
animals received 5 ml of GnRH at the time of AI. The group IV animals were injected
with 500 mg hydroxyprogesterone caproate i.m. twice at 10 days interval. Ten numbers
of regular cycling buffaloes maintained at similar management and feeding conditions
were selected to serve as control. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein before
the initiation of treatment as well as on the day of estrus, day 10 and day 21 post estrus
in treatment and control groups for the analysis of progesterone and estradiol hormone
level in plasma. It was observed that the plasma progesterone level was ranged between
0.24 and 0.39 ng/ml before treatment as well as at estrus in all the groups. Subsequently
the level rose to between 3.59 and 4.29 ng/ml on day 10 of estrous cycle in all the
groups, which indicated the active state of corpus luteum. On day 21, the level remained
elevated in the pregnant animals indicating the continuation of life of corpus luteum.
The progesterone level in non-pregnant animals in all the groups returned to basal level
on day 21 and is similar to day 0 value of the cycle. There was no significant variation in
the progesterone level between groups at different days of estrous cycle. The mean
estradiol level before inducing ovarian activity was between 8.70 and 12.66 pg/ml in all
the groups. The estradiol level was elevated to between 21.36 and 29.39 pg/ml on the
day of estrus in all the groups. On day 10 of estrous cycle, the level ranged between
10.88 and 15.77 pg/ml. On day 21, the animals that conceived had estradiol level similar
to the level on day 10 of estrous cycle. The non-pregnant animals showed estradiol value
as that of previous estrus which indicated resumption of ovarian cyclicity for next cycle.
However, no significant difference was noticed between groups during different days of
estrous cycle. The observations of the present study indicated that the anestrus buffaloes
responded well to the progesterone treatment and was comparable to regular cyclic
animals.
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RIRT 07 Effects of Tinospora cordifolia supplementation on semen quality and
hormonal profile in rams
Jayaganthan P., Perumal P., Balamurugan T.C., Verma R.P., Singh L.P., Pattanaik
A.K. and Kataria Meena
Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of
Tinospora cordifolia on physico-morphological, biochemical, antioxidant profiles and
serum testosterone concentration in Muzzafarnagari rams. Twelve rams were randomly
divided into two groups, control (n = 6) and supplemental (n = 6) group. The control
group was fed with a diet satisfying NRC recommendations whereas the supplemental
group was fed with T. cordifolia at the rate of 1g/Kg body weight for 6 months. The
semen samples were collected 60 days post-feeding. The result revealed that T.
cordifolia supplementation did not have a significant effect on physico-morphological,
biochemical attributes of semen and serum testosterone concentrations in rams. The
concentration of cholesterol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were, however,
increased (P< 0.05) in seminal plasma. It was concluded that the possible protective
effects of T. cordifolia supplementation were enhancing antioxidant enzymes and
cholesterol concentrations in semen which may be protected the spermatozoa during
cryopreservation and thus enhancing fertility in farm animals.
RIRT 08 Maturation timing and fetal bovine serum concentration for developmental
potential of sheep oocytes in vitro
Mishra Ashish, Gupta P. S. P., Sejian V., Reddy I. J. and Ravindra J. P.
Animal Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An oocyte must undergo both cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation for successful
embryonic development. Serum is a combination of proteins, fatty acids, vitamins,
hormones, growth factors etc. and an essential supplementation of in vitro media. The
present study was conducted in vitro to assess the maturation duration of sheep oocytes
as well as to observe the developmental potential of oocytes in different concentrations
of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from
follicles (2-6mm) of ovaries collected from local slaughter house into the aspiration
medium (TCM-199+ FBS+ BSA). Oocytes with homogenous cytoplasm and compact
cumulus were selected and randomly divided into two groups and matured at 38.5oC, 5%
CO2 for 24 h (Group I) and for 27 h (Group II). Maturation rate was assessed based on
the degree of cumulus expansion and extrusion of polar body by aceto-orcein staining
method. It was observed that maturation percentage (82% vs 76%) was significantly
more in oocytes matured for 27 h than 24 h. In the second experiment oocytes were
selected and randomly divided into two groups and matured with 10%FBS (Group I) and
20% FBS (Group II) supplemented with pyruvate, glutamine and FSH. After maturation,
oocytes were fertilized in vitro by fresh semen for 18 h. Presumptive zygotes in both the
groups were again divided in to two groups and cultured in 10% FBS and 20%FBS
respectively. It was observed that supplementation of 10% FBS and 20% FBS in
maturation medium did not influence maturation percentage (82% vs 79%) significantly.
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Out of four culture groups, presumptive zygotes matured in 20% FBS and cultured in
20%FBS showed significant increase in cleavage percentage (44% vs 39%, 35%, 27%)
as compared to other three groups but subsequent development to morula (83% vs 80%,
71%, 55%) and blastocyst (24% vs 22%, 21%,18%) percentage were more in the group
matured in 10% FBS and cultured in 20%FBS. In this study cleavage percentage was
calculated from the number of oocytes fertilized where as morula and blastocysts
percentage were calculated from the number of embryos cleaved.
RIRT 09 Study on impact of different hormonal protocols used for induction of estrus
and fertility in buffaloes under field conditions in Haryana
Vikash, Virmani Meenakshi, Malik R.K. and Bamel P.S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLRUVAS, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of the study was to test the efficacy of different hormonal protocols for
induction of estrus and fertility in buffaloes. Impact of the hormonal preparations used
by the field veterinarians to treat a total of 1467 buffaloes with history of anestrus and
infertility belonging to different agro-climatic zones of Haryana was analyzed during the
period of study. The data of treated buffaloes so obtained was divided into four major
groups depending upon the treatment protocol used, viz., CIDR group (n=729), GnRH
group (n=300), PG group (n=395) and miscellaneous group (n=43). The CIDR group
animals were further subdivided into CIDR alone, CIDR-PMSG, CIDR-PG, CIDR-
GnRH-PG and CIDR-GnRH FT AI subgroups. GnRH group animals were subdivided
into GnRH alone, GnRH-PG and GnRH-PG-GnRH protocols. PG group animals were
categorized into PG single and PG double subgroups. Miscellaneous group animals were
treated with either hCG alone or PMSG alone. The overall estrus induction rate of
animals treated with CIDR protocols, GnRH protocols, PG protocols and miscellaneous
protocols were 93.50%, 86.00%, 89.30% and 88.30% respectively. Out of animals that
expressed estrus, 69.50%, 67.00%, 61.70% and 68.42% animals respectively for all the
four treatment groups were conceived at 1st induced service and 5.70%, 4.00%, 8.70%
and 0.00% respectively treated animals conceived at 2nd
service respectively. It can be
concluded that by use GnRH and PGF2α in combination with Progesterone based CIDR
protocol subsequently improves the estrus induction and pregnancy rates in buffaloes
under field conditions.
RIRT 10 Development of soy based extender with optimum osmolality to improve
semen quality in Murrah bulls
Bishist R., Raina V.S., Bhakat M., Gupta A.K., Mohanty T.K. and Rao T.K.S.
Artificial Breeding Research Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted at Artificial Breeding Research Centre, NDRI, Karnal to assess
the effect of different osmolality levels (240, 260, 280 and 300mosmol/kg) of soy based
extender on quality of Murrah buffalo bulls ejaculates preserved at refrigerator and
frozen (-1960C) temperature. A comparative performance of buffalo semen extended in
soy based diluents with different osmolalities was studied for its preservability at
refrigerator (50C) and ultralow temperature (-196
0C). Results of the present study
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demonstrated that at refrigerator temperature up to 72 h overall sperm motility, non
eosinophilic count, HOST and intact acrosome values were significantly (p<0.05)
higher; and head, mid piece and tail sperm abnormalities were significantly (p<0.05)
lower in extender with osmolality 260mosmol/kg followed by the extenders with
240mosmol/kg. Similarly, after cryopreservation overall post thaw sperm motility, non
eosinophilic count, HOST and intact acrosome values were significantly higher; and
head, mid piece, tail and total sperm abnormalities were significantly lower in extender
with osmolality 260mosmol/kg followed by 240mosmol/kg. Therefore, it can be
concluded that osmolality of soy based extender should be kept around 260mosmol/kg
for maintaining optimum quality of buffalo semen preserved at refrigerator (50C) as well
as ultra-low temperature (-1960C).
RIRT 11 Optimization of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid concentration in Buck
semen dilutor
Gangwar Chetna, Ranjan R., Kharche S. D., Kumar Satish, Goel A. K.,
Ramachandran N., Jindal S. K. and Agrawal S. K.
Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A total of thirty five ejaculates from adult Sirohi bucks (2-4 years old) maintained at this
Institute under semi intensive management system were utilized for the present study to
find out the freezability of buck semen at different levels of ethelene diamine tetra acetic
acid (EDTA: 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%) by conventional method of freezing. The
ejaculates were collected twice at weekly intervals using artificial vagina and were
extended to maintain sperms concentration approximately 100 million per dose (0.25
ml) with Tris- Citric acid- Fructose (TCF) diluent having 10% (v/v) egg yolk and 6%
(v/v) glycerol as cryo protecting agent. Filling and sealing of straws were done at 5ºC in
cold handing cabinet after 4 h of equilibration period then straws were vapor frozen for
10 minutes above 2 cm of liquid nitrogen and finally put in to liquid nitrogen. Post thaw
motility, live sperm count, abnormalities, acrosomal integrity and hypo osmotic swelling
test has been conducted to know freezibility. Analysis of data using SPSS 16 revealed
that post thaw motility, live sperm count, abnormalities, acrosomal integrity and hypo
osmotic swelling positive spermatozoa differed significantly (p<0.05) at different levels
of EDTA. The post thaw motility, live sperm count, acrosomal integrity and hypo
osmotic swelling positive spermatozoa were significantly highest in 0.1% of EDTA used
in the present study. So, 0.1% EDTA can be used as an additive in semen dilutor in
routine freezing process for better post thaw recovery.
RIRT 12 Enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells by using magnate assisted cell
sorting and CD9 cell surface marker
Kumar Mahesh, Mandal DK, Tyagi S, Mathur AK, Sharma Ankur and Verma
Jitendra
Project Directorate on Cattle, Meerut Cantonment, Meerut
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The experiment was designed to look for the efficacy of magnate assisted cell sorting
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technology for enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) because scanty SSCs are
present in the cell suspension of testicular samples. The samples were collected from
dead bulls‟ testes by autopsy. A routine enzymatic digestion process (Collagenase,
Hyluronidase and DNase enzymes) was followed for isolation of SSCs. One culture was
used as control which was not processed for enrichment. Antibodies against CD9, a
surface protein present on proliferating and differentiating cells, were used to attach
target cells with magnetic beads. Incubation of cell suspension (25x 105
cells/ml) with
primary antibodies against CD9 for 15minutes at 40C was followed by three washing
with buffer (PBS+1% BSA, pH-7.4). Later on 1x107
nanobeads bound to secondary
antibodies were added to the cell suspension for 20-30 minutes with continuous rotation
@ 10 rotations per min. Beads were detached from targeted cells by incubation of cells
with DMEM + 5%FCS for 6 hours at 370C, and there after the CD9 positive cells were
cultured in DMEM containing serum. After fourteen days of culture, the SSCs colonies
were phenotypically characterized with florescent isotyocynate tagged secondary
antibodies targeting CD9 surface markers. More number of colonies was present in the
CD9 sorted cell suspension in comparison to the controlled cell suspension. Our findings
suggest that CD9 serves a good surface marker to characterize the SSCs colonies in vitro
and magnate assisted cell sorting can be used as method of SSCs enrichment by
targeting the CD9 surface marker.
RIRT 13 Seed germination inhibition test for pregnancy detection in Amrit Mahal
cows
Kiran M. and Narayana Swamy M.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, KVAFSU, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In the present study, the seed germination inhibition technique was applied to diagnose
pregnancy in Amrit mahal cattle breed from the Amrith Mahal cattle breeding center,
Ajjampura, Chikkamagalur district, Karnataka. The urine samples collected from six
inseminated Amrit mahal cows at two months of post insemination served as positive
group and the urine from six non inseminated Amrit mahal cows served as negative
group. In both the cases, the urine was diluted at the ratio of 1:4 with distilled water. In
each sterile Petri dish fifteen wheat seeds were taken on the blotting paper and 15 ml of
diluted urine was added. For each cow the test was conducted with a replica of six tests
in six Petri dishes. Control test was also carried out with the addition of water only to the
wheat seeds. The Petri dishes were covered with the trays to avoid evaporation. After
three days, the seeds were examined for germination inhibition percentage in positive,
negative and control groups, wherein the mean germination inhibition percentage was
769.32 ± 2.76, 26.75 ± 2.43 and 22.34 ± 2.86, respectively. The mean shoot length of the
germinated wheat seeds on fifth day was 0.93 ± 0.38, 3.83 ± 0.49 and 6.12 ± 0.74 cm in
positive, negative and control groups, respectively. Mean germination inhibition percent
and reduced shoot length in positive group of Amrit mahal cattle was indicative of
pregnancy state. It was concluded that the seed germination inhibition technique is
useful to detect pregnancy in Amrit mahal cattle as a simple, non-invasive and
economical method.
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RIRT 14 Influence of nuclear stage of oocyte during vitrification on the in vitro
maturation of caprine oocytes
Vinayaki M. Sundara, Majumdar A.C. and Sharma G. Taru
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Immature oocytes were found to be more sensitive freezing injury than in vitro maturing
or matured oocytes. A main reason for reduced developmental competence of
cryopreserved oocytes is primarily due to damage of the genetic material. Recently,
studies have focused on vitrification as a method for cryopreservation of oocytes to
overcome the limitations of slow freezing. The present study was undertaken to develop
an efficient protocol and suitable maturation time for vitrification of goat oocytes. Goat
ovaries obtained from the local slaughterhouse were transported to the laboratory in
normal saline supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin 100 IU/ml, streptomycin 50
µg/ml) and antimycotics (amphotericin 2.5mg/L) at 35⁰C within 2 hours. The caprine
oocytes were vitrified at 0 (Group 1), 6 (Group 2), 12 (Group 3), 18 (Group 4) and 27
(Group 5) hours of maturation. Vitrified oocytes were thawed and allowed to complete
27 hours of maturation. The in vitro maturation was done in TCM-199 supplemented
with 10% estrous goat serum, 0.5 μg/ml FSH, 100 IU/ml LH, 1 μg/ml 17 β-oestradiol
supplemented with antibiotics 83.3 and 76.6% of oocytes reached M II stage at control
and group 3 which differs significantly from other groups. From this study, it is
concluded that successful in vitro maturation of vitrified caprine oocytes affected by the
nuclear stage at which they were subjected to vitrification. Caprine oocytes can
successfully vitrified 12 hours after maturation at which time metaphase II stage may be
reached.
RIRT 15 Steroid and metabolic hormonal profile of porcine follicular fluid
Borah S., Naskar S., Sarmah B.C., Goswami J., Thomas R., Vashi Y., Dhara S. K.
National Research Center on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The ovarian follicular fluid provides suitable microenvironment for the development,
growth and maturation of the oocyte and is vital for maintenance of fertility in mammals
through its autocrine and paracrine regulation of physiological, biochemical and
metabolic processes of the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte and
subsequent ovulation. In the present experiment, hormonal profile namely cortisol,
triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and testosterone in follicular fluid (FF) of pig of
two different genetic groups was estimated for understanding their probable role in
attainment of sexual maturity and influence on litter size traits. Follicular fluid from
antral follicles of gilt (n=8) and sow (n=8) belonging to either of genetic groups, namely
Ghungroo (indigenous) and Hampshire x Ghungroo (crossbred) were collected, and
hormonal profile was estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Concentration of all the
four hormones in follicular fluid of Ghungroo pigs was lower than of crossbred (p<0.05)
except T3 in (Ghungroo) gilt. The result may partly substantiate early onset of puberty
and better litter size traits observed in Ghungroo pigs, since thyroid hormones directly
alter granulosa cell steriodogenesis and elevated testosterone in follicular fluid results in
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lower oocyte quality and cleavage rate post-fertilization.
RIRT 16 Expression profile of H19, Igf2r, Igf2 and Nnat gene during preimplantation
development in Capra hircus
Ranjan R., Singh Renu, Kumar Kuldeep, Kharche S. D., Jindal S.K., Gangwar
Chetna, Sarkar M., Das B. C., Bag Sadhan and Agrawal S. K.
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present research work has been proposed with the objectives to compare the expression
of development related genes among diploid parthenogenetic (DIP), in vivo and in vitro
produced embryos in caprine. The good quality caprine oocytes were matured in presence of
cytochalasin B and activated by 7% ethanol for 5 min followed by incubation with 2mM
DMAP for 4 hrs for diploid parthenogenetic embryos production and embryo development
was recorded. We have explored comparative expression profile of two paternally (H19 and
Igf2r) and two maternally (Igf2 and Nnat) imprinted genes among DIP, female sexed IVF
and female sexed in vivo derived embryos. Embryonic cell colony were developed from 8-
16 and morula stage DIP, IVF and in vivo derived embryos and these colonies were used for
studying the developmental related genes.The expression of H19 and Igf2r gene was up
regulated significantly (P<0.05) in DIP and IVF derived 8-16 and morula as compared to in
vivo one. Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 gene (Igf2) gene expression was significantly
(P<0.05) down regulated in both stages of DIP embryos as compared to IVF derived ones.
Interestingly, in both the stages, there was also no significant difference (P<0.05) between
DIP and in vivo derived embryos. The Nnat (Neuronatin) gene expression was significantly
lower in DIP embryos of both the stages as compared to IVF one. There was no significant
difference (P<0.05) of this gene expression between 8-16 cell and morula of DIP but morula
of IVF showed significantly higher (P<0.05) expression than 8-16 cell stage. The results
indicated that the paternally imprinted genes were expressed in DIP embryos and the
expression was significantly up regulated as compared to in vivo derived one. Similarly,
maternally imprinted genes were also expressed by all the DIP embryos of both the stages.
However, the expression was quite lower than IVF and in vivo derived embryos. In
conclusion, the present study demonstrated the comparative expression profile of some
important paternal and maternally expressed genes which seems responsible for proper
growth of fetus among DIP, IVF and in vivo derived preimplantation embryos. To the best
of the knowledge this is the first report on comparative expression of some paternal as well
as maternally imprinted genes in caprine preimplantation embryos among parthenogenetic,
female sexed IVF and female sexed in vivo derived embryos.
RIRT 17 Effect of exogenous GnRH and PGF2α on postpartum estrus activity of
Jaffrabadi buffaloes
Ahlawat A.R., Vataliya P.H., Ghodasara S.N., and Murthy K.S.
Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The main native tract of Jaffarabadi buffaloes is Saurashtra region of Gujarat. These
animals though very good milkers, have a very high age at first calving and a long inter-
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calving period. Delayed resumption of postpartum estrous activity is a most vital factor
responsible for poor reproductive efficiency of these animals. GnRH and PGF2α and
their analogue has been used for induction of estrus and fertility in anestrous bovines by
various workers. The present study was conducted on Pluriparous Jaffrabadi buffaloes
(n=20). The age and the parity of the buffaloes ranged from 5 to 12 and 2 to 6
respectively. The animals calved normally during the months of Nov to March were
included in the study. All the experimental animal were divided in two groups. Group I
animals (GnRH treated, Receptal) were having smooth ovaries while Group II (PGF2α,
Clostrinol) animals were having a palpable CL. In group I fifty percent of the animals
responded to treatment while in group II eighty percent of the animals responded to
treatment. The mean duration for estrus induction in group I and II was 14.77 ±1.57
days and 2.9175±0.04 days. Three out of five animal (conception rate of 60%) in group I
conceived while six out of the eight animal (conception rate of 75%) in group II
conceived.
RIRT 18 Effect of sericin on freezability of buffalo spermatozoa
Kumar Pradeep, Singh Pawan, Kumar D. and Sikka P.
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Silk sericin is a kind of water-soluble globular protein (a protein hydrolysate) derived
from silkworm Bombyxmori. The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of
sericin on freezability of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Semen was collected from four
breeding Murrah buffalo bulls (3-5 years age). The commercially available semen
extender AndroMed® supplemented with different concentrations of sericinwas used for
extending the semen. The equilibrated semen was frozen into a programmable
biologicalfreezer.Sperm kinetics and motility was assessed by using CASA system
(IVOS 12.1, Hamilton-Thorne Biosciences, Beverly, MA, USA).Acrosome integrity and
membrane integrity were assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut
agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and Hypo-osmotic swelling testrespectively. The enzymatic
activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA were alsoestimated.The percentage of total
motility and progressive motility were significantly higher in the sample treated with
0.25, 0.5 and 1% sericin while lower motility in the sample treated with 1.5 and 2%
sericin as compared to control group (P < 0.05). Sericin 0.25, 0.5 and 1% treatment
exhibited improvement in higher plasma membrane integrity as compared to control
group. However, no difference was observed for acrosomal integrity among treated and
control groups.We found all sericin supplemented samples had enhanced value of SOD
and GPx level than control group. Their value did not increase in dose dependent
manner. Supplementation of the medium with 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % sericin concentration
decreased the rate of lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, sericin supplementation to
freezing extender increased the survival of buffalo sperm in a dose-independent manner
but higher concentration had detrimental effect on sperm motility, membrane integrity,
antioxidant activity and lipid-peroxidation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
report that sperm are protected against oxidative stress during cryopreservation by
usingsericin as additive.
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RIRT 19 Effect of recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor on in vitro maturation of
buffalo oocytes evaluated by the subsequent development of embryos
Eswari S. and Sharma G. Taru
Division of Physiology and Climatology, IVRI, Izat Nagar
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Successful in vitro production of high quality embryos mainly depends on the use of a
culture system that ensures the acquisition of developmental competence by the
maturing oocyte. It is already proved that the in vitro maturation environment has a
major influence on the oocyte's ability to acquire the potential to develop into good
quality blastocysts. This study was conducted to examine the effect of supplementation
of recombinant LIF in oocyte culture media on maturation rate and subsequent embryo
development in vitro. Our results showed that supplementation of rLIF in oocyte
maturation media have impact on maturation rate and quality of embryos. The oocytes
collected from slaughter house ovaries were allocated randomly to four different
maturation treatments. The group I was the basic maturation medium (MM; TCM-199
supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.5μg/ml FSH, 5.0 μg/ml LH, 1μg/ml Estradiol-17β and
50 μg/ml Gentamicin). The other three treatment groups consisted of the maturation
medium (MM) plus rLIF at three different concentrations (group II; 1000, group III; 500
and group IV; 100ng/ml). The maturation rate observed for the group IV was (79%)
similar to that for the group I (78.4%). The highest maturation rate (84.5%) recorded in
the group II, was higher (P<0.05) than for the group III (81.49%), group IV (79%) and
group I (78.4%). The proportion of cleaved oocytes developed to blastocyst stage and
hatching was also higher in group II (25.9%, 17.8% P<0.05) than in group I (15.5%,
10.8%), and other LIF treated groups. Group III differ significantly (20.9%, 14.8%;
P<0.05) with group I (15.5%, 10.8%; P<0.05) but did not differ significantly with group
IV (17.2%, 11.3%). Similarly the total cell numbers also differ significantly between
groups. It was concluded that supplementing the maturation medium with LIF improved
the oocyte competence in in vitro culture as reflected by increased cleavage rate,
blastocyst yield and hatching rate.
RIRT 20 A study to evaluate effect of high and low egg yolk concentration on
capacitation like changes in cryopreserved goat semen
Baghel G., Yadav S., Kumar J., Yadav B., Anand M. and Madan A. K.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was designed to study the effects of different stages of semen
processing on spermatozoa of Barbari breed of goat. Five normal, healthy adult Barbari
bucks aged between 2- 4 years, weighing 25-35 kg reared at the experimental goat sheds
of Department of Physiology, DUVASU, Mathura (U.P.) were used as experimental
animals. The animals were fed concentrate mixture @ 250g having, DCP 13% and TDN
69% and 1 kg of green fodder (Berseem or Lucerne and Oat) was provided per animal
per day, besides 4-6 hrs of grazing at a nearby field. Semen was collected twice a week
using artificial vagina (length=20cm and diameter=4.5cm) into graduated cups attached
to one end of the artificial vagina. Immediately after collection, semen was evaluated
and later divided into two equal parts A and B. Part A was diluted with semen extender
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containing 3% egg yolk while part B was mixed with semen extender with 20% egg
yolk. Both the samples were then cryopreserved and later subjected to thawing and
evaluated. Semen was evaluated for three patterns i.e Pattern F, Pattern B and Pattern
AR. The observed mean (±S.E.) values of spermatozoa showing CTC pattern F in frozen
thawed semen in 0.3% egg yolk and 20% egg yolk were 24.87±0.69 and 28.13±0.74 per
cent respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed in mean (±S.E.) values
of spermatozoa showing CTC pattern F in semen at 3% and 20% egg yolk in dilutor.
The observed mean (±S.E.) values of spermatozoa showing CTC pattern B in frozen
thawed semen in 0.3% egg yolk without centrifugation, 20% egg yolk without
centrifugation were 52.37±0.79 and 51.07±0.86 per cent respectively. A significant
difference (P≤0.01) was observed in mean (±S.E.) values of spermatozoa showing CTC
pattern B in semen at 3% and 20% levels of egg yolk in dilutor. The mean (±S.E.) values
of spermatozoa showing CTC pattern AR in frozen thawed semen in 0.3% egg yolk and
20% egg yolk were 22.77±0.31and 20.80±0.35 per cent respectively. A significant
difference (P≤0.01) was observed in pattern AR at two different levels of egg yolk
concentration in semen diluter indicating that the semen diluted with 3% egg yolk gives
better results after cryopreservation.
RIRT 21 Capacitation like changes in Barbari buck semen subjected to
cryopreservation
Baghel G., Yadav S., Madan A. K., Anand M., Kumar J. and Yadav B.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted on 5 Barbari bucks aged between 2.0 to 4.0 years, weighing
between 25-35 kg, reared at the experimental goat sheds of Department of Physiology,
DUVASU, Mathura (U.P.).The semen samples were collected twice a week from each
buck using artificial vagina. Collected sample were pooled and immediately evaluated
for seminal attributes and cryopreserved. Later cryopreserved semen samples were
analyzed for capacitation like changes using chlortetracycline (CTC) staining technique,
during different steps involved in semen cryopreservation. Three different patterns for
sperms were evaluated during the experiment viz., Pattern F, Pattern B and Pattern AR.
The neat ejaculated semen showed 73.93±0.27 percent sperms with Pattern F,
20.07±0.22 percent sperms with Pattern B and 6.00± 0.17 percent sperm with pattern
AR. The diluted semen had 67.90 ±0.27, 23.11±0.21, 8.94±0.11, Semen after
equilibration showed 62.31±0.30, 25.09±0.20,12.60±0.14 while thawed semen showed
46.79±0.67, 26.45±0.44 and 21.79±0.20 percent sperms with Pattern F, B, AR. A
significant decrease was observed in the sperms with Pattern F while a significant
increase was observed in the Pattern B, AR during the subsequent steps during
cryopreservation indicating deteriorative changes in the spermatozoa and decrease in the
semen quality on exposure to lower temperature.
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RIRT 22 Effect of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and their combination on plasma membrane
integrity of spermatozoa during cryopreservation.
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Kumar J., Yadav B., Anand M. and Yadav S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Study was conducted to assess influence of vitamin E, vitamin C and its combination
(vitamin E+C) as anti-oxidants on semen characteristics and functional integrity during
different steps of freezing and thawing in Bhadawari bulls. Four Bhadawari bulls aged
between 3-4 years and weighing between 350-450 kg were selected for experiment.
Semen was collected from 4 bulls twice a week and a total of 32 collections (8
collections per bull) were utilized. After initial evaluation, each semen sample was
pooled and split into 4 equal fractions according to proposed treatments (T1, T2, T3 and
C). Fractions were diluted in tris egg yolk extender containing either vitamin E
@0.3mg/ml (TEY-E)–T1, Vitamin C @2.0mM/ml (TEY-C)-T2, combination of vitamin
C and E (TYC- C+E) –T3 and without any additive (TEY)- C, which acted as control.
Diluted semen fractions were subjected to freezing and thawing process. HOST was
analyzed at each step during cryopreservation and after thawing to study effect of
vitamin C, Vitamin E and its combination. Observed mean (±S.E.) of HOST in control
group was 67.91±0.66 % just after dilution, 62.50±0.60 % after equilibration and
57.00±0.61 % after post thaw semen evaluation. The values observed after different
antioxidants supplementation (Vitamin E, vitamin C, Vitamin E+C) in semen extender
utilized for semen dilution in different trial groups was 72.41±0.69, 70.28±0.71 and
76.09±0.89 just after dilution, 67.00±0.75, 64.97±0.71 and 70.22±0.76 after
equilibration and 61.75±0.71, 59.63±0.65 and 65.00±0.70 % after post thaw,
respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed in HOST at different steps
of freezing and thawing both within groups and between groups. A significantly higher
value of HOST was observed just after dilution in all three trial groups when compared
with control group. A significant difference was also observed between trial groups with
highest values observed in T-3 followed by T-1 and T-2 in all three steps followed for
freezing-thawing process. A significant difference was observed within control and
different trial groups with highest observed mean (±SE) of HOST just after dilution
followed by equilibration and post thaw evaluation.
RIRT 23 Role of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and their combination as antioxidant to
maintain acrosomal integrity in cryopreserved semen.
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Yadav B., Anand M., Yadav S. and Kumar J.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Study was conducted to determine effect of vitamin E, Vitamin C and combination of
vitamin E+C on acrosomal integrity of cryopreserved Bhadawari bull spermatozoa. Four
Bhadawari buffalo bulls aged between 3-6 years and weighing between 300-450 kg
body weight, reared at the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC), DUVASU,
Mathura were selected. Semen was collected from 4 bulls twice a week and a total of 32
collections (8 collections per bull) were utilized. Collected semen was pooled and
divided into four fractions. Each sample was diluted with a Tris-based extender
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containing antioxidants vitamin E (5 mM) and vitamin C (5 mM), and an Vitamin E+C
combination (13%), and an extender containing no antioxidants (control), were cooled to
5 °C and frozen in 0.25-ml French straws in liquid nitrogen. Frozen straws were thawed
individually at 37 °C for 20 s in a water bath for evaluation for % intact acrosomes. The
observed mean ±S.E. of intact acrosome in control group was 80.16±0.50 % just after
dilution, 74.59±0.51 % after equilibration and 69.41±0.54 % after post thaw semen
evaluation. The values observed after different antioxidants supplementation in semen
extender utilized for semen dilution in different trial groups was 84.50±0.41, 81.75±0.47
and 87.03±0.62 % just after dilution, 79.22±0.51, 76.91±0.51 and 81.38±0.53 % after
equilibration and 74.00±0.49, 71.59±0.48 and 76.06±0.53 % post thawing, respectively.
A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed in acrosomal integrity at different steps
of freezing and thawing both within groups and between groups. A significantly higher
value of acrosomal integrity was observed just after dilution in all three trial groups
when compared with control group. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was also observed
between trial groups with highest values observed in the T-3 followed by T-1 and T-2 in
all the three steps followed for freezing-thawing process. A significant difference was
observed within control and different trial groups with highest observed mean (±SE) of
acrosomal integrity just after dilution followed by equilibration and post thaw
evaluation.
RIRT 24 Segment specific characterization of epididymal sperms of bucks
Swornkar P., Kumar J., Swain D.K. and S. Yadav
COVSc and AH, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was designed to study the segment specific variations in the sperm
quality in epididymis of bucks. 15 pairs of testes were taken for the evaluation of sperm
features in caput, corpus and cauda parts of epididymis. The study revealed a significant
(P<0.01) increased protein content in tissue homogenate from caput to cauda
epididymis, whereas, protein content of epididymal fluid gradually decreased from caput
to cauda epididymis. Sperm motility was increased significantly (P<0.01) from caput to
cauda epididymis, whereas, sperm livability exhibited no significant difference between
the three parts of the epididymis. Significant (P<0.01) difference was found for sperms
having both proximal and distal droplets between all the three segments of buck
epididymis. Sperms having no head were found to be significantly (P<0.01) different
between caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. Acrosomal integrity was found to be
significantly (P<0.01) different between three segments. Acrosomal integrity in terms of
intactness increased from caput to cauda and also revealed significant (P<0.01)
difference between the segments. Hypoosmotic swollen positive spermatozoa showed a
significant (P<0.01) difference between caput, corpus and cauda parts of epididymis and
HOST positive spermatozoa was increased from caput to cauda epididymis. From the
study it was evident that , sperm undergoes differential modifications as it move from
caput to cauda part of the epididymis. This modification occurs due to the secretions of
epididymal segments in segment specific manner. Further studies are required to
characterize these secretions of the epididymal segments.
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NEP 01 SNP detection in Growth hormone gene and its association with male
reproduction in Indian crossbred cattle
Pal Aruna and Chatterjee P.N.
Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West
Bengal, India
________________________________________________________________________________________
The decline in the male reproductive ability in terms of sexual behavior and seminal traits
may lead to non-availability of required number of bulls in progeny testing progamme.
The present study was conducted in 493 crossbred cattle (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) bulls
to study the polymorphisms of Growth Hormone (GH) gene and its association with
seminal and sexual-behavioral characteristics. A 428 bp fragment of GH gene spanning
over 4th exon, 4
th intron and 5
th exon was amplified and digested with AluI restriction
enzyme. Bulls were found to be polymorphic, with two variants LL and LV, and higher
genotypic frequency for LL being 0.88. Twelve nucleotide changes and a single non-
synonymous substitution of Leucine by Valine were observed from GH1 (L) to GH2 (V).
Statistical analysis revealed that this non-synonymous substitution had a significant effect
on libido score, reaction time, Flehmen‟s response, requirement of mounting stimulus,
sperm mass activity, number of semen doses per collection, individual fresh sperm
motility and post-thaw sperm motility, acrosome integrity, hypo-osmotic swelling test,
live and dead count, total morphological abnormality and head abnormality of sperms in
crossbred bulls. GH gene may be considered as a candidate gene for seminal and sexual
behavioral traits in crossbred cattle.
NEP 02 Hormone profile, blood metabolites during pregnancy and periparturient
period in Alpine X Beetal crossbred goats
Khan J. R. and Ludri R. S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and A.H,
Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg, Chhatisgarh
________________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted on 18 non-lactating non-pregnant Alpine X Beetal crossbred
goats. The goats were divided into two groups. In group-I, 10 goats received natural
service and were conceived whereas in group-II 8 goats were not mated and remained
non-pregnant and served as control. The experiment was conducted in the month of
November and continued up to April. All the goats were fed with green fodder consisting
of Berseem and mustard. The concentrate mixture having 19.50% CP and 72% TDN was
fed during morning and evening. The juglar blood sample was collected in vacutainer
tubes on day one after estrus and thereafter at fortnightly interval up to 10 fortnights.
During peripartuient period the samples were collected on day -20,-15,-10,-5,-4,-3,-2,-1
before and on the day of kidding and thereafter on days +1,+2,+3,+4,+5,+10,+15 and +20
after kidding. The hormones viz. Progesterone, estradiol-17 β, Cortisol, Growth
Hormone, T3, T4, insulin were estimated by RIA kits and blood metabolites viz. Blood
Glucose and plasma NEFA were estimated by standard methods. The gestation length in
these goats ranges from 145-157 days with an average of 150.7 days. In pregnant goats
the level of progesterone increase from 1st fortnight till 7
th fortnight, thereafter, started
declining, the rate of decline was faster from day 20 onwards. On the day of kidding the
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values were still higher which dropped to nearly basal level after day one of kidding and
remained at basal level up to day 20 postpartum. Twin bearing goats had higher level of
plasma progesterone from 3rd
fortnight onwards which may be due to number of corpora
leutea present. The mean plasma estradiol-17 β were significantly higher in non-pregnant
goats compare to the pregnant goats. The high level of estradiol-17 β in non-pregnant
goats appears to be of ovarian origin. There was increase in the level during prepartum
period and an abrupt spurd in the level on the day of kidding. The levels declined slowly
and acquired a plateau afterwards. The twin bearing goats have higher concentration of
plasma growth hormone compare to single bearing goats. Plasma cortisol level in
pregnant and non-pregnant goats did not differ significantly during 10th fortnight. The
prepartum values from day 5 till kidding remained elevated in twin bearing goats
compare to single bearing ones but in both the groups on the day of kidding the level was
significantly increased compared to day one prepartum. After kidding the levels abruptly
declined and remained similar in both the groups. There was no significant difference
between T3 level in pregnant and non pregnant goats up to 10th fortnight of the study.
However the levels were lowest on the day of kidding and increase afterwards. The
plasma T4 level was higher in non-pregnant compare to pregnant goats in sudden drop in
T4 level on day one before and on the day of kidding was observed. The twin bearing
goats have lower concentration compare to single bearing one. There was increase in
plasma Insulin concentration in pregnant goats from 6th fortnight onwards, When these
pregnant animals gained body weight significantly it suggests that the Insulin play their
role in partitioning of nutrient flow to reduce uptake by the dam‟s peripheral tissues.
Around kidding the level of Insulin decline. Single bearing goats had higher level of
Insulin. The Blood Glucose concentration was higher in non-pregnant goats compared to
pregnant goats. These differences existed after 6th fortnight when pregnant goat started
gaining in body weight significantly. One the day of kidding the Blood Glucose level
decline significantly. The plasma NEFA concentration were significantly higher in
pregnant in compare to non-pregnant goats. On the day of kidding the sharp increase in
plasma NEFA level occurred.
NEP 03 Correlation between hormones, blood metabolites, and hematological
parameters during pregnancy in Alpine X Beetal crossbred goats.
Khan J. R. and Ludri R. S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and A.H,
Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya , Anjora, Durg, Chhatisgarh
________________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted on 10 Alpine X Beetal crossbred goats. The goats were served
the natural service and got conceived. The blood sample was collected on the day one
after estrus and thereafter estrus and thereafter at fortnightly interval upto 10 fortnights
from all the animals. The hormone viz. Progesterone, Estradiol-17 β, Cortisol, Growth
Hormone, T3, T4, Insulin were estimated by RIA. The blood metabolites viz. Blood
Glucose and plasma NEFA was estimated to access the nutritional status of animal during
pregnancy. The hematological parameters viz. Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total
Leucocytic Count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), MCV, MCH, MCHC were
determined. The correlation coefficient (r) between various parameters viz. Hormonal
Profile, Blood metabolites and hematological parameters were determined in pregnant
goats. The value of r is based on 110 observations. The plasma progesterone was
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negatively correlated with growth hormone ( r = -0.2277), glucose ( r = - 0.214), and
NEFA ( r = 0.323) and positively correlated with Cortisol ( r= 0.265). During pregnancy
the plasma Estradiol was positively correlated with Prolactin (r= 0.328), Cortisol ( r=
0.237) and hemoglobin ( r =0.269) and negatively correlated with growth hormone ( r=
0.204), Insulin ( r = -0.318) and glucose ( r = -0.440). Plasma Prolactin was positively
correlated with T3 ( r = 0.203) and TEC ( r = 0.332) and negatively correlated with blood
glucose ( r = -0.299). The growth hormone concentration was negatively correlated with
Cortisol ( r = -0.316) and T3 ( r = 0.246). The triidotherionine (T3) was positively
correlated during pregnancy with T4 ( r = 0.210) and negatively correlated with glucose (
r = -0.223). The thyroxine concentration was positively correlated with NEFA ( r =
0.216) and TEC ( r =0.297) and negatively correlated with blood glucose concentration (
r = -0.266). The blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with hemoglobin
and TEC (r= -0.319, -0.416). The hemoglobin concentration was positively correlated
with TEC, PCV and TLC (r= 0.414, 0.540 and 0.229). The TEC was positively correlated
with PCV and TLC (r = 0.334, 0.356). The PCV was positively correlated with TLC (r =
0.304). The data indicate that there is correlation between hormones, blood metabolites
and hematological parameters during various stages of pregnancy in crossbred goats.
NEP 04 Effect of reduced dietary energy level on endocrine parameters and seminal
quality of native buck
Samad Hari Abdul, Maurya V. P., Singh Manav and Latheef Shyma K.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Goat farming, an integral part of agricultural production in India, mainly predominates in
semi-arid tropical areas, where animal production and reproduction are severely
hampered due to feed scarcity and energy deficiency. So the present study was conducted
to evaluate the effect of dietary energy level on the endocrine parameters (T3, T4, cortisol
and testosterone levels) and seminal parameters (semen volume, mass motility,
progressive motility, sperm concentration, live and dead sperm count, and acrosome
integrity) in native bucks. The study comprised of eight native breeding bucks of 23-25
kg which were treated as control animals for the first 10 weeks by feeding as per ICAR
requirement. The same animals were treated as treatment group for next 10 weeks in
order to avoid the individual variations and fed with fifty percentage concentrate
restriction as that of control. Throughout the study period animals were housed under
thermoneutral condition in the climatology chamber, IVRI Izatnagar, to negate
environmental effect. Blood was collected weekly once to analyse hormonal parameters
and semen was collected weekly twice to analyse seminal parameters. Among the
hormonal parameters serum T3, cortisol and testosterone levels were reduced
significantly (P< 0.05) in treatment group whereas serum T4 level was significantly
increased (P < 0.05) from that of control. Among the seminal parameters sperm motility,
concentration, acrosomal integrity, and livability were found to be reduce significantly
(P<0.05) in treatment group, whereas semen per ejaculate remains unchanged in the
treatment group. From the study, it can be concluded that even in 50% concentrate
restriction, in order to maintain its homeostasis, animal can readjust physiologically but
ultimately affect the fertility parameters.
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NEP 05 Studies on thyroid hormones and some biochemical constituents of follicular
fluid in buffalo
Rampure D.N., Dalvi S.H. and Malpani B. L.
Department of Biochemistry, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai
________________________________________________________________________________________
Present study investigated the levels of some biochemical constituents and thyroid
hormones in follicular fluid and serum and compared their concentrations in different size
follicles of buffaloes. Buffalo ovaries with unknown reproductive status were collected
from abattoir. The follicles visible on its surface were classified based on their diameter
as small (<5 mm), medium (5-10 mm) and large (>10 mm) follicles using digital vernier
caliper. Twenty four samples from follicles along with blood samples of buffaloes
belonging to respective category were collected. The follicular fluid and the serum
samples were analyzed for total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, glucose and hormones tri-
iodothyronine and thyroxine by using biochemical autoanalyser and radioimmunoassay
respectively. The results of the present study revealed that, there was no specific trend
observed in the levels of total proteins according to the size of the follicles but there is
significant difference (P<0.01) in the levels of total proteins in follicular fluid and serum.
There was significant variation (P<0.01) in the levels of albumin among the different
sized follicles but the variation did not show any definite trend. Lower levels of albumin
in the large follicle are suggestive of actively developed follicle which needs amino acids
and the ovary is one of the active tissues in catabolizing albumin. The albumin
concentration in the follicles was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of respective
sera. The levels of total cholesterol showed increasing trend as the size of the follicle
increases but the variations are not statistically significant. Higher cholesterol levels in
large follicle reflect more influx of cholesterol from blood pool into follicular fluid for
synthesis of follicular steroid hormones. In our study serum total cholesterol
concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of follicular fluid.
There was increasing trend of glucose concentration in the follicular fluid and also in the
serum of respective buffalo with increase in the size of the follicle but the difference was
non-significant. The results of the present study also indicated that the serum glucose
concentrations were significantly higher than the levels in the follicular fluid. There was
no variation in the serum levels of triiodothyronine between buffalo bearing small and
medium sized follicle while, highest serum level was observed in buffalo bearing large
sized follicle. The significant (P≤0.01) increase in the levels of T3 in large sized follicle
may attribute to the increase in the activity of monodeioniase enzyme. The follicular fluid
thyroxine level showed increasing trend with the size of the follicle but the variation was
not significant. In our study there was no significant variation in the levels of T4 in serum
and follicular fluid in all the groups.
NEP 06 Effect of mist and fan on the role of sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system
in Murrah buffaloes during summer season
Chaudhari Bijay Kumar and Singh Mahendra
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
________________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of this study wass to evaluate the effects of mist and fan on the role of
sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system in Murrah buffaloes during summer season
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(average temperature 420C) by measuring epinephrine and nor- epinephrine hormone.
The experiment was conducted for six weeks duration using twelve lactating Murrah
buffaloes to measure the effects of heat stress in hot dry season. Experimental buffaloes
were divided into two groups. First group was kept under mist and fan, while the second
group buffalo was without mist and fan. Average THI score during the experiment ranged
between 84.62 to 88.89. During summer season, mean levels of plasma epinephrine level
in control and treatment group of lactating Murrah buffaloes were 0.99±0.06 and 0.93±
0.04 ng/ml respectively. Plasma epinephrine was significantly (P<0.01) varied between
weeks, between groups and between animals during the experiment. The mean levels of
plasma norepinephrine in control and treatment group of lactating Murrah buffaloes were
1.04±0.06 and 0.98± 0.06ng/ml during summer season. The decrease in NE was more
with the use of mist plus fan in treatment in comparison to control group (P<0.01). The
mean of plasma norepinephrine varied significantly (P<0.01) between weeks, between
group and between animals. The increase in THI value in summer season concomitant to
increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine level in control group further suggests
activation of adrenal- medullary axis. It is also suggested that buffalo‟s natural
mechanism of heat loss (evaporative cooling) can be effectively achieved with a
combination of mist and fan that help in keeping the buffalo's body temperature as close
to normal for as much possible.
NEP 07 Effect of temperature on stress biomarkers in plasma and milk in Murrah
buffaloes during hot dry season
Chaudhari Bijay Kumar and Singh Mahendra
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
________________________________________________________________________________________
We used lactating Murrah buffaloes to investigate possibility of using hormones as stress
biomarkers in plasma and milk samples (prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol) in
Murrah buffaloes during hot dry season. Lactating Murrah buffaloes were selected from
the institute herd, experimental buffaloes were provided with mist and fan facilities while
another group of buffaloes served as control. The average maximum temperature during
the experiment varied (P<0.05) from 39.40-43.10ºC and the THI score ranged between
84.62 to 88.89. Blood and milk samples were collected from 15th of May to 30th of June
(six weeks). Use of mist and fan decreased (p<0.01) mean plasma cortisol level in
treatment group than control (3.62± 0.18 vs. 4.56±0.17 ng/ml) during hot dry season.
Mean levels of plasma prolactin in control and treatment group of lactating Murrah
buffaloes were 9.17±0.34 and 7.92± 0.35. Plasma growth hormone levels non-
significantly decreased in treatment group over the control (2.71±0.02 vs 2.88± 0.02) due
to cooling effect of mist plus fan. It was investigated that mist plus fan resulted in
significant decline (p<0.01) in milk hormone levels (cortisol and prolactin) in
experimental Murrah buffaloes during hot dry season in comparison to control, but milk
growth hormone was increased (p<0.01) due to mist plus fan cooling in experimental
group. We also found that the high but non extreme ambient temperatures often
encountered by buffaloes during hot dry season leads to increase in plasma levels of
prolactin and decrease in growth hormone in an adaptive manner. On the basis of
investigated parameters, it is concluded that plasma and milk prolactin and cortisol levels
are the most appropriate indicators of heat stress in buffaloes during hot dry season.
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NEP 08 Reproductive hormone responses to exogenous GnRH in Karan Fries bull
calves
Bharath Kumar B.S. and Pandita Sujata
Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
________________________________________________________________________________________
The present study investigated the LH, androstenedione, testosterone and total estrogens
response to exogenous GnRH and pre-treatment differences, amongKaran Fries bull
calves of different age groups. Fifteen Karan Fries bull calves were selected and based on
their age, were divided into group I (15-19 months, n=5), group II (9-11 months, n=5)
andgroup III (6-8 months, n=5). All bull calves were administered with 10µg of GnRH
(Buserelin acetate) intramuscularly. Blood samples were collected at an interval of 30
minutes from 1 hour before administration of GnRH till 4 hours post GnRH and
thereafter at an interval of 1 hour till 7 hours. The endocrine response in terms of pre-
treatment values, peak values, area under curve and time taken to attain peak values for
LH, androstenedione, testosterone and total estrogens was evaluated in all the bull calves.
The average pre-treatment levels of androstenedione in group I, group II and group III
bulls were 2.10±0.17, 0.98±0.24 and 0.05±0.01 ng/ml whereas the peak values post
GnRH administration were 3.01±0.72, 2.59±0.71 and 0.31±0.22, respectively. The
average pre-treatment concentrations of testosterone in group I, group II and group III
bulls were 0.97±0.08, 0.32±0.06 and 0.19±0.03ng/ml whereas the peak values post
GnRH administration were 2.95±0.31, 0.79 ± 0.30 and 0.52±0.17, respectively. The
average area under response curve of androstenedione in group I, group II and group III
bulls were 18.17±4.32, 8.32±2.93 and 0.91±0.35ng/ml X h, respectively. The average
area under response curve of testosterone in group I, group II and group III bulls were
11.37±2.25, 3.63±0.53 and 2.8±0.59ng/ml X h, respectively. Significant differences were
observed in the pre-treatment, peak concentrations and area under response curve for
androstenedione and testosterone among the groups, with response being higher in group
I bull calves. In spite of increasing the LH levels to sufficient concentrations, required for
androgens synthesis in testes by administering exogenous GnRH, only group I (15-19
months) bull calves were responsive, indicating the possible role of metabolic hormones,
growth factors and osteocalcin, along with LH as these other factors have a role in
steroidogenesis and varies with growth and body weight.
NEP 09 Effect of temperature variation on estrogen and progesterone concentration
during different stages of gestation in Chhotanagpuri Ewes
Verma R.K and Ishwar A.K.
Deptt. of Veterinary Physiology, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke Ranchi
________________________________________________________________________________________
The present experiment was carried out to see the effect of different housing system on
hormonal profile in Chhotanagpuri ewes. A total of twenty four non-pregnant parous
healthy ewes were allocated to three different groups consisting of 8 animals each. The
group were allocated on the basis of their average body weight so, that should not be a
major variation in their average body weight. The two major reproductive hormone
Estrogen and progesterone were estimated during entire period of experimentation. Blood
samples were collected by jugular venipuncture in vaccutainer tubes on the day 0 (estrus),
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20, 45, 90, 135, expected day of parturition and also two days after parturition from ewes
of all the three groups It was observed that the average plasma estrogen concentration
ranged between 8.73±0.44 to 260.26±2.95, 8.78±0.56 to 259.55±3.36 and 9.37± 0.44 to
263.90±2.75 pg/ml in group I, II and III respectively. The plasma estrogen concentration
between different groups did not vary significantly. The level of plasma estrogen
decreased significantly (P<0.05) upto day 45 of gestation. However it increased gradually
and significantly (P<0.05) upto expected day of parturition in all the groups. The plasma
estrogen concentration decreased two days after parturition in all the groups but it was
non-significant. A significant variation (P<0.01) was observed within groups during all
period of observations.The average of plasma progesterone concentration ranged between
0.17 ± 0.01 to 4.63±0.29, 0.15 ± 0.01 to 5.53 ± 0.56 and 0.17 ± 0.02 to 5.31 ± 0.46 ng/ml
in group I, II and III respectively. A non-significant effect of different housing system
was observed on plasma progesterone concentration at different period of observations
among groups. The level of plasma progesterone significantly increased (P<0.05) from
day 20 to day 135 of gestation in comparison to the day of estrus (day 0) in all the groups.
The level of plasma progesterone decreased significantly (P<0.05) on expected day of
parturition and further decreased two days after parturition in all the groups. A highly
significant (P<0.01) variation was found among all the group of ewes during period of
observations. The result revealed that the level of estrogen decreased up to day 45 in all
the group and then increased significantly in all the group up to expected date of
parturition whereas the level of progesterone increased significantly in all the group up to
135 days of pregnancy and decreased significantly on expected date of parturition and
also 2 days after parturition.
NEP 10 Effect of micronutrients supplementation on leptin hormone in cross-bred
cattle around parturition
Maurya Pankaj Kumar, Aggarwal Anjali and Malhotra Priyanka
Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc. &A.H., Kumarganj, Faizabad, UP
________________________________________________________________________________________
Sixteen pregnant Karan Fries cows were selected two months before expected date of calving to
investigate the effect of vitamin E and zinc on Leptin hormone in cross bred cows around
parturition. Experimental animals were randomly divided in to two groups namely control
group (eight cows) and treatment group (eight cows). Treatment group cows were
supplemented with Vitamin E @ 1000 IU/day/cow and zinc @ 60 ppm/day/cow. Blood
samples were collected and plasma was analyzed for Leptin, vitamin E and zinc. Plasma leptin
concentration of control cows was found 6.06±0.10 ng/ml 60 days before calving and on the
day of calving it decreased to 2.55±0.31ng/ml. Further, in treatment group the plasma leptin
concentration was found 6.19±0.11ng/ml 60 days before calving and on the day of calving it
decreased to 3.66±0.11ng/ml. The overall mean (±SEM) of plasma vitamin E concentration was
found significantly (P<0.01) higher in treatment group as compared to control group (2.60±0.05
vs. 2.38±0.06 µg/ml). Plasma Zn level decreased at the time of parturition in both groups. The
decrease in the plasma Zn level of control and treatment group cows was 30.60% and 16.13%
respectively from 60 days before calving to the day of calving. There was found a positive
correlation between vitamin E and leptin in control and treatment group of cows around
parturition. The results of this study indicated that the supplementation of vitamin E and zinc
increases the level of leptin hormone around the parturition in Karan Fries cows.
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NEP 11 Effect of extended duration thermal stress on hormones and semen quality of
native bucks (Capra hircus).
Singh Manav, Maurya V.P., Mamta, Prasad J.K. and Yadav Brijesh
Climatology laboratory, Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar
________________________________________________________________________________________
In aim of to assess the effect of high ambient temperature in form of thermal stress on
endocrine changes and seminal quality, eight native bucks were used for the experiment.
The animals were kept at comfortable (20-28oC) as control and 42oC with humidity of 40-
50% in psychrometric chamber, as treatment group, for 10 weeks each. Treated bucks were
exposed to 42oC for 6 hours/day from 10.00 hours to 16.00 hours. The tri-iodothyronine,
thyroxin, testosterone and cortisol levels in serum were estimated weekly by ELISA kit.
Semen was collected with help of artificial vagina and evaluated, twice weekly. Serum T3
reduced, cortisol increased both significantly but T4 and testosterone did not change in
treated group. Serum testosterone decreased non statistically in thermal stressed group
(1.80±0.09 ng/ml) as compared to control animals (1.87±0.07 ng/ml) and T4 did not change
in thermal exposure (5.96±0.14 Vs 6.30±0.38 µg/dL respectively) whereas, serum cortisol
level increased significantly in exposed bucks (4.49±0.36 Vs 2.64±0.15 µg/dL) but T3
decreased (1.23±0.06 Vs 2.54±0.10 ng/ml) significantly (P<0.05) in treated group as
compared to control group. Regarding seminal attributes semen volume, mass motility,
progressive motility, sperm concentration, live percentage, percent acrosomal integrity and
total sperm per ejaculate were 0.65±0.01 ml, 4.75±0.04, 87.06±0.45 %, 3269.40±41.75 (X
106/ml), 87.53±0.28%, 82.30±0.31%, 2108.30±42 (X 10
6) respectively in control group and
in thermal stressed group these values decreased significantly 0.40±0.01ml, 3.58±0.07,
59.53±0.96%, 2024.70±66.90 (X 106/ml), 76.17±0.73%, 78.65±0.43% and 830.76±38.49
(X 106
respectively but abnormal percentage was increased in heat exposed bucks
(13.68±0.69% ) compared to control group bucks (3.66±0.18%). Color and consistency of
semen was also of inferior quality in heat treated bucks. It can be concluded that the native
bucks failed to adapt to a prolonged thermal exposure of 42oC. It also seemed that extended
periods of thermal stress would decrease fertility severely, leading to serious loss in terms
of reduced reproduction.
NEP 12 Comparative molecular genotyping of growth hormone in Surti and
Mehsana buffaloes
Janmeda Mamta and Vataliya P.H.
Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand
________________________________________________________________________________________
Growth hormone is the major regulator of postnatal growth and metabolism in mammals
and affects growth rate, body composition, health, milk production, and aging by
modulating the expression of many genes. The study was conducted to find out
polymorphism of different growth hormone (bGH) by using PCR-RFLP technique and to
study the association of different polymorphic growth hormone loci with milk production
in Surti and Mehsana buffalo. 72 Surti and 52 Mehsana blood samples were collected
from LRS, Navsari and SK Nagar Agricultural University, Gujarat respectively. The
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DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification using bGH specific primers GH1,
GH2 and GH3. The PCR products of GH1 (427 bp), GH2 (891 bp) and GH3 (441bp) loci
were digested with Alu 1, Msp 1 and, Hae III restriction enzymes respectively. Only AA,
CC and FF genotypes were found in both the buffalo breeds with allelic frequencies of A,
C and F alleles were 1.00 respectively. Since all the growth hormone loci studied were
monomorphic indicating monomorphism at these loci may be a species characteristic of
buffaloes. They cannot be used as genetic markers for selection purpose and to study the
association of different polymorphic growth hormone loci with milk production in Surti
and Mehsana buffalo.
NEP 13 Stimulatory effect of LH, IGF-1 and EGF on VEGF production in cultured
bubaline luteal cells
Chouhan V.S., S Dangi.S., Babitha V.,
Singh G. and Sarkar M.
Physiology & Climatology division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
________________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal (24, 48, and 72h) and dose dependent
(0, 5, 10, and 100 ng/ml of LH, IGF-1, and EGF) in vitro expression and secretion
patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in luteal cell culture (LCC) from
different stages of luteal phase. Corpus luteum samples from early luteal phase (ELP; day
1st–4
th), mid luteal phase (MLP; day 5
th–10
th) and late luteal phase (LLP; day 11
th–16
th) of
estrous cycle were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. The results of the present study
revealed a dose and time dependent stimulatory effect of LH, IGF-1, and EGF on VEGF
production in bubaline luteal cells. The VEGF expression and secretion from the cultured
luteal cells was highest during ELP, intermediate in MLP and lowest in LLP of estrous
cycle for all the three tested factors. Comparison of the three treatments showed that EGF
was the most potent stimulating factor followed by IGF-1 and LH. Immunocytochemistry
findings in LCC of ELP agreed with the VEGF expression and secretion. In conclusion,
mRNA expression, protein secretion and immuno-localization of VEGF data clearly
indicated for the first time that LH, IGF1and EGF plays an important role in stimulating
luteal angiogenesis in buffalo CL. The highest expression and secretion of VEGF in ELP
is associated with development of luteal angiogenesis indicate that above factors
partly/may be involved in regulation of angiogenesis. Further studies warranted on the
other regulators of VEGF and synergistic effect of locally produce growth factors.
NEP 14 Expression of mRNA encoding Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF9) and
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 (BMP15) in follicular cells of buffalo ovary
Muralidharan K., Eswari S., Vijayarani K and Gomathy V.S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal
Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai
________________________________________________________________________________________
Growth differentiation factor-9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15, members of the
transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily are considered to be the key
regulators of follicular development in mammalian ovary. In spite of their active role in
folliculogenesis from various studies, little is known about the expression pattern of these
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oocyte-secreted growth factors in animals. Using the sensitive technique of Real Time-
Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we studied the temporal expression pattern of
GDF-9 and BMP-15 in cumulus free oocytes (CFOs), cumulus cells (CCs) and granulosa
cells (GCs) from follicles of buffalo ovary. A pool of CFOs, CCs and GCs were collected
and used for total RNA isolation. The mRNA transcripts encoding GDF-9 and BMP-15
were detected by employing RT-PCR. In our study we concluded that both GDF-9 and
BMP-15 expression were observed in the cumulus oocyte complexes of buffalo ovary.
We also reported the intra-follicular granulosa cell GDF-9 and BMP-15 mRNA
expression, supports the concept that early stages of follicular growth and development
are regulated by intra-ovarian factors.
NEP 15 Electrophoretic profile of goat’s pineal gland
Pathak Arti, Kumar Jitender, Misra Vaibhav and Agrawal M.P.
College of Veterinary Science and A.H., DUVASU, Mathura
________________________________________________________________________________________
The pineal proteins/peptides are considered as presumptive pineal and are implicated for
their possible role in regulation of oestrous cycle, regulation of circadian rhythms,
regulation of immune function and they also act as antioxidants. Electrophoretic analysis
of pineal gland is a preliminary step in identification and characterization of protein/
peptide for further isolation and purification of the same. For this, brain from female
goats was collected soon after their slaughter at abattoir. The sixteen pineal glands were
removed from brain and collected and then four different homogenate were prepared. The
protein concentration of pineal extract was estimated followed by SDS-PAGE was
carried out to observe the protein peptide patterns of pineal according to their molecular
weights as per the method of Laemmli (1970). The SDS-PAGE profile of pineal extract
revealed 7-9 dark bands. Three clear bands above 97 KDa molecular weight were
observed. One sample exhibited an additional band above 97 KDa. Three bands were
observed uniformly in all samples between 97 and 66 KDa molecular weight except one
pooled sample, which showed only two bands. A single band was exhibited between 66
and 43 KDa molecular weight in all the samples except one sample, which showed an
additional band. One band was observed between 43 and 29 KDa molecular weight in all
the samples. The profile pattern of pineal protein/peptide showed little individual
variation from sample to sample. However most of the samples showed 8 bands. It
appears that there are certain other factors than photoperiod, which influence the profile
of these protein/peptides. As most of the animals were adult and non-pregnant it was
speculated that physiological variance in the profile may be these variations may be due
to different immune status of the animal or for other unknown reasons. Further studies
are required for elucidating the band pattern during different phases of oesturs cycle as
well as light and dark periods.
NEP 16 Intravenous infusion induced SEF 90 enhancement in goats
Madan A. K., Korde J. P. and Rastogi S. K.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, CVASc., GBPUAT, Pantnagar
________________________________________________________________________________________
It has been reported that painful stimulations evoke EEG activation in different neural
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networks of human brain and intensity of nociceptive input encode variety of EEG
changes. Pain perception in animals is based upon perceptivity of handler contrary to self
reporting as in humans. Goats are suitable model on which experiments can be conducted
under welfare conditions and results applicable for other ruminants also. Present study
was planned with objective to elucidate SEF 90 activity in different areas of brain in
goats for noxious stimuli. Seven apparently healthy local X Jamunapari female goats
aged about 2 years with mean weight 22.14 kg were trained to sit in sternal recumbency
on non-conducting wooden table in unrestrained fashion. Seven channel monopolar
montage was used as described and EEG records were transformed through FFT to
generate Spectral Edge Frequency (SEF 90). For creating noxious stimuli, normal saline
solution was administered intravenously with 18 G needle at the rate of 20 drops per
minute in left jugular vein for two minutes. Resting phase EEG was recorded before
initiating noxious stimuli to serve as control, while noxious phase EEG was recorded
during mid of intravenous administration. SEF 90 was significantly higher in both
parietal and both occipital electrodes during intravenous injection as compared to resting
phase exhibiting arousal and desynchronisation of EEG spectrum. These regions of
electrodes overlie primary and secondary somatic areas of brain. The findings are in
consonance with reporting in humans that primary somatosensory cortex have a
prominent and highly modulated role in sensory aspects of pain, including localization
and discrimination of pain intensity and primary somatosensory cortex, secondary
somatosensory cortex and areas in its vicinity, the parietal operculum, insula, anterior
cingulated cortex and prefrontal cortex, are involved in processing different aspects of
pain.
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LHPP 01 Relation of leptin, insulin and glucose during late gestation and early lactation in
murrah buffalo
Nagre S. M., Kuralkar Prajakta, Dhenge S.A. and Kuralkar S.V.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, 444104
____________________________________________________________________________
Present work was conducted to study the effect of physiological status viz., late gestation and
early lactation on serum hormones (leptin and insulin) and glucose, 10 Murrah buffaloes were
selected 30 days before expected date of calving. The blood samples were collected 15 days
before parturition, on the day of parturition and 15 days after parturition. Leptin level was
significantly higher 15 days before parturition (3.67 ± 0.14 ng/ml) which decreased on the day
of parturition (2.31 ± 0.20 ng/ml) and again increased 15 days after parturition (2.86 ± 0.20
ng/ml). Insulin concentration differed significantly among the groups with higher
concentration 15 days before parturition (0.58 ± 0.03 ng/ml) and lower on the day of
parturition (0.21 ± 0.01 ng/ml) than 15 days after parturition (0.36 ± 0.02) . The correlation
between insulin and leptin was non significant during different physiological stages in present
study. However, correlation between insulin and glucose was positive and significant during
different physiological stages whereas, correlation between leptin and glucose was also
positive and significant except on the day of parturition. The pooled study revealed positive
and significant correlation between insulin and leptin (0.80), insulin and glucose (0.95) and
between leptin and glucose (0.86).
LHPP 02 Evaluation of udder health in relation to enzymatic changes in milk of non-
descript sheep of Buldhana district
Paithane S.S. and Khodke M.V.
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola,
Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur
____________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was conducted to study the prevalence of mastitis and variations in milk SCC
along with activity of (Aspartate Aminotransferase) ASAT and Alanine Aminotransferase
(ALAT) in milk whey associated with different udder health status of sheep. A total of 170
milk samples half wise were collected on the basis of clinical examination of udder and CMT
score and grouped as normal, subclinical (1+,2+,3+) and clinical. Milk samples were analyzed
for SCC by the separation of milk-whey for the estimation of ASAT and ALAT. The average
values of SCC in whole milk sample differed significantly among different udder health status
and revealed direct relationship with CMT score and ASAT, ALAT activities in milk
whey.The ASAT and ALAT activity in the milk whey differed significantly (P<0.01) between
different udder health status for all comparisons, varying from 3.11 to 16.48 ASAT U/ml and
3.41 to 17.91ALAT U/ml respectively. The milk SCC increased by 8.13X 105 cells/ml for
each unit rise in CMT score . Similarly, the activity of whey ASAT increased by 4.05 ASAT
U/ml, ALAT increased by 4.42 ALAT U/ml, for each unit rise in CMT score. For each unit
rise in SCC of milk, the increase in activity of milk whey ASAT, ALAT was 0.50 ASAT
U/ml, 0.55 ALAT U/ml respectively.The assay of ASAT and ALAT activities in the milk
whey is therefore, recommended to be useful to assess the udder health status of the sheep.
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LHPP 03 Relation between antioxidant status and postpartum anestrous (PPA) condition
in Murrah buffalo
Kumar Rajesh, Gupta Meenakshi, Rose Manoj Kumar, Ghosh Mayukh and Singh Inderjeet
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Hisar, Haryana
____________________________________________________________________________
Present study was designed to investigate the relation between antioxidant status and
postpartum anestrous (PPA) condition in Murrah buffalo. The blood was collected from two
different groups of Murrah buffaloes each consisting of twenty animals. Group I was of
postpartum anestrus (PPA) and group II was of cyclic buffaloes. The analysis of antioxidants
in the plasma and hemolysates revealed that the levels of vitamin E, β-carotene andreduced
glutathione in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hemolysate were significantly
higher in cyclic animals than PPA animals. The levels of vitamin C, SOD and glutathione
peroxidase (GPX-3) in plasma did not show any significant difference among the two groups
studied. During production period there is higher demand of nutrients and animal is under
production stress. This type of stress affects the reproductive performance in PPA animals as
they might be more susceptible to these stressors because all the animals were maintained
under similar feeding and managemental practices.
LHPP 04 Effect of mineral mixture on growth performance of growing pigs
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Mohabe L., Mohabe P., Rai M., Praveen P. K. and Rai R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
____________________________________________________________________________
The present study was carried on 45 growing pigs of 3 to 3.5 months of age, irrespective of
their sex for 3 months in I.L.F.C., M.J.F. College of veterinary and Animal Science, Chomu,
Jaipur. The pigs were divided in to 3 categories. Category-1 contains 15 pigs which were
raised on garbage (ad-lib), Category-2 contains 15 pigs raised on garbage (ad-lib) and
concentrate while Category-3 having similar number of pigs raised on garbage(ad-lib),
concentrate and mineral mixture (@ 10g/day for 3 months) as an additional feed supplement.
The amount of concentrate were given 250 g, 400 g and 500 g in 1st, 2
nd and 3
rd months of
experiment respectively to Category-2 and category-3. The body weight of growing pigs in all
the three categories was recorded twice a month and the additional cost per kg weight gain
was calculated. The overall growth performance of growing pigs belonging to Category-1 was
lowest than that of other two categories. Further, the growth performance of Category-2 was
lower than that of Category-3. The additional cost per kg weight gain of Category-2 was
significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of Category-3.
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LHPP 05 Metabolic profile and antioxidative parameters in clinical cases of diaphragmatic
hernia in buffaloes
Madan Jyotsana, Gupta Meenakshi and Kumar Rajesh
Department Of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Hisar, Haryana
____________________________________________________________________________
The present study was conducted to assess the biochemical profile and some antioxidative
parameters in eighteen buffaloes suffering from diaphragmatic hernia reported to Teaching
Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLRUVAS, Hisar. Blood
samples were collected from affected buffaloes in heparinised tubes on ice. The plasma
separated was tested for various biochemical, electrolytes and antioxidative parameters. The
clinical symptoms observed were decrease in rumination and rumen motility. The animals
have a history of off-feed, recurrent tympany and poor appetite. A significant decrease in
glucose, triglycerides, sodium and potassium values where as a non-significant decrease in
total iron, total iron binding capacity, chloride, calcium and phosphorus was observed in
diseased cases as compared to control animals. Hypokalemia is caused primarily by anorexia
but may be potentiated slightly by ion exchange caused by the alkalosis and/or abomasal
reflux into rumen. A rise in AST levels has also been reported with myocardial injuries
suggestive of inflammatory changes in the body. A significant increase was observed in total
protein (g/dl) concentration in diseased cases. It has been reported that during inflammation,
the production of protein in the liver is switched towards increased synthesis of acute phase
proteins. A significant increase in antioxidative enzyme Superoxide dismutase activity and a
non significant increase in Glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity (IU/ml plasma) in affected
cases as compared to healthy ones can be attributed in an attempt to mitigate superoxide
radical challenge.
LHPP 06 In vitro phagocytic activity of blood and milk neutrophils isolated from
primiparous and multiparous Karan Fries (Holstein x Tharparkar) cows
throughout the production cycle
Dang A.K. and Mukherjee Joydip
Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
____________________________________________________________________________
To study the differences in between the in vitro phagocytic activity (PA) of neutrophils isolated
from first lactating i.e., primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) Karan Fries (Holstein Fresian x
Tharparkar) cows. Blood and milk samples were collected from 12 PP and 12 MP cows during
different days of production cycle (dry period and lactation). Blood total leukocyte counts (TLC)
and milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in PP as compared to MP
cows during all stages of production cycle. Blood TLC was significantly (P<0.01) higher at
calving and then decreased towards the end of lactation in both the groups. Milk SCC was highest
in colostrums, decreased significantly (P<0.01) around mid lactation and again increased towards
the end of lactation. Phagocytic activity (PA) of blood neutrophils was significantly higher
(P<0.01) in PP as compared to MP cows. Suppression of PA around parturition was less and also
restored earlier in PP as compared to MP cows. PA of colostrums was higher in MP as compared
to PP cows; however, PA of milk neutrophils was always higher in PP as compared to MP cows
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throughout the lactation period. Less PA of neutrophils make the MP cows more prone to
infections during the production cycle. Therefore, proper care and nutrition should be provided to
them throughout the production cycle.
LHPP 07 Efficacy of iron nanoparticles on hematological parameters in piglets
Nalinarani P., Jayachandran S., Selvaraj P. and Ramesh V.
Dept. of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal – 637 002. Tamilnadu
____________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted to find out the efficacy of iron nanoparticles in piglets to prevent the
anemic condition. Large White Yorkshire piglets born to sows in first to second parity were
assigned to one of the five groups as follows. Group I (n=6) piglets kept without iron
supplementation (control). Group II (n=7) piglets were injected with iron dextran on 3rd
day
after birth. Group III (n=9) piglets received oral supplementation of ferric ammonium citrate
equivalent to elemental iron 10 mg / day given from 3- 28 days of age on alternate days.
Piglets of group IV (n=6) and V (n=9) were supplemented with 3 and 6 mg of iron
nanoparticle per day respectively from 3-28 days of age given on alternate days. Blood
samples were collected from all the piglets in each group through ear vein at first, second,
third and fourth weeks of age using EDTA as anticoagulant. The iron nanoparticles were
synthesized by chemical method. The particles size were ranged from 25 to 45 nm.
Supplementation of iron increased (P<0.01) the hemoglobin content from first week of age
onwards compared to control group. The hemoglobin content of group IV and V was higher
(P<0.01) than group III. However, hemoglobin level was similar at both the levels of iron
nanoparticle supplementation. Iron supplementation increased the hematocrit level (P<0.01)
over unsupplemented group from second week of age onwards. In subsequent weeks, group IV
and V had higher hematocrit level than group III. From second to fourth week of age, iron
nanoparticle fed groups had higher (P<0.01) total erythrocyte count than group III, whereas,
the erythrocyte count of group II was comparable with that of iron nanoparticle fed groups.
Piglets of group IV and V had higher total leucocyte count than group III piglets from second
to fourth week of age, whereas, total leucocyte count of group II was comparable with that of
group IV and V. Also difference was noticed between group II and III. The MCV and MCH of
iron supplemented groups were higher than unsupplemented group (P<0.05) from second
week of age onwards, whereas, MCHC level differs (P<0.05) from third week of age onwards.
It is concluded that the iron supplementation to the piglets improved the hematological
parameters compared to unsupplemented group. Among the treatment, iron nanoparticles
showed better results followed by iron dextran injection and oral ferric ammonium citrate.
LHPP 08 Comparative effects of propofol and xyalzine-ketamine anaesthesia on
hematological, biochemical and clinical parameters in goats
Yadav Mrigakshi, Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Manjari P., Das A. K. and Kumar Sudhir
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, GBPUAT,
Pantnagar, UK
____________________________________________________________________________
The comparative effect of propofol (@4mg/kg body weight, intravenously) and xylazine-
ketamine (xylazine @ 0.05mg/kg body weight, intravenously followed by ketamine @ 4mg/kg
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body weight, intravenously) were studied on hematological (Hb concentration, PCV, TEC,
TLC, DLC, MCV, MCH and MCHC), biochemical (blood glucose) and clinical parameters
(rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate) in 12 clinically healthy (LocalXBarbari)
adult female goats (6 animals in each group), aged 2-4 years, weighing 23.66 ± 2.22 kg.
During propofol anaesthesia rectal temperature and respiratory rate decreased while blood
glucose concentration and pulse rate increased. All hematological parameters decreased except
an increase in lymphocyte count. During xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in goats, similar
observations were recorded except that pulse rate decreased and MCHC increased. Propofol
produced favourable effects on rectal temperature and pulse rate whereas xylazine-ketamine
exerted more effective anaesthetic effects on respiratory rate and blood glucose concentration.
Also xylazine-ketamine maintained the hematological parameters within normal range
suggesting xylazine-ketamine would be a safer and better choice over propofol in goats.
LHPP 09 Proteomic analysis of acute phase proteins during animal disease
Rai M., Rai R., Dalai N. and Shekhar S.
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
____________________________________________________________________________
Proteomics is a new emerging branch in biomarkers study in the field of veterinary science,
precisely those related to economics or production traits like productivity, product quality,
animal welfare, milk production etc. Since, milk production being the production trait of prime
importance, extensive studies focusing on identification of diagnostic biomarkers on mastitis
in bovine milk has been done. Comparative studies of protein profile of mastitis and healthy
cow had also been conducted. Though the number of proteins detected, the convincing results
were generated from 2D-GE, MALDI-TOFF/MS bovine milk included identification of
acutephase protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in both normal and mastitic milk whey
samples. Results showed higher values of AGP in mastitic milk. Past studies by traditional
quantitative strategies have revealed only the presence of acute phase protein, SAA, HPT, and
LBP. Artificial challenge of dexamethasone (immunosuppressant), hence reveals diseased
condition and proteomic analysis of BALF. Proteomic analysis showed increase in value of
acute phase protein, alpha-2-hs- glycoprotein, alpha-1-antichymotyrpsin in treated animal
when compared to control.
LHPP 10 Effects of anti-apoptotic factors in cryopreservation of buffalo Wharton’s jelly
derived stem cells
Sreekumar.T.R, Ansari Mohd. Matin and Chandra Vikash
Reproductive Physiology lab, Physiology and Climatology Division, IVRI, Izatnagar
____________________________________________________________________________
Present study was designed to compare the effects of anti-apoptotic factors in cryopreservation
of buffalo Wharton‟s jelly derived Mesenchymal stem cells. The study was conducted at
reproductive physiology lab, department of physiology and climatology, IVRI. Anti-apoptotic
factors Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) and Pinacidil were used to study their effects on
cryopreservation of Wharton‟s jelly derived Mesenchymal stem cells. Three groups were
made for MSCs. The control group had no anti apoptotic factors and in second and third
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groups, Y-27632 (10μM) and Pinacidil (100μM) respectively were added in freezing medium
and post thaw culture medium. The cells were cryopreserved for period of ten days. The
outcome of cryopreservation experiments suggest that addition of anti-apoptotic factors during
cryopreservation, significantly (p<0.05) increased the growth rate and survivability of WJ-
MSCs in post thaw culture after cryopreservation. Cell viability assay of immediate post thaw
cells showed no significant (p<0.05) improvement in anti-apoptotic factor added groups
compared to control. Karyotyping showed that cells were able to maintain chromosome
integrity after cryopreservation and qPCR analysis showed in case of WJ-MSCs there was
non-significant (p<0.05) improvement of down regulation of pluripotency markers as
compared to control group. It can be concluded from the study that Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-
27632) and Pinacidil can be successfully used for the cryopreservation of buffalo Wharton‟s
jelly derived Mesenchymal stem cells for improved post thaw growth rate and survivability
although its role in reducing the down regulation of pluripotency markers were non-
significant.
LHPP 11 Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of local and crossbred pigs of
Assam on probiotic feeding
Baruah Anubha, Baruah K. K., Sarmah B.C., Roychowdhury R. and Sarma R. K.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara,
Guwahati
____________________________________________________________________________
The intestinal microflora of young pigs plays an important role in effective digestion and maximal
absorption of nutrients. During weaning, the microflora population is being altered, resulting in
reduced lactobacilli population in the G.I. tract, which may allow the multiplication of pathogenic
microorganisms and cause post weaning diarrhoea syndrome and ultimately causing stunted
growth or mortality. Probiotics are live microbial culture that equilibrate intestinal microflora to the
benefit of the animal. They may have a growth promoting activity by competing with harmful gut
microorganisms, and by stimulating the immune system of the animal and thereby increasing
resistance to infectious agents. Considering the importance of it, a trial was conducted to
investigate the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) feeding on growth performance of
local and crossbred piglets of Assam and also their economic importance. A total of 6 isolates
could be recovered from the faecal materials of healthy piglets. All the 6 isolates were identified as
Lactobacillus species on the basis of colony morphology, staining characteristic and certain
biochemical characteristics. On the basis of growth of the isolates at 150 C and sugar fermentation
test the isolated Lactobacillus strains were further identified as Lactobacillus Plantarum. All the
six isolates were found to have antimicrobial activity when tested against E. coli and Salmonella
organisms. Isolated species of Lactobacillus were tested for their bile tolerance and heat tolerance
characteristics for selection of strain in the production of probiotic. The effect of feeding probiotic
(Lactobacillus plantarum) on growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of new born
piglets was observed. Piglets fed Lacobacillus Plantarum @ 2x106 CFU/piglet/day in group A and
@ 2x108 CFU/Piglet/day in group B had a significantly greater average daily gain from birth till
weaning as well as throughout 31 weeks post weaning (P<0.01 ) in local and 33 weeks in crossbred
pigs than non-supplemented piglets. Feed conversion efficiency between the group fed probiotic
and the control group was different (P< .01). When feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was
calculated for the entire experimental period, significantly more favourable result was observed in
the groups fed the probiotic (Lactobacillus strain) compared to the control group. Supplementation
of probiotics (Lactobacillus strain) was more effective in terms of feed conversion efficiency
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resulting higher body weight gain and ultimately profitable economy. Benefit-cost ratio shows that
pig production is a profitable business since it is greater than 1.
LHPP 12 Effect of migration to highland alpine pasture on growth and production
performances of crossbred sheep
Saha S. and Phogat J. B.
North Temperate Regional Station, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Garsa (via-Bhuntar), Kullu, H. P.
____________________________________________________________________________
Highland pasture migration of sheep during summer months is a conventional system of sheep
rearing in Himalayan region of India. The present study was under taken to evaluate the effect
of highland alpine pasture migration on the growth trends throughout the year, wool yield and
wool quality of adult migratory and non-migratory female sheep having 75% exotic blood. A
total of 159 synthetic adult female sheep were sent for migration on foot from farm location
(1200 meters altitude) to alpine pasture (3700 meters altitude) of Lahaul & Spiti region of HP
for 4 months (from mid-May 2012 to mid-September 2012) and reared under natural
conditions solely on grazing, and thereafter at institute farm under semi-intensive
management, to evaluate the growth performances in comparison to institute control adult
females (60 nos.) reared under semi-intensive management of farm conditions i.e. 8 hours
grazing and @450g/animal/day concentrate supplementation. Body weight of all the migratory
and non-migratory animals was recorded at the beginning of the experiment, at regular
monthly intervals during migration and one year post migration period. The growth and
production performance was evaluated in terms of body weight and wool production. The
results revealed that the average body weight gain of migratory female flock was exceptionally
higher (9.14 Kg) at the end of 4 months migration period as compared to control group
animals (1.96 kg). Under migration, highest adult average body weight (43.170.43 Kg) was
recorded at last month of migration at highland pasture. All the migratory animals returned
back from alpine pasture to farm location within 7-8 days on foot journey and due to walking
stress 3.21 kg average body weight loss was recorded, however, the growth trend during the
study period was always recorded to be higher in migratory animals and at the end of study
average body weight of migratory sheep was significantly higher (40.99 kg) as compared to
non-migratory control animals (37.13 kg). Also, the wool yield and staple length was found to
be better in migratory animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that high altitude alpine pasture
migration is a sustainable and economic method of sheep husbandry under Himalayan
conditions for better growth and production performances of sheep.
LHPP 13 Seasonal variations in the milk composition and somatic cell count at different
lactation stages of Tarai buffaloes
Begum Rizwana, Huozha R., Rastogi S. K., Kumar Om and Singh Praneeta
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant
University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar
____________________________________________________________________________
In this study, the milk compositions and somatic cell count (SCC) at different lactation stages
were investigated during summer and winter seasons. Raw milk samples were collected from
54 buffaloes each during the summer and winter in morning hours. The milk samples were
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analyzed for major milk components – Fat (%), Lactose (%), Protein (%), Urea (mg/dl)
contents by using Gerber‟s, Folin & Wu, Kjeldahl, DAM methods and SCC (SCC cells/ml;
DCC and microscope methods). Milk SCC, lactose and urea contents are slightly higher
during summer (0.967 x105 cells/ml, 4.534 ± 0.339 %, 34.607 ± 0.922 mg/dl) than winter
(0.933 x105 cells/ml, 4.296 ± 0.345 %, 34.23 ± 1.018 mg/dl) seasons, while the milk protein
and fat content are highest during the winter (4.906 ± 0.371 %, 6.511 ± 0.423 %) than the
summer (4.523 ± 0.338 %, 5.998 ± 0.388 %) seasons. In both the seasons the concentrations of
milk protein, fat, urea and SCC increased as lactation progressed. The protein content was
higher during early stage of lactation in the winter seasons whereas lactose was maximum in
mid stage of lactation in both the seasons. The seasonal variations existed in the composition
of milk and the milk SCC varied with the stages of lactation.
LHPP 14 Variations of energy biochemical metabolites in periparturient Barbari goats
Sharma Nitika, Kumar Ashok, Kumar Ravindra, Shivasharanappa N., Mishra A.K.,
Chaturvedi Vinay and Pawaiya R.V.S.
Animal Health Division, C.I.R.G, Makhdoom, Mathura
____________________________________________________________________________
Barbari is a medium sized goat breed having high reproductive yield and twinning percentage.
Twelve pregnant Barbari does were selected to study the variations in energy-related blood
metabolites during peri-parturient period and to highlight the negative energy balance rate
during this critical period. Blood from the jugular vein was collected from each doe on days 14
and 7 before the expected kidding time and also on days 0, 7 and 14 postpartum. The
concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose and
aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were determined. The serum metabolites were
measured over time hence a repeated measures approach using ANOVA with mixed linear
models was used. The results of our study indicated that the changes in BHBA concentrations
were between 0.117 and 0.379 mmol/l. Two does had BHBA concentrations above 1 mmol/l.
However, the number of does with abnormal NEFA concentrations (≥0.6 mmol/l) was seven.
The NEFA results are in agreement with the increased proportion of does with AST
concentrations greater than the threshold level (≥100 U/l). We conclude that similar to sheep,
negative energy balance occurs in Barbari goats during the periparturition period. NEFA
concentration is a better indicator of negative energy balance in Barbari goats.
LHPP 15 Formation of NET, apoptosis and expression of surface adhesion molecules and
Toll like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) in neutrophils of mastitic cows.
Swain D.K., Kushwah M.S., Bhatt I., Kaur M. and Dang A.K.
Lactation and Immunophysiology Laboratory, Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, NDRI, Karnal
____________________________________________________________________________
The present study was designed in 36 Sahiwal cows to see the changes occurring in the
neutrophil activity of cows suffering from subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM).
Cows were divided into three groups as healthy (n=12), SCM (n=12) and CM (n=12) groups
on the basis of CMT scoring and by counting milk SCC. Significantly (P< 0.05) higher
phagocytic activity (PA) was found in milk neutrophils of SCM and CM cows as compared to
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control cows, whereas, viability was significantly (P< 0.05) lower in blood and milk
neutrophils of CM cows. The surface expression of CD11b increased significantly (P< 0.05) in
the CM cows both in blood and milk neutrophils, whereas, CD62L expression was
significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in CM cows as compared to SCM and control cows. Toll like
receptors 2 and 4 in blood and milk neutrophils were found to be significantly (P< 0.05)
higher, whereas, apoptosis in terms of altered mitochondrial transmembrane potential, Caspase
3 and 7 activities were found to be significantly (P< 0.05) lower in CM cows. Blood
neutrophils were found to be spherical as compared to milk neutrophils. Formation of
neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) were found to be more in blood and less in milk
neutrophils of CM cows, whereas, SCM and healthy cows did not exhibit NET formation. The
study indicated a positive correlation between lower neutrophil apoptosis and higher
expression of TLR2 and TLR4 with the formation of NETs and change in surface architecture.
NETosis and formation of NET like structures seemed to be an effective mode of defense
employed by neutrophils of cows suffering from clinical mastitis.
LHPP 16 Haematobiochemical indices in peri-parturient goats
Sharma Nitika, Kumar Ashok, Kumar Ravindra, Mishra A.K, Chaturvedi Vinay,
Shivasharanappa N. and Singh M. K.
Animal Health Division, C.I.R.G, Makhdoom, Mathura
____________________________________________________________________________
The peri-parturient period of goats is often characterised by serious metabolic problems,
mainly prior to kidding. These complications are related to negative energy balance status,
however all causes are not completely defined. To improve the knowledge about pathogenesis
in this phase we have monitored the changes haematobiochemical indices. Twenty blood
samples were collected from 20 multiparous Barbari goats after morning milking. Samples
were collected around 3 weeks prior to parturition and 3 weeks after parturition. Haemoglobin,
albumin, total protein, globulin, PCV and RDW were determined. The mean values of
Haemoglobin decreased to 6.2 ± 0.54 in peri-parturient goats as compared to the dry period
(10.6± 0.5). The range of total protein and albumin decreased in peri-parturient goats which
ranged between 4.2-7.2 g/dl and 1.2-3.5 g/dl respectively. The mean RDW was 19.1± 0.23 in
peri-parturient goats. The metabolic stress and increased demands of the foetus in the last
weeks of pregnancy are responsible for changes in the hemato-biochemical profile which need
to be intervened by the nutritional supplements especially micro-minerals. The results bring
new knowledge on the values of blood indices in peri-parturient goats, which is necessary for
diagnostic interpretation of pathological findings in animals.
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Post 01 In-Vitro fertility assessment in Karan Fries bulls
Panmei A., Gupta A.K., Shivahre P. R., Yadav B. R., Bhakat M., Rajak S., Thakur K.,
Mohanty T. K.. Kumaresan A., Kumar S., Kumar A. and Singh P.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
To assess the fertility status of males for breeding purpose, accuracy of semen evaluation
has always been of great importance. Since, conventional techniques alone are not
reliable as these cannot define the fertilizing characteristics adequately, it is therefore,
necessary to evaluate the functional status of sperm organelles (acrosome) or integrity of
cellular components (membrane and chromatin) by fluorescent techniques as it is of
fundamental importance in fertilization process. Therefore, the present study was carried
out on 96 ejaculates of 15 Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls maintained at
Artificial Breeding Research Centre, NDRI, Karnal, India with an objective to evaluate
the in-vitro fertility of bulls based on conventional and fluorescent seminal
characteristics. The average ejaculate volume (ml), sperm concentration (106/ml) mass
activity, individual motility (%), live (%), morphological abnormalities (%) HOST (%)
and acrosome integrity (%) were 4.57+ 0.36, 1162.98+ 97.93, 2.95+ 0.09, 60.8+ 1.22,
71.41+ 2.10, 9.31+ 1.15, 65.5+ 1.81 and 86.6+ 1.59, respectively. The averages of
seminal attributes of fluorescent based criteria of Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) (%), SYBR-
PI (%) and Fluorescent isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) (%)
were 3.53 + 0.43, 65.39 + 2.23 and 74.47 + 2.53, respectively. The repeatability estimates
of the seminal characteristics, viz., volume (ml), sperm concentration (106/ml) mass
activity, individual motility (%), live (%), morphological abnormalities (%) HOST (%)
and acrosome integrity (%) were 0.405, 0.397, 0.643, 0.643, 0.614, 0.709, 0.459 and
0.402 respectively. The bulls were ranked on the basis of Expected Producing Ability
(semen quality) for conventional semen characteristics and average semen characteristics
for fluorescent based semen criteria. Rank correlations were found to be significant for
SYBR-PI and FITC-PNA with most of parameters evaluated by conventional methods.
Overall, among conventional criteria, individual motility revealed ranking of bulls almost
similar to that of fluorescent criteria.
Post 02 Blood metabolic profile during late gestation and early lactation in Murrah
Buffalo
Nagre S. M., Kuralkar Prajakta, Dhenge S.A. and Kuralkar S.V.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola,
M.S.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Blood metabolic profile includes biochemical and haematologicl parameters used in
assessing nutrition status and animal health. Blood samples were collected from the
jugular veins of 10 Murrah buffalo 15 days before parturition, on the day of parturition
and 15 days after parturition to study blood metabolites during late gestation and early
lactation. PCV, HB, TEC, TLC, DLC, MCH, MCV, MCHC was determined by standard
methods. Serum was separated and different biochemical parameters were estimated
using commercially available kits. The values for HB, PCV, TEC, lymphocyte,
monocyte, MCHC, MCH, albumin, glucose and triglyceride differed significantly
between late gestation and early lactation with higher level 15 days before parturition,
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decreased on the day of parturition and again increased 15 days after parturition. TEC
was significantly higher on the day of parturition while neutrophil was significantly
lower during late gestation. Total protein was significantly higher 15 days before
parturition while cholesterol was lowest 15 days before parturition. Eosinophil, Basophil,
MCV, Globulin and albumin did not vary significantly among the groups.
Post 03 Comparison of haematological and biochemical profile in cattle affected with
parturient paresis to that of normal cattle
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Praveen P. K., Mohabe L., and Mohabe P.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Parturient paresis is one of the most detrimental postpartum complications which mainly
occur within 72 hours of parturition. The present study was carried out to estimate
haematological and biochemical parameters in cattle suffering from parturient paresis in
comparison to normal cattle. The blood samples were collected and analyzed for
estimation of TEC, DLC, Hb, Glucose, serum Calcium and serum Magnesium level. All
these haematological parameters were studied using the standard procedure described by
Wintrobe (1960) and Schalm et al (1975). The statistical analysis revealed that there was
no significant change in the value of Hb, TLC, glucose level and serum Magnesium level.
DLC value showed that Neutrophil % (30.4±0.57) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in
cows affected with Parturient paresis than that of normal cattle (23.16±1.42).
Subsequently the serum Ca level (mg/dl) was found to be significantly lower (P<0.01) in
affected cattle (4.62±0.21 Vs 9.0±0.24) . These findings may be helpful for diagnosis and
to decide the line of treatment for parturient paresis in cattle.
Post 04 Mineral status affect the postpartum cyclicity in Murrah buffaloes
Kumar Rajesh, Gupta Meenakshi, Rose Manoj Kumar, Ghosh Mayukh and Singh
Inderjeet
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Minerals are the integral part of the animal metabolism, so they might have vital role in
the reproductive processes in the domestic animals. The blood collected from two groups
of Murrah buffaloes each consisting of twenty animals. Group I was of postpartum
anestrus (PPA) and group II was of cyclic buffaloes. The analysis of minerals in the
plasma revealed that the levels of Ca, P, Mn and Fe and Ca:P ratio were significantly
higher in cyclic animals than PPA animals. The levels of Zn, Cu and Mg did not show
any significant difference among the two groups studied. During production period there
is higher demand of nutrients and animal is under production stress. This type of stress
may affect the absorption and assimilation of nutrients thereby causing the deficiency of
Ca, P, Mn and Fe in PPA animals because all the animals were maintained under similar
feeding and managemental practices. The deficiency of these minerals in higher
producing animals may be the cause of PPA.
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Post 05 Effect of supplemental chromium on serum cortisol concentration and
growth weight in Sirohi goat kids
Sangekar S.V., Ingole S. D., Salve R. R., Nagvekar A. S. and Bharucha S. V.
Department of Physiology, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai – 12
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted on 12 Osmanabadi goats aged between 2 – 4 mths. They were
divided into 2 groups as control (without 4% chromium) and treatment (with 4%
chromium) at the dose rate of 7.5mg/goat/day., The animals were kept in collective pens
with asbestos roof, under natural daylight and temperature conditions. They were
maintained under uniform standard conditions of feeding and management. The blood
samples were collected from both the groups before feeding 4% chromium and thereafter
feeding 4% chromium to the treatment group for 4 weeks. Sera was separated by
centrifugation and were stored at -200c until assayed for cortisol by RIA. The average
weight of kids before starting the experiment in control group was 7.1 kg and that of
treatment group was 5.52 kg and the cortisol levels 4.07 nmol/l and 2.86 nmol/l
respectively. It was observed that the cortisol levels decreased non significantly to 3.49
nmol/l on control group and to a level of 1.43 nmol/l in treatment group. In control group
the cortisol levels fluctuated and ranged between 3.32 – 3.72 nmol/l from 2 – 4 wks,
while in treatment group the decrease in cortisol levels was significant and decreased to a
level of 0.18 nmol/l in 4t wk. Similarly the weight of the kids in control group increased
to 8.85 kg while there was significant increase in treatment group from 5.51 kg to 8.05 kg
in 4th wk after feeding 4% chromium. Thus it can be concluded that on supplementing
4% Cr to the goat kids, the levels of cortisol decreases which is an indicator of decrease
in stress. This decrease helps in increase in the fed intake and body weight of the animal,
thus improving the overall performance.
Post 06 Effect of chromium on lactation performance and cortisol concentration in
Buffaloes
Desai J. G., Ingole S. D., Bharucha S. V., Nagvekar A. S. and Salve R. R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai – 12
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted on 12 Murrah buffaloes of early lactation about 1 mth after
calving. They were divided into 2 groups as control (without 4% chromium) and
treatment (with 4% chromium) at the dose rate of 187mg/buffalo/day. The animals
maintained under uniform standard conditions of feeding and management. The blood
samples were collected from both the groups before feeding 4% chromium and thereafter
feeding 4% chromium to the treatment group for 4 weeks. Sera was separated by
centrifugation and were stored at -200c until assayed for cortisol by RIA. The average
milk yield before starting the experiment in control and treatment group was 5.6 kg/day
and the cortisol levels were 2.29 and 3.7 nmol/l respectively. It was observed that the
decrease in cortisol levels in control group was non significant and was almost similar
throughout and decreased to a level of 1.80 nmol/l in 4th wk. The treatment group showed
a significant decrease in the levels of cortisol from 3.7 to 0.09 nmol/l respectively in 4th
wk. Similarly the milk yield of the control group did not show much variation and
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averaged between 5 – 5.6 kg/day and the treatment group showed an increase in the milk
yield from 5.6 to 7 kg/day. Thus it can be concluded that buffaloes fed with supplemental
4% chromium decreases serum cortisol concentration, which is an indicator for decrease
in stress and thus help in increasing the milk yield.
Post 07 Optimisation of Caprine hepatocyte cell culture
Phad Ashok Vyankati and Anand Laxmi
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Isolated hepatocytes culture is now recognized as one of the most relevant practicl model
to study pharmacological and toxicological effects. The quality of cell culture not only
depends on the conditions applied after seeding, addition of various hormones to culture
is important for maintaining hepatocyte functions, morphology as well as structural
integrity. Several studies reveal, primary hepatocyte culture as a good model to study
qualitatively in vitro metabolic profile. The present study was conducted for the isolation
and culture of goat hepatocytes for a short duration of 72 h. The liver piece was
disaggregated in a collagenase solution. They were cultured in 6 well plastic dishes at a
density of 4.5x105
cell/cm2 of the well. Trypan blue exclusion method was used to
determine total percentage of viable cells. Mean ± SE was observed to be 81.75 % ±
1.05. In the culture hepatocyte cells functionality was assessed by estimating enzyme
Lactate Dehydrognase, secretion of albumin and urea in the culture medium supernatants
at the end of 24, 48, 72 h of incubations. These parameters are commonly used as indices
of hepatocyte function. Culture media collected at different interval of time was
centrifuged and stored at -200 C, till further assay. The different parameters were
estimated with the help of commercially available kits and according to manufacturer‟s
protocol. LDH is an indicator for cell membrane integrity. Active hepatocytes synthesize
albumin and metabolize ammonia to urea. On culture of hepatocytes at 370C under
controlled conditions in a CO2 incubator supplemented with antibiotics, the function of
the hepatocytes was optimal till 72 h post seeding. The conc. of albumin and urea
estimated at different time intervals was observed to be linear upto 72 h; whereas Lactate
Dehydrogenase first increased and then decreased over a period of 72 h. The cells
attached to the bottom of the plate firmly by 8 h post seeding. There were clear cell
boundaries between the cells and were cuboidal in shape. This model is simple and
economical for conducting experiments for a short duration of time. In ruminants
development of hepatocyte culture has been reported only in sheep and calf species. The
proposed model can be taken up for study on many aspects of liver physiology and
metabolism.
Post 08 Blood biochemical status in cyclic and postpartum anestrus buffaloes
Jayachandran S., Selvaraj P., Visha P., Nanjappan K. and Thavasiappan V.
Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu –
614 625. Tamilnadu
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was undertaken to assess the blood biochemical profile in anestrus buffaloes in
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the reproductive stage of second to fourth parity belongs to Namakkal, Salem and Karur
districts of Tamilnadu state. The buffaloes, which did not express estrus signs for more
than 5 months postpartum were examined gyneco-clinically twice at 10 days interval.
Those animals having smooth ovaries with no palpable structures and having no
clinically detectable abnormalities in their genital tract were categorized as true anestrus
animals (43 numbers, Group I). Ten numbers of regular cycling buffaloes maintained at
similar management and feeding conditions as anestrus animals were selected to serve as
control (Group II). Blood samples from true anestrus buffaloes and regular cycling
buffaloes were collected from jugular vein. The plasma was separated from the samples
and analysed for biochemical profile viz., blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-
cholesterol and triglycerides. The total cholesterol level for anestrus buffaloes was 136.39
± 4.19 mg/dl compared with 167.07 ± 6.03 in regular cyclic buffaloes. There was
significant reduction (P<0.01) in the total cholesterol level in anestrus condition.
However, the blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides level did not differ
between anetrus and regular cyclic condition. It was concluded from the study that the
deficiency of plasma total cholesterol was observed during anestrus condition in
buffaloes.
Post 09 Plasma vitamin E, total carotenoids and fatty acids profile in cyclic and
postpartum anestrus buffaloes
Jayachandran S., Visha P., Selvaraj P. and Nanjappan K.
Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu.
Tamilnadu
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Vitamin E, total carotenoids and fatty acids have played a significant role in fertility
condition in animals. Hence, a study was carried out to ascertain the status of these
biochemical substances during anestrus condition in buffaloes. Healthy she buffaloes (43
Nos., in 2nd
to 4th parity, did not express estrus signs for more than 5 months post partum)
having smooth ovaries with no palpable structures by rectal examination done twice at 10
days interval were confirmed as true anesrus. Ten regular cycling buffaloes were kept as
control (Group II). Blood samples from true anestrus buffaloes and regular cycling
buffaloes were collected from jugular vein. The plasma was separated and analysed for
vitamin E, total carotenoids and fatty acids level. The mean plasma vitamin E level of
buffaloes in anestrus state was 0.317 ± 0.03 mg/dl compared to 0.319
± 0.04 mg/dl in
regular cyclic buffaloes. Similarly, the total carotenoids level was 1.44 ± 0.13 and 1.56 ±
0.11 µg/ml in anestrus and regular cycling buffaloes respectively. From the results, it is
observed that vitamin E and total carotenoids levels did not differ significantly between
anestrus buffaloes and regular cyclic animals. The plasma level of omega-6 fatty acids
was 13.21 per cent and omega-3 fatty acids was 5.09 per cent for the anestrus buffaloes
compared to 14.38 (omega-6) and 7.62 (omega-3) per cent in regular cyclic animals. The
plasma fatty acids profile did not differ between anestrus and regular cyclic buffaloes. It
could be inferred that the level of vitamin E, total carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids
in plasma observed in this study may not have much influence on anestrus condition in
buffaloes.
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Post 10 Effect of mastitis on haematological parameters in cattle
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Mohabe L., Mohabe P., Praveen P. K., Dewangan B. K. and Rai R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur, Rajasthan
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was conducted to find out any differences in haematological changes in
mastitis affected cattle to that of normal cattle. For this the blood samples were collected
from 5 healthy normal cattle and 5 cattle clinically affected with mastitis identified with
the sign and symptoms and confirmed by strip cup test from Instructional Livestock Farm
Complex, MGVC, Bharatpur, Rajasthan. The haematological values of mastitic and non-
mastitic cattle were compared statistically and result revealed that there was significant
increase in the WBC count and ESR values in mastitic cattle and subsequently the values
of Haemoglobin, PCV and RBC count were significantly higher in normal cattle as
compared to affected ones.
Post 11 Effect of Foot and Mouth disease vaccination on antioxidants of Mithun (Bos
frontalis) semen
Perumal P., Vupru K., Khate K., and Rajkhowa C.
National Research Centre on Mithun (ICAR), Jharnapani, Nagaland
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of Foot and Mouth disease (FMD)
vaccination on semen quality parameters and biochemical profiles of mithun breeding
bulls were maintained at Semen Collection Centre, National Research Centre on Mithun,
Jharnapani, Nagaland. Semen ejaculates were collected from mithun bulls before and
after vaccination were used to the study. Results revealed that FMD vaccination affected
the sperm functional parameters and biochemical profiles significantly (p< 0.05) in
mithun bulls. The adverse effects of vaccination on these profiles suggest that the semen
collection and preservation should be stopped upto the normal fertility of sperm is
returned to avoid the conception failure using such semen in this precious species.
Post 12 Effect of addition of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on the liquid
storage (5oC) of Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen
Perumal P., Vupru K., Khate K., and Rajkhowa C.
National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
juice (PJ) on sperm functional and biochemical profiles in mithun semen. Semen
ejaculates were collected and were splited into four equal aliquots, diluted with the
TEYC extender. Group 1: semen diluted 1:2 with TEYC extender (control), group 2 to
group 4: semen diluted with 1:2 TEYC extender supplemented with 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml
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of PJ / 100 ml of diluent, respectively. These seminal parameters and biochemical
profiles were assessed at 5oC for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 30 h of incubation. Inclusion of PJ into
diluent resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decrease in percentages of dead spermatozoa,
abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities at different hours of storage periods
as compared with control group. Additionally, PJ at 6 and 10 ml were inferior to PJ 8 ml
treatments as regards to these characteristics and PJ at 8 ml has significant improvement
in quality of mithun semen in in vitro stored for up to 30 h. It was concluded that the
possible protective effects of PJ on sperm parameters are it enhanced the function of
antioxidant enzymes and prevent efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids from cell
membrane during preservation.
Post 13 Prolactin mRNA profiles in normal and siRNA transfected anterior
pituicytes in domestic hen.
Reddy I. J., Mishra Ashish and Mondal S.
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone that is mainly synthesized in the anterior pituitary
gland and is known to be involved in numerous biological actions in vertebrates. In avian
species, higher levels of PRL are associated with broodiness with decrease in egg
production. Control of higher levels of PRL with anti PRL agents, active immunization
against PRL and active immunization against PRL releasing factor i.e., vasoactive
intestinal peptide enhanced egg lay. These are all short term goals with some
disadvantages under normal husbandry practices. Our long term goals are to produce a
non-broody hen with normal levels of PRL by suppressing the PRL transcription and
translation during embryogenesis before an increase of PRL occursin hen anterior
pituicytes by RNAi method. We constructed a short specific small interfering RNA
(siRNA) for PRL and assessed its effects on PRL mRNA levels in primary cultured
anterior pituicytes in vitro by RNA interference. Designed three siRNAs based on turkey
and chicken PRL mRNA and conducted the suppression of PRL gene expression in
primary cultured anterior pituicytes obtained from adult domestic hen immediately after
the sacrifice. The cultured pituicytes were transfected with siRNA for PRL by using
lifectomine.Approximately sixty percent (60%) reduction in PRL mRNA was observed
following siRNA transfection of primary cultured anterior pituitary cells. To conclude,
the siRNA designed for PRL clearly suppressed PRL mRNA levels in siRNA
transfected cells. However, further studies are required to elucidate the effects of siRNA
for PRL on PRL receptor and growth hormone in anterior pituicytes in in vitro
conditions before assessing its effects in vivo by using an external siRNA transfection
agent to suppress PRL in white leghorn hens to optimise the egg lay in hen by RNA
interference of PRL.
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Post 14 Performance of Indian sheep under different housing system during summer
season
Singh D. N., Wadhwani K. N. and Patel A. M.
Department of Livestock Production & Management, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance in terms of body weight gain
and feed intake in 20 adult female Marwari and Patanwadi sheep were randomly divided
in to four treatment groups on the basis of body weight each of five animals and housed
under covered area viz. T1: Asbestos sheet roofed house, T2 : Agro-net, T3 : under the
trees shade and T4 : under open during intense summer season. The experimental animals
at the end of the experiment attained 29.53 ± 0.28, 28.10 ± 0.21, 27.80 ± 0.27 and 27.62
± 0.19 kg body weights with total gain of 1.65, 0.90, 1.64 and 1.14 kg under T1, T2, T3
and T4, respectively. The shaded animals grew to the tune of 5.92, 3.30 and 6.26 % under
T1, T2, T3, respectively as compared to their initial body weight, where as non-shaded
sheep (T4) grew to the tune of 4.3 % in relation to their initial body weight. There was no
significant influence of treatments, period and interaction of T X P on body weight of
experimental animals. The experimental animals under T1 (750.25 ± 08.29) and T4
(722.58 ± 09.57) consumed daily dry matter intake (g) at par but had little higher in T2
(754.52 ± 13.67) and T3 (815.02 ± 12.92), differed significantly (p<0.05) from T1, T2 &
T3. The animals under tree (T3) consumed 8.6, 8.0 and 12.79% more dry matter as
compared to the animals under T1, T2 and T4. The daily dry matter intake irrespective of
treatments during different experimental periods differed significantly (p<0.05).
Post 15 Haematological profile of Tarai buffaloes during different seasons
Manjari P., Rastogi S.K., Huozha R., Kumar Sudhir and Yadav Mrigakshi
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
GBPUAT, Pantnagar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Tarai buffalo is known to perform well under Tarai (hot and humid) climate and can be
maintained on low input system. For hematological studies, blood samples were collected
thrice from 20 adult (non-lactating and non-pregnant) animals, each during the months of
October, January and May. Hematological parameters were analyzed using standard
procedures. Overall mean values of TEC, PCV, Hb conc., MCV, MCH, MCHC, TLC,
lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were 7.71±0.13 x106/µl,
31.55±0.36%, 12.15±0.13 g/dl, 42.01±0.38 fl, 15.77±0.15 pg, 37.50±0.24 %, 12.59±0.26
x103/µl, 61.08±0.43%, 29.88±0.38%, 5.67±0.25%, 3.09±0.25% and 0.29±0.17%,
respectively. There was a significant (P≤0.05) difference in the mean values of TEC,
TLC, Hb concentration, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte
and eosinophil count during summer and winter but no significant change was observed
in basophil count.
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Post 16 Effect of cooling during heat stress on physiological responces in late
gestation period of Murrah buffaloes
Aarif Ovais, Aggarwal Anjali and Upadhyay R. C.
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
To study the impact of evaporative cooling system during heat stress on physiological
responses of murrah buffaloes eighteen healthy pregnant dry murrah buffaloes (second to
fourth parity) at sixty days prepartum were selected under hot dry climatic conditionsand
divided into two groups of nine animals each. Group 1 buffaloes remained as control
without provision of cooling during dry period. The second group of buffaloes were
managed under cooling during the dry period. The physiological responses viz. Rectal
temperature (40.72 ±0.13 and 38.64±0.07), Respiratory rate (77.42±0.68 and 44.89±0.75)
and Pulse rate (98.24±0.47 and 64.40±0.94) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in group 2,
with the provision of cooling in comparison to non cooled group. It is clear from the
above findings that evaporative cooling system is an efficient mechanism in alleviating
heat stress and hence manages normal health status and in turn productivity of animals.
Post 17 Expected correlated response in first lactation fertility traits due to selection
based on first lactation 305 day milk yield in Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian
crossbred) cows
Dash S. K., Gupta A. K., Manoj M., Bhakat M. K., Singh Avtar, Mohanty T.K., and
Chakravarty A. K.
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The productivity of the animal is of primary importance in dairy farming for which the selection
of cows has been focused on their production potential. However, profitability of the dairy
farming also relies on superior fertility performance of the dairy cow. The current investigation
was undertaken to study the effect of such selection on the first lactation fertility performance in
Karan Fries cattle at NDRI herd. Data were collected on Karan Fries cattle from 1982–2012 and
the traits considered in the study were first lactation 305 day milk yield (F305MY), first service
period (FSP)and first calving interval (FCI). Least squares analysis indicated highly significant
(p<0.01) effect of period of first calving (PFC) and genetic group (GG) and non significant
effect of season of first calving (SFC) and age at first calving group (AFCG) on F305MY.
Effects of SFC, PFC and GG were highly significant (p<0.01) and AFCG was not significant
on FSP and FCI. The data were adjusted for significant effects and the genetic correlations of
F305MY with FSP (0.09) and FCI (0.17) were estimated. The genetic correlation indicated
negative association between the production and fertility traits. Paternal half sib heritability
estimates for F305MY, FSP and FCI were 0.39±0.09, 0.18±0.09 and 0.12±0.07, respectively.
Further, the correlated response was estimated for fertility traits considering the proportion of
dairy cows selected, based on F305MY, to be eighty percent (i.e. p=0.80). The estimates of
correlated response per generation for FSP and FCI were 0.53 and 1.03 days; which indicated
undesirable correlated response when direct selection of dairy cattle was done solely on the
basis of production performance.
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Post 18 Semen quality assessment in Tharparkar bulls
Panmei A.., Gupta A.K., Shivahre P.R., Bhakat M., Singh P. and Chakravarty A.K.
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present investigation was carried out on males of Tharparkar breed of cattle
maintained at NDRI, Karnal, with an overall objective to evaluate the bulls on the basis
of conventional semen characteristics. A total of 29 ejaculates from 4 Tharparkar
breeding bulls available during the study period at Artificial Breeding Complex, NDRI,
Karnal, India, were analysed for evaluation of bulls on the basis of conventional
techniques. Semen was collected using artificial vagina twice a week and immediately
after collection, semen samples were evaluated by different parameters. The average
ejaculate volume (ml), sperm concentration (106/ml) mass activity (0-5 scale), individual
motility (%), live spermatozoa (%), morphological abnormalities (%) HOST (%) and
acrosome integrity (%) were 3.48+ 0.52, 1792.65+ 200.19, 3.13+ 0.13, 62.64+ 2.55,
79.08+ 2.28, 3.52+ 0.37, 69.0+ 2.07 and 88.1+ 1.16, respectively. The present study also
estimated the association among different semen quality parameters, that is., live
spermatozoa (%), morphological abnormalities (%) HOST (%), acrosome integrity (%)
and individual motility (%) by Pearson‟s coefficient of correlation. For TP bulls,
correlation between individual motility and live spermatozoa was 0.653. This was
statistically significant (P<0.01) indicating that semen sample with higher percent of live
spermatozoa also have high individual motility percent.
Post 19 Evaluation of serum micro mineral concentration in cyclic and acyclic
murrah buffalo
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Rai R., Mohabe L., Mohabe P. and Rai M.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In ruminants, number of factors like season and physiological variations such as those in
pregnancy, lactation and estrous can affect the serum chemistry and mineral levels.
Deficiency or excess of one mineral as single or in combine results in reproductive
failure. Therefore microelements like Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe) and Manganese
(Mn) are essential elements bearing a significant role in the animal reproduction. The aim
of the present study was to estimate the concentration of micro minerals in cyclic and
acyclic Murrah Buffaloes. For this, 10 cyclic and 10 acyclic Murrah Buffaloes were
selected and comparison was made through the analysis of serum samples to differentiate
the concentration of micro minerals in both types of Buffalo as mentioned above. The
results of this study showed that the micro mineral concentrations like Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn
were significantly higher in cyclic buffaloes than that of acyclic ones.
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Post 20 Estimation of haematological changes in Dogs affected with hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Rai R., Rai M. and Yadav R. S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is an acute disorder of dogs characterized by vomiting and
bloody diarrhoea. In this present study the haematological parameters were taken as a
diagnostic aid to made differences in between normal and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
affected dogs. The affected cases were identified with the help of history and the
symptoms. The haematological tests were done in order to estimate the Hb, PCV, TLC
and DLC in 7 affected dogs and that of unaffected ones. The findings revealed that the
value of Hb and PCV were significantly lower and TLC was significantly higher in
affected dogs than that of normal ones. Findigs of DLC showed that Neutrophil along
with Eosinophil count were significantly higher in affected dogs than that of unaffected
ones.
Post 21 Haematological changes in bitch affected with pyometra
Dalai N., Shekhar S., Dewangan B. K., Yadav R. S., Rai R. and Rai M.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College, Bharatpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Canine pyometra is an infectious and inflammatory disorder of the uterus typically
occurring in adult, intact bitches during or immediately after the luteal phase of the
estrous cycle. In this present study comparision was made between the haematological
parameters (Hb, PCV, TLC and DLC) through collection of blood samples from 5
pyometra affected bitches and that of normal ones. It was found that the value of Hb and
PCV was significantly lower and TLC was significantly higher in bitches affected with
pyometra than that of normal ones. The estimation of DLC revealed that the Neutrophil
count was significantly higher and Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in
pyometra affected bitches than that of normal ones.
Post 22 Effect of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine on growth
performance and nutrient utilization in growing Hariana heifers
Singh Jai Kumar, Roy Debashis, Kumar Vinod and Kumar Muneendra
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
Uttar Pradesh 281001
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A three months growth trial including six days digestion trial was conducted to observe
the effect of rumen protected lysine and methionine on growth performance and nutrient
utilization in growing heifers of Hariana breed. Eighteen heifers were randomly
distributed into three treatment groups i.e. control (C), treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 2
(T2) on body weight basis. Heifers of all the groups were fed with basal ration consisting
of wheat straw, sorghum fodder and concentrate mixture as per requirement. Animals in
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T1 group were fed basal ration with supplementation of 1 g rumen protected methionine
(RPM, Metipearl, Kemin) and 5 g rumen protected lysine (RPL, Lysipearl, Kemin) and
animals in T2 group were fed basal ration supplemented with 2 g RPM and 10 g RPL as a
supplementation with the basal diet. Dry matter intake, body weight and feed conversion
ratio were estimated fortnightly. Gain in body weight was estimated both daily and
fortnightly. Average daily gain (ADG) and fortnightly weight gain were significantly
impacted (P=0.02) by treatment and T1 and T2 groups of animal were found to have 16
and 17% more gain than control group (ADG of C, T1 and T2 groups were 542.59,
629.63 and 635.18 g/d, respectively). Feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced
(P<0.001) by 25% and 27% in T1 and T2 diet, respectively than control. Digestibility
coefficient of crude protein were found 9% and 13% higher (P>0.05) in T1 and T2
groups than control and ADF digestibility was observed 16% more (P>0.05) in T1 group
than control. Thus supplementation of rumen protected lysine and methionine improved
the feed efficiency and growth rate of growing Hariana heifers without affecting dry
matter intake.
Post 23 Physiological responses and heat dissipation capacity of different body parts
during thermal stress in crossbred cattle
Yadav Brijesh and Singh Gynendra
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
243001
_______________________________________________________________________________________
To study the effect of thermal stress on physiological changes and surface body
temperature at different locations four dry crossbred cattle were exposed to 25, 35 and
400C temperature with relative humidity of 40-50% in the psychrometric chamber for 5
hours/day from 10:00 to 15:00 hours for 21 days. The respiratory rate (RR), rectal
temperature (RT) and pulse rate (PR) were recorded at 10.00 and 15:00 hours every day.
The surface temperatures at fore leg, head, neck, back (lumbar region), thigh and hind leg
were taken at 10.00 and 15:00 hours at five day interval (1st, 6
th, 11
th, 16
th and 21
st) with
the help of infra-red digital thermometer. The RT, RR and PR increased significantly
(P<0.05) after thermal exposure at 35 and 400C as compared to before exposure. Surface
temperature (ST) was highest at neck region both before and after thermal exposure at all
the temperatures except at 400C where ST was highest at head region. At 35
0C thermal
exposure the heat dissipation capacity was maximum at neck region and minimum at
hind leg region. At 400C thermal exposure the least heat dissipation capacity was of the
head region. From the present study it can be concluded that thermal exposure increased
the RT, RR and PR in an attempt to acclimatize increased heat load. Heat dissipation
capacity of different body parts also varied with degree of thermal exposure.
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Post 24 Effect of parity, period and season of calving in production and reproduction
traits in Deoni cattle
Basak S., Das D.N., Jeyakumar S. and Soumya N. P.
Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A total of 711 lactation records spread over 11 years (2002-2012) in 274 Deoni cattle,
maintained at National dairy Research Institute, Southern Campus, Bangalore were used
to study the effect non-genetic factors on production and reproduction traits. Lactation
records of Deoni cows were classified intofive parities (1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥5), six periodseach
one with two yearintervaland three seasonsviz., winter (November - February), summer
(March - June) and rainy (July - October). Statistical analysis was performed by using
SPSS 16.0 software for Windows. On analysis, overall mean lactation milk yield,
lactation length, service period and calving interval were estimated as 819.98 ± 16.5 kg,
195.23 ± 2.62, 158.78 ± 3.5 and 445.97 ± 3.67 days, respectively. Effect of parity and
period on lactation milk yield and length was found to be highly significant (P<0.01).
Similarly, significant influence (P<0.01) of period was observed on service period and
calving interval of the cattle. Effect of season on lactation length, service period and
calving interval was found to be non-significant, however, lactation milk yield was
influenced significantly (P<0.05) by season.
Post 25 Serum calcium and phosphorus levels of Mecheri lambs under two rearing
systems and supplementation
Muralidharan J. and Saravanakumar V. Ramesh
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal
- 637 002, Tamil Nadu.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was undertaken to assess the serum calcium and phosphorus levels of Mecheri ram
lambs under two systems of rearing with two types of supplementation. In the growth trial,
weaned main season lambs (40 animals in five groups of eight lambs each) were reared under
two systems of rearing viz., grazing (T1 -control, T2 -concentrate and T3 -urea molasses
mineral block supplementation) and stall feeding (T4-concentrate and T5-UMMB
supplementation) for a period of 150 days and blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 90,
120 and 150 days of experiment. The study revealed that, serum calcium values estimated in
different treatment groups differed significantly at 30 days, 120 days and 150 days of the
experiment. At 150 days, highest values (10.50 ± 0.24 mg/dl) were found in T3 followed by
T5, T4, T3 and lowest value was found in T1. Generally supplemented groups (T3 and T5) had
higher calcium levels. Among supplemented groups, UMMB supplemented lambs had higher
values than concentrate feed supplemented lambs. This might be due to higher level of
calcium in the UMMB. But there was no significant difference between the rearing systems.
The results concluded that some form of calcium supplementation is very much needed for
sheep kept on grazing without supplementation, especially for those under poor grazing
condition. The serum phosphorus values of main season lambs differed between the groups
from 90 days of experiment. At 120 and 150 days of age, higher values were observed in T2
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group and they differed significantly (P< 0.05) with T1 group alone. At the finishing stage
(150 days) highest serum phosphorus value was reported in T2 (5.62 ± 0.17 mg/dl) followed
by T4, T5, T3 and lowest value was recorded for T1 (4.24 ± 0.16 mg/dl). In general,
concentrate supplemented groups had the higher serum phosphorus levels compared to other
groups. The higher phosphorus in the groups is due to the rice bran included in the
concentrate feed. UMMB supplemented groups did not differ with concentrate supplemented
groups, since phosphorus is included in UMMB also. The values of serum phosphorus were
higher at the end of the experiment compared to the initial levels in all supplemented groups.
In unsupplemented group (T1) the values did not follow definite pattern.
Post 26 Methiorep-a herbal alternative to synthetic DL-methionine for poultry layer
birds
Kumari Kiran, Tiwari S. P., Ravikanth K. and Thakur A.
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Since the poultry production is growing in India, demand of methionine is increasing day
by day. We are mostly dependent on the import to fulfill our requirement of synthetic
methionine. An experiment was conducted on Rhode Island Red (RIR) layer birds from
20 to 35 weeks of age to investigate the effect of supplementing herbal methionine
(Methiorep supplied by M/S Ayurvet Ltd, Baddi, HP) that replaced synthetic DL-
methionine in the diets of layer birds. Ninety 15 weeks old RIR chickens were randomly
divided into 3 experimental groups, each of which comprised of three replicates of ten
birds. Group I- basal diet without methionine, Group II-basal diet with DL methionine @
1kg/ton of feed, Group III- basal diet with Methiorep (herbal methionine) @ 1 kg/ton of
feed. The efficacy was compared on the basis of egg production and egg quality
attributes. On the basis of results of the experiment, the feed intake (g/hen/day) was
comparable in both the treated groups. The egg production (90.32 % in group II and
90.04 % in group III) and egg weight (56.25 g in group II and 56.13 g in group III) was
significantly high as compared to control (80.85% and 50.45 g) The percentage mortality
was 1.70 in group II and 1.65 in group III as compared to 3.05 in control. The percentage
of egg components was comparable in all the groups without any significant difference.
Synthetic methionine is produced either by genetic engineered sources and involves the
use of highly toxic and hazardous chemicals such as HCN, ammonia and methyl
mercaptaldehyde, which results in significant pollution of environment. Keeping in view
the harmful aspects of synthetic methionine it can be concluded that herbal methionine
(Methiorep) can successfully replace synthetic DL-methionine in the poultry layer ration.
Post 27 Efficacy of zinc in prevention of piglet diarrhea
Deka Ilakshy, Goswami J., Saikia A., Kalita D. and Sarmah B.C.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University,
Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Piglet diarrhoea is basically caused due to the E.Coli infection that take place as a result
of atrophy of the intestinal lining of the epithelium following weaning which attributes
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heavy economical loss to the pig farmer. To address this burning problem of the pig
farmer, the present experiment was designed at AICRP on Pig, College of Veterinary
Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati by supplementing
different graded level of zinc in the piglet diet (feed). Forty (40) numbers of crossbred
(Hampshire X Assam Local) piglets of 52 days old were selected for the study. The
piglets were divided randomly into 4 equal groups and maintained under zinc
supplemented feed for a period of 14 days (from 52 to 64 days of age). The piglets were
weaned at 56 days. The Group-I (Control) was offered 100ppm of ZnSO4 as per NRC
recommendation. The group II, Group III and Group IV of the experimental groups were
fed pharmacological dose level 1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm zinc respectively.
Blood collection was done at 1st, 7
th and 14
th day of feeding for estimation of different
blood parameters. Daily monitoring for piglet diarrhoea was done. From this study it is
observed that, in group III and IV, there was no evidence of piglet diarrhoea whereas in
Group II only two piglets and in group I six piglets were observed of having diarrhoea
during the experimental period. The analyzed blood serum profile of zinc, copper,
calcium, phosphorus, glucose, amylase, total protein, globulin and albumin supports the
role of zinc in prevention of piglet diarrhoea. It is concluded that 2000ppm of zinc
supplementation to the pre-weaned have higher efficacy in preventing piglet diarrhoea.
From economical point of view additional expenditure of Rs. 21.56 / piglet for 14 days to
supplementation 2000ppm of zinc in the diet of the pre-weaned piglet will prevent piglet
from piglet diarrhea which might have a loss of minimum Rs. 500. Therefore the farmer
will be benefited by at least Rs. 478.44 / piglet.
Post 28 Semen quality of roosters developed through In ovo thermal treatment
Shanmugam M., Vinoth A., K. Rajaravindra S. and Rajkumar U.
Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Epigenetic heat adaptation during embryogenesis improves adaptation to heat stress in
adult chicken. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of higher temperature
during incubation on rooster semen quality during hot climatic condition. Male chicks
hatched from normal incubation temperature (37.5C and 65% relative humidity;
Control-C) and higher incubation temperature (39.5C and 65% relative humidity; heat
exposed-HE) provided between 16-18th day of incubation for 3 hours each day were
reared and evaluated for semen quality during high ambient temperature (THI 80.94). At
64 weeks of age semen from eight roosters from each group was collected and evaluated
for different gross semen parameters, hypo-osmotic swelling test, sperm chromatin
damage and seminal plasma cortisol. The results showed no significant difference
between the groups in any of the parameters studied except for abnormal sperm that were
lower in the HE birds. From the results it was concluded that higher temperature during
incubation reduced abnormal sperm percent during heat stress. Further research on
duration and time of heat treatment during incubation is needed to bring overall
improvement in rooster semen quality during heat stress.
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Post 29 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of 12S rRNA gene of Cattle, Buffalo and Yak
Saikia D. P., Kalita D.J., Borah P., Zaman G.U., Sarma S., Barman N.N. and Dutta R.
College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Guwahati, Assam
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Combination of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleotide sequencing is the most preferred and efficient
method for characterization of different species in terms of the detection power and
applicability to large scale screening. The present study was carried out with an aim to
develop a molecular fingerprint and sequencing of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of the
cattle, buffalo and yak. Blood samples were collected randomly from five different
animals of each species for mitochondrial DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was used
for the amplification of 12S rRNA gene using universal primers. The size of the
amplified products was 456bp. RFLP studies were carried out by digesting the amplicons
using restriction enzymes viz. AluI and HhaI. The resulting RFLP pattern could easily
identify and differentiate the genetic diversity of each of the species. Sequencing of the
amplicons in all the three species was carried out to confirm the variations at nucleotide
level. Sequence analysis of the 12S rRNA gene using DNA STAR software, MEGA5
software and also PCR-RFLP has revealed that of 12S rRNA gene can be used as
molecular marker for study of genetic diversity among cattle, buffalo and yak.
Post 30 Studies on physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters in
working Hallikar bullocks
Sudhakar M. L., Narayana Swamy M., Veena T., Yathiraj S., Jayashankar M. R. and
Honnappa T. G.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, KVAFSU, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken with the objective of determining physiological,
hematological and biochemical parameters in working Hallikar bullocks at three sessions
with an minimum interval of ten days. Eight Hallikar bullocks of three to five years age
maintained by the farmers at Tiptur taluk, Karnataka state and used for ploughing of land
for agricultural purposes were considered for the present study. Physiological responses
like pulse rate, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and ruminal motility were
recorded prior to and after four hours of ploughing work. Hematological parameters such
as total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin content
and differential leucocyte count were performed. Similarly, serum biochemical
constituents such as sodium, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase activity, urine pH,
creatinine and total protein were estimated using commercially available kits. Blood
glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate levels were estimated using glucometer, optium Xceed.
The values of physiological and hematological parameters increased significantly
(P<0.05) at post work condition compared to pre-work condition except ruminal motility.
Among the different leucocytes, there was significantly (P<0.05) reduced eosinophils per
cent at post work. Biochemical parameters showed significant (P<0.05) increase at post
work compared to pre work status except blood glucose levels and LDH activity. It was
concluded that there were significant variations of certain physiological, hematological
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and biochemical parameters at post work condition in Hallikar bullocks that necessitates
rest period in between working schedule and demand for adequate water requirement to
working bullocks.
Post 31 Effect of liquid nitrogen levels during storage of cryopreserved (frozen)
semen of Bhadawari buffalo bulls
Mishra Sanjay K., Singh Vijay and Saxena Atul
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Forty eight semen ejaculates collected from 4bhadawari buffalo bulls were cryopreserved
and stored at various levels of liquid nitrogen to study the effect of different levels of
liquid nitrogen on various post thaw seminal parameters. overall mean values for various
seminalattributes viz. Post Thaw Motility (PTM- %), Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test
(HOST - %) and cervical mucous penetration test (CMPT – mm ) were 60.22 ± 1.08 ,
55.44 ± 0.60,50.44 ± 0.80, 33.72± 0.65,59.39 ± 1.22, 56.89 ± 1.72, 53.50 ± 1.56, 45.11 ±
1.84, 30.39 ± 1.08, 29.39 ± 1.12, 28.61 ± 1.18, and 23.94 ± 1.32 while liquid nitrogen
level was full (100%)3/4 th (75%), half (50%) and 1/4
th (25%) of frozen semen
straw,respectively. The overall percent post thaw motility, percent HOS positive sperm
and the mean distance travelled by vanguard spermatozoa (CMPT) was found
significantly lower(P< 0.01) when the liquid nitrogen remained 1/4th level of straws as
compared to full, 3/4th ,and1/2 levels. Overall mean values for Post Thaw Motility
(PTM), Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test (HOST) and cervical mucus penetration test
(CMPT) were best observed during the full level of liquid nitrogen and drops
significantly when level of liquid nitrogen reaches to 1/4th level of semen straws and
remain for 24 hrs.
Post 32 Association of conception rate with physico-chemical properties of cervical
mucus in Hariana and Sahiwal cows
Mishra Sanjay K., Singh Vijay and Saxena Atul
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fertility is the most valuable economic determinant in the success of dairy sector. Proper time
of insemination is one of the most essential component of reproductive management as it
contributes towards the actual conception rate / pregnancy rate in dairy animals. Critical
analysis of cervical mucus in relation to the stage of estrus is the foremost and mandatory to
underscore the correct time of insemination in the dairy animals. In this regard the present
study was undertaken over 42hariana cows and 32 sahiwal cows at ILFC, DUVASU,Mathura
to find out the relationship between conception rate and the physico-chemical properties of
cervico-vaginal mucus. The cervico-vaginal mucus was collected using sterile blue sheath
before AI on the day of standing estrus. These mucus samples were examined for quantity
(scanty/ moderate/ copious), appearance (transparent/ transluscent), consistency (thin /
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moderate / thick), spinbarkeit value, fern pattern (nil/atypical/ typical), pH and electrical
conductivity. Cows were inseminated artificially and pregnancy was confirmed after 45 days
of AI. There was significantly (P<0.05) higher conception rate in cows with cervico-vaginal
mucous having typical fern pattern(56%) compare to atypical fern pattern (16%) and no
conception was recorded in the estrual mucus with nil fern pattern. Thus present study shows
that for augmentation of conception rate cows should be inseminated at proper stage of estrus
on the basis of physico-chemical properties of cervical mucus.
Post 33 Antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous leaves extracts of Costus pictus,
Solanum nigrum and their combination in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Ranjitha V. H., Narayana Swamy M., Veena T., Krishnaswamy A., Satyanarayana M.
L. and Upendra H. A.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, KVAFSU, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The aqueous extract of the leaves of Costus pictus (Family: Costaceae) commonly known as
insulin plant and Solanum nigrum (Family: Solanaceae) commonly known as black night
shade and their combination were studied for their antihyperglycemic effect in alloxan
induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups
(n=6). Group I served as normal control. Diabetes was induced in group II to V by
intraperitoneal administration of single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Group II
was kept as diabetic control throughout the study. Group III rats were gavaged once daily at
morning hours between 9.00 AM to 10.00 AM with aqueous extract of Costus pictus leaves
@ 100 mg/kg bw, Group IV rats with aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves @ 100
mg/kg bw and Group V rats with both the aqueous extract of Costus pictus @ 50 mg/kg bw
and Solanum nigrum @ 50 mg/kg bw for a period of 56 days. The changes in blood glucose
level and body weight were measured at seven days interval and it was found that in all the
extracts supplemented groups, the glucose levels significantly (P<0.05) decreased to the
normal levels on day 49 and 56. The Group V that received combination of extracts showed
better improvement in body weight compared to Group III and Group IV on day 49 and 56.
After 56 days of study, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and pancreas from all
the rats were collected for histo-pathological examination and it was found that the pancreas
of Group V, that received the extracts of both the plants showed better islet population and
more number of islet cells compared to regeneration of islet population in Group III and IV. It
is hypothesized that the leaves extracts of Costus pictus and Solanum nigrum could be used
to normalize blood glucose levels, to improve the body weight and for better regeneration of
pancreatic islet cells in diabetic conditions.
Post 34 Ovarian antral follicular dynamics and biochemical profile of ovarian
follicular fluid in non-descript goats of Karnataka
Tungal Seema S., Swamy Narayana M., Veena T., Honnappa T. G. and Bhaskaran R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, KVAFSU, Bangalore
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was carried out to elucidate ovarian antral follicular dynamics and biochemical
profile of certain components in ovarian follicular fluid of non-descript goats of
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Karnataka. Three hundred ovaries were collected from healthy non-descript goats
slaughtered at meat production centre, Bangalore during the months of September to
December, 2012. The surface ovarian antral follicles were categorized into three groups
based on the diameter as Group I (small, 1 to 2.9 mm), Group II (medium, 3 to 5 mm)
and Group III (large, >5 mm) follicles. The follicular fluid collected and pooled as per the
groups of follicles was analysed for the levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, total
cholesterol, estradiol-17β, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities. The
results of the present study revealed significantly (P<0.05) higher number of medium
sized follicles compared to small and large sized follicles. The glucose content and acid
phosphatase activities were significantly (P<0.05) higher in small follicles compared to
medium and large follicles which could be attributed to the nutritional requirement of
more glucose during early stages of antral follicular development. The total protein,
albumin levels and alkaline phosphatase activities differed non-significantly between
various groups of follicles. Total cholesterol and estradiol-17β levels were significantly
(P<0.05) higher in large follicles compared to small and medium follicles which could be
due to growth and development of granulosa cells. It was concluded that the findings of
the present study on ovarian antral follicular dynamics and biochemical profile of
follicular fluid in non descript goats could be useful for in vitro maturation and
fertilization in goats.
Post 35 Haematological profile of Gaolao heifers
Kapale P.M., Jagtap D.G. and Badukale D.M.
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The importance of Hematological studies in animal health and disease is well known. The
Hematological Profile indicates the nutritional status and production capacity of the animals.
The present study was under taken to generate the hemogram of Gaolao cattle breed of
Vidharbha region of Maharashtra State. Fifteen Gaolao, heifers ranging from one to three years
of age at „Government Cattle Breeding Farm, Hetikundi, Dist. Wardha‟ were selected for the
study. Blood samples were collected and analyzed immediately for total erythrocytes,
hemoglobin, PCV, MCV,MCH, MCHC, total leucocytes and differential leucocytes count. The
hematological parameters were studied using standard procedure described by Wintrobe (1960)
and Schalm et al (1975). Pandey and Pal (1971) reported TEC (9.09±0.22 million/mm), TLC
(9.93±0.32 thousand/mm) and Hb (11.67±0.28%) in Hariyana young ones. Patel et al. (1965)
reported Lymphocytes (64±1.5%), Eosinophils(6±0.4%) and monocytes (3±0.2%)in gir young
ones above one year of age. Hb 7.32 gm% in heifers above one year and 7.85gm% in heifers
above two and half year age was reported by Sharma and Satish Chander (1970). Mullic and
Pal (1942) recorded TEC (11.6 million/mm), TLC (13.1 thousand/mm) and Hb (14.6%) in
Harayana young ones. Hematological study of 15 healthy heifers of Gaolao cattle breed has
been carried out. And the observations were as follows. The mean ± S.E. values of total
erythrocyte (10.3±0.million/cu mm.), Hb (11.92±0.33gm%), PCV (34.07±1.11%), MCV
(33.14±0.75cuu), MCH (11.63±0.32uugm), MCHC (35.07±0.70%), TLC(9.51±0.92
thousand/cu mm), Lymphocytes (64.93±1.74%), Neutrophil (28.93±1.8%), Monocyte
(2.2±0.34%), Basophil (0.2±0.11) and Eosinophil (3.7±0.44%) have been reported in Gaolao
heifers. These differences in hematological values of different breed could be due to nutritional,
managemental and environmental factors (Talvekar et al. 1980).
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Post 36 Management of heat stress in organised broiler farms of Tirunelveli district,
Tamilnadu
Ramakrishnan V., Rajathi S. and Vinayaki M. Sundara
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute,
Tirunelveli
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In many developing countries like India, poultry production is based mainly on
traditional extensive systems. Heat stress often is a common economic problem. High
ambient temperatures can be a devastating effect to commercial broiler production.
Coupled with high humidity, high temperatures can have even more harmful effects. Heat
stress interferes with the birds comfort and suppresses productive efficiency. In an
organised broiler farm in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu reported that in May and
June months, farmers faced problems with decreased feed intake, decreased body weight
gain and increased mortality compare to earlier months of this year. The following
practices were advised to the farmers for the above problems. During the hotter periods
of the day any additional stress like vaccination, transfer, or any other kind of handling
on the birds should be avoided and should be done during the coolest period of the day,
as calmly and gently as possible. Stocking density of the birds should be reduced and
advised them to give cool drinking water to broilers. One third of the daily feed ration
should be given in the early morning and two thirds in the late afternoon and withdrawal
of the feed 8 hours prior to the anticipated time of peak temperature. Advised to use oil
up to 5 percentage in diet with an additional advantage of oil (the content of linoleic acid)
improving the production performance. Fat has also been shown to slow down feed
passage through the gastro-intestinal tract and therefore increases nutrient utilisation.
Advised to use 250-400 mg ascorbic acid/kg of feed along with 1 percentage of
electrolytes in drinking water would improve the immune status of the birds. Above
management practices were followed in that farm and it increased the production
performance of the broilers with increased body weight gain and decreased mortality.
Thereby these practices would effectively improve the economic status of the farmers.
Post 37 Effect of vitrification on the morphological status of post –thawed goat
oocytes
Vinayaki M. Sundara, Majumdar A.C., Sharma G. Taru and Ramakrishnan V.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, U.P
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A relatively recent approach to achieve freezing without use of freezing machine is called
vitrification. It is defined as the physical process by which a highly concentrated solution
of crytoprotectants solidified during cooling without formation of ice crystals. The
present study was undertaken to Effect of vitrification on the morphological status of post
–thawed goat oocytes.The total of 132,140,137,136 and 130 oocytes were examined
morphologically in group 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively. The caprine oocytes were vitrified at
0 (Group 1), 6 (Group 2), 12 (Group 3), 18 (Group 4) and 27 (Group 5) hours of
maturation. After storage , the straws were taken out of liquid N2 , kept in air for 5
seconds and then plunged into water bath 370c for 15 seconds. The contents of the
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straws were drained into a sterile petridish cutting the two ends and cryoprotectant moved
by placing the oocytes in to 1 molar sucrose solution prepared in DPBS. Vitrified oocytes
were thawed and allowed to complete 27 hours of maturation. The frozen thawed
oocytes were subjected for morphological examination under the microscope. The normal
oocytes were examined morphologically in group 1, 93.9%, in group 2,89.2%, in
group3,91.2%, in group4,87.5% and in group 5,93%.They did not differ significantly
(P>0.05).Abnormal oocytes showed cracked and broken Zona pellucida. In case of
cracked Zona pellucida following percentage from each group were observed. Group1,
6.06%, group 2,10.7%, group 3,8.7%,group 4,12.5% and group 5,6.92%.They were not
statistically significant.In case of broken zona pellucid these groups showed
3.75%,7.14%,5.83%,6.61% and 3.84% respectively and also were non-significant.
Post 38 Effect of non-hormonal treatments on postpartum true anoestrus crossbred
dairy cows
Bora Bhaskar, Perumal P., Bonia K. K., Khan M. H. and Biswas R. K.
National Research Centre on Mithun (ICAR), Jharnapani, Nagaland
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was conducted to study the efficacy of different medicaments on
postpartum anoestrus crossbred cows. Total of 20 post partum anoestrus crossbred cows
were selected based on the case history and rectal palpation from the private dairy farm in
and around the Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam. The animals were split into two groups
(n=10) and treated with Vitamin A + Tonophosphan (group 1), Vitamin A +
Tonophosphan + Genital Massage (group2). Result of experiment revealed that number
of animal responded and conceived were higher and duration between the initiation of
treatment and expression of heat was shorter in group 2 treatment and expression of
various heat signs were more prominent in this group 2 treatment. Similarly the
biochemical profiles were higher in responded animal than non- responded and in group
2 treatment. Moreover the biochemical profiles were significantly higher in day of
induced oestrus, day 20 than day 10 or 0 of treatment in responded animal and higher in
group 2 treatment. It was concluded that group 2 (Vitamin A + Tonophosphan + Genital
Massage) treatment was given better response to the postpartum anoestrus in crossbred
cows.
Post 39 Haematological status in Jersey x Sahiwal repeat breeder cows
Kekan P. M. and Shirbhate R. N.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani, Maharashtra
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present investigation was carried out at Cattle Breeding Farm of Nagpur Veterinary
College, Nagpur. Two groups of Jersey X Sahiwal cross breed, regular breeding and
repeat breeding cows, consisting six animals in each group were selected for present
study to compare certain haematological parameters. The blood samples were collected
by jugular vein puncture. The first blood sample were collected at the time of
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insemination (0 day) from each cow, whereas, second and third samples were collected
on 7th and 15
th day, respectively, from the day of insemination of two different groups of
regular and repeat breeding cows. The analysis was done by using standard procedure. It
was observed that, significant (P<0.05) decrease of haemoglobin concentration and
packed cell volume and significant (P<0.05) increase in total leukocyte count were
recorded in repeat breeder cows, as compare to regular breeder cows. The total
erythrocyte count remained significantly (P<0.01) lower in repeat breeder cows. Non
significant difference in all the values on 0, 7th, and 15
th days of oestrus cycle in both the
groups was noted.
Post 40 Erythrocytic indices and leukocyte profile in Jersey x Sahiwal repeat breeder
cows
Kekan P. M. and Shirbhate R. N.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani, Maharashtra
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In the present study two groups of Jersey X Sahiwal cross breed, regular breeding and
repeat breeding cows, consisting six animals in each group were formed to compare
certain haematological parameters. The blood samples were collected by jugular vein
puncture. The first blood sample were collected at the time of insemination (0 day) from
each cow, whereas, second and third samples were collected on 7th and 15
th day,
respectively, from the day of insemination of two different groups of regular and repeat
breeding cows. The analysis was done by using standard procedure. The erythrocytic
indices was calculated by using the obtained values of packed cell volume, total
erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration in formula. Whereas, differential
leukocyte count by standard procedure. It was observed that, significantly (P<0.01)
higher values of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin was noted
in repeat breeder cows. Non significantly lower values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin
concentration was recorded in repeat breeder cows, as compare to regular breeder. The
lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in repeat breeder cows were significantly (P<0.01)
lower, whereas, neutrophil count was significantly (P<0.01) higher in repeat breeder
cows. However, monocyte was nonsignificantly higher and basophil count remained
nonsignificantly lower, in repeat breeder cows. The differential leucocyte count indicated
significant neutrophilia with relative lymphopenia, in repeat breeder group of cows. Non
significant difference in all the values was recorded on 0, 7th, and 15
th days of oestrus
cycle in both the groups.
Post 41 Haematological studies in relation to age and sex in Deoni cattle
Deshpande S. D. and Sawant M. K.
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Haematology plays an important role in knowing the health status of an animal. Deoni is
one of the popular dual purpose breed of Marathwada region. However perusal of the
literature did not reveal any reference on the haematology. Therefore the present research
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project was undertaken to study the Hematological changes in Deoni cattle blood in
relation to age and sex. The apparently healthy animals of pure Deoni cattle breed
categorized in to female calves, male calves, heifers, bull calves, cows and bullocks were
selected for the present study from the cattle cross breeding project, Marathwada
Agricultural University, Parbhani. The selected animals were maintained separately with
routine managemental practices. Adult animals were let loose for grazing between 8 a.m.
to 2 p.m. and then they were stall fed as per standard schedule. Their feed composed of
concentrate mixture, greens and jowar kadbi as per the requirement (maintenance and
production). The animals had free access to drinking water. The hematological
parameters included were total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin, packed cell
volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin
(MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC), Total leucocyte count
(TLC), differential leucocyte count and specific gravity of blood. The total erythrocyte
count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, increased
as the age advanced in Deoni cattle. The decline in haemoglobin was observed with age
in (females only). Packed cell volume, total leukocyte count and lymphocytes exhibited
this trend in either of the sex groups. The Deoni bullocks had higher erythrocyte count, as
compared to the cows. The Deoni cows exhibited higher neutrophil percentage than the
bullocks. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was higher in heifers than
the bull calves of same age group indicating the difference due to sex. However female
calves had higher total leucocyte count than the male calves.
Post 42 Assessment of mineral profile relationship of animals, soil, feeds and fodder
in the districts of Marathwada (MS) for improvement of livestock production
potential.
Deshpande S.D., S.M Wankhede Salve P.B., Koranne P.S. and Kanchi S.
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The availability of minerals to animals in appropriate quantities is a major factor in
determining the health and productivity of animals. Nutrient composition of feeds and
fodders especially the minerals are dependent on the soil. The efficiency of mineral
uptake by plant from soil and the availability and utilization of minerals through intake of
plants/feeds by the animals is variable in different agro-climatic zone. Keeping this view,
the present study was undertaken with the objectives of assessment of mineral status of
the animals, feeds and fodders and soil of the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state,
(a)To determine the levels of macro and micro minerals in the serum of large ruminants
(Cattle & Buffaloes),(b)To estimate the mineral content of soils, feeds and fodders, (c) to
generate data base in respect of minerals in Parbhani, Hingoli, Beed, Jalna and
Aurangabad districts of Maharashtra state(d)to establish the relationship between soils,
plant and animals. In all 26 talukas selected from 5 districts. In each taluka two villages
based on Irrigated and Non-irrigated type randomly selected as per the list by
department of AH State Govt. of Maharashtra, Pune. Ten animals in each village were
selected for collection of blood samples. Information pertaining to village profile, farmers
profile and animal profile collected by the sampler. The samples of soil, feeds and
fodders collected, for analysis of Macro minerals and Micro minerals by atomic
absorption spectrophotometer.The data was analysed by least squares analysis for
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population means comparison between districts and seasons. It is concluded that serum
minerals i.e. calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc were within the
normal range of critical levels for serum. The mean and SE values for feed minerals i.e.
calcium, phosphorus, copper and iron were within the normal limits. However, feed
magnesium and zinc were below the critical levels. Mean and SE values for soil calcium,
phosphorus, copper, magnesium and zinc were within normal limits while, soil iron was
below the critical levels.
Post 43 Serum enzymes and total proteins during pregnancy and lactation Red
Kandhari cow
Farkande S.D. and Deshpande S.D.
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Aminotransferases are of diagnostic significance since they arise from different tissues.
Heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney are rich sources of AST (in that order), whereas
ALT is found in high concentration in liver. So it could be expected that serum levels of
transaminases will increase due to necrosis and inflammation of corresponding organs.
Alkaline Phosphatase activity has physiological and bone disorder related variation
whereas acid phosphatase activity in blood could be nonprostatic and prostatic in nature.
In view of this the study was undertaken, to obtain baseline serum enzyme levels and to
study variation in serum enzymes during pregnancy and lactation. Experimental Red
Kandhari Cows were selected from Red Kandhari Farm of College along with adjoining
area of Parbhani. The cows were categorized according to stages of pregnancy as early ,
mid and advance pregnant while lactating cows as early , mid and late lactating .
Blood samples were collected, analysed for enzyme activity using standard protocol for
following serum enzymes viz. Aspartate transaminase Alanine transaminase, alkaline
phosphates, Acid phosphatase, Lactate dehydrogenase and Total proteins. The data was
statistically analyzed and significant differences were observed.
1. Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity during early and mid
pregnancy was lower than the early and mid lactation.
2. The alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher during pregnancy than the
lactational stages.
3. The acid phosphatase activity was significantly lower during advance pregnancy than
the mid and late lactational stages.
4. The lactate dehydrogenase activity during early and advance pregnancy was
significantly lower than the lactational stages.
5. The total protein levels were higher in mid pregnancy as compared to mid lactation.
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Post 44 Effect of Fenvalerate, Methyl Parathion and Biocholine on serum
biochemical attributes in commercial broilers
Kumar S., Shukla P.K. and Bhattacharyya A.
Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of two different pesticides-
Fenvalerate (FEN) and Methyl parathion (MPA) with or without biocholine (BC) on the
serum biochemical attributes at 7th week of age. One hundred and fifty one week old
straight run broiler chicks were divided into ten dietary treatment groups, each consisting
of three replicates and five chicks in each replicate. The birds were subjected to dietary
treatments viz. Basal diet + choline chloride @ 1400ppm (control), basal diet + BC @
500 ppm, basal diet + FEN @ 150 ppm, basal diet + FEN 150 ppm + BC @ 500 ppm,
basal diet + FEN 200 ppm, basal diet + FEN 200 ppm + BC @ 500 ppm, basal diet +
MPA 75 ppm, basal diet + MPA 75 ppm + BC @ 500 ppm, basal diet + MPA 100 ppm
and basal diet + MPA 100ppm+ BC @ 500ppm. Serum SGOT, SGPT and alkaline
phosphates showed a significant (p< 0.01) increase in their mean values in the groups fed
with FEN (150 or 200 ppm) and MPA (75 or 100 ppm). However, supplementation of
BC at a level of 500 ppm with these pesticides showed beneficial effect in reducing the
mean values of these enzymes. In addition, there was a significant (p< 0.01) reduction in
serum albumin, serum globulin and a significant increase in albumin: globulin ratio in the
birds fed with FEN (150 or 200 ppm) or MPA (75 or 100 ppm). However, significant
beneficial effects of BC have been recorded when supplemented with these pesticides.
Thus, it may be concluded that Fenvalerate (150 ppm) and Methyl parathion (75 ppm or
100 ppm) increased the various serum attributes. BC had a beneficial effect in alleviating
the enzyme levels elicited due to these pesticides.
Post 45 Effect of maternal dietary manipulation and in ovo injection of nutrients on
the serum biochemical indices of neonate turkey poults
Bhattacharyya A., Majumdar S., Bhanja S. K., Mandal A. B. and Kadam M.M.
Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was designed involving maternal dietary manipulation (NRC-N or higher
plane of nutrition-H), in ovo nutrient injection (in ovo essential amino acids- INA, omega
3 & omega 6 fatty acids and vitamin A & vitamin E -INFV, in ovo essential amino acids,
omega 3 & omega 6 fatty acids and vitamin A & E-INAFV, sham control-S and un
injected control-C) in a 2 X 5 factorial design. Two hundred turkey breeder hens and
twenty-four viable toms of 30-35 weeks of age of small white variety were distributed
into two treatment groups having four replicates of 25 hens and 3 toms in each treatment.
First four replicates were offered turkey breeder diet (NRC, 1994) and other four
replicates were maintained on a higher plane of nutrition for 8 week duration. 548 fertile
eggs were collected and on 21st day ED the eggs were in ovo injected with nutrients.
Serum blood biochemicals were determined at day old by sacrificing six chicks from
each dietary treatment. Irrespective of the plane of breeder nutrition, SGOT levels were
significantly higher (P<0.01) in the chicks subjected to in ovo amino acid injection.
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Similarly, poults subjected to in ovo amino acid injection treatment had significantly
higher (P<0.01) uric acid levels compared to the other treatment groups. In addition,
there were no significant differences observed in the other serum biochemical attributes
at day old. The study envisaged that in ovo injection of nutrients may not adversely affect
the serum biochemical attributes of neonate turkey poults.
Post 46 Blood metabolites and mineral status in buffaloes suffering from digestive
disorders
Madan Jyotsana, Sindhu Sonia, Rose Manoj Kumar, Gupta Meenakshi and Verma
Ajay Kumar
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLRUVAS, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted to investigate the changes in blood metabolites in buffaloes
suffering from digestive disorders reported to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex,
Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar. To compare the
findings with normal, the blood samples were collected from healthy adult buffaloes of
animal farm, Department of LPM, LLRUVAS, Hisar. Analysis of blood samples revealed
significant decrease in glucose and cholesterol in digestive disorder cases and significant
increase in LDH, AST and blood urea in comparison to control healthy animals. Rise in
the levels of LDH, AST and urea indicated disturbed liver functions and alteration in
metabolic sequence at cellular level in digestive disorder cases. The decrease in glucose,
cholesterol and increase in ketone bodies in diseased cases suggest disturbed metabolism
in affected buffaloes which might be because of altered feeding in the diseased animals.
The decrease levels of protein and albumin was observed in diseased animals. Calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc were found non significantly lower in diseased
buffaloes.
Post 47 Effect of organic and inorganic zinc supplementation on the morphology of
testes in Assam goat (Capra hircus) kids
Devi Jonali, Goswami J., Sarmah B.C., Chakravarty P. and Sarma K.
College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Growth and functional responsiveness of male genital organs in goat to zinc supplementation
at their active phase of growth would yield valuable scientific information regarding the
possible role of dietary zinc in regulating the initiation of germ cell multiplication in the
seminiferous tubules and optimizing suitable bio-environment in the epididymis for
maturation of germ cells which ultimately leads to induction of precocious puberty. Keeping
in view of the above, the present investigation was taken up in thirty six numbers of healthy
Assam local male goats of three months of age between 3 to 4 kg body weights. The kids
were divided into three groups according to the feeding regime as group I (Control group) in
which animals received no zinc supplementation, While group II and III animals received
inorganic (Zinc sulphate @120mg/ kid/day) and organic form (Zinc propionate @
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40mg/kid/day) of zinc supplements , respectively with concentrate mixture. The study
revealed both treatment and age wise variations in respect of histomorphological parameters.
At 4 months of age, elongated spermatids were observed in the adluminal portion of the
Sertoli cells of kids of organic zinc-supplemented group; however mature spermatozoa
appeared in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules at 5 months of age. Immature spermatozoa
i.e. spermatocytes and round spermatids were observed in the epithelium as well as in the
lumen of the seminiferous tubules at 4 months of age in cases of inorganic and control group.
In inorganic group, mature spermatozoa appeared in the tubular lumen at 5 months of age;
however the concentration was lower as compared to the organic group. From 6 months
onwards, spermatozoa were seen in the lumen in all groups of kids, however, maximum
concentrations of tubular spermatozoa were observed in organic zinc-supplemented group.
All the micrometrical parameters i.e. thickness of tunica albugenia, diameter of seminiferous
tubule, diameter of lumen of the seminiferous tubule and height of epithelium of the
seminiferous tubule increased with advancing age. Highest diameter of seminiferous tubule
was found in organic group from 4 to 7 months of age followed by inorganic and then control
group at all ages. Height of epithelium of the seminiferous tubule of organic group was
significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group in all the ages, whereas in inorganic
group showed significantly higher values at 7 month of age as compared to the control group.
Therefore, it can be concluded that early attainment of puberty in male kids could be achieved
by supplementation of zinc. Organic zinc source proved better choice than inorganic one as
feed supplement considering bioavailability and effectiveness.
Post 48 Study of changes in Haematological parameters during different lactations in
Toggenberg goats
Bhat Ishfaq Hassan, Devi Jonali and Kour K.
Division of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-J, R.S.Pura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The investigation was undertaken to study some haematological parameters during
different stages in different lactations in Toggenberg goats. These included control group,
consisting of dry goats and group I, II, III and IV containing goats in 1st, 2
nd, 3
rd and 4
th
lactation period. Further each lactation period was divided into early, mid and late stage.
Blood samples were collected at one month interval in all the groups. Samples collected
in first two months was considered as early stage, 3rd
and 4th months are considered as
mid and 5th and 6
th months as late lactation stage. Blood samples were analyzed by using
conventional methods for various haematological parameters. Haemoglobin, TEC,
erytrocytic indices and TLC showed decreasing trend form early to late stage. PCV
percentage at early stage was significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared to the values of
late lactation in group I, II and IV. Significantly higher neutrophil percentage was
recorded in early and mid stage, whereas, lymphocyte percentage was higher during late
lactation. Hb, PCV, TEC levels were lower, whereas, significantly higher (P<0.05) TLC
was found in lactation as compared to dry stage. Percentage of neutrophils was
significantly higher while lymphocyte percentage significantly lower in lactating goats.
Significantly lower MCV levels were found in groups I, II and III as compared to control
group; on the other hand, MCH value was significantly higher in 2nd
and 3rd
lactation and
MCHC higher in all lactating groups as compared to other groups.
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Post 49 Changes in certain serum biochemical profile from birth to ten months of
age in male Assam goat
Sarma Kamal, Kalita S.N., Devi Jonali and Chakravarty P.
Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati
_______________________________________________________________________________________
This study was conducted to generate a baseline data on the concentrations of different
biochemicals in the serum in male Assam goats at various post natal ages. The mean
concentration of blood glucose showed an increasing pattern with advancing age in the
male Assam goats ranging from 39.32 ± 0.12 mg per cent at birth to 51.92 ± 0.05 mg per
cent in 10 months old bucks. But, serum cholesterol concentration showed a declining
trend that varied from 108.93 ± 1.35 mg per cent at birth to 62.23 ± 0.66 mg per cent in
10 months old goats. Again, the levels of serum total protein increased from 3.96 ± 1.35
to 8.16 ± 0.02 g per cent at birth and at 10 month of age, respectively. The variations in
concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and total protein were found to be highly
significant (P<0.01) between various age groups under study.
Post 50 Studies of some biochemical parameters in Rambouillet sheep during
seasonal migration in Jammu region
Reothia A., Devi J., Koul A.L. and Kour K.
Division of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-J, R.S.Pura, Jammu
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The investigation was undertaken to study some physiological parameters in migratory
Rambouillet sheep during seasonal migration in Jammu. Animals were divided into
group A (male sheep of 1-2 years), group B (male sheep of 2-4 years), group C (female
sheep of 1-2years) and group D (female sheep of 2-4 years). Blood samples were
collected during uphill and downhill migration at different stations and were analyzed for
protein, albumin and globulin using analytical kits. Total immunoglobulin was estimated
by procedure described by McEwan et al. (1970). During uphill migration, non-
significant decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations (gm/dl) were recorded
from foothills to mid station in all the groups. Highest total protein and albumin
concentrations were recorded at high altitude pasture immediately after uphill migration.
Total protein and albumin levels were found higher in adult and male sheep when
compared to young and female. No significant difference in globulin concentrations were
observed during migration and in between different groups. Highest Ig level (gm/l) was
observed at mid-station as 33.00 + 1.41, 24.67 + 1.52, 28.67 + 1.28 and 29.50 + 1.33 in
group A,B,C and D, respectively. However, during downhill migration decreasing trend
of Ig levels were recorded in all the groups.
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Post 51 Comparison between basic physiological entities of hill cattle under field
conditions in two divisions of Uttarakhand
Pant Malini, Yadav Mrigakshi and Rastogi S.K.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G.B.
Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Uttarakhand is divided into two major geographical sectors, the Garhwal and the
Kumaon. The Garhwal region (Uttarkashi) is located at 30.730N and 78.45
0E at an
average altitude of 1158m above MSL with the ambient temperature of 12-240C, 2-4
km/h wind velocity and 66% relative humidity. The Kumaon region (Pithoragarh) is
located at 29.580N and 80.22
0E at an average altitude of 1645m above MSL, with the
ambient temperature of 15-240C, 2-4 km/h wind velocity and 76% relative humidity
during the month of September. The hill cattle were categorized into 4 groups as male
and female, young (aged 5 month-one year) and adults (4-10 years), pregnant and non-
pregnant, lactating and non-lactating. Variations in rectal temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate were assessed in 48 clinically healthy (local cattle) hill cattle (six animals
in each category) in the two sectors during the month of September. The rectal
temperature was almost homogenous in all the categories except in the young animals of
both the ramifications which were 101.5±0.53 0C in Garhwal and 102.5±0.04
0C in
Kumaon region. Respiration rates varied to a great degree, where minimum variations
were seen in the groups of young which was 26.3±0.37 per min in Garhwal and
23.5±0.53 per min in Kumaon region whereas maximum was seen in non pregnant
females with a value of 27.9±2.22 per min in Garhwal while 19.44±0.11 per min in
Kumaon suggesting some major climatic influence. Heart rates also showed a remarkable
difference and it was maximum in females as 67.6±3.57 per min in Garhwal while
77.9±0.24 per min in Kumaon region again implying a significant ambience disparity.
These variations in the hill cattle suggest that some major differences may exist in the
living conditions, macro and micro climate in the two regions of Uttarakhand. Most
values being on a higher side in the Kumaon belt suggesting that there may be some sort
of physical exertions in that area which could be more than that of the Garhwal belt.
Post 52 Biochemical characteristics of nondescript domestic Geese (Anser anser) at
different ages and sexes
Thavasiappan V., Visha P., Nanjappan K., and Anilkumar R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. Tamil Nadu
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was carried out on the nondescript domestic Geese (Anser anser) available at
the Sheep Breeding Research Station (SBRS), Sandynallah, Nilgiris district, a unit of
TANUVAS, Chennai. Sixty apparently healthy nondescript domestic geese of 1 month to
12 years age (30 male and 30 female) were randomly grouped in to five groups of 6 birds
for each sex, viz. 1-2 months, 2 - 24 months, 2-5years, 5-9 years and 9–12years. All the
birds were reared in semi intensive system under deep litter sheds. They were fed
concentrate @ 100 g/bird/day which was fed in the morning and evening. The birds were
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allowed grazing in paddocks having ponds for 6 hours daily (0900 to 1200 and 1400 to
1900h). The data from the birds were collected on three consecutive days. Blood samples
were collected from the wing veins in to dry tubes containing ethylene diamine
tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (2 mg/ml) before feeding. Each bird was manually restrained.
Plasma was separated and stored at -10oC. Blood biochemical parameters viz. glucose,
total protein, total cholestrol, urea and calcium were analyzed. There was no significant
difference in the levels of glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, urea and calcium
between the male and female birds in any of the age groups.
Post 53 Effect of feeding synthetic Vitamin C and polyherbal feed premix
supplementation on stress hormones in broiler during hot summer
Sujatha V., Korde Jayant P., Rastogi Sunil K., Yadav Brijesh and Suresh. C
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, GBPUAT, Pantnagsr
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Present study was carried out to discern the effect of dietary supplementation of poly
herbal feed premix (Stresroak) and ascorbic acid on stress hormones during the summer
months of june and july at Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) when temperature – humidity index
was 84.74±2.5. A six week feeding trial on day old broiler chick was conducted in a
completely randomized block design, dividing the chicks into 3 groups of 20 each.
Control group 1 was given basal diet and treatment 1 and treatment 2 were supplemented
with synthetic vitamin C (100gm/tone of feed) and polyherbal feed premix (1kg/tone of
feed), respectively. Total cortisol, T3 and T4 were estimated at the end of the 6th week.
At the end of the 6th week, total plasma cortisol levels were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower
in the polyherbal premix treated group [Stresroak (2.11 ± 0.22 nM/l) followed by the
synthetic vitamin C (3.84 ± 0.42 nM/l)] and untreated control group (4.93±0.4 nM/l).
Total T3 concentration (nM/l) was not significantly higher in either the polyherbal
premix (2.22 ± 0.21) of the synthetic vitamin C (2.12 ± 0.15) group as compared to the
control group (1.83 ± 0.18). The plasma total T4 (nM/l) concentration in the control
group (21.46 ± 1.36) and the synthetic vitamin C (22.82 ± 0.88) groups were significantly
(P ≤ 0.05) lower than the polyherbal premix (31.58 ± 2.13) supplemented groups. In
treatment groups total T4 concentration was found to be increased indicating
comparatively superior metabolic activity of birds under heat stress, whereas, reduced
plasma cortisol level in treatment groups indicate the amelioration of heat stress by
antioxidant property of the herbs. Supplementation of polyherbal feed premix and
ascorbic acid significantly altered the T3:T4 ratio indicting non effectiveness of these
antioxidants in extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3. It can be concluded that the
polyherbal premix (Stresroak) could be used to minimize heat stress in broilers during
summer months. It is also suggested that these herbal antioxidants could replace synthetic
vitamin C supplementation which is economically expensive.
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Post 54 Growth performance and blood biochemical profile of growing male pig
supplemented with different levels of zinc: copper
Mili Minakshi, Baruah Anubha, Bora A., Sarma S., Saikia Asish and Deka Ilakshy
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University,
Khanapara, Guwahati
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was designed to investigate the growth performance of male growing
piglets following supplementation of three different combinations of zinc and copper.
Twenty four numbers of weaned crossbred (Hampshire × Assam local) piglets of 60 days
old were allotted randomly in 4 groups viz. control, T1, T2 and T3 groups comprising 6
piglets in each. Animals of T1, T2 and T3 were supplemented with zinc and copper
combination ratio of 125ppm: 12.5ppm, 150ppm: 15ppm and 175ppm: 17.5ppm
respectively and no supplementation was given to control group. The highest body
weight gain was recorded (52.70 ± 0.69 kg) in T3 group followed by T2 (45.78 ± 0.45kg),
T1 (43.72 ± 0.44 kg) and control (42.90 ± 0.32 kg) groups. The serum growth hormone
concentration was highest (3.73 ± 0.38 pg/ml) in T3 and lowest (2.42 ± 0.16 pg/ml) in
control group. A slight increasing trend was observed in control and T1 group but in T2
and T3 groups from 4.5 months of age an abrupt increased in serum growth hormone
concentration were observed till 6 months of age. The serum insulin concentration was
highest (1.70 ± 0.16 µIU/ml) in T3 and lowest (1.06 ± 0.09 µIU/ml) in control group. As
the supplemental dose of zinc: copper increased, the insulin concentrations were also
recorded a higher value. The serum ghrelin concentration was highest (0.23 ± 0.09 ng/ml)
in T3 and lowest (0.18 ± 0.09 ng/ml) in control group. Statistically serum ghrelin
concentration did not differ significantly between the groups. Study revealed that
175:17.5ppm of Zinc: Copper had stimulatory effect on growth performance in weaning
pigs.
Post 55 Effect of herbal antistress product Ayucee® and synthetic Vitamin C on
blood biochemical profile in ameliorating heat stress in layer birds
Kulkarni Shrikant, Jadhav N.V., Waghmare P. G., Awati B. and Suranagi M. D.
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Veterinary College, Nandi Nagar, KVAFSU, Bidar,
Karnataka
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of herbal antistress product Ayucee and
synthetic vitamin C on blood biochemical profile of layer birds during heat stress. A total
of 90 layer birds of 55 weeks age were divided into three groups of 30 birds each (T0, T1
and T2). Birds of T0 group were control animals in the experiment where as birds in T1
and T2 were treated respectively with synthetic Vitamin C @100G/tonne and herbal
premix Ayucee containing natural bioflavinoids @100g/tonne of feed on daily basis for a
period of seven weeks. The average environmental temperature and relative humidity
was respectively 39.8±0.80C and 81.33±1.2 % during the experimental period. High
ambient temperature and relative humidity resulted in increased serum cortisol (mg/ml)
level in all three groups before the treatment. However, the serum cortisol level reduced
significantly (p<0.01) towards normal values in both Ayucee and synthetic Vitamin C
treated birds as compared to control birds. Among the two treatment groups, Ayucee
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treated birds had significantly lower cortisol concentrations than synthetic Vitamin C
treated birds. Similarly the post treatment values of serum AST (IU/l) and ALT (IU/l) in
treatment groups were significantly lower than the control group. There was no
significant difference in the plasma concentrations of albumin, globulin and total proteins
among control and treatment groups. It can be concluded that the herbal antistress
product Ayucee and Synthetic Vitamin C would ameliorate heat stress in layer birds by
minimizing its adverse effects on blood cortisol, ALT and AST levels.
Post 56 Effect of management systems and seasons on semen freezability in
Jamunapari bucks
Ramachandran N., Singh N. P., Ranjan R., Gangwar Chetna and Goel A. K.
Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was carried out in 20 Jamunapari bucks (1.5 years age, 30.0 kg wt) to
assess the semen freezability for continuous one year covering three seasons viz., Rainy
(July-October), winter (November-February) and summer (March-June). The bucks were
randomly allotted after adjusting for age and body weight to intensive (10) and semi-
intensive system (10) of rearing under group feeding management conditions. The semi-
intensively managed bucks were allowed for 4 to 6 hours daily grazing in the institute
grazing area and supplemented with concentrate pellets @ 500 g/h/d while the intensively
managed bucks were fed in the shed itself @ 500 g concentrate pellets and 700 g green
fodder/h/d besides ad lib. dry fodder. The nutrients intake of the Jamunapari bucks under
both the management systems was determined as per the standard procedure using lignin
ratio technique for assessing the forage intake from the grazing area, Chromium Oxide
Paper Capsule Indicator Method for estimation of total faecal output, proximate analysis
of the feeds, forages and the faecal samples. The semen from all the bucks was collected
using AV twice a week. The initial semen evaluation was assessed as per the standard
procedure and those samples having the mass activity of +3.5 and above, volume of 0.3
ml and above per ejaculate and free of coagulation after dilution were used for freezing.
The samples were frozen conventionally using horizontal vapour freezing method
following the procedure standardized in our laboratory and stored in LN2 Container for
further evaluation. The straws, just before freezing and after 4 hours of equilibration,
were cut and a drop of semen (10 l) was used for assessing the pre-freeze/equilibration
motility. Then the stored frozen French mini Straws were thawed after 24 h of storage in
water at 40ºC for 45 sec and used for post-thaw evaluation. The subjective evaluation of
the progressive pre-freeze and post-thaw sperm motility was examined by two
independent experts and the average values were taken into account. The overall LSM for
the DM, ME and DCP intake of the intensively reared bucks were found to be 1309.38 ±
21.74 g/d, 7.76 ± 0.13 MJ/d and 106.88 ± 2.13g/d. The respective values for the bucks
reared under semi intensive system were 1396.14 ± 21.74, 8.21± 0.13 and 125.65 ± 2.13.
Similarly, the dry matter, energy and protein intake of bucks irrespective of management
systems during rainy season were observed to be 1271.99 ± 26.62 g/d, 7.44 ± 0.16 MJ/d
and 106.87 ± 2.61 g/d. The corresponding nutrients intake of bucks during winter and
summer season were 1430.81 ± 26.62, 8.45 ± 0.16, 119.51 ± 2.61 and 1355.48 ± 26.62,
8.07 ± 0.16, 122.42 ± 2.61. The overall pre-freeze motility of semen samples was non-
significantly higher in intensively reared bucks than that under semi-intensively reared
bucks (72.78 Vs 71.31%). The overall LSM for the pre-freeze motility was highest
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during rainy (75.96 ± 0.01%) followed by winter (70.04± 0.01%) and summer (70.00±
0.01%) seasons, which varied significantly (P<0.01) among seasons. Similar to the
prefreeze motility, the post-thaw progressive motility did not vary significantly between
management systems (26.03 Vs 23.73%). The post-thaw progressive motility during
rainy, winter and summer season, irrespective of the management system, was observed
to be 25.45 ± 0.02, 25.70 ± 0.02 and 23.49 ± 0.01% respectively The non-significant
variation in post-thaw progressive motility between the systems of management and
between the seasons might be due the fact that the post-thaw recovery of semen is
critically dependent on the semen processing in the laboratory apart from the initial
semen quality rather than the nutrient intake of the bucks in different systems of
management and seasons etc.
Post 57 In vitro production of meiotically competent oocytes (MII stage) by different
IVM protocols
Shankaraiah P., Swathi B., Arunakumari G., Srinivasa Prasad Ch. and Vishnu Ch.
Embryo Transfer Technology Lab ,Dept of Veterinary Gynaecology, CVSc, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Oocytes aspirated from goat ovaries were washed thrice in handling media, the selected
good quality COCs(cumulus oocyte complexes) were randomly allotted to four different
IVM media for in vitro maturation i.e. IVM-I (FSH, LH, Estradiol 17β, Bovine serum
albumin (FAF) and 10% fetal bovine serum), IVM-II (FSH, LH, Estradiol 17β, Bovine
serum albumin (FAF), 10% fetal bovine serum and EGF),IVM-III(20%Caprine follicular
fluid) and IVM-IV(20%Oestrus goat serum). Oocytes were kept individually in 20 µl
droplets of in vitro maturation medium and incubated at 39oC in 5% CO2 for 27 hrs. After
IVM period, oocytes were denuded off for cumulus cells and stained with PI (Propidium
Iodide) stain solution for 15 minutes. The stained oocytes were examined through an
inverted microscope with fluorescent illumination. The nuclear maturation of oocytes
was evaluated for MII (Metaphase-II) stage. Oocytes matured from IVM-I, IVM-II,
IVM-III, and IVM-IV were exhibited 45.74±1.70, 53.88±2.00, 70.40±2.45 and
63.54±2.08. Oocytes matured in IVM-III had the highest (P ≤ 0.05) percentage of nuclear
maturation to M-II stage (70.40±2.45) among four IVM protocols.
Post 58 Improvement in reproductive status of crossbred cows consequent to
supplementation of area specific mineral mixture
Jana Sonali, Verma M. S., Sharma K. B., Dogra P. K. and Kumar R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
CSK HPKV, Palampur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Mineral deficiency is responsible for causing many reproductive disorders like anestrus
and prolonged post partum anestrus which causes economic loss to the dairy farmers in
the state of Himachal Pradesh. The present study was undertaken to identify possible
mineral and biochemical deficiencies causing prolonged post partum anestrus and to
observe the effect of strategic supplementation of Area Specific Mineral Mixture
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(ASMM) in cases of prolonged post partum anestrus. The animals selected for study were
categorized under three groups Group I- Control anestrous cows, Group II- Anestrous
cows and Group III- prolonged post partum anestrus cows (8 to 9 months of gestation)
from both Livestock Farm of CSKHPKV, Palampur and also from nearby villages of
Panchrukhi block of District Kangra in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Strategic
supplementation of Area Specific Mineral Mixture (ASMM) was done in group II and III
animals in both farm and field. Initial analysis of plasma sample on day zero revealed a
deficiency of macro minerals like sodium, magnesium and calcium in all the three groups
of cows from farm as well as field, where as micro mineral level the plasma iron and zinc
concentration was within physiological range, where as copper and nanganese
concentration was found deficient in field animals only. After strategic mineral mixture
supplementation average plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and
phosphorus concentration showed an increasing trend with significant (p<0.05) increase
in group II and group III cows in both farm and field. Trace mineral level revealed a non
significant increase in plasma iron concentration where as significant (p<0.05) increase in
average plasma copper and zinc concentration was observed in group II cows from both
farm and field. Strategic supplementation of minerals mixture resulted in attainment of
estrus in 70% of cows within average period of 35 and 60 days of supplementation in
group II and group III cows respectively in farm. In field 72.72% and 33.33% of cows
attained estrus within an average of 30 and 65 days of mineral supplementation in group
II and group III respectively. Thus strategic mineral mixture supplementation was not
only helpful in overcoming the mineral deficiency but also efficiently improved the
anestrous and reduced postpartum anestrous period in crossbred cows.
Post 59 Evaluation of 5'- and 3' flanking regions construct of Buffalo Β-lactoglobulin
gene in mammary gland derived cell lines
Kotresh A.M., Kulkarni Shrikanth, Sharma Bhaskar and Wahal C.K.
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The genetic engineering of mammary gland provides an opportunity for the elucidation
and employment of different regulatory sequences of milk protein genes for the purpose
of heterologous protein expression. The present study is designed to evaluate the
functional efficiency of 5′- and 3′- flanking regions of buffalo β-lactoglobulin gene in
MCF7 human breast cancer cell lines. 5'- and 3′ flanking regions of buffalo β-
lactoglobulin gene construct with reporter gene of GFP (BLGP-GFP in pGLOW-TOPO
reporter vector) along with the positive control plasmid CMV-GFP, and negative control
plasmid were transfected using CLONfectin reagent in MCF-7 cell lines that were
maintained in DMEM-high glucose containing 10% FCS medium. Following 48hrs of
incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2 incubator, the cells were replenished with a complete
medium containing different combination of insulin and prolactin hormones as milk
protein gene expression is under multi-hormonal control. Flow cytometric analysis
(FACS Calibur) of the transfected cells was done to check the intensity of fluorescence of
GFP. Fluorescence intensity between two groups was analyzed by K-S statistics. A
comparison of BLGP-GFP with CMV-GFP showed nearly equal fluorescence. The 5′-
and 3′- flanking regions of β-lactoglobulin drives the GFP expression indicating the
function of promoter. Thus the present study points out the possibility of using buffalo β-
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lactoglobulin regulatory elements for the purpose of heterolougous protein expression
and its use in the production of transgenic animals.
Post 60 Comparative study of fetal bovine serum and estrus buffalo serum on in vitro
maturation of oocytes in buffalo
Puri Gopal, Chaudhary S.S., Sharma A.K., Singh V.K., Patel Pankaj, Odedara Arjun
and Siddique R.A.
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present experiment was carried out to assess the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS)
and estrus buffalo serum (EBS) on in vitro maturation rate of oocytes in buffalo. In vitro
maturation rate of oocytes was assessed in 20% fetal bovine serum and 20% estrus
buffalo serum supplemented maturation media. Maturation of oocytes was evaluated on
the basis of cumulus cell expansion and extrusion of polar body after 24 hrs of in vitro
culture in CO2 incubator. The average percentage of in vitro matured oocytes in FBS was
83.09% and EBS was 77.41% respectively. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05)
increase in maturation rate of oocytes in fetal bovine serum than estrus buffalo serum.
Maturation of oocytes was better in FBS as compared to EBS, which may be due to the
effect of growth factors, nutrients and anti-oxidant present in FBS. It has been observed
that the anti-oxidant play important role in the maturation of oocytes as they are the
scavenger of free radicals. It can thus be concluded that FBS may be used instead of EBS
for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes.
Post 61 Effect of heat stress on Matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in dermal
fibroblast of Cattle and Murrah buffalo
Singh A.K., Upadhyay R.C., Singh S.V., Kumar S., Malakar D.
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Skin is the largest body organ that serves as an important environmental interface
providing a protective envelope. Dermal fibroblasts (DF) are the most regular cell
constituent of dermis in animals‟ skin that is crucial for homeostasis. Matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitutes a family of structurally related zinc-dependent
endopeptidases, which are capable of degrading a wide variety of extracellular matrix
components. We tested the hypothesis that heat stress can regulate the gene expression of
MMPs and thus extracellular matrix in DF of cattle and buffaloes. DF from ear pinna of
Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Karan-Fries and Murrah buffaloes heifers (n=10) were collected
and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Gentamicin solution at 37°C in
a humidified atmosphere at 5% CO2 in air. DF was subjected to thermal stress after fifth
passage at 40°C and 44°C for 3 h to measure induction of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2 and
MMP-3) mRNA expression. The results of the present study showed that heat shock
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(40°C and 44°C for 3 h) caused a marked increase in MMPs mRNA expression. MMP-1,
MMP-2 and MMP-3 increased significantly (P<0.01) in the 40°C and 44°C compared to
control (37°C) in all the animals. MMP-1 expression at 40 and 44°C was 4 & 6; 5 & 9; 7
& 15; 10 & 22 fold more in Comparison to 37°C in Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Karan-Fries and
Murrah buffaloes respectively. MMP-2 expression at 40 and 44°C was 2 & 3; 2 & 4; 3 &
5; 2 & 4 fold more in Comparison to 37°C in Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Karan-Fries and
Murrah buffaloes respectively. MMP-3 expression at 40 and 44°C was 3 & 5; 4 & 6; 6 &
12; 5 & 13 fold more in Comparison to 37°C in Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Karan-Fries and
Murrah buffaloes respectively. Increase in MMPs mRNA levels at 40°C and 44°C was
affected by breed × temperature (P<0.0l). The increase in MMPs mRNA expression
caused by a temperature of 44°C was greater than 40°C. MMPs mRNA expression for
Karan-Fries and Murrah buffaloes were more than Tharparkar and Sahiwal. Heat shock
appears to initiate a programme of cellular events resulting in increased MMPs gene
expression and decreases fibrillar collagen synthesis in DF of cattle and buffalo, therefore
heat stress may play a role in the regulating the quantity and quality of extracellular
matrix. In summary, DFs resistance to heat shock differed between breeds and between
species. DFs of Tharparkar and Sahiwal were more heat resistant than Karan-Fries and
Murrah buffaloes. Therefore, it may be concluded that Tharparkar and Sahiwal breeds of
cattle are more adapted to tropical condition than crossbreed Karan-Fries cattle and
Murrah Buffaloes.
Post 62 Effect of COX-2 inhibitor (flunixine meglumine) on conception rate in
buffaloes using ovasynch synchronization protocol
Mishra Sanjay K., Singh Vijay and Saxena Atul
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP.Pt. D.
D. U. Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of cox-2 inhibitor (flunixine
meglumine) on conception rate in estrous synchronized buffaloes under field conditions.
Total twenty eight cyclic buffaloes which were non-exhibiting estrous signs even 90 days
after parturition and of 3-5 lactations, devoid of any reproductive abnormality as well as
infection were randomly divided into two groups comprising twelve buffaloes in each
group(n=12).The selected buffaloes from both the groups were administered injection
GnRH (Receptal) 2.5 ml intramuscularly on day 0 and 9, while injection PGF2α
(Cloprostenol sodium- Cyclix) 500 µg intramuscularly on day 7 (ovasynch
synchronization protocol). The buffaloes were timely inseminated 16-20 hrs after second
GnRH injection. The buffaloes from group II were additionally administered with
injection flunixine meglumine (COX-2 inhibitor) @ 1.1 mg/kg body wt. intramuscularly
on 15th and 16
th day post-insemination. The first service conception rate was 41.66 and
66.66 percent in group I and group II, respectively. From this study it was concluded that
administration of COX-2 inhibitor may improve the conception rate in buffaloes.
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Post 63 Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on egg yolk cholesterol in Jabalpur
colour layer birds
Chauhan S.S., Jain N., Quadri M.A., Shakkarpude Jyotsana and Jain Archana
Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, NDVSU, Jabalpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Diets that have high cholesterol and saturated fats from animal products are known to
contribute to unhealthy plasma lipid levels leading to increased plasma total cholesterol
and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Turmeric, Latin name Curcuma longa of
family Zingiberaceae, a medicinal plant, is extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and
Siddha medicine as home remedy for various diseases. Hypolipidemic effect of turmeric
has been widely used in human beings and rats. However, its use in poultry has not been
extensively studied. The present study was planned to know the effect of turmeric
powder on egg lipid profile of poultry birds. The study was conducted on 30 Jabalpur
colour birds of 32 weeks age. Thirty healthy birds were randomly divided into 5 groups
with 6 birds in each group. One group C was kept as control and other four groups, T1-T4
were kept as treatment groups. Diet of the trial groups was supplemented with turmeric
powder @1.5, 3.0 4.5 and 6g/kg of diet respectively. Ten µl of the egg yolk extract was
taken for the estimation Cholesterol by using diagnostic kit (Erba). The highest reduction
in cholesterol content of egg yolk was recorded in the birds fed with turmeric (35.15%)
on day 56 in group T3 supplemented with 4.5g turmeric pulv/kg feed. Egg yolk
cholesterol showed significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments and highly
significant differences (P<0.01) between days and between days x treatments. Present
study clearly indicated that T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups had lower egg yolk cholesterol than
unsupplemented group.
Post 64 Assessment of performance of lactating cattle through supplementation of
mineral mixture for three months after calving in Mandla district of M.P.
Sharma Pramod, Meshram Vishal and Suryawanshi V. S.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mandla, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In dairy farming, feed alone constitutes about 65-70% of total cost of production. In the
diet of animals, mineral mixture plays a very important role. As Mandla is a tribal district
peoples are unaware and not using mineral mixture in the diet. Hence On Farm Trial
(OFT) has been planned to assess the effect of mineral mixture in lactating cattle on
farmer‟s field. Twelve lactating cattle just after calving has been selected and divided in
two groups considering their body weight, milk yield and parity. After selection they
were dewormed, vaccinated as per standard schedule and fed 30g of mineral mixture for
three months in the experimental group while other group is control group as per ICAR
recommendations. The data obtained during experiment was analyzed and found that
milk yield and body weight was increased significantly (P>0.05) as 31% and 8.5%
respectively in comparison to the control however it doesn‟t have any significant effect in
milk fat percentage. On calculating the economics it was found that the net income from
the experimental groups was 62.00Rs /animal/day as compare to Rs. 47.40/ animal per
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day.From the experiment it was found that use of mineral mixture in lactating cattle
increase milk production, body weight and it is economical also.
Post 65 Impact assessment of dairy related training in empowerment of rural masses
Singh Balwan
Subject Matter Specialist (Animal Science), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jeolikote, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Nainital,
Uttarakhand
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The rural masses in hill of Nainital are into dairy farming besides agriculture. But owing
to geographical location and climate conditions, the contribution of dairy in their total
family income was found limited. The rural masses, comprising mainly the women,
followed the traditional approaches of animal rearing and were opposed to towards other
approaches of animal rearing. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jeolikote made efforts
through imparting training assisted with supply materials and demonstrations on handling
and preparing the materials to enable masses in utilizing local resources for improved
dairy farming. The assessment of impact of these trainings on rural masses revealed that
the respondents showed sufficient tendency towards adoption of technologies which led
to financial empowerment of few families. The adoption rate of various technologies was
assessed in the range 43 percent to 87 percent. The maximum adoption was found for the
technology pertaining to clean milk production as it needed only the space and personnel
management and input required were least. The lowest adoption was found for chopping
of forage owing to non availability of chaff cutter and their inability to purchase one
because of low income level. As regards to income generation, 40 percent respondents
reported enhancement in their monthly income ranging between Rs. 1000-3000 as the
milk yield of their animals improved.
Post 66 Effect of environment on physical and biochemical characteristics related to
thyroidal hormones in Murrah buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) semen.
Singh Balwan
Department of Animal Production Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In the present investigation the effect of environment on seminal attributes viz. semen
volume, mass activity, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration and live sperm
percent along with the estimation of biochemical characteristics like ascorbic, fructose
content and alkaline phosphates. The level of Tri-iodo thyronin (T3) was estimated in
blood plasma. The average values of Tri-iodo thyronin (ng/ml) was 1.24+0.03 and
1.05+0.02 with higher value in winter than summer season. The analysis variance of the
data on Tri-iodo thyronin (T3) showed higher significant (p<0.01) variation between
season. The correlation of the Tri-iodo thyronin (T3) with physical characteristic were
non-significant, no correlation existed between ascorbic acid and alkaline phosphates and
negative correlation was observed with fructose content.
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Post 67 Interaction of thyroxin with semen quality as affected by season in Murrah
buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis)
Singh Balwan
Department of Animal Production Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In the present investigation the effect of season on physical parameters viz. semen
volume, mass activity, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration and live sperm
percent along with the estimation of biochemical parameters like ascorbic, fructose
content, alkaline phosphates and malonaldehyde was investigated. The average
concentration of thyroxine in buffalo bull semen was 64.17±0.45/nl in winter and
46.75±0.34 ng/ml during summer seasons. The results of an oval depicts significant
(P<0.01) deference due to season, bull, collection and their interactions. The correlation
of thyroxin concentration with physical and bio chemical characteristics revealed that
abnormal sperm there are positive correlation of thyroxin (T4) with semen volume,
progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration and live sperm. In case of biochemical
characteristics there are positive correlation with ascorbic acid and alkaline phosphates
and negative correlation with fructose content and malonaldehyde (MDA) production.
Post 68 Changes in physiological responses of Black Bengal bucks (Capra hircus)
under continuous thermal stress
Singh Manav, Mamta, Samad H.A. and Maurya V.P.
Climatology laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
In order to assess the change in physiological parameters due to prolonged heat stress
eight breeding Black Bengal bucks were use to conduct experiment. First these bucks
were kept at comfortable temperature in shed for 70 days (Avg temp. 24.1⁰ C and 30.6%
RH) and same animals were exposed to 42⁰ C temperature and RH 50±1% for a duration
of next 70 days in pshycrometric chamber, (42⁰ C temperature and RH 50±1%).
Thermal exposure was given 6 hrs per day from 9 AM to 3 PM daily. The parameters
were recorded at weekly interval and two times i.e. at 9:00 AM and at 2:30 PM in both
groups. For control group (before exposure) overall means for RT(⁰ C), RR( per min),
PR(per min) and ST(skin temp. ⁰ C) were 37.34±0.19 20.28±0.33 81.68±0.96 and
33.22±0.30 respectively. Same parameters had overall means in treated group were
38.17±0.02, 21.60±0.44, 81.28±1.32 and 36.54±0.14 respectively. This analysis reveals
that RT and ST of morning were significantly (p<0.05) differed in both groups. Higher
RT and ST before exposure in treated group may be attributed to existing heat load of
previous day. Evening or after exposure overall means of RT(⁰ C), RR( per min), PR(per
min) and ST(skin temp. ⁰ C)control group were 38.32±0.25, 24.18±0.22, 90.24±1.19 and
34.79±0.28 and for treated group were 39.75±0.06, 101.35±1.63, 118±0.03 and
39.30±0.24 respectively. Sweating rate was measured by cobalt chloride method as per
Schleger and Turner (1965). The sweating rate were recorded at weekly interval at 2:30
PM in both groups. For control group overall mean for SWR (gm/m2/hr) was 0.00 (nil)
. In thermal stressed group skin sweating started and mean of SWR (gm/m2/hr) was
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242.18±10.27 . Analysis of this data reveals that RT,RR,PR and ST, all were
significantly (p<0.05) higher in thermally exposed group. In order to compensate the
imposed heat load increased RR and PR comes first into play and if heat load is till
persisting than finally RT and ST starts to rise. Sweating rates of both groups were
significantly (p<0.01) different. This reveals that importance of sweating in
thermoregulation of body. Marked rise in sweating rate may be due to development of
new sweat glands on skin due to prolonged continous thermal stress.
Post 69 Serum enzymes, biochemical and electrolyte profiling of native breeding
bucks (Capra hircus)
Mamta, Singh Manav and Maurya V.P.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, IVRI, Izatnagar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was carried out to estimate the various stress marker enzymes,
metabolites and electrolytes level in the serum of breeding native bucks. Experiment was
conducted at comfortable climatic conditions. Eight healthy bucks, donating semen were
selected from animal shed of IVRI. Bucks were of uniform age (2.08±0.09 years) and
weight (22.73±0.41 Kg). These bucks were fed a diet as per standard feeding practices of
IVRI animal shed. Semen was regularly collected twice a week as per standard
techniques. The blood samples were collected in weekly for a period of 8 weeks (56
days). PCV, glucose and Hb were estimated just after collection in heparinised blood
samples and serum was separated by centrifugation of clotted blood and stored at -20⁰ C
till the complete analysis after end of experimental trial. All the serum biochemicals were
estimated by kiys supplied by Span Diagnostics. Obtained data was analysed by SPSS
16.0 software. Serum ALP , AST and ALT values were 18.24±1.75 (KA units),
104.10±5.04 (IU/L) and 50.58±5.60(IU/L) respectively. SOD and AChE activities were
170.57±3.97 (U/ml) and 17134±421.86 (U/L). Triglycerides ,total protein, BUN,
creatinine, glucose and cholesterol were found 121.20±4.16 mg/dl, 4.50±0.12 mg/dl,
20.55±0.60 mg/dl, 2.60±0.04 mg/dl, 59.05±0.60 mg/dl and 56.50±1.82 mg/dl
respectively. PCV and Hb values obtained were 24.71±0.23 % and 13.42±0.11 gm/dl.
Regarding serum minerals and electrolytes, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and
chloride values were 4.99±0.8 mg/dl, 1.86±0.03 mg/dl, 148.21±3.22 mEq/L, 3.36±0.2
mEq/L and 94.76±1.10 mEq/L respectively. The findings of present study could be used
as reference values in assessing health and physiological status of breeding bucks.
Post 70 Seasonal variations in seminal plasma proteins of Bhadawari buffalo
Sharma Lokesh, Pandey Vijay, Nigam Rajesh, Singh Pawanjit, Saxena Atul and Swain
Dilip
Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The study was designed to evaluate the influence of season on seminal plasma protein
profile of buffalo bull semen. Thirty six ejaculates were collected in each season from six
adult Bhadawari buffalo bulls and seminal plasma was harvested by centrifugation and
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analyzed for protein profiling by 1D SDS-PAGE and quantitatively by Gel
documentation system. Electrophoretogram of seminal plasma proteins revealed 20
protein bands in rainy, 23 bands in winter and 25 bands in summer season, illustrates the
significant effect of season on seminal plasma proteins. 18 protein bands were observed
common in semen samples of all three seasons while protein bands of 46, 55, 58, 144 and
160 kDa were found in rainy and summer season. The protein bands of 48 and 60 kDa
were observed only in winter season whereas 184 and 200 kDa were reported in summer
season only. The protein fractions (protein %) of common protein bands observed in
three seasons revealed significant effect of season in protein bands of 24.5, 66, 70, 72, 84
and 86 kDa protein bands. Thus, this study indicates that proteins expression in buffalo
bull seminal plasma varies qualitatively as well as quantitatively in different seasons. The
specific proteins expressed in particular season may be associated with the semen quality
of buffalo bulls and these proteins could be worth as marker protein of semen quality.
Post 71 Haemato-biochemical alterations in cross bred cattle affected clinically with
bovine theilerosis in subtropical himalayan region
Sharma Devina, Katoch Ajay, Agnihotri R.K., Mittra S., Sharma Ankur and Mandial
R.K.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, DGCN College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV,
Palampur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was carried out to investigate the alterations in hematological and biochemical
parameters in cross bred cattle affected with bovine theileriosis in subtropical Himalayan
region. The blood samples presented to the department from Veterinary clinics of cross
bred cows were analysed. The peripheral blood smears of these animals were subjected to
examination for the presence of Theileria annulata schizonts in infected mononuclear
cells and piroplasms in red blood cells. The affected animals showed variable signs and
symptoms of bovine theileriosis i.e. high rise in body temperature, enlarged prescapular
lymph nodes, general debility, weakness, circling movements etc. along with the
presence of ixodid ticks. Significant (P≤0.05) decrease was observed in haemoglobin
concentration in cattle affected with bovine theilerosis while non-significant differences
were observed in total erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume, plasma proteins, bilirubin
and AST values. These observations revealed that Bovine theileriosis caused by T.
annulata in cross bred cattle in subtropical Himalayan region is associated with hemato-
biochemical alterations.
Post 72 Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in pregnant
cow with or without vaginal prolapse Mathura distt, India
Gangwar Chetna, Singh Shankar, Mukesh, Saxena Atul , Kumar Vijay and
Chaudhary Mahander
College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, DUVASU - Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was planned to determine the macro-mineral status (calcium,
phosphorus and magnesium in cow suffering with prepartum vaginal prolapse (n=10) in
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comparison with control (n=10) cow presented on the TVCC, College of Veterinary
Science & Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura from different region of Mathura,
Uttar Pradesh. Serum macro-mineral status was determined by spectrophotometer using
commercially available kits. Mean serum calcium and phosphorus levels were lower in
cow suffering with prepartum vaginal prolapse compared with their healthy counterparts
(P<0.05), while reverse was true for serum magnesium concentration. It may be inferred
that deficiency of calcium and phosphorus and higher levels of magnesium may possibly
be the contributing factors in causing prepartum vaginal prolapse in cow.
Post 73 Postnatal change of hematological parameters of Guinea fowl
Singh S.P., Singh I., Gangwar Chetna and Kumar Prabhakar
Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The change in hematological parameters in growing guinea fowl, 75 guinea fowl of
different age divided in to 10 groups from 1 to 63 day (7 day interval ) were used to
study the hematological parameters for the evaluation of the para specific immunity in
guinea fowl. Total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC), absolute
lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute heterophil count (AHC), absolute monocyte count
(AMC), determination of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte
count (TEC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) concentration were studied. The experimental
findings revealed that TLC, ALC, AHC, Hb, MCV, MCHC and TEC increases and
AMC, MCV decreased with advancement of age and PCV did not show any significant
variation.
Post 74 Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of Tarai buffaloes under different lactation
stages
Begum Rizwana, Huozha R., Rastogi S. K. and Kumar Om
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G.B.
Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Eighteen adult female Tarai Buffaloes were divided into three groups of early, mid and
late lactation stages with six animals in each group. Another group of six non-lactating
and non-pregnant served as physiological control for the sake of comparison. Blood
samples were collected during morning hours in EDTA anticoagulant, RBCs were
centrifuged and washed thrice in 0.5 M phosphate buffer saline and resuspended in PBS.
Twenty microliter of RBC suspension was exposed to graded buffer saline concentrations
(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.75 and 0.9%) in separate test
tubes. Percent hemolysis in each tube was compared spectrophotometrically. Highest
fragility was noticed during early lactation in 0.1% saline concentration with a figure of
96.80 ± 1.63, followed by 94.55± 1.62% during mid lactation, 92.56±0.91% in non-
lactating and 92.16±1.60% during late lactation. Saline concentration causing lysis of
50% of erythrocytes ranged around 0.45 to 0.50% concentrations. Overall observation
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depicted that stage of lactation did not resulted in any appreciable effect on the osmotic
lysis of erythrocytes in Tarai Buffaloes.
Post 75 Estrus induction and conception rate with single and double dose of
PGF2α in Jaffrabadi buffaloes
Ahlawat A.R., Ghodasara S.N., Dutta K.S., Gajbhiye P.U., Murthy K.S. and Savaliya
K.B.
Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The prostaglandin and its synthetic analogue are considered as drug of choice in
reproductive management A total of twenty Jaffrabadi buffaloes with reproductive
disorders were selected from cattle breeding farm, Junagadh. All twenty
buffaloes(Group I) were treated with Single dose of Prostaglandin while animal
which did not respond (Group II) to first injection of Prostaglandin were subjected to
Second injection of Prostaglandin 11 days after first treatment . Five animals(25%)
responded to first dose of PGF2α , while eight animals (53%) responded to second
dose of PGF2α .The mean time required for induction of heat in first and second group
was 70.24 ±1.44 hrs and 56.86 ±1.96. The mean duration of Estrus proper in first group
was 19.18± 0.69 hrs ,while in second group the mean duration was 16.13±0.42 hrs.
The conception rate in the present study was 43.05% for the first group of animals and
49% for the animal that were treated with second dose of PGF2α. In conclusion
administration of PGF2α. at eleven days interval causes faster heat induction and better
conception rate.
Post 76 LH, IGF-1, and EGF stimulate progesterone secretion and survivability in
cultured bubaline luteal cells
Chouhan V.S., Dangi S.S., Singh
G. and Sarkar M.
Physiology & Climatology division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal (24h, 48h and 72h) as well as dose
dependent (5, 10 and 100 ng/ml LH, IGF-1 and EGF) secretion of progesterone (P4) in
cultured luteal cells from different stages and expression of steroidogenic acute
regulatory protein (STARD1), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage
(CYP11A1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B), antiapoptotic gene PCNA,
and proapoptotic gene BAX in luteal cells obtained from mid luteal phase of estrous
cycle in buffalo. Corpus luteum samples from early luteal phase (ELP; day 1st–4
th; n = 4),
mid luteal phase (MLP; day 5th–10
th; n = 4) and late luteal phase (LLP; day 11
th–16
th; n =
4) of estrous cycle were obtained. Progesterone was assayed by RIA, while mRNA
expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results indicated
a dose and time dependent stimulatory effect of each treatment on P4 synthesis and
expression of steroidogenic enzymes and PCNA. In contrast, each of the treatments
inhibited BAX expression in a time and dose dependent manner. In summary, the
present study provides an insight into the regulation of P4 hormone synthesis by LH and
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growth factors during different phases of luteal development in buffalo. The stimulatory
effect of these factors on P4 production is possibly a result of greater expression of
steroidogenic enzymes and promotion of survivability in luteal cells. An understanding of
such regulatory mechanisms may eventually lead to better control of normal or abnormal
(insufficient) CL function.
Post 77 The in vitro effect of osteopontin on sperm capacitation of water buffalo
(Bubalus bubalis) bulls
Kumari Manisha, Kumar Pradeep, Kumar D., Yadav S. P., Balhara A. K. and Yadav P. S.
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Osteopontin is an acidic protein, rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine. It is very
interesting that this multifunctional protein is also found in the male reproductive tract
and associated with fertility.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of
osteopontin (OPN) on in vitro sperm capacitation. Semen from six Murrah bulls was
pooled and washed twice in Modified Tyrode‟s medium (MTM). Sperm (5 x 107/ml)
were incubated (39°C, 5% CO2, 4 h) in the following treatments in MTM: 1) No
treatment; 2) 0.1 μg/ml OPN; 3) 1 μg/ml OPN; 4) 10 μg/ml OPN; 5) 10 μg/ml heparin.
Capacitation was assessed indirectly by estimating the percentage of acrosome
reactedsperm after incubation with lysophosphatidylcholine. The acrosome reacted live
sperm (ARL) were assessed by FITC staining in conjunction with HOS test. Osteopontin
capacitated significantly (P<0.01) more sperm than heparin and control when incubated
at concentrations of 1μg/ml at 2 and 4 hours of incubation, suggesting concentrations of
OPN at 1μg/ml can have positive effects on sperm capacitation. 1μg/ml concentration
showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in ARL of 23.69% compared to the control,
having 12.44% of ARL at 2 hours. In conclusion, OPN enhances sperm viability,
possibly by blocking apoptotic pathways and significantly improve the efficiency of
capacitation in vitro in buffalo species.
Post 78 Vocalization a reflector of developmental stages of dairy animals
Singh Yajuvendra, Sirohi R., Singh D.N. and Yadav Archana
Department of Livestock Production and Management, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Vocal differences within and between the individual animal was used as a basis for
discrimination of calves, heifers and adult individuals of KF cows and Murrah buffaloes
in present investigation. The vocal signals produced from ten individuals of each and
every category were recorded and edited in order to prepare smaller stationary frames of
10 ms from a total of at least 50 vocal signals from each and every individual. MFCCs
were extracted from all the frames of vocal signals and were utilized in preparation of
training and test models for decision making using machine learning algorithm. The
machine learning algorithm with J48 classifier was able to discriminate the calves, heifers
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and adults of KF cows and Murrah buffaloes with an overall rate of discrimination
87.91% and 87.20% respectively. Moreover calves of both the species could be
discriminated with a higher rate of recognition (98.83 and 92.35% respectively) than
those of heifers and adults. The efficiency of the machine learning algorithm for actual
discrimination of calves, heifers and adults of KF cows and Murrah buffaloes was
sufficient enough (k = 81.77% and 80.75% respectively).
Post 79 Effect of prilled Fat on metabolic adjustments in dry matter intake, body
weight, metabolites and milk production performance in Murrah buffaloes
during early lactation
Singh Sukhjinderjit, Sehgal J. P., Singh Mahendra and Rajesh G.
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fifteen lactating Murrah buffaloes were selected immediately after parturition and
divided into three groups of five each. Group I (low yielder) and Group II (high yielder)
buffaloes were offered roughage and concentrate in the ratio 70:30 and were fed as per
standards of Kearl (1982).Group III buffaloes received the same diet + prilled fat @ 75
g/d for first 45 days and @150 g/d till day 120 of lactation. The milk yield of group I and
group II buffaloes were non-significant. Supplementation of prilled fat increased milk
yield significantly@ 1.65 Kg per day per animal in Group III. Dry matter intake of group
III buffaloes was significantly more (p < 0.01) in comparison to group II and group I.
Body weight of the Murrah buffaloes improved due to prilled fat supplementation and
was significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). The body weights declined in all
the groups significantly (p<0.05). In prillled fat supplemented buffaloes (group III) the
rate of decline was slow than the group II buffaloes in spite of high milk yield. Plasma
glucose levels were significantly more in group III than the group I and group II
buffaloes. However NEFA concentration decreased in the prilled fat supplemented
buffaloes. The digestibility coefficient for ether extract was significantly higher in group
III as compared to group I and group II. It was thus concluded that supplementation of
prilled fat helps in postpartum metabolic adjustments and increases milk production in
Murrah buffaloes.
Post 80 Immunological and molecular characterization of buffalo embryonic stem
cells
Balamurugan T. C., Puri Gopal, Ranjan Ravi, Perumal P., Bag Sadhan., Das B.C. and
Majumdar A. C.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was conducted to characterize the totipotent buffalo embryonic stem
cells. Totipotent stem cell colonies were developed by adopting standard in vitro embryo
generation (IVMFC) protocol from buffalo oocytes of slaughter house origin. The results
were evaluated in two maturation regimen, TCM 199 supplemented with either FBS (10
% FBS) or 2 % Extract Egg. Blastomere cells were cultured in Extract Egg‟ based media
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showed higher number of colony formation. Stem cells were derived Extract Egg based
media DMEMEE, CR11EE and FBS based media CR11FBS compared to DMEMFBS.
The totipotent buES cells developed were identified and characterized by stem cell
specific markers. In immunocytochemistry, the buES colonies showed positive for
markers SSEA-1, TRA-1-60, TRA1-80. Real time PCR was done to quantify the
expression of pluripotency factors namely Oct4, Nanog, FoxD3 and Klf4. The relative
expression of all pluripotency factors Oct4, Nanog, FoxD3 and Klf4 were higher in
DMEMEE media. As the colony progressed, there was shifting in the relative expression
of Nanog and FoxD3 and down regulation of Oct4 and Klf4 expression in the subsequent
passages clearly indicated the shifting from totipotency to pluripotency.
Post 81 Evolving a totipotent stem cell marker
Balamurugan T. C., Puri Gopal, Ranjan Ravi, Perumal P., Bag Sadhan., Das B.C. and
Majumdar A. C.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was conducted to evolve a totipotent buffalo embryonic stem cell
marker. Totipotent stem cell colonies were developed by adopting standard in vitro
embryo generation (IVMFC) protocol from buffalo oocytes of slaughter house origin.
The results were evaluated in two maturation regimen, TCM 199 supplemented with
either FBS (10 % FBS) or 2 % Extract Egg. The expression pattern of hexokinase gene in
various developmental stages of oocytes and blastomeres derived from different stages of
embryo was studied using Real Time PCR to exploit it as a totipotent stem cell marker.
Normalized Ct values were considered for statistical analysis. The remarkable observation
was that 8-16 celled embryo derived blastomeres expressed significantly (P < 0.005) lower
concentration of hexokinase compared to all other developmental stages. The dCt values
of hexokinase in IO, MO, 2-4 blast, 8-16 blast , 32 blast and embryo like structures from
pluripotent origin PELS were 4.60 ± 0.02, 3.67 ± 0.04, 2.73 ± 0.08, 1.66 ± 0.05, 7.75 ±
0.11 and 3.96 ± 0.06 respectively. The expression pattern indicated a linear decrease from
immature oocyte to 8-16 blast, then a sharp increase at 32 cell blast followed by a decrease
in PELS. Hence, Hexokinase can be used as a totipotent stem cell marker.
Post 82 Effect of T-2 Toxin (Trichothecenes) on haematological and oxidative stress
parameters in goats
Shivasharanappa N., Sharma A. K., Singh R., Kataria M., Dandpat S., Telong A. G.,
Gupta V. K. and Sharma Nitika
Central Institute of Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
T-2 toxin is a potent mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. which causes extensive
cytotoxicity in animal species. The problem of mycotoxicosis has not been explored
much in goat husbandry. Hence, experimental T-2 toxicosis was induced in goats to study
the haematological indices and oxidative stress parameters. A total of 18 Barbari kids
were divided into 3 groups comprising of 6 animals each. The Group I and Group II
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received 10 ppm and 20 ppm of T-2 toxin mixed concentrate feed respectively. While,
Group III received standard concentrate feed in basal ration. The blood was collected on
day 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 post-feeding for haematology. From each group 3 animals
were sacrificed on day 15 and day 30 to assess the oxidative stress parameters such as
catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in different tissues
such as liver, intestine, kidney, spleen and brain. On day 25, the Haemoglobin (Hb)
concentration was significantly reduced in Group II (4.21±0.03 g/dl) as compared to
Group I (5.32±0.14 g/dl) and control (7.01±0.04 g/dl). The Hb values in group I and II
significantly reduced (P<0.05) (5.01±0.03, 4.06±0.01) as compared to the control
(6.98±0.08) on day 30. Similarly, Group I and II showed significantly (P<0.05) lower
Total leucocyte count (TLC) values on day 25 and 30 as compared to the control. In
Group I and II, significant reduction (P<0.05) in TLC was noticed on day 30 when
compared to day 5 values. There was time and dose dependent reduction in Hb, TLC,
lymphocytes and platelets in the toxin treated groups. Hence, T- 2 toxin induced anemia,
leucocytopenia, lymphocytopaenia and thrombocytopenia in goats. Significant (p<0.05)
increase in catalase, SOD and LPO levels in tissues were recorded on day 30 in both the
toxin treated groups, indicating oxidative stress induced tissue injury. We conclude that
like other laboratory animals, free radical mediated tissue damage occurs in goats fed
with T-2 toxin.
Post 83 A study to evaluate effect of cryoprocessing on percent abnormal
spermatozoa in Barbari buck semen
Baghel G., Yadav S., Anand M., Yadav B., Madan A. K., and Kumar J.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different stages of semen
processing on percent abnormal spermatozoa in Barbari goat. Five normal, healthy adult
Barbari bucks aged between 2- 4 years, weighing 25-35 kg reared at the experimental
goat shed of Department of Physiology, DUVASU, Mathura (U.P.) were used as
experimental animals. Semen was collected twice a week using artificial vagina
(length=20cm and diameter=4.5cm). The semen collected from all the five bucks was
evaluated and later pooled. The collected semen after evaluated was subjected to process
of cryopreservation. Percent abnormal spermatozoa were evaluated at each step during
cryprocessing. The mean ± S.E for percent abnormal sperms in the neat semen was 4.07±
0.19 which during the initial step of cryopreservation i.e., dilution increased significantly
(P< 0.01) to 5.64± 14. After equilibration the proportion of percent abnormal sperms
showed a significant increase (P< 0.01) with value of 6.59±0.14. The samples were than
subjected to cryopreservation and later analyzed after thawing for percent abnormal
sperms. The observed mean ±S.E values after thawing was found to be 8.48±0.21. A
significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed in percent abnormal spermatozoa during
all the four different steps involved in semen cryopreservation indicating profound effect
of cryopreservative processes in deteriorating the semen quality.
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Post 84 Changes in biometrics of uteri and foetuses during gestation in ewe
Anitha A. and Thangavel A.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute,
Orathanadu.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Studies on prenatal development of farm animals are useful to evaluate the normal
variations in the development of embryos or foetuses in utero. For this a study was
conducted in sixty gravid sheep uteri. Biometrics of the uteri and foetuses were measured
and recorded. The four stages of gestation, viz. stage I (30 to 60 days), stage II (61 to 90
days), stage III (91 to 120 days) and stage IV (121 days to term) were identified based on
the crown anus length of the embryo or fetus. The study revealed that length and width of
the gravid uterus, volume of amniotic and allantoic fluids, weight of the foetus and crown
– anus length of the foetus showed a significant (P<0.01) and progressive increase with
the advancement of gestation. The number of cotyledons, diameter of the largest
cotyledon and weight of the placenta increased progressively in the course of gestation.
In conclusion Various biometrics like length and width of the gravid uterus, volume of
amniotic and allantoic fluids, weight of the foetus, crown – anus length of the foetus,
number of cotyledon, diameter of the largest cotyledon and weight of placenta increased
progressively with the advancement of gestation.
Post 85 Biochemical profile of ovine foetal fluids
Anitha A. and Thangavel A.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute,
Orathanadu.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Foetal fluids are important in the efficient handling of foetal waste products and in
preventing mechanical shock to the developing foetus during entire gestation. The
knowledge regarding changes in foetal fluids is important for diagnosis and treatment of
various disorders. For this a study was conducted in sixty gravid sheep uteri. The four
stages of gestation, viz. stage I (30 to 60 days), stage II (61 to 90 days), stage III (91 to
120 days) and stage IV (121 days to term) were identified based on the crown anus length
of the embryo or fetus. The amniotic and allantoic fluids collected from the gravid uteri
were subjected to investigation for biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, urea
and creatinine), activities of enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate
aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), and the concentrations of electrolytes
(sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus). The levels of glucose, total
protein, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST and sodium increased, while those of ALP, calcium
and phosphorus fell in the amniotic fluid with gestation. The concentrations of potassium
and chloride increased and decreased in the former and latter halves of gestation
respectively. The concentrations of glucose, total protein, ALT and potassium increased
with pregnancy in the allantoic fluid, while those of urea, creatinine, AST, ALP and
sodium decreased. The levels of phosphorus increased up to the third stage; followed by a
decline near term. The allantoic fluid had significantly higher concentrations of total
protein, creatinine and calcium in all the four stages of gestation than the amniotic fluid.
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Similar observation was made in the glucose, urea, ALT, and potassium levels of three
stages and AST activity in two stages of gestation.
Post 86 A study to evaluate change in semen quality of Barbari buck during
sequential steps involved in semen cryopreservation
Baghel G., Yadav S., Yadav B., Madan A. K., Anand M., and Kumar J.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the semen quality of Barbari buck
subjected to process of cryopreservation. Five normal, healthy adult Barbari bucks aged
between 2- 4 years, weighing 25-35 kg reared at the experimental goat sheds of
Department of Physiology, DUVASU, Mathura (U.P.) were used as experimental
animals. The investigation was carried out in the Hi-Tech laboratory of Department of
Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh.
Parameters evaluated were percent live sperms, percent intact acrosome and HOST. It
was observed that the mean (±S.E.) values of per cent live spermatozoa in neat semen,
just after dilution, after equilibration and in frozen thawed semen were 85.67±0.40,
82.00±0.51, 74.77±0.67 and 49.47±1.07 respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.01)
was observed in percent live spermatozoa during different stages of cryoprocessing. The
mean (±S.E.) values of percent intact acrosome in neat semen, just after dilution, after
equilibration and in frozen thawed semen were 90.67±0.46, 84.38±0.20, 73.62±0.24 and
58.49±0.65 respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed in per cent
intact acrosome spermatozoa during different stages of cryoprocessing and the mean
(±S.E.) values of per cent HOST positive spermatozoa were 82.93±0.39, 70.01±0.45,
64.39±0.46 and 46.79±0.67 respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed
in per cent HOST positive spermatozoa during different stages of cryoprocessing. A
decreasing trend was observed in the different subsequent steps during semen
cryopreservationindicating a negative effect of low temperature exposure on semen
quality.
Post 87 Capacitation like changes in cryopreserved Barbari buck semen centrifuged
and diluted with semen extender containing 20% egg yolk
Baghel G., Yadav S., Anand M., Kumar J. and Yadav B.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The current investigation aimed to elucidate the role centrifugation and high
concentration of egg yolk on capacitation status of spermatozoa in Barbari buck. The
study was conducted on 5 Barbari bucks aged between 2.0 to 4.0 years, weighing
between 25-35 kg, reared at the experimental goat sheds of Department of Physiology,
DUVASU, Mathura (U.P.). The semen samples were collected twice a week from each
buck using artificial vagina. Collected sample were pooled and immediately evaluated for
seminal attributes and cryopreserved. Later cryopreserved semen samples were analyzed
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for capacitation like changes using chlortetracycline (CTC) staining technique, at
different steps involved in semen cryopreservation. Three different patterns for sperms
were evaluated during the experiment viz Pattern F, Pattern B and Pattern AR. The
observed mean (±S.E.) values of spermatozoa showing CTC pattern F in frozen thawed
semen in 20% egg yolk with centrifugation was 26.37±0.75 per cent, spermatozoa
showing CTC pattern B in frozen thawed semen in was 51.83±0.86 per cent and the
spermatozoa showing CTC pattern AR in frozen thawed semen with 20% egg yolk with
centrifugation was 21.80±0.30 per cent respectively. A significant difference was
observed in all the three patterns with highest values observed sperms exhibiting pattern
B followed by Pattern F and Pattern AR.
Post 88 Seminal attributes of freshly ejaculated neat semen of Bhadawari bulls
reared for breeding
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Anand M., Yadav S., Kumar J. and Yadav B.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was conducted on four Bhadawari buffalo bulls aged between 3-6
years and weighing between 300-450 kg body weight, reared at the Instructional
Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC), DUVASU Mathura. Semen samples were collected
from four bulls twice a week and a total of 32 collections (8 collections per bull) were
utilized in the study. Semen was collected directly into a clean dry graduated centrifuge
tube attached to the latex cone of AV. Immediately after collection, tube containing
semen were marked and placed in the water bath at 37°C which were later analyzed for
different seminal attributes. The mean ± S.E. values of ejaculated volume in Bhadawari
bull ranged between 2.34 ± 0.07 to 2.90 ± 0.30 with average of 2.62 ± 0.10, pH ranged
from 6.94 ± 0.04 to 7.04 ± 0.06 with average of 6.98 ± 0.03, mass motilityranged
between 3.06± 0.06 to 3.25± 0.09 with average of 3.13± 0.04, abnormal sperms varied
from 5.38 ± 0.32 to 5.88 ± 0.40 with average of 5.56 ± 0.22, sperm concentration in
freshly ejaculated semen ranged from 1806.25 ± 68.20 to 1936.88 ± 35.08 with an
average of 1893.13 ± 24.42 while the number of live sperms in the fresh ejaculated
semen sample ranged from 89.50 ± 0.57 to 90.75 ± 0.75 with average of 89.84 ± 0.36.
The values obtained during the experiment gives information regarding the average
values for different seminal attributes analyzed to access the semen quality in Bhadawari
bulls.
Post 89 Effect of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and their combination on quality of
cryopreserved semen.
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Yadav S., Kumar J., Yadav B. and Anand M.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E, Vitamin C and combination
of vitamin E+C on standard semen parameters i.e. motility, percent live sperms and
percent abnormal sperm of Bhadawari bull semen after the freeze–thawing process.
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Ejaculates collected from four Bhadawari bulls were evaluated, pooled and placed in
water bath at 37 °C. Semen samples were divided into four equal fractionsandeach
sample was diluted with a Tris-based extender containing the antioxidants vitamin E (5
mM) and vitamin C (5 mM), and an Vitamin E+C combination (13%), and an extender
containing no antioxidants (control). The diluted samples were cooled to 5 °C and frozen
in 0.25 ml French straws in liquid nitrogen. Frozen straws were thawed individually at 37
°C for 20 s in a water bath for evaluation. The observed mean (±S.E.) of progressive
motility was 53.22±0.81, percent live sperms was 70.13±0.37 and percent abnormal
sperm was 7.75±0.17 percent after post thaw semen evaluation in control group while
seminal parameters in sample supplemented with Vitamin E, vitamin C, Vitamin E+C
were 59.72±0.87, 56.75±0.75 and 64.19±0.77 percent for progressive motility,
72.97±0.41, 71.25±0.46 and 75.31±0.42 percent live sperms and 6.22±0.11, 6.84±0.12
and 5.63±0.13 percent abnormal sperms. Semen extender supplementation with vitamin
E (5 mM) and vitamin C (5 mM), and an Vitamin E+C combination (13%) showed
significant (P < 0.05) increases in seminal attributes evaluated while significant (P <
0.05) decreases was observed in total abnormality rates with best results observed with
vitamin E+C combination (13%) followed by Vitamin E and Vitamin C supplemented
alone in semen extender when compared to the control group, indicating that the
supplementation of antioxidant in form of vitamin and their combination improves the
quality of post thaw semen with best results observed with vitamin E+C combination
(13%).
Post 90 A study to evaluate the change in the percent abnormal spermatozoa during
different steps involved in cryopreservation
Kumar P., Madan A. K., Anand M., Yadav B., and Saxena Atul
Department of Veterinary Physiology, COVS and AH, DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Present study was conducted on four Bhadawari buffalo bulls aged between 3-6 years and
weighing between 300-450 kg body weight, reared at the Instructional Livestock Farm
Complex (ILFC), DUVASU Mathura. Semen samples were collected from four bulls
twice a week and a total of 32 collections (8 collections per bull) were utilized in this
study. Semen was collected directly into a clean dry graduated centrifuge tube attached to
the latex cone of AV. Immediately after collection semen samples were pooled, tube
containing semen were marked and placed in the water bath at 37°C which were later
analyzed for percent abnormal spermatozoa during different stage of cryopreservation
i.e., after dilution, at equilibration and after thawing.The observed mean (±S.E.) of total
sperm abnormalities in polled semen were 4.91±0.14 percent just after dilution,
5.03±0.18 percent after equilibration and 7.75±0.17 percent after post thaw semen
evaluation indicating a increase in the total abnormal sperm concentration with highest
values observed after thawing and lowest at dilution during different step involved in
process of cryopreservation.
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Post 91 Study of hematological changes in cases of Theileriosis in cattle
Kumar Vijay, Singh D. K., Pathak S., Singh Uttam, Singh Renu and Chaudhary M.K.
Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU,
Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Theileriosis is an important disease of cattle in India is characterized by high rise in
temperature, anaemia and swelling of lymph nodes. Theileriosis was diagnosed by
observation of parasites in the peripheral blood and presence of Schizonts in lymph
nodes. The parasite remains in two forms, Erythrocytic and Schizonts (Koch‟s blue
bodies) forms. The case report presented here describes the changes in hematological
parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC,& PCV were investigated in 10 adult cattle suffering from
theileriosis, presented to TVCC, Veterinary University, Mathura. The age of all animals
used in this study ranged from 2.5-6 years. There significantly deceases in the mean
values of Hb.TEC, TLC and PCV in infected animals. The present study showed that
Theileria infection in cattle is associated with hematological changes.
Post 92 Evaluation of nutritional status of Indian water buffaloes with subclinical
mastitis
Singh Krishna Veer, Singh Shanker K., Srivastava Mukesh, Srivastava Ashish and
Tripathi Arvind
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU,
Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Subclinical mastitis, a main form of mastitis in modern dairy herds, is one of the major
setbacks for the dairy industry. The nutritional status of dairy animals is implicated in
development of subclinical mastitis. Thus, the present study was intended to evaluate the
alterations in nutritional status of buffaloes affected with subclinical mastitis. A total of
fifty Indian water buffaloes affected with subclinical mastitis were used. Another twenty
clinically healthy devoid of subclinical mastitis were used as healthy control. Assays of
nutritional panels of buffaloes with SCM revealed significantly (P ≤ 0.01) lower level of
Glucose, Cholesterol, Total Protein, Globulin, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus in
comparison with the healthy controls. While, the level of urea was significantly higher (P
≤ 0.01). There were no significant alteration were found in levels of Triglycerides and
Albumin.
Post 93 Hematological changes in Rats caused by Cypermethrin induced toxicity
Singh Renu, Singh Uttam, Gangwar Neeraj, Yadav Raghvender and Srivastava A.K.
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used to control many pests, including
moth pests of cotton, fruit and vegetable crops. There are always problems of public
health significance associated with its residues. Sub acute toxicity is also an issue related
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grain storage. Keeping these in view, experiment was conducted in rats by oral
administration of Cypermethrin @ dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight and to elucidate
effect of toxicity. The rats were kept in smooth impervious poly-propylene cages
thoroughly cleaned with antiseptic, housed in laboratory animal house of department.
Lighting (12 hours light and 12 hour darkness), ventilation, temperature (21±2OC),
relative humidity (50±10 %) and hygienic conditions were maintained throughout the
experiment. Rats (Mean weight 60 g, n=10) randomly divided into two groups. Group-I
was given plane water and feed to act as control while, Group-II was administered
commercially available Cypermethrin daily for 30 days by oral route. Blood samples
were collected after every fortnight and hematological analysis was done by routinue
methods. Observations revealed significant decrease in values of Hb, PCV, and TEC in
group-II in comparison to control group. Decrease in feed consumption was also
observed. The possible reason could be systemic effect of cypermethrin. Present study
revealed that toxicity of cypermethrin is associated with decrease in body weight and
changes in haematological parameter.
Post 94 Estrus induction in bitch using prolactin inhibitor -Cabergoline (Camforte)
Patel Akhil, Yadav Sanjay Singh, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant, Sachan Vikas,
Sonker Vipin, Kumar Brijesh, Kumar Anuj and Saxena Atul
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A 4-year old Labrador bitch was presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex,
DUVASU Mathura, with history of anestrus & having normal body condition & appetite.
Abdominal palpation revealed normal genitalia. Ultrasonographic examination of uterus
revealed hypoechoic regions indicating small amount of fluid in uterus. Exfoliative
vaginal cytology further confirmed bitch in anestrus. The bitch was treated with
Cabergoline (Prolactin inhibitor), trade name Camforte, at dose rate of 5 µg/kg body
weight orally daily for one week. On 11th day the bitch exhibited proestrus bleeding. No
side effects were observed during the course of treatment. Exfoliative vaginal cytology
was performed as per standard procedure with Giemsa‟s stain from 4th day of proestrus to
determine optimum breeding time. The cytology was repeated at 2 day interval till 90%
of exfoliated cells get cornified. Vaginal cytology on 12th day of proestrus, revealed more
than 90% of superficial cornified cells and owner was advised for mating.
Post 95 Medicinal treatment of pyometra in bitch using Cabergoline (prolactin
inhibitor): A case report
Yadav Dushyant, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Sanjay Singh, Patel Akhil, Sachan Vikas,
Sonker Vipin, Kumar Anuj and Saxena Atul
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A non descript bitch of 5 ½ year age (case no. 1629) weighing 16 kg was presented to
TVCC, DUVASU, Mathura with history of pus like discharge from vagina since one
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week with reduced feed intake. The animal had a past history of similar condition 6
months ago and was subsequently treated with antibiotics, however, condition has
reoccurred. Clinical examination revealed dull and depressed animal with a rectal
temperature of 102 0F, pale mucus membrane and open cervix with foul smelling greyish
yellow discharge. On USG examination uterine lumen was found distended with
presence of anechoic honey comb like image. Blood examination revealed neutrophil
(79%), lymphocyte (16%), monocyte (3%), eosinophil (2%) and nil basophil. The case
was diagnosed as open pyometra. Animal was treated with Tab. Cabergoline @ 5 mcg/
kg BW for 7 days, Inj. and a 4 days treatment with Ceftriazone 500mg I/V and 500 mg
intrauterine, Ringer‟s Lactate 200 ml I/V, Inj Neohepatex 0.5 ml I/M , Inj Avil 1 ml I/M.
Animal was kept under observation and examined continuously for 7-8 days. There was
a decrease in uterine lumen and decrease in vaginal pus. Animal become alert & active,
starts eating, USG examination after 8 days revealed no anechoic images with normal
size of uterus. Animal recovered uneventfully after treatment.
Post 96 Effect of egg yolk concentrations on membrane integrity of cryopreserved
Hariana bull semen extended in Tris based extender
Sachan Vikas, Saxena Atul, Mishra Sanjay, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant and
Kumar Anuj
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Egg yolk is an important constituent of extender having protective action in preservation
of semen due to the phospholipids (lecithin) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Egg
yolk has been shown to increase the sperm fertilizing ability when present in extenders
for semen storage at ambient temperature and appears to prevent sperm cell damage
during cooling and freezing. Various combinations of egg yolk (different concentration)
with glycerol show different effects on seminal attributes. The present study was done
with the objective to observe the effect of egg yolk concentration on the sperm membrane
integrity of Hariana bull semen cryopreserved in TRIS based extender. Semen from four
Hariana bulls collected biweekly using standard procedure were diluted with GEYT
having 7% glycerol with 12%, 16% and 20% egg yolk separately keeping concentration
100 millions sperms / ml. Diluted semen was filled in straws, equilibrated for 5 hrs. at
50C, cryopreserved in LN2 vapours taking 7.25 minutes using biological freezer and
finally stored in liquid nitrogen container. Thawing was done after 24 hr of storage in
LN2 using thawing unit (IMV France) maintained at 370C and with a holding time of 45
sec. Sperm HOS test was performed according to Correa and Zavos (1994) by using
Hypotonic solution (150 mOsml/L) of fructose and sodium citrate. The result revealed a
highly significant (P<0.01) difference in HOS positive spermatozoa at the different
concentration of egg yolk. Further, the significant (P<0.01) difference was found in all
the stages (after dilution and equilibration) of freezing and thawing. The mean (n=32)
HOS positive spermatozoa in 12% egg yolk following dilution was 76.94±0.93 percent
whereas the respective values for 16% and 20% egg yolk concentration were 80.59±0.89
and 82.59±0.66 percent which differed significantly with 12%. After equilibration the
HOS positive spermatozoa in 12% egg yolk was 71.94±0.79 percent whereas the
respective values in 16% and 20% egg yolk extender were 76.66±0.82 and 78.50±0.71
percent which differed significantly with 12% concentration. After thawing the HOS
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positive spermatozoa in 12% egg yolk was 63.91±0.91 percent whereas the respective
values in 16% and 20% egg yolk extender were 67.94±0.91 and 70.03±0.80 percent
which differed significantly with 12% concentration. It was concluded with the study that
a 7% glycerol with 16% or 20% egg yolk combination provided maximum cryoprotective
effect as indicated with HOS study for cryopreserving Hariana bull semen.
Post 97 Effect of glycerol concentrations on acrosomal integrity of cryopreserved
Hariana bull semen extended in Tris based extender
Sachan Vikas, Saxena Atul, Mishra Sanjay, Patel Akhil, Yadav Sanjay S. and Singh
Vijay
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Generally sperm cryopreservation extenders include a non permeating cryoprotectant
(milk or egg yolk) and penetrating cryoprotectant (glycerol, ethylene glycol, or dimethyl
sulfoxide). Penetrating cryoprotectants cause membrane lipid and protein rearrangement,
resulting in increased membrane fluidity, greater dehydration at lower temperatures,
reduced intracellular ice formation, and increased survival to cryopreservation. Glycerol
remains to be one of the most favored CPA. Freeze/thaw stresses and damages during
cryopreservation can be greatly reduced by the use of glycerol The specific concentration
levels of glycerol are species specific, but the extent of the damage varies according to
the species and depends on its concentration in the extender solution. The present study
was designed with the objective of determining the effect of glycerol concentrations on
the sperm acrosomal integrity of Hariana bull semen cryopreserved in TRIS based
extender. Semen from four Hariana bulls collected biweekly using standard procedure
were diluted with GEYT having 20% egg yolk with 5% and 7% glycerol separately
keeping concentration 100 millions sperms / ml. Diluted semen was filled in straws,
equilibrated for 5 hrs. at 50C, cryopreserved in LN2 vapours taking 7.25 minutes using
biological freezer and finally stored in liquid nitrogen container. Thawing was done after
24 hr of storage in LN2 using thawing unit (IMV France) maintained at 370C and with a
holding time of 45 sec. Spermatozoa acrosomal integrity was performed with giemsa
staining as described by Hancock (1952). The observations revealed a highly significant
(P<0.01) difference in the percentage of intact acrosome in the two concentrations of
glycerol used. The significant difference (P<0.01) was also observed between the
different stages (after dilution and equilibration) of cryoprservation and thawing. The
mean percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome in 5% glycerol was 78.50±0.86
percent following dilution of semen while the respective value for 7% was 84.34±0.67
percent. After equilibration the value in 5% glycerol was 73.53±0.84 whereas the
respective value in 7% was 80.16±0.66 percent. After thawing the intact acrosome in 5%
glycerol was 64.47±0.95 whereas the respective value in 7% was 71.56±0.80 percent.
These observation shows that the percent spermatozoa with intact acrosome will be better
preserved when Hariana bull semen is diluted in 7% glycerol with an egg yolk
concentration of 20%.
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Post 98 Seminal characteristics of Hariana bulls
Sachan Vikas, Saxena Atul, Mishra Sanjay, Yadav Dushyant and Yadav Sanjay S.
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Hariana breed is a known dual purposes breed in northern India and was a major source
of draught animal power. Hariana cattle also showed a good place for different
productive and reproductive performances amongst different indigenous zebu breeds
(Dalal et al., 2002). Uttar Pradesh has maximum number of Hariana cattle than any other
breed. There are total 509780 male Hariana cattle and 545038 female Hariana cattle in
Uttar Pradesh. Mathura region has 2201 male Hariana cattle and 8497 female Hariana
cattle (18th livestock Census, India; Uttar Pradesh Census). Keeping in view of the
increasing cost and depleting source of petroleum products being used in agriculture
sector, there is need for conservation of good performing indigenous cattle breeds like
Hariana cattle. Sperm cryopreservation is a suitable technique for all the domestic
animals for ex-situ conservation. The neat semen quality directly reflects the ability of
the sperms to be cryopreserved which will further add in conservation and expansion of
this cattle breed. The present study was done with the objective of comparing the
different seminal attributes in the neat semen of four different bulls. For this purpose,
four Hariana bulls aged between 4.5 to 5.5 years and 450 to 500 kg body weight managed
under proper farm condition were used as semen donors, Semen was collected at
biweekly interval using artificial vagina. The ejaculated semen was immediate kept in a
water bath maintained at 35oC and was subsequently evaluated for different seminal
attributes. The mean semen volume of four bulls ranges between 3-7.9 ml with the
overall mean as 5.38±0.25 ml , pH between 6.7-7.0 with the overall mean as 6.86±0.01,
mass motility between 3-4.5 with the overall mean 3.48±0.08, concentration between
820-2600 million/ml with overall mean of 1346.88±72.11 millions/ml , percentage of live
sperm between 70-94 with the overall mean of 88.34±0.82 percent, progressively motile
sperm between 70-85 with the overall mean of 78.25±0.56 percent. Except for semen
volume and percent live spermatozoa which were found significant (P<0.01) amongst
differed bull all other parameter were found non-significant.
Post 99 Water splashing and roof thatching for heat stress management
Sirohi R., Singh D.N., Singh Yajuvendra and Yadav R.S.
Department of Livestock Production and Management, CCSHAU, Hisar
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The thermal stress has effect on normal physiological parameters viz. respiration rate and
rectal temperature of animals. This is also reflected in growth of animals. The practice of
water splashing on animal and thatching asbestos roof with fodder residue is an old
practice in villages. To scientifically verify the quantum of effect and cost effectiveness
of these practices an experiment was conducted whereby water splashing twice a day and
thatching the asbestos roof with forage residue was performed in two groups of buffalo
heifers maintained at Animal Farm of COAS, CCSHAU, Hisar. Simultaneously, rectal
temperature and respiration rate was recorded during morning and evening daily for 100
days spanning from April to July encompassing hot-dry and Hot-humid conditions
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prevalent in north-western India. The mean morning rectal temperature and the mean
morning respiration rate are not affected by the treatment. However, during hot summers
the mean evening rectal temperature and the mean evening respiration rate was
significantly affected by the treatment. The total cost of raising a heifer for 100 days was
estimated as Rs 2447.80 in treatment group and Rs 2330.00 in control group, however,
the cost per Kg body weight gain is significantly less in the treatment group.
Post 100 Management of follicular cyst in buffaloes using CIDR
Yadav Sanjay Singh, Patel Akhil, Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant, Sachan Vikas
and Saxena Atul
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
One graded Murrah & two non-descript buffaloes were presented to Teaching Veterinary
Clinical Complex, DUVASU, Mathura at different time. All three had history of frequent
short irregular heat, and one Murrah buffalo showed relaxation of sacrosciatic ligament.
Per rectal examination of these buffalo revealed enlarged tennis ball like ovaries with
fluid filled fluctuating structures. The animals were rechecked after an interval varying
from 11-13 days and rectal examination at this stage revealed more or less similar
condition of ovaries as has been observed in the earlier examination. Ultrasonographic
examination revealed thin walled multiple fluid filled (anechoic) structures having a size
varying between 19 mm to 28 mm in diameter indicating presence of cyst. These
buffaloes were treated using controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR-a progesterone
implant) implant into the vagina and placed intravaginally for 14 days. After 14 days
CIDR was removed and USG was carried out. USG examination revealed presence of
follicular wave and appearance of dominant follicle of the size between 11 to 13 mm.
The animals were subsequently reported in estrus and were inseminated.
Post 101 Successful medicinal treatment of pyometra using cabergoline and PGF2Α
: A case report
Kumar Abhishek, Yadav Dushyant, Yadav Sanjay Singh, Patel Akhil and Saxena Atul
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,
DUVASU, Mathura
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A non descript, non pregnant bitch of 8 year age (case no. 5465) was presented to
T.V.C.C. DUVASU Mathura with history of inappetance to anorexia, vomition and pus
like discharge since 5 days . Further details revealed that animal had history of blood
discharge from vagina 15 days back followed by an abnormal vaginal discharge. Clinical
examination revealed animal in dull and depressed condition having rectal temperature
101.60F, heart rate 135/min., polypnea with pale mucus membrane and open cervix.
USG examination revealed an increased uterine lumen with anechoic honey comb like
images. Lab test reviles serum creatinin level 1.94 mcg/dl with normal SGOT, SGPT.
The case is diagnosed as open pyometra. Animal was subsequently treated with Tab.
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Cabergoline @ 5 mcg/ kg BW for 9 days, Inj. Cloprostenal @ 5 mcg/ kg BW i/m on
alternate day for 4 days, Inj. Betamethasone 0.5 ml on alternate day, Liq. Povidine iodine
& meteronidazole (INNODINE I.U) I.U. , days, Inj. Dextrose 25% I/V, Inj. Ringer‟s
Lactate 200 ml I/V, for 6 days Inj. Inj. Ceftriazone 500mg I/V for 9 Renitadine 0.5 mg/
kg BW, Inj. Vit. B complex(polybion) 0.5 ml I/M, Inj. Ferrus sulphare (feritas) 0.5 ml
I/M for 7 days. Animal was examined on 9th day there was no evidence of any discharge
from vagina, animal was alert & active, had starts eating. USG carried out on 9th day
revealed a clear uterine lumen without any anechoic images. Animal was recovered
uneventfully after 9 days of treatment.
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PFWP 01 Efficacy of dietary phytoestrogens, feed restriction and their interaction on
reproductive parameters of broiler pullets
Madnurkar A.D., Shinde A.S., Chouhan L., Mohan J. and Moudgal R.P.
Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
___________________________________________________________________________________________
An attempt was conducted to study the impact of phytoestrogen (dietary30ppm), feed
restrictions (75% of their control ad lib) and their interaction on reproductive parameters in
high and low body weight broiler breeder hens (19-25 wks and 25-30 wks). The gross
change in reproductive organs weight (ovary without yellow follicles and oviduct), no. of
yellow follicles (YFs), no. of yellow atretic follicles, presence of internal ovulation, presence
of abnormal hierarchy was recorded in respective groups. All these parameters were
compared to the untreated control. Phytoestrogen, feed restriction and their interaction
reduced the ovary weight significantly (P<0.05) in high body weight birds but in low body
weight birds, only feed restriction caused a significant drop. Feed restriction in low body
weight birds significantly (P<0.05) reduced the oviduct weight but a reverse trend with
phytoestrogen treatment was noted. Phytoestrogen, feed restriction and their interaction
significantly (P<0.05) reduced the no. of yellow follicles in both high and low body weight
birds. Phytoestrogen reduced internal ovulation in high body weight birds. Phytoestrogen,
feed restriction and their interaction reduced abnormal hierarchy in both high and low body
weight birds. Feed restriction reduced double yolk eggs during 19-25 wks but no sustained
effect was observed during 25-30 wks. Interaction between phytoestrogen and feed
restriction did not give any additional remunerative advantage. It is concluded that
phytoestrogens and limited feed restriction likely to improve reproductive efficiency around
age of sexual maturity by overcoming the reproductive anomalies and modulating the
ovarian and oviduct maturation favourably in broiler breeder hen.
PFWP 02 Antioxidant enzyme status in broiler chicks: Role of dietary supplementation of
Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum and Selenium
Leela V., Varaprasad Reddy L. S. S, Suganya G., Loganathasamy K. and Devaraj C.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
___________________________________________________________________________________________
An experiment was conducted in broiler chicken to evaluate the effect of dietary
supplementation of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum and selenium on antioxidative
enzyme levels. Total of forty two broiler chicks of day old divided into six groups of 7 each
were used for this study. O. sanctum leaf powder (0.5%), O. basilicum leaf powder (0.5%)
and organic selenium (0.3 ppm) and their combinations were added to the basal diet.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase levels in
plasma were measured at the end of 3rd
and 6th week of age. Dietary supplementation of
selenium itself significantly (p<0.01) increased GSH-px activity and supplementation of
both Ocimum species significantly increased SOD and catalase levels. However, O.
basilicum and O. sanctum in combination with selenium effectively enhanced the levels of
SOD, GSH-px and catalase. Between O. basilicum and O. sanctum with combination of
selenium no significant variations in antioxidant levels were seen. Both the plant sources
showed similar potency in scavenging free radicals. It is concluded that dietary
supplementation of O. sanctum or basilicum at 0.5% level and its combination with
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selenium (0.3ppm) can combat oxidative stress in broilers, by enhancing antioxidative
enzyme levels.
PFWP 03 Examine fertility in fertile period in Kadaknath chicken using different semen
extenders
Shinde A.S., Mohan J., Singh R.P., Chouhan L. and Sastry KVH
Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The attempts have been made to examine fertile period in kadaknath chicken (Desi hens)
using fresh Vs preserved semen. For this study 60 female and 30 male birds from this breed
were taken. Standard procedures were used for semen collection, dilution, artificial
insemination and fertility examination. The fertile period of fresh (0), 6 and 24hr stored
semen (at 3-50C) in all diluents (normal saline, CARI semen diluent, BPSE, and Lake‟s
semen diluents) was determined in 60 healthy hens from each breed using A.I. technique.
Artificial insemination with freshly ejaculated semen (0 hr) indicated that fertilizing ability
of spermatozoa in fertile period was reduced gradually and significantly (P<0.05) with the
increase of duration after A.I. (from 2-12 days) irrespective of the diluents. Similarly a
gradual reduction in fertility along with enhancement of fertile period was examined at 6 and
24 hr stored kadaknath as well as broiler chicken semen. Fertility in fertile period was found
very poor in the semen stored and diluted with normal saline for 6 hrs, whereas in the same
diluent, no fertility after 24 hrs storage of semen. A fertility curves were drawn for a
population of hens based on the daily number of fertile eggs produced after one insemination
to each female which indicated fertility in fertile period. At all the semen storage period (0, 6
and 24 hrs), CARI semen diluent exhibited numerically higher fertility in fertile period than
other diluent. This suggests that the ingredient of CARI diluent is comparatively more
suitable to the survival of spermatozoa of this breed of chicken.
PFWP 04 Studies on performance traits of guinea fowls fed Neem (Azadirachta indica)
leaf powder
Singh M. K., Singh S. K., Singh D. V., Sharma R. K., Singh Brijesh, Palod J., Kumar
Shive, Barwal R. S., Kumar Anil and Singh C. B.
Department of Livestock Production Management, G.B.P.U.A&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted to study the growth pattern and carcass traits in pearl grey guinea
fowl, fed on dietary Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder over a period of 12 weeks. Day
old guinea fowl keets (n = 120) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each with
3 replicates. The first treatment was designated as control (T0) in which no supplement was
added to feed, while in treatments T1, T2 and T3 Neem leaf powder was provided through
feed @ 1 , 2 and 3 g per kilogram of feed, respectively. The results revealed that there was
significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight at 12 week which were found as 1229.7, 1249.8
and 1266.2 g in T1, T2, and T3 respectively as compared to control group T0 (1220.0 g).
The present study also showed that supplementation of Neem leaf powder significantly
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(P≤0.05) increased the feed intake which might be due to hypoglycaemic activity of Neem
resulting from biguanide like action leading to increased cellular uptake and utilization of
glucose (K. Jayakumar et al.). The results further revealed significant increase in FCR of
treated groups over control indicating that feeding of Neem leaf powder to birds of treated
groups have lowered their residual feed efficiency.
PFWP 05 Egglay and subsequent reproductive performance of white leg horn chickens
subjected to different parts of light spectrum
Reddy I. J., Ravi Kiran G., and Mondal S.
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of this, was to establish the effects of red spectrum of light (650nm, treated n=12)
and normal spectrum of light (450nm control=12) on amplitude and frequency of luteinizing
hormone (LH), estradiol (E2ß), progesterone (P4), intersequence pause days and egg
production from 52 to 62 weeks old laying white leghorn hens. Weekly interval profiles of
plasma LH, E2ß and P4 concentrations were increased in birds exposed to red spectrum of
light. At 57th weeks of age blood samples from both the groups were collected at every 3 h
for 36h to study the pulsatile secretion of LH surges. Plasma LH concentration was higher
(P<0.01) in treated birds with more number of frequencies and amplitude LH surges in
plasma of treated birds. LH frequencies were more pronounced and advanced during 36 h of
sampling at 3 h interval in treated birds. Weekly interval of plasma LH, E2ß and P4
concentrations increased (P<0.01) in treated birds from 32 to 42 weeks of age. GnRH-I
mRNA concentration was significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds exposed to red spectrum of
light compared to controls. It is hypothesized that exposure of birds to red spectrum of light
caused enhanced (P<0.01) GnRH-I mRNA, along with other hormones required for egg
formation and egg lay. During 77 days (52-62 weeks of age) of experimental period, egg
production was enhanced (p<0.01) with lower incidence of pause days after the peak
productive period in treated group. It is concluded that, higher levels of GnRH mRNA LH,
E2ß and P4 concentration with lower incidence of pause days enabled the birds to lay more
eggs during the productive period by modulating the wavelengths of light under normal
husbandry conditions.
PFWP 06 Effect of addition of Taurine on the liquid storage (5oC) of Mithun (Bos
frontalis) semen
Perumal P., Vupru K., Khate K., and Rajkhowa C.
National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of taurine on sperm functional and
biochemical profiles in mithun semen. Semen ejaculates were collected from 8 mithun bulls,
and semen was split into 4 equal aliquots and diluted with the TEYC extender. Group 1:
semen without additives (control), groups 2 to 4: semen was diluted with 25 mM, 50 mM
and 100 mM of taurine, respectively. Seminal parameters and biochemical profiles were
assessed at 5oC. Inclusion of taurine into diluent resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decreases
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in percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities
after liquid storage compared with the control group. Additionally, taurine at 50 mM has
significant improvement in quality of mithun semen than taurine at 25 or 100 mM stored in
in- vitro at 5oC. It was concluded that the possible protective effects of taurine on sperm
parameters are from enhancing the function of antioxidant enzymes, preventing efflux of
cholesterol from cell membranes and decreased MDA production.
PFWP 07 Effects of different concentration of glycerol and method of addition on
apoptosis in fresh and cryopreserved Mithun (Bos frontalis) semen
Bora Bhaskar, Baruah K. K., Savino N., Dhali A., Mondal M., Mukherjee A., Rajkhowa
C. and Perumal P.
National Research Centre on Mithun (ICAR), Jharnapani, Nagaland – 797 106
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of different dosage of glycerol at
different method of addition of glycerol on apoptotic sperm percentage in mithun semen.
Total numbers of 60 ejaculates were collected twice a week from five mithun bulls and
semen was split into two equal aliquots. The first aliquots was again split into five subgroups
and the glycerol was added at 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%, in a single dose (non- split) and second
aliquots was split into three subgroups and glycerol was added at 5, 6 and 7%, in the split
doses at different stage of cryopreservation, and both were diluted with the TEYC extender.
Apoptotic sperm percentage was estimated with tunnel assay using commercially available
In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit (Roche Diagnostics, USA). Results revealed that apoptotic
sperm percentage was significantly lower in 5% glycerol added group than other group and
non- significantly lower in the split method than in non- split method of addition of glycerol
in the mithun semen.
PFWP 08 Plasma biochemical profile of Emu chicks
Suganya G., Leela V., P. Gnanaraj Tensingh, Richard Jagatheesan P.N. and
Paramasivam A.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The nutrition of emus from hatching to breeding adult is an area of vital importance. Emu
chicks have a high rate of growth and their nutrition greatly affect the age of maturity.
Biochemical status is a reflection of many factors such as age, diet and management. As
there are no reference biochemical values for emus in India, a study was conducted to
evaluate the standard metabolic components in the plasma from emus. Blood samples were
collected in heparin coated tubes from 40 apparently healthy emu chicks aged about 5 to 6
months, reared at Regional Research Centre, Pudukottai and University Research Farm,
Madhavaram, Chennai. Plasma was separated by centrifugation and total protein, albumin,
calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were analyzed by using commercially available kits.
Further, albumin : globulin ratio was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed by
student “t” test and values were expressed as mean ± S.E. Plasma total protein, albumin,
globulin, albumin : globulin ratio, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were found to be
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6.18 ± 0.05 mg/dl, 3.11 ± 0.01 mg/dl, 3.07 ± 0.05 mg/dl, 1.03 ± 0.02, 9.83 ± 0.07 mg/dl,
5.08 ± 0.07 mg/dl and 1.92 ± 0.02 mg/dl respectively. This study aids in establishing
reference values for biochemical profiles in emu chicks.
PFWP 09 Comparative performance of broiler chicken reared under different
temperature and humidity levels using automated environment control
chamber facility for poultry during summer season
Vasanthakumar P., Chandrasekaran D., Kathirvalan C., B Pangayarselvi., Sasikumar P.,
Purushothaman M.R. and Senthilkumar S.
Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Namakkal
___________________________________________________________________________________________
A broiler trial was conducted to assess the performance of broiler chicken reared under
different temperature and humidity levels using automated environment control chamber
facility for poultry during summer season. A total of 780 number of commercial broiler
chicks were randomly allotted to three treatment groups with 20 replicates per treatment
group and 13 birds per replicate. The birds in the T1 group were reared at a set chamber
temperature of 350C and 60 % RH throughout the experimental period up to 35 days of age.
The birds in the T2 group were subjected to gradual reduction in set room temperature @
20C per week from 35
0C during first week to 27
0C during fifth week of age. The set RH was
maintained at 60 %. The birds belonging to T3 group were reared at a set chamber
temperature of 350C similar to T1 group whereas the relative humidity of the chamber was
set at 75 % instead of 60 %. The birds were reared in deep litter pens using coir pith as litter
material. The body weight of birds on 35 days age was significantly high (P<0.05) in T2
group whereas the cumulative feed intake was higher in T3 group. The feed conversion
efficiency was better in T2 group (1.51 ± 0.01) when compared to T1 and T3 groups (1.58 ±
0.01). During sixth week of age, a total of 60 birds were slaughtered (@ two birds from each
replicate) for studying the carcass characteristics. The hot carcass weight, dressing
percentage, weights of liver, heart & gizzard and length of entire intestine did not differ
significantly. From this study, it can be concluded that gradual reduction of environmental
temperature from first week of age resulted in better performance of broilers with a feed
conversion efficiency of 1.51. However, high humidity with frequent fluctuations in
environmental temperature inside the chamber resulted in poor performance of broiler birds.
PFWP 10 Heat ameliorating and immunomodulatory properties of AV/LAP/19 in broilers
chickens
Limsay R., Jangde C. R., Ravikanth K., Thakur A. and Maini S.
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Heat stress caused an increasing concern in poultry production due to the reduced
performance of poultry during summer. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate
comparative effects of supplementation of vitamin C and Liquid herbal antistressor product
AV/LAP/19 (supplied by M/S Ayurvet Ltd., Baddi, H.P., India) on the performance of
environmental heat stressed broilers birds was conducted. 90 day-old unsexed broiler chicks
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of Vencobb strain exposed to environmental heat were randomly divided into three groups
each having three replicates of ten birds. Group- T0: Untreated control, Group- T1:
supplemented with synthetic Vit. C @ 100g/ton of feed, Group- T2: supplemented with
AV/LAP/19 (Starter: @1 ml/100 birds/day Grower: @ 2ml/100 birds/day Finisher: @
3ml/100 birds/day in water. The birds were fed standard ration throughout the experiment.
At the end of 42nd
day significantly results in term of final body weight (1965.5, 2036.6 and
2086.6 g) and mean FCR (2.10, 1.90 and 1.91) were obtained in treated groups. The
haematological data revealed normalization of values of TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV in treated
groups as compared to control. Heat stress induced sharp rise in the serum glucose (g/dl),
uric acid (mg/dl) and ALP (IU/L) levels in control group (262.8, 3.59 and 29.77), which
reduced significantly in treated groups (175.5, 9.33 and 2.88 in T1 and 182.8, 12.11 and 2.73
in T2). Antibody titre for NCD was significantly higher in the treated groups (149.3 in T1
and 156.4 in T2) as compared to untreated control (60.4). The dressed weight and carcass
yield of treatment groups were observed significantly higher (P≤0.05) as compared to
control group. Significantly higher organ weight of liver and kidneys and primary organs of
immune system suggested the potential immunomodulatory effect of antistressor products.
From the results it can be concluded that AV/LAP/19 is effective in combating heat stress
and immunosuppression, besides enhancing the production performance in poultry and can
successfully replace vit C in broiler ration.
PFWP 11 Blood biochemical profile of hilly Pig “Zovawk Pig” of Mizoram
Prava M., Tolenkhomba T.C., Ali M.A., Saikia P. and Singh N. Shyamsana
College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram
___________________________________________________________________________________________
“Zovawk pig” is a semi wild type of non-descript pig found in the hilly terrain of Mizoram.
A study was carried out to find out blood biochemical profile of Zovawk pig reared in the
Livestock Farm, C.V. Sc. & A.H., Selesih, Aizawl during Summer season (March to June,
2011), Rainy season (July to October, 2011) and Winter season (November 2011 to
February 2012). in three different age groups, Group I (pre-weaning; 1 month old), Group II
(grower, 2 months old) and Group III (adults, 11-12 months old). Each groups comprised of
12 animals. Plasma protein, albumin, globulin, albumin globulin ratio (A:G ratio),
cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), urea, SGOT, calcium (Ca),
phosphorus (Pi), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and iron (Fe) were significantly influenced by
both season and age (P<0.05). Interaction of season and age influenced protein, albumin,
globulin, cholesterol, urea, SGOT, Ca, Pi and Cl significantly (P<0.05). Adult group had
higher levels of total protein, globulin, Ca, Fe, SGOT and SGPT (P<0.05) as compared to
the young ones. On the other hand A:G ratio, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL,
urea, Pi, Cl and ALP were significantly lower in adults as compared to young ones. The
urea, Na and SGOT levels were higher in rainy season as compared to other seasons
(P<0.05). The total protein, albumin, Pi, Cl and Fe were higher in winter as compared to
other seasons. The Zovawk pigs were found to have higher ranges of plasma urea, Na and
serum Fe as compared to other previous reports in other breeds of pig.
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PFWP 12 Studies on some haematological, biochemical and mineral profile of Rhode
Island Red (RIR) laying birds reared at backyard in different agroclimatic
zones of West Bengal
Pandiyan Guru. D. V., Maity S., Das P. K, Ghosh P. R., Sanyal S and Gogoi S. J.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 37, K. B. Sarani,
Kolkata
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Backyard fowl contributes nearly 50% of egg production in India as well as in West Bengal.
The population of backyard improved fowl had also been increased in the state of West
Bengal and Rhode Island Red (RIR) was considered as the best suited breed for backyard
rearing for the state. Hence, proper management of RIR population reared at backyard can
increase the egg production level which can fulfil the protein requirement of rural mass
particularly of below poverty line people. In this context, haematological (Hb, TEC), serum
biochemical (AST, ALT, T3 and T4) and serum mineral (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca and P) profiles
in addition to protein intake and body growth of the birds were estimated at different
agroclimatic zones of West Bengal. The study revealed that there was no significant
difference in haematological, biochemical and serum mineral profiles at different zones
except in the concentration of AST and iron in serum where they showed significant (P ≤
0.01) difference within the zones of RIR bird reared at backyard. Iron, zinc and manganese
concentration in serum showed positive association with the body growth at different ages.
Hormones viz.T3, T4 along with protein intake from feed supplement also showed positive
association with body growth. AST and ALT concentration in serum showed higher than the
normal values whereas T3 and T4 decreased during overall study. The overall physio-
biochemical and serum micronutrient status do not deviate from the normal range in RIR
breed. Finally, the study reveals that RIR birds may suitably be adapted at backyard system
in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal.
PFWP 13 Effect of poly herbal liver tonic on the biochemical indices of commercial layers
during late stage of production
Shukla P.K. and Bhattacharyya A.
Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura
___________________________________________________________________________________________
A study was conducted on 42 fifty three week old CARI PRIYA layers to assess the effect
of poly herbal liver tonic, AV/SSL/12 (Ayurvet Limited product) on the biochemical indices
of commercial layers during late stage of production. The birds were distributed into two
experimental groups having three replicates of seven birds each. The birds of the control
group were fed a basal diet (18% CP & 2600 K cal/kg ME) while the other group birds were
fed a basal diet supplemented with a poly herbal liver tonic in drinking water@
20ml/100birds/day from 53 to 72 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters viz. Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alanine Amino Transferases
(ALT) were determined at 62nd
week & 72th week of age on 7 birds/ group by standard
diagnostic kits (Span diagnostics Ltd., Surat, India). There were no significant differences in
biochemical parameters among the treatment groups at 62nd
week and 72th week of age.
Thus, it may be concluded that poly herbal liver tonic, AV/SSL/12 did not affect the level of
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serum ALP, AST and ALT during the late stage of production in commercial layers.
PFWP 14 Maternal dietary manipulation and vaccination on serum biochemical indices
of day old turkey poults
Bhattacharyya A., Majumdar S., Bhanja S. K., Mandal A. B. and Dash B. B.
Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
___________________________________________________________________________________________
A study was carried out to assess the effect of maternal dietary manipulation and vaccination
in the serum biochemicals of turkey neonates. Two hundred turkey breeder hens and twenty-
four viable toms of 30-35 weeks of age of small white variety were distributed into two
groups (NRC-1994 diet, High immune diet-HI) having four replicates of 25 hens and three
toms in each treatment. The diets were fed to turkey birds for about eight weeks. After six
weeks of experimental feeding two replicates from each treatment group were vaccinated
with ND (R2B). At the end of experimental feeding, 370 fertile eggs were collected from 4
groups (NRC-V, NRC-NV, HI-V and HI-NV). Serum blood biochemicals were determined
at day old by sacrificing six chicks from each dietary treatment. Poults from vaccinated birds
had significantly higher (P<0.05) serum protein levels at day old compared to those from
non vaccinated breeders (5.71 vs 4.68). Similarly, high immune group chicks had apparently
higher serum protein level compared to control group. However, there were no significant
differences recorded in the other serum biochemicals among the different treatment groups.
Hence, it may be concluded that breeder dietary manipulation and vaccination may not
adversely affect the serum biochemical indices in neonate turkey poults.
PFWP 15 Production performances and antioxidant status of Rhode Island Red (RIR)
laying birds reared at backyard in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal
during summer
Maity S., Ghosh P. R., Das P. K, Sanyal S, Pandiyan G. D. V., Das K., Gogoi S. J.,
Banerjee D. and Mukherjee J.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences,
___________________________________________________________________________________________ Backyard poultry plays an immense role providing nutritional security, protein supplement,
women empowerment to the below poverty line people in the state of West Bengal. Rhode
Island Red (RIR) was considered as the best suited breed for backyard rearing for the state.
To keep the birds in physiological status for producing optimum egg production special
attention is to be considered during summer to minimize the stress. In this context, various
physiological production parameters viz. weekly hen day and egg weight of RIR birds were
studied during summer from 600 RIR birds, considering equal population in each zone of
West Bengal viz. tarai, old alluvial, new alluvial, coastal and red laterite zone. The
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathion peroxidase (GHS-Px), Total antioxidant status
(TAS) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of RIR were measured and Canonical Correlation
Analysis was made to find out the associationship among the estimated value with the
production performance in different zones. Mean weekly hen day average and egg weight of
RIR bird reared at backyard at the age from 26th
to 37th week in summer season depicts that
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the overall weekly hen day average and egg weight in summer was 3.39 ± 0.09 and 45.13 ±
0.24 g respectively. It indicated that the RIR birds reared at backyard at various zones of
West Bengal were adapted suitably. But the pattern of egg production in various zones is not
same, as significant egg production difference (P≤0.01) among zones was noticed at the
initial phase of summer, from 26th to 31
st week, then such variation was not observed;
whereas, significant difference (P≤0.01) in egg weight was noticed at later phase of summer,
from 31st to 37
th week and before that such variation in egg weight was not occurred. It may
be due to adjustment to the environmental factors. The birds accommodated the climatic
stress and due to that after the age of 31st week the variation in weekly hen day production
had not been significantly changed amongst the various agroclimatic zones. Moreover, the
present findings also showed that there was significant (P≤0.01) correlation persist between
weekly hen day average and egg weight at 26th week to 35
th week and at 37
th week (P≤0.05).
It indicated that factors affecting the weekly hen day and egg weight at various weeks were
similar type. These may be stress factors which can affect the production. It was observed
that mean concentration of SOD, GHS-Px, TAS and LDH of RIR bird reared at backyard
have positive association with weekly hen day average and average egg weight throughout
summer stress. The current findings showed that RIR birds reared at backyard had better
adaptation ability to summer stress in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal.
PFWP 16 Physiological characteristics of nondescript domestic Geese (Anser anser) at
different ages and sexes
Thavasiappan V., Visha P., Nanjappan K., and Anilkumar R.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. Tamil Nadu
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The study was carried out on the nondescript domestic Geese (Anser anser) available at the
Sheep Breeding Research Station (SBRS), Sandynallah, Nilgiris district, a unit of
TANUVAS, Chennai. Sixty apparently healthy nondescript domestic geese of 1 month to 12
years age (30 male and 30 female) were randomly grouped in to five groups of 6 birds for
each sex, viz. 1-2 months, 2 - 24 months, 2-5years, 5-9 years and 9–12years. All the birds
were reared in semi intensive system under deep litter sheds. They were fed concentrate
@ 100 g/bird/day which was fed in the morning and evening. The birds were allowed
grazing in paddocks having ponds for 6 hours daily (0900 to 1200 and 1400 to 1900h). The
data from the birds were collected on three consecutive days. Blood samples were collected
from the wing vein of the birds before feeding. Each bird was manually restrained. After
preparing blood smear, plasma was separated and stored at -10oC. Total erythrocyte count
(TEC),, total leukocyte count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), heamoglobin concentration
were measured. Erythrocyte indices viz. mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean
corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations
(MCHC) were calculated. The mean PCV was significantly (p<0.05) higher in females
compared to males at 1 to 2 months and 2 to 5 years. However there was no significant
difference in the PCV of males and females of the age groups 2 months to 2 years, 5 to 9
years and 9 to 12 years. The mean hemoglobin concentration was significantly (p<0.05)
higher in females compared to males at 1 to 2 months, and 2 to 5 years and no significant
difference was observed at 2 months to 2 years, 5 to 9 years and 9 to 12 years. The mean
TEC was significantly (p<0.05) increased in females compared to males at 1 to 2 months
and at 2 to 5 years age but there was no significant difference in the 2 months to 2 years, 5 to
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9 years and 9 to 12 years age groups. The erythrocyte indices did not show any significant
difference between the males and females in any of age group of birds. The mean values of
TLC was significantly (p<0.05) higher in females compared to males at 1 to 2 months, 2
months to 2 years, 2 to 5 years, 5 to 9 years and 9 to 12 years. No significant differences
were observed in the differential leukocyte counts between sexes in the any of the age
groups.
PFWP 17 Incubation temperature affects expression of nutrient transporter genes in
Japanese Quail
Rashid Azhar, Tyagi J.S., Sharma Sanjeev Kumar, Sirajudeen M., Jag Mohan, Singh
R.P., Narayan Raj, Mehra Manish and Goel Akshat
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Elevated incubation temperature (higher than 37.5°C) would impair absorption of nutrients
from the yolk sac and thus may affect the performance of chicks. Nutrients are transported
into enterocytes by transporters located in the brush border membrane. Glucose, fructose,
amino acid and free glutamate and aspartate are transported by the sodium-dependent
glucose transporter (SGLT1), the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT5), the peptide
transporter (PepT1) and the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT3), respectively. The
information pertaining to elevated incubation temperature and its effects on nutrient
transporter gene expression in Japanese quail are lacking. Thus an attempt was made in this
study to understand the effect of elevated incubation temperatures on the expression of
nutrient transporter genes on day of hatch, 3rd
, 7th and 10
th day of hatch in Japanese quail. A
total of 96 hatching eggs (48 from each variety i.e. CARI UTTAM-high body weight and
CARI PEARL-low body weight) were obtained from experimental quail farm, Central
Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India and were randomly divided into three treatment
groups . Each treatment having 32 eggs (16 from each variety). The first treatment group
served as control where in the eggs were incubated at 37.5°C, throughout the entire
incubation period (17 days). In 2nd
and 3rd
treatment group, the eggs were incubated at
37.5°C for initial 10 days and thereafter at 38.5°C and 39.5°C, respectively. Eight chicks (4
chicks from each variety) from each treatment group were randomly selected and sacrificed
on day of hatch(DOH), 3rd
, 7th and 10
th day of age. Jejunal samples were collected
aseptically to study the gene expression of nutrient transporters (SGLT1, GLUT5, PepT1
and EAAT3). Results indicated a significant (P≤0.05) up regulation in the relative fold
expression of all studied nutrient transporter genes (SGLT1, GLUT5, PepT1 and EAAT3) at
elevated incubation temperatures. Except in Pearl on DOH at incubation temperature 38.5oC
and on 3rd
day at incubation temperature 39.5oC, expression of SGLT1 gene was
significantly up regulated on all the studied days. Expression of GLUT5 gene was up
regulated on all days except in Uttam on DOH at incubation temperature 38.5oC. PepT1
gene expression was up regulated on 3rd
day except in Pearl at incubation temperature
39.5oC. Over expression of EAAT3 gene was significant on 3
rd and 10
th day in both the
varieties at elevated incubation temperatures. In general over expression of nutrient
transporter genes were higher in Uttam variety. From this study it may be concluded that
elevated incubation temperature caused upregulation in the expression of nutrient transporter
genes and may affect the growth of chicks.
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TVPP 01 Veterinary Physiology: A strong pillar in veterinary education
Jain Archana and Shakkar Jyotsana
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science &A.H., Mhow (MP)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Physiology, a branch of biology, (Old Greek: physis, 'nature' and logos 'doctrine') is the
study of the physical and biochemical processes in the cells, tissues, and organs. In
physiology classes, students of veterinary medicine learn about the interaction of life
processes and metabolic processes in the entire organism. Physiology also includes the
learning of the chemical processes occurring within an animal's body on production in
terms of lactation, egg and meat production, reproduction, growth, increasing body and
muscle mass, stimulation of production of hormones, their effect on functioning of
various processes in various parts of the body. For the future veterinarian, it is also
important to gain an understanding of the differences in life processes of different
domestic animals.
In the Bachelor's course of study, general physiology is taught during the first two
academic years. During 1st year the course includes Blood, immune organs,
Musculoskeletal system, Digestion, metabolism, Heart, circulation, respiration, Urinary
tract, salt and water balance, Skin, thermoregulation, Nerve system and sensory organs
and during 2nd
year the course content includes Reproduction, mammary gland and
lactation, endocrinology, growth and environmental physiology. In the Master's and
Ph.D. courses, mainly specialized areas of physiology with biomedical research oriented
topics are included. Veterinary physiology studies can serve as a jumping off point to
additional studies in the veterinary sciences or various careers other than veterinary
medicine. In this context for the improvement in teaching students‟ feedback about
teaching-learning process is proved to be a valuable tool for the teacher to excel in
improvement of teaching and also to students for better understanding of the subject. For
this we undertook the following objectives:
1. To assess the effectiveness and quality of teaching.
2. To include changes wherever possible for the improvement in effectiveness of
teaching and to make it easier to understand by the students.
For the evaluation of teaching methodology, a questionnaire was prepared for the students to
obtain their feedback about teaching of Veterinary Physiology. The questionnaire containd
questions about teaching methodologies like computer assisted teaching like power point
presentation, black board teaching alone or a mixture of the two and their evaluation.
Majority of students shown their interest in greater use of power point along with
blackboard. Also expressed their interest in computer-assisted teaching, seminars,
presentations etc. This concludes that the physiology forms a strong base for graduate
studies in veterinary medicine, human medicine or advanced degrees in areas of physiology,
zoology or pharmacology and related subjects. Contribution can also be made in the progress
in agricultural and veterinary science by studying animal physiology as it‟s a foundation for
a veterinary graduate to know normal working of each and every organ and system of the
body to understand the diseased and abnormal status of the body systems. Individuals with
graduate studies in veterinary physiology may complete research for the advancement of
animal medicine, among other applications. Graduate programs and courses prepare
graduates to become researchers in academia, government or industry labs and university
professors, along with working in public policy or consulting for a pharmaceutical company,
meat processor or an association of artificial breeding.
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TVPP 02 Teaching Veterinary Physiology: Practical Aspect
Pareek Sunita
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Navania
Vallabhnagar, Udaipur
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The reason for frequent changes in course content is to make it compatible with the
current issues and approaches.Restriction on animal experimentation resulted in poor
laboratory performance of students and less interest in learning process. The reason
behind this is that till date we are not in a position to develop alternate learning system
according to our course curriculum using the advance technology which must include
animal friendly learning methods in place of traditional animal consumptive ones. The
animal based learning exercise should be replaced with computer module, models,
mannequins etc. In education, a true gold standard exists; how well the students learn
using different methods and the study conducted regarding this gave admirable results of
performance and procedural skill. So we can adopt these methods without any
hesitation. The most advanced mannequins have artificial skin, bones and organs,
sometimes including beating hearts and artificial fluids simulating blood and bile. These
facilitate blood sampling, intubation, catheterization etc. Within physiology the use of
the computer programs allows us to save many animals from being killed. They let us
simulate and visualize those physiological process which cannot be reproduced in usual
laboratory conditions during education, such as change of membrane potential, they
allow each student to work independently at their optimum rate, to review any stage, and
to repeat critical parts of the experiments which would be impossible to do with animals.
The teacher can supervise and estimate the success the adoption of the subject matter
from printouts of the experimental results, student‟s analysis and conclusions.
CONSTRAINTS Lack of appropriate teaching program created a huge gap in learning
process of students. The introduction of the appropriate program is possible only when it
corresponds to the subject matter in course. We currently have a lack of material in most
of areas and so cannot use our computer class to the full. The other difficulty is that it
requires significant preparatory work and preliminary training of teaching and technical
staff of the department.
SUGGESTIONS Throughout the India the VCI recommended course curriculum is
followed hence the practical content are also same. The related material of these
contents can be collected and compiled at national level by the society from the different
veterinary colleges and institutes to design the practical. The material can also be
generated by using the services of software experts. The guidelines regarding the use of
modules, animations and program should be explained by organizing various workshops
at different places by expertise persons. These hands on training program will be helpful
in implementation of alternate methods and simultaneously a smart, better learning
system in educational institutes.
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YSA 01 Evaluation of stem cell therapy on ovaries of anestrus buffaloes
Mundekar A. S., Ingole S. D., Bhartiya D. V., Patel H. R., Gulavne S. U., Nagvekar A.
S., Bharucha S. V., Bakshi S. A and Pawshe C. H.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was aimed to use stem cell therapy for the first time in ovaries of anestrus
buffaloes and to observe the changes occurring following transplantation. In the first part of
the experiment 2 anestrus animals were selected based on per rectal examination and blood
profile along with two normal animals. The ovaries were smooth without follicles and the
progesterone and FSH values were below 0.5 ng/ml and 0.1 mIU/ml. On slaughter their
ovaries were collected and it was observed that the size and weight of the ovaries of
anestrus buffaloes were smaller as compared to the normal buffaloes. On histolopathology,
the anestrus buffaloes showed presence of primordial and primary follicles whereas in
normal buffaloes all the types of follicles were present. In the second part of the experiment
three anestrus buffaloes were selected for stem cell transplantation based on their history
(not showing estrus for more than 6 months), per rectal examination (small and smooth
ovaries without any follicles on surface ) and ultrasonography (either small or no follicles).
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) were isolated from the femur of female
buffalo obtained from slaughter house. They were characterized using markers for MSC
(CD 44 and CD 90) by immunofluorescence technique. These BM-MSC were injected into
the ovaries at multiple sites of anestrus buffaloes using ultrasonography guided transvaginal
technique. The injection was done in a reverse way in which intra-ovarian ovum pick up
(OPU) is carried out. The animals were observed for a period of 60 days during which
blood was collected at weekly intervals and ultrasonography was done after 60 days. It was
observed that there was increase in the size of ovaries along with the presence of new
follicles (secondary) but the hormonal profile post BM-MSC transplantation differed from
animal to animal. In one of the buffalo, FSH increased from basal levels to 0.61 ng/ml. In
the other, estradiol levels increased from basal levels to 16.69 pg/ml whereas the third was
diagnosed with endometritis but it showed presence of two secondary follicles which were
not seen at the time of MSC transplantation. Considering the increase in size, presence of
new follicles and slight increase in the hormonal levels, it can be concluded that though the
animals did not show estrus, but showed positive response to introduction of MSC
transplantation.
YSA 02 Electrophysiological evaluation of parentral anaesthesia in goats
Yadav Mrigakshi, Rastogi S.K., Huozha R. and Kumar Sudhir
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, GBPUAT,
Pantnagar
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The comparative effect of propofol (@4mg/kg body weight, intravenously) and xylazine-
ketamine (xylazine @ 0.05mg/kg body weight, intravenously followed by ketamine @
4mg/kg body weight, intravenously) on electroencephalography was assessed in 12
clinically healthy (LocalXBarbari) adult female goats (6 animals in each group), aged 2-4
years, weighing 23.66 ± 2.22 kg. Quantitative electroencephalographic evaluation through
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spectral analysis revealed increased total power, PPF, RP-δ and RP-θ while decreased MF,
SEF-90, RP-α and RP-β during propofol and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia. Most EEG
changes due to anaesthetics were best depicted in occipital, vertex and parietal channels and
least in frontal channel. Xylazine-ketamine exerted more effective anaesthetic effects on
total power, SEF-90, MF, RP-δ and RP-β while propofol on PPF at vertex and left parietal,
RP-θ at left parietal and RP-α at right parietal regions of the brain. EEG could be effectively
utilized to evaluate efficacy of parentral anaesthesia and xylazine-ketamine would be a
better choice over propofol.
YSA 03 Effect of different dietary energy levels on physiobiochemical changes and
expression profile of leptin in Goat (Capra hircus)
Hyder I., Ramesh K., Sharma S., Uniyal S., Yadav V. P., Maurya V. P., Singh G. and
Sarkar M.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar
Pradesh
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The study was conducted to assess the effect of different energy levels of restriction on
physiological and genetic level adaptability. Eighteen adult non-pregnant does (average BW
33.56 kg) were used in the present study. The ewes were divided into three groups, viz., GI
(n=6; control), GII (n=6; 30% feed intake of control), GIII (n=6; 40% feed intake of
control). The study was conducted for 40 days covering a period of two estrous cycles.
Blood samples were collected every ten days interval. The parameters studied were
allometric parameters (viz., body weight, and body condition scoring and physiological
responses (viz., respiration rate, pulse rate, and rectal temperature) biochemical parameters
(glucose, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol), hormones (T3, T4, cortisol, leptin) and mRNA
expression profile of leptin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The nutritional
stress significantly (P<0.05) affected most of the parameters. There was a significant
(P<0.05) reduction in Body weight and Body condition score. The physiological responses
were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Among the biochemical parameters mean serum
glucose first increased significantly (P<0.05) and then stabilized in GII whereas as there
was no change in serum glucose levels in GIII. Serum albumin significantly (P<0.05)
affected in late stages of study. There was no significant (P<0.05) changes in serum
creatinine. Among hormonal parameters there was significant decrease in T3 in both the
groups; T4 increased significantly in GII on 10th day and then stabilized whereas no
changes was observed in GIII. Cortisol levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in both GII
and GIII. There was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum leptin levels in GII but in
GIII significant reduction was observed only 10th and 30
th day of study. The mRNA
expression was significantly (P<0.05) upregulated in GII on 30th day followed by a
significant downregulation whereas in GIII significant (P<0.05) downregulation was only
seen on 30th and 40
th days. It can be concluded from our study that animals can maintain
near physiological homeostasis even at 40% energy intake levels. The animals have innate
physiological ability to survive periods of nutritional stress by adjusting leptin levels which
are required for maintaining the physiological normalcy.
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YSA 04 Wound healing potential of canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem
cell conditioned media in diabetic rats
Matin Ansari Mohd, Sreekumar T.R., Chandra Vikash, Dubey Pawan K., Kumar G. Sai,
Amarpal and Sharma G. Taru
Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Aim of the present study was to explore the xenoxenic therapeutic potential of
mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media in diabetic wound healing. Canine bone marrow
derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and cultured as per our laboratory
protocol. The cells were characterized as per ISCT criteria. Conditioned media (CM) was
collected form 3rd
passage BMSCs at 120 hours culture using knockout DMEM and serum
replacement media as culture medium. Streptozotocin (@ 60 mg/kg b.wt., I/P) was used for
the production of diabetic rat models. Six groups were made for the wound healing therapy,
out of which group I, II and III were non-diabetic (normal rats) while group IV, V and VI
were diabetic (diabetic rat model). Each group has six animals and one wound (2 X 2 cm2)
was created on the dorsal side of each animal. For assessing therapeutic potential, Stem
cells and it‟s conditioned media (subcutaneously) were injected at the periphery of wounds
and wound healing was assessed by wound contraction rate, pictorial evaluation at different
time interval (0, 3rd
, 7th, 14
th, 21
st and 28
th day) and histomorphological examination on day
28th
of surgery. It can be concluded that mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media can be
exploited xenoxenically very well for diabetic wound healing.
YSA 05 Plasmid vector based generation of transgenic mesenchymal stem cells with
stable expression of reporter gene in caprine
Kumar Manish, Singh Renu, Agarwal Pranjali, Kumar Kuldeep, Mahapatra P. S., Das
B. C. and Bag Sadhan
Reproductive Physiology Lab, Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety
of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel
method of stem cells therapy in the various diseases. Achieving high levels of transgene
expression for the longer period of time, without adversely affecting cell viability and
differentiation capacity of the cells, is crucial. In the present study, we investigated the
efficiency of plasmid vector for the production of transgenic cMSCs and examined any
functional change of cells after transfection. To do so first we have collected bone marrows
from the adult goats and cultured them for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-
MSCs). These cells were characterized using MSC specific markers including
differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. Transfection with plasmid vector did not
adversely affect cBM-MSCs morphology, viability or differentiation potential, and
transgene expression levels were unaffected beyond passage 12th. The results indicated that
we have been able to generate transgenic caprine MSC (tcBM-MSC) and transfection of
cBM-MSCs using plasmid vector resulted in very high and stable transfection efficiency.
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This finding may have considerable significance in improving the efficacy of MSC-based
therapies and their tracking in animal model.
YSA 06 Supplementation of chromium propionate for alleviation of stress in Sahiwal
calves during summer and winter season
Kumar Suresh and Singh S.V.
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
__________________________________________________________________________________________
In order to find out the effect of chromium propionate supplementation on physiological
responses, immunity status, cortisol hormone and gene expression related to stress and
growth. Twelve Sahiwal calves were selected from the NDRI herd based on their age
and body weight. These animals were further divided equally (6 each) into two
group i.e. control (without chromium propionate) and treatment group (chromium
propionate supplementation).The treatment group of animals were fed chromium
propionate @ 0.5mg/kg dry matter intake /day for a period of 45 days during winter
and summer seasons. The physiological responses and blood samples were collected
at fortnightly interval. The physiological responses were found to be lower in treatment
group compared to control group of Sahiwal calves. The cortisol levels remained lower in
treatment group compared to control group during both the seasons. The immunological
parameters (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF) were found to be higher in treatment group
compared to control group, but the values were not statistically significant. Body weight
and DMI were found to be higher in treatment group compared to control group. The
expression of genes related to growth (EGR1) and immunity (NFIL3) were up regulated
and genes related to stress (ENO3 and ADA) were down regulated in treatment group
compared to control group under extreme environmental conditions. Results of the study
indicate the beneficial effect of chromium propionate supplementation for amelioration of
stress, improving the immunity and growth performance of Sahiwal calves.
YSA 07 Seasonal variation in expression pattern of genes under HSP70 family in heat
and cold adapted goats (Capra hircus)
Banerjee Dipak, Upadhyay Ramesh C., Chaudhary Umesh B., Kumar Ravindra, Singh
Sohanvir, Ashutosh, Gali Jagan M., Polley Shamik, Mukherjee Ayan, Das Tapan K. and
De Sachinandan
Stress and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is one of the most abundant and best characterized heat
shock protein family consists of highly conserved stress proteins, expressed in response to
stress and play crucial roles in environmental stress tolerance and adaptation. Present study
was conducted to identify major types of genes under HSP70 family and to quantify their
expression pattern in heat and cold adapted Indian goats (Capra hircus) with respect to
different seasons. Five HSP70 gene homologues to HSPA8, HSPA6, HSPA1A, HSPA1L
and HSPA2 were identified by gene specific primers. The cDNA sequences showed high
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similarity to other mammals and proteins have an estimated molecular weight of around 70
kDa. The expression of HSP70 genes were observed during summer and winter. During
summer the higher expression of HSPA8, HSPA6 and HSPA1A was observed, whereas the
expression levels of HSPA1L and HSPA2 were found to be lower. It was also observed that
the expression of HSPA1A and HSPA8 was higher during winter in both heat and cold
adapted goats but down regulation in case of other HSPs. Therefore, both heat and cold
stress induced the over expression of HSP70 genes. An interesting finding emerged from
the study is the higher expression of HSP70 genes in cold adapted goats during summer and
in heat adapted goats during winter. Altogether the results indicate that the expression
pattern of HSP70 genes is species and breed specific, most likely due to variations in
thermal tolerance and adaptation to different climatic conditions
YSA 08 Difference in the relative expression of skin color genes in indigenous and
crossbred cattle during summer and winter season
Maibam Uttarani, Singh S.V., Upadhyay R.C., Singh A.K, Kumar Suresh and Beenam
Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, NDRI, Karnal
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of skin color in adaptability of
indigenous animals. Ten animals each of Tharparkar and Karan Fries (KF) heifers with
different hair coat and skin color were selected to study the expression of skin color related
genes (MC1R and PMEL) and activity of tyrosinase enzyme during summer (Tmax, 36.4ºC)
and winter season (Tmin, 4.1 ºC). Relative MC1R and PMEL mRNA expression in
lymphocytes of Tharparkar and KF heifers was found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher
during winter than summer season. However, magnitude of gene expression was
significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Tharparkar than KF heifers. Similarly, tyrosinase activity
and levels of metabolic related thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly (P < 0.01)
higher during winter than summer season in both the breeds. In contrast, plasma cortisol
level of both the breeds was significantly (P < 0.01) higher during summer than winter
season, but cortisol level of KF during summer season was significantly (P < 0.05) higher
than Tharparkar. Thus, expression of the genes (MC1R and PMEL) showed positive
correlation (P < 0.01) with metabolic hormones, whereas negative cerrelation (P < 0.01)
with heat stress, being negatively correlated with plasma cortisol (stress indicator) level.
Significant difference in the expression level of these skin color genes and tyrosinase
activity (rate limiting enzyme of pigmentation) in different breeds with different coat
characteristics during the two different seasons indicates the importance of skin color for
adaptability of Tharparkar animals to tropical climatic conditions compared to Karan Fries.