scheme chapter 5.pdf

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CHAPTER 5: LIGHTANSWER

5.1 REFLECTION

1. Question 1: Johor 09(a) Converge at a point F.(b) any point at the principa

front of the mirror.

(c) Real, inverted and dimin

2.(a) Reflection(b) 15 cm(c) 2f = 30 cm

Image same size with o(d)

Objectdistance , u

/cm

ImagCharacte

10 Virtual, uprimagnified

20 Real, invertemagnified

30 Real, invertesize as the o

40 Real, invertediminished

(e)

l axis in

ished.

bject.

eistics

ht,

d,

d, samebject

d,

3. Question 2: N9 08

(a) Convex mirror

(b) Convex mirror hathan a plane mirr

(c)

(i)

Draw two incideneach of them reflcorrect path.Shows image for the mirror and thfront of F.

(c)

(ii)

Virtual ,upright a

(any of two combi

4. Question 3: Kedah

(a) Convex mirror

(b) Upright / diminisvirtual

(c) A radial ray that ithrough the centcurvature, C of thmirror

is reflected backincident path thr Determine the coof the image

(d) To increase the fi

5. Question 6: SBP fina

(a) Image that cannotscreen

(b)(i)

Image in Diagramvice versa

(b)(ii)

upright

a wider viewr.

rays andcted at the

ed behindposition in

d diminished.

nation)

7

ed / smaller /

s incidente of e curved

along theugh point C

rrect position

eld of vision

F4 07

be formed on

.1 is bigger//


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(c)

(d) Reflection

(e) Wide angle of reflection // wider the vision

6. Question 7: Trengganu 07

(a) Two reflected rays are shown(diagram)Angle of incidence = Angle of

reflection (diagram)

(a)(ii) Reflection

(a)(iii) The driver in car P cannot seecar Q // field of view verysmall

(b)(i) Convex mirror

b(ii) Two reflected rays are shown(diagram)Angle of incidence = Angle of

reflection (diagram)

(b)(iii) The convex mirror increasethe field of view

c(i) Unchanged

c(ii) The characteristics of imageof a convex mirror not

depends on the focal length

5.2 REFRACTION OF LIGHT

7. Question 2: Melaka Mid 2010(a) Refraction(b) speed and direction of light

change when travel throughdifferent medium

(c) 49.5⁰

(d) n = sin 49.5⁰ = 1.5

Sin 30⁰

8. Question 3: Melaka 07

(a)(i)

Virtual / Magnified

(a)(ii)

Refraction

(b) Light ray travels from densityto less dense mediumRefracted away from normal.

(c) Draw refracted ray correctlyDraw ray from image to theobserver.


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(a)(i)

Pencil in Diagram 6.2 morebending

(a)(ii)

Density of seawater is higher

(a)(iii)

The higher the density thegreater the bending

(b) The size of the pencil in thewater is greater

(c) Refraction

(d) velocit

(e)

10. Question 5: SBP 08

(a) The gradient of the graph for liquid X is higher than thegradient of the graph for water.

(b) The refractive index of water is

lower than the refractive indexof the liquid X.

(c) The higher the density of liquid,the higher the refractive index

(d) n = real depthapparent depth

= 1.00.6

= 1.67

(e) Refraction of light

(f) Wavelength increase.

(g) The size of image seen from theglass block is bigger.

11. Question 5: Kedah 09(a)(i) Speed of light in air is higher than speed of light in water.(a)(ii) speed of light in air is higher than speed of light in glass

(a)(iii) If the speed of light decreases,then the light ray will bend towardsthe normal.(a)(iv) refraction(b)(i) One light ray from point P bendaway from the normal after emerginginto the air Extrapolate the ray to point Q.

(b)(ii) 1.6 = 1.331.2

5.3 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

12. Question 4: MARA 09(a)(i) critical angle(a)(ii) n = 1 = 1.5

Sin 42⁰

(b)(i)

(b)(ii) i > 42⁰, so total internal

reflection occurs


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(c)(ii) Angle of refraction will becomesmaller.


(a) Refractive index is the ratio of sin i to sin r

(b)(i)

( The refracted ray is closer to the

normal compare to the water )

(b)(ii)

The glass block is denser thanwater, so the light ray isrefracted more.

(c)(i)

The total internal reflection –angle of reflection is equal tothe angle of incidence.

(c)(ii)

The incident angle in thediamond is more than the

critical angle.(d)

Sin c = 1n

= 12.4

c = 24.62 °

14.(i)

(ii) virtual, upright and same size

(iii) final image of the binocular isupright and it is shorter, solighter and easy to carry.

15. Question 2: Johor 08

(a) Mirage

(b)

Total internal reflection

(c)(i)

Density of the cool air is greater than the density of the warm air

(c)(ii)

The light rays will be refractedaway from the normal

(c)(iii

16.(a) Total internal reflection(b)(i) Q is denser (b)(ii) Q has higher refractive index.(c) sin c = 1 /2.1

c =(d)(i) endoscope

(ii) internet


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5.4 LENSES

17.(i)

(ii) real, inverted, magnified

(b)(i)

(b)(ii) virtual, upright, small

18.(a) image at the focal point(b) real, inverted, small(c) f = 19 – 9 = 10 cm(d) u = 15 cm(e

himage = v = 30 = 2hobject u 15

himage = 2 x 4 = 8 cm

(f) real, inverted, magnified(g) at focal point

19. Question 2: SBP 08

(a) Distance from the optical center to the focus point.

(b) 1 = 1 + 1f u v

1 = 1 - 1v 2 3

= 16

v = 6 cm.

(c)(i)

(ii) Real,inverted,magnified.

20.(a)(i)

(a)(ii) Real, inverted, magnified(b) 1 + 1 = 1

20 v 15v = 60 cm

(c) m = 60 = 320

(d) virtual, upright, smaller

21. Question 6: Mid Melaka 09(a) Image cannot be captured on the

screen(b)(i) Image in Diagram 6.1 is > then

Diagram 6.2(b)(ii) Equal // same


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(b)(iii) Image distance in Diagram 6.1is further// > than in Diagram5.2

(c) The shorter the image distancethe smaller the image //directly

proportional(d) m = vu

(e)(i) blur (e)(ii) not enough light.

22. Question 8: Kelantan 08(a)

b Real, inverted, diminished

c(i)

1/f = 1/u + 1/vv = 15 cm

cii

m = v/um = 0.5

d(i)

Objective lens = convex lens YEyepiece lens = convex lens X

dii

Focal length convex lens Y >than focal length convex lens X

(d)(iii)

23. Conceptual: Kelantan 08

Density diagram 9.2 < densitydiagram 9.3

Refractive index 9.2 < refractiveindex 9.3

Angle of refraction in diagram 9.2 >angle of refraction in diagram 9.3

The higher the density the smaller the angle of refraction

The higher the refractive index thesmaller the angle of refraction

24. Conceptual: Perak 07

(i) Refraction / Total InternalReflection

(ii) Block 1 (Rectangle)

:Refracted ray smaller thenthe incidence rayBlock 2(Prism) :The incidenceray is perpendicular and thereis no refracted raysAngles of incidence in theprism = Angles of reflection inthe prismRefractive index = 1

Sin cc= Critical angle

The ray of light comes from adense to a less densemedium or The angle of incidence in thedense medium is greater thanthe critical angle

25. Conceptual: Johor 08

(i) Ratio sin of incidence angle andsine of refraction angle

(ii) Refractive index digram9.2

larger than diagram 9.1Refraction angle diagram 9.2 issmaller than diagram 9.1Critical angle diagram 9.1larger than diagram 9.2When the refractive index islarge, the critical angle is small


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26. Conceptual: Melaka 08(i) A point at principle focus where

light ray parallel with principleaxis converge/diverge to/from it.

(ii) 1.Convex lens K more thicknessthan lens J2.The light rays refracted and

converge to the point F3.The distance between O and F

is focal length.4.Focal length lens K is shorter

than lens J5.More thickness the lens ,

shorter the focal length

27. Conceptual: Melaka 08

(a)(i) Real image is an image whichcan be seen on a screen.

(a)(ii) the object distance indiagram 10.1 is longer than diagram 10.2

the image distance indiagram 10.2 is longer than diagram 10.1

the size of the image in

diagram 10.2 is larger the longer the imagedistance, the bigger thesize of the image

The smaller the objectdistance the larger thesize of the image / theobject distance isinversely proportional tosize of the image.

28. Conceptual: SBP 08 The object distance in Diagram 9.1

is closer than in Diagram 9.2 The image distance in Diagram 9.1

is further than in Diagram 9.2

The size of image in Diagram9.1 is larger than in Diagram9.2

The further the object distance,the closer the image distance

The further the object distance,the smaller the size of image

29. Understanding: SBP 08i. Concave mirror

(i) Show object at the correct

distance , u < f Ray parallel to the principal axisreflect through the focal pointIntersection of 2 reflected rays

behind the mirror.

30. Understanding: Melaka 08 The convex lens with its holder is

aimed at a distant object like atree.

Adjust a screen until you see avery sharp and clear image of thedistant object.

When parallel light rays from adistant object pass through a

convex lens, they will converge toa point called focal point/ label ona diagram

Measure the distance between theconvex lens and screen./ label ona diagram


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31. Understanding: Kelant

(i) Angle between incidennormal line

(ii) Increase the angle oincidence, i, then an

refraction, r, will als Keep on increasing

of incidence until anrefraction is 90˚

The angle of incidencalled critical angle

Increase the angle oincidence more thancritical angle

The ray will be totallreflected.

32. Understanding : Johor 1. the angle of incidence is

than critical angle2. the light travel from medi

density to low density

33. Understanding: SBP 08 The layers of air nearer

warmer.

The density of air decrenearer to the road surfa

The light travel from deless dense area.

The light refract away fr normal

n 08

t ray and

le of

increasehe anglegle of

ce is

the

8greater

um high

the road

asece.

ser to

om the

When the angle of iexceed the criticalinternal reflection o

34. Understanding: Pe1. Draw a diagram toof light

2. Total internal reflec3. 180 0 fish eye view4. Obstacle

35. Understanding: Ked1. Diagram shows a c

fibre (with outer anlayer) with at least t

internal reflection2. The refractive indeinternal layer of theis greater than theor air

3. Angle of incidence,angle, c

4. Total internal reflec

36. Understanding: MR

(i) Convex mirror (ii) Has a wider vie

Upright image

The image is sedistance v ≤ f bmirror for all poobject

(iii) Light ray fromparallel to the pis reflected as ifrom the focal p

Position of the i

ncidencengle, total

ccurs

ak 07how the rays

ion

ah 07rved opticalinternal

wo total

of theoptical fibrexternal layer

i > critical

ion occur

SM 07

en at ahind the

sitions of the

bject that isrincipal axis

it comesoint

mage


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37. Understanding: Johor 07

(a)Periscope SAll the light is reflected into theeyes of the viewer through total

internal reflection.

(b)R

Position of mirror//position of prisms

Ray diagram for R and S Condition: Light ray travels

from optically dense mediumto optically less densemedium, or angle of incidencemore than critical angle

38. Qualitative problem: Perak 07

(i) Draw a correct ray diagram withat least 2 raysBox

Using two right-angled prismsArrangement of prismTotal internal reflection

(ii) Draw a diagram to showarrangementRight angle prism which causethe the rays to bent through 1800

4 prism2 eye piece2 objective lens


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39. Qualitative problem: Jo

Aspect R

1. An inner coreof higher refractive index

Light rareflecteeasily t

total intreflecti

2. Outer layer of medium with alower refractiveindex

Light rareflecteeasily ttotal intreflecti

3. Lower densit The optwill be l

4. The thicknessof the glass is

thin

Save pbe use

narrowspace

5. Strong andflexible

Does neasily ashape cadjuste

40. Qualitative: SBP 08

(i) Objective lens aboveEyepiece below // dia

Correct arrangementdiagram

(ii) Ray from object to th

and reflect 90

Second reflection 90

Reflection in 2nd pris

hor 08

ason

y isd more

rough

ernaln

y isd more

roughernaln

ical fibreighter

ce / canin

t breaknd thean be

/ diagramram

f prisms //

1s prism

in 1st prism(double

reflection)Draw another ray

(iii) Shorter // smaller // easy to carryProduce upright i

41. Qualitative: Melaka

(i) draws theeyepiece lens

correct labeleyepiece

label f O and f e draw the cor

the object ( f o draw ray diag

position of im draw ray diag

final image

(ii) Use a concav Converge ligh

microscope.(iii) Decrease thedecrease thethe eyepiece lthe focal lengobjective lens

increase thefactor.

diagram

size of binocular

age

8

objective ands.

of objective and

correctlyect position for

< u1 < 2f o)ams to show the

age 1ams to show the

mirror t to the

bject distance /ocal length of ens / decreaseh of the.

agnification


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42. Making decision: Johor 07

(a) Design Z Concave mirror converges all

the light to the focal point

(b) Use spherical disc of concave mirror so that morelight is converge to the focalpoint, hence the intensity of light is high

The kettle holder is made of iron

Which is a good conductor of heat.

(c) No pollution Renewable

(d) Restriction of the weather High cost Need a large area Difficult to stop and transfer

to ac form

43. Making Decision: Kedah 07

(i) refractive index =Speed of light in vacuum

Speed of light in the medium

Characteristics Reason

High refractiveindex

Total internalreflection canoccur easily

Small amount of light energybeing absorbedby the material

The object under observation canbe seen clearly //more light can be

transmittedMaterial withweak rigidity

The optical fibrecan be bent easily

Material withstrong strength

The optical fibrecan last longer/noteasily spoil

Material R High refractiveindex, low % of light energyabsorbed, weakrigidity and strong

strength

44. Making Decision: MRSM 07

(i) Diameter of fibre should besmall

The endoscope is small /slim

Material should be strongand of high flexibility

Bends easily without

breaking The refractive index of the

inner layer is greater thanthe refractive index of theouter layer.

Total internal reflection canoccur

The most suitable is R

Because the diameter issmall, high flexibility andrefractive index of the inner

layer is greater than theouter layer.

(ii) Objective lens: to form theimage of an object

Eye piece: to focus theimage

45. Quantitative problem: MRSM 07

(i) u = 30 cm, f = -10 cm

1/v = 1/-10 – 1/30v = - 7.5 cm

(ii) m = v/u= 7.5/30= 0.25


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46. Quantitative problem: Kedah 07

(i) The coin appear bigger whenseen by observer BThe coin is nearer to theobserver B

(ii)

= 12 cm

(iii) Add in more water//add in somesalt solution

47. Section B:Kelantan 09(a) Distance between optical centre

and focal point.(b)

Lens in Diagram 9.1 is thinner Focal length in Diagram 9.1 is

longer. Power of lens in Diagram 9.1 is

lower. The thinner the lens the longer

the focal length The thinner the lens, the lower

the power of the lens.(c)(i) at u < f

(d)

Modification explanation

P as eye piece

lens and Q asobjective lens

Focal length of P

is longer

Fo < u < 2f o To produce real,inverted andmagnified image

Adjusted so thatu < f e

To producevirtual, invertedand bigger image

// to acts as amagnifying glass

Distance betweenlenses > f o + f e

To producebigger imagefrom the eyepiece

// to increase themagnification

Store in a cooland dry place

To avoid fungusin the lenses.

48. Section B: Melaka 09(a)(i) Incident angle when its

refracted angle is 90o

(a)(ii) Incident angle in Diagram 9.1 <

Incident angle in Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.1 refraction Diagram 9.2 total internal

reflection Incident angle in Diagram 9.1 is

less than critical // incident anglein Diagram 9.2 is more thancritical angle

when incident angle more than thecritical angle total internalreflection occurred

(b) Light consisting of seven colours Red has the longest wave length

and the last to refracted duringsunset

A droplet of water trap in theatmosphere after raining acts alens

Light travel through this water droplet and undergo the processof refraction ,total internal

reflection and dispersion of lightoccurred

x

1634 =


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(c)(i) Optical fibber consist two layers

from two types of glass. it consists of core at the centre

and outer layer with difference

refractive index The outer layer glass has lower refractive index than the inner core glass.

When the angle of incidence of light is greater than the criticalangle

light rays undergo total internalreflection

repeatedly until they emerge fromthe opposite end of the optical

fibre.

(c)(ii)

Modification Reason

Built bundle of optical fiber

Carry moreinformation

strong material not easily break

Very flexible Easy to bend at

the curve part

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