scheme of teaching & examination

CIVIL ENGINEERING SECOND YEAR COURSE DIARY

PAGE 1 MVJCE

SCHEME OF TEACHING & EXAMINATION

SEMESTER: III

S. No.

Subject Code

Title of the Subject Teachi

ng Dept/.

Teaching Hrs/Week

Examination

Theory

Practical

Duration (Hr)

Marks

IA

Theory/

Practical

Total

1 10MAT

31 Engineering Mathematics – III

Maths 04 -- 03 25 100 125

2 10CV32 Building Materials & Construction Technology

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

3 10CV33 Strength of Materials Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

4 10CV34 Surveying – I Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

5 10CV35 Fluid Mechanics Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

6 10CV36 Applied Engineering Geology

Civil/ Geo. 04 -- 03 25 100 125

7 10CVL

37 Civil Engineering Material Testing Lab

Civil -- 03 03 25 50 75

8 10CVL

38 Surveying Practice – I Lab

Civil -- 03 03 25 50 75

TOTAL 24 06 24 200 700 900


PAGE 2 MVJCE

10MAT31 – ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III


PAGE 3 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code : 10MAT31 I A Marks: 25 Hours / Week: 5 Exam Marks: 100 Total Hours: 62 Exam Hours: 03

PART A

UNIT – I

FOURIER SERIES Convergence and divergence of infinite series of positive terms, definition and illustrative examples* Periodic functions, Dirichlet’s conditions, Fourier series of periodic functions of period and arbitrary period, half range Fourier series. Complex form of Fourier Series. Practical harmonic analysis. 07 hrs.

UNIT – II FOURIER TRANSFORMS Infinite Fourier transform, Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms, properties, Inverse transforms 06 hrs.

UNIT – III

APPLICATIONS OF P.D.E Various possible solutions of one-dimensional wave and heat equations, two-dimensional Laplace’s equation by the method of separation of variables, Solution of all these equations with specified boundary conditions. D’Alembert’s solution of one-dimensional wave equation. 06 hrs.

UNIT – IV

CURVE FITTING AND OPTIMIZATION Curve fitting by the method of least squares- Fitting of curves of the form , y= ax+ b, y= a x2+ bx+c, y= a ebx, y=axb

Optimization: Linear programming, mathematical formulation of linear programming problem (LPP), Graphical method and simplex method. 07 hrs

PART – B

Unit – V

NUMERICAL METHODS – 1 Numerical Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations: Regula-falsi method, Newton - Raphson method. Iterative methods of solution of a system of equations: Gauss-seidel and Relaxation methods. Largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector by Rayleigh’s power method. 06 hrs.


PAGE 4 MVJCE

Unit – VI

NUMERICAL METHODS – 2 Finite differences: Forward and backward differences, Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae. Divided differences - Newton’s divided difference formula, Lagrange’s interpolation formula and inverse interpolation formula. Numerical integration: Simpson’s one-third, three-eighth and Weddle’s rules (All formulae/rules without proof) 07 Hrs

Unit – VII

NUMERICAL METHODS – 3 Numerical solutions of PDE – finite difference approximation to derivatives, Numerical solution of two dimensional Laplace’s equation, one dimensional heat and wave equations 07 hrs

Unit – VIII DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND Z-TRANSFORMS Difference equations – Basic definitions, Z-transforms – Definition, Standard Z-transforms, Damping rule, Shifting rule. Initial value theorem, Final value theorem, Inverse Z-transforms. Application of Z-transforms to solve difference equations. 06 Hrs. Text Books:

1. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Latest edition, Khanna Publishers 2. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Latest edition, Wiley Publications.

Reference Books:

1. B.V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Latest edition, Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publications.

2. Peter V. O’Neil, Engineering Mathematics, CENGAGE Learning India Pvt Ltd.Publishers


PAGE 5 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Engineering Mathematics Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 10MAT31 Total Hours: 62

PERIOD

NO TOPIC TO BE COVERED (IN DETAIL)

FOURIER SERIES 1 Convergence and Divergence of infinite series of positive terms 2 Definition and illustrative examples 3 Periodic functions, Even and odd functions, properties. 4 Dirichlet’s conditions, Fourier series over the ( )π2,0 –examples. 5 Fourier series over the ( )ππ ,− –examples 6 Fourier series over the ( )l2,0 –examples 7 Fourier series over the ( )ll,− –examples 8 Half Range Fourier Cosine series over the ( )ππ ,− –examples 9 Half Range Fourier Cosine series over the ( )ll,− –examples 10 Half Range Fourier Sine series over the ( )ππ ,− and ( )ll,− –examples 11 Practical Harmonic Analysis-Problems

FOURIER TRANSFORMS 12 Finite Fourier Transforms-Examples 13 Infinite Fourier transforms – properties and examples 14 Fourier Sine transforms –examples 15 Fourier Cosine transforms –examples 16 Inverse Fourier Sine transforms –examples 17 Inverse Fourier Cosine transforms –examples

APPICATIONS OF PDE 18 Derivations of One-dimensional heat equation -examples 19 Derivations of One-dimensional wave equation -examples 20 Various possible solutions by method of separation of variables 21 D’Alemberts solution of wave equation 22 Two dimensional Lap lace’s equation-examples 23 Various possible solutions 24 Solutions boundary value problems

CURVE FITTING AND OPTIMIZATION 25 Curve fitting by the method of Least Squares: y= a+bx- problems. 26 y = a.ebx , y = axb - problems, 27 y=a+bx+cx2 - problems 28 Optimization: Linear programming 29 Mathematical formulation of linear programming problem(LPP) 30 Graphical method and simplex method 31 Problems

NUMERICAL METHODS-1 32 Numerical solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations 33 Newton-Raphson method - examples 34 Regula-Falsi method -examples 35 Solutions of linear simultaneous equations: Gauss elimination method 36 Gauss Jordon method - examples


PAGE 6 MVJCE

PERIOD

NO TOPIC TO BE COVERED (IN DETAIL)

37 Gauss- Seidal iterative method 38 Definition of Eigen values and eigen vectors of square matrix –problems 39 Largest eigen value and eigen vector Rayleigh’ power method NUMERICAL METHODS-2

40 Finite differences interpolation : Forward interpolation-examples 41 Backward Interpolation- examples 42 Divided Differences- Newton’s divided difference formula 43 Lagrange’s Interpolation- examples 44 Lagrange’s Inverse Interpolation-examples 45 Numerical Differentiation using Forward interpolation formula-examples 46 Numerical Differentiation using Backward interpolation formula- Examples 47 Numerical Integration-Simpson’s one third and three eighth rule-examples 48 Numerical Integration-Waddle’s rule

NUMERICAL METHODS-3 49 Numerical solutions of PDE 50 Problems 51 Finite difference approximation to derivatives 52 Numerical solution of two dimensional Laplace’s equation 53 One dimensional heat equations 54 One dimensional wave equations 55 Problems

DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND Z TRANSFORMS 56 Difference equations-Basic definitions 57 Z-transforms-Definition, standard Z-transforms 58 Linearity property, Damping rule 59 Shifting rule, Initial value and Final value theorem 60 Inverse Z-transforms 61 Problems 62 Application of Z- Transforms to solve differential equations.


PAGE 7 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

PART-A

UNIT – I FOURIER SERIES

Obtain the Fourier expansion of the following functions over the

indicated interval. a) f(x) = 0, -π<x<0

x2, 0<x<π

b) f(x) = xCosx over (-π π)

c) f(x) = sinax, a is not an integer over (-π π)

d) f(x) = 0, -π<x<0 x, 0<x<π and hence deduce π2/8 = Σ1/(2n-1)2

e) f(x) = 0, -π<x<0 Sinx, 0<x<π and hence

deduce (π-2)/4 =1/(1.3)-1/(3.5)+1/(5.7)--------------

f) f(x) = 1+Sinx over (-1 1) g) f(x) = 1+2x, -3<x<0

1-2x, 0<x<3 over (-3 3)

h) f(x) = x-x2 over (-l l )

i) f(x) = x Cosx over ( 0 2π )

j) f(x) = √(1-Cosx) over ( 0 2π ) and hence prove that Σ 1/(4n2-1)

= 1/2

k) f(x) = 2x-x2 over (0 3) l) f(x) = Sin(x/2), 0<x<π

--Sin(x/2), π<x<2π

1. Obtain the half-range cosine series for the following functions over the given intervals i) f(x) = x Sinx over (0 π)

ii) f(x) = Cosx , 0<x<π/2 0, π/2<x<π

iii) f(x) = x2 over (0 π)

iv) f(x) = Sin(mπ/l ) x, where m is positive integer, over (0 l )

v) f(x) = ex over ( 0 1 )

vi) f(x) = x-x2 in (0 π)


PAGE 8 MVJCE

2. Obtain the half-range sine series for the following functions over the given intervals

i) f(x) = x, 0<x<π/2

π -x , π/2<x<π

ii) f(x) = x (π2 – x2) over (0 π )

iii) f(x) = ex over ( 0 1 )

iv) f(x) = Sin(mπ/l ) x, where m is positive integer, over (0 l )

v) f(x) = ( lx – x2) over (0 l )

3. Find the first and second harmonics for the function f(θ) defined by the following table θ 0 π/3 2π/3 π 4π/3 5π/3 2π f(θ) 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0

4. Find the Fourier series to represent y up to the second harmonic from the following data.

X 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 Y 2.34 3.01 3.68 4.15 3.69 2.20 0.83 0.51 0.88 1.09 1.19 1.64

5. Find the constant term and first three coefficients in the Fourier cosine series for the

function f(x) described by the following Table.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 f(x) 4 8 15 7 6 2

6. Obtain the Complex(exponential) Fourier series for the following functions over the given

intervals i) f(x) = Cosax over ( -π π) ii) f(x) = eax over ( -l l ) iii) f(x) = k for 0<x<l

-k for l<x<2l

iv) f(x) = ax + bx2 over ( -π π)

UNIT-II

FOURIER TRANSFORMS

><

=ax

axx

,0

, f(x) of TransformFourier theFind 8.

><

=ax

ax

,0

,1 f(x) of TransformFourier theFind 9.


PAGE 9 MVJCE

><

=ax

ax

,0

,1 f(x) of TransformFourier theFind 10.

and hence evaluate

∫

∫∞

∞

∞−

0

sin)

cossin)

s

sii

dss

sxsai

11. Find the Fourier sine and cosine Transform of x e-ax

12. State and prove the Modulation Theorem for the Fourier transforms.

13. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e-x2

14. Find the Fourier sine transform of x / (1+x2)

15. Find the Fourier cosine transform of 1/(1+x2)

16. Find f(x) if its Fourier cosine transform is 1 / (1+s2)

17. Find the Fourier transform of e-|x|

13. Find the Sine transform of e-ax /x

><−

=10

11 f(x) of ansformFourier tr theFind 14.

2

x

xx

dxx

and

∫∞

2cos

x

sinx-xcosx evaluate hence

02

15. s

-ase is transformsineFourier its if f(x) Find

UNIT-III

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Form the P.D.E. by eliminating the arbitrary constants for the following:

a)z=ax+by+ab

b) z=(x-a)2+(y-b)2

2. Form the P.D.E. by eliminating the arbitrary functions for the following:

a)xyz=f(x+y+z)

b)z=f(x)+eyg(x)

3. Solve:

a) ptanx+qtany = tanz

b) yzp+zxq=xy

c) x2(y-z)p+y2(z-x)q=z2(x-y)


PAGE 10 MVJCE

4. Solve the following non-linear equations:

a) p3-q3=0

b) p=logq

c) xp+yq=1 by using x=eu , y=ev

d) p2=qz

e) z(p2-q2)=1

f) p2-q2=x-y

g) p/x+q/y=x+y

5. Obtain the complete solution and singular solution of the equation z=px+qy+p2+q2.

6. Solve z=pxlogx+qylogy-pqxy by using x=eu,y=ev find also the singular solution.

7. Solve the following P.D.E. by the method of separation of variables:

04)

0)

2

2

=∂∂+

∂∂−

∂∂

=∂∂+

∂∂

y

u

x

u

x

ub

y

uy

x

uxa

8. Solve the following non-homogeneous P.D.E. by the method of direct integration:

yxx

ua +=

∂∂

2

2

)

0)32sin()2

3

=−++∂∂

∂yxxy

yx

zb

CHAPTER-I NUMERICAL ALGORITHAMS

1. Using the bisection method find the approximate root of the following equations.

i) x3-5x+1=0 ii) x3-4x-9=0 in (2.5 3) iii) xlog10 X=1.2 in (2 3) iv) ex-x-2=0 v) x+logx=5 vi) cosx-1.3x=0 in (0 1)

2. Using the Regula-Falsi method find the approximate root of the following equations

(correct to three decimal places)

i) xex=3 in (1 1.5) ii) x2-logx=7 iii) x3-sinx+1=0 in (-2 -1) iv) x3-2x-5=0 v) Cosx=3x-1 in (0.5 1.0)


PAGE 11 MVJCE

3. By using Regula – Falsi method find the approximate value of √3. 4. Using the Newton Raphson method find the approximate root of the following equations

(correct to three decimal places)

i) x3-8x-4 = 0 ii) cosx = xex near 0.5 iii) logx-x+3 = 0 near 0.1 iv) x3-x-1 = 0 v) xtanx = 0.5 near 0.6 vi) x2+x = cosx near 0.5

5. Evaluate the following by using Newton- Raphson method

i) √5 ii) √41 iii) (12)1/3 iv) 1/√15

6. Solve the following using Gauss Elimination method

i) x+2y-z = 3, 3x-y+2z = 1, 2x-2y+3z = 2 ii) 5x+3y+7z = 5, 3x+10y+2z = 9, 7x+2y+10z = 5 iii) 10x+2y+z = 9, 2x+20y-2z = -44, -2x+3y+10z = 22 iv) 4x-2y+6z = 8, x+y-3z = -1, 15x-3y+9z = 21

7. Solve the following systems of equations by using the Gauss-Jordan method

i) 10x+y+z = 12, x+10y+z = 12, x+y+10z = 12 ii) x+y+z = 9, 2x-3y+4z = 13, 3x+4y+5z = 40 iii) x-2y+3z = 2, 3x-y+4z = 4, 2x+y-2z = 5 iv) 2x1+x2+5x3+x4 = 5, x1+x2-3x3-4x4 = -1, 3x1+6x2-2x3+x4 =

8, 2x1+2x2+2x3-3x4 = 2 8. Employ the Crout’s method (LU- decomposition method) to solve the following equations

i) x+y+z = 3, x+2y+3z = 6, x+y+4z = 6 ii) 10x+y+2z = 13, 3x+10y+z = 14, 2x+3y+10z = 15 iii) x+y+z = 3, 2x-y+3z = 16, 3x+y-z = -3 iv) 2x+3y+z = 9, x+2y+3z = 6, 3x+y+2z = 8

9. Using the Gauss- Seidal method solve the following equations.

i) 10x+y+z = 12, x+10y+z = 12, x+y+10z = 12 ii) 20x+y-2z = 17, 3x+20y-z = -18, 2x-3y+20z = 25 iii) 5x+2y+z = 12, x+4y+2z = 15, x+2y+5z = 20 iv) 83x+11y-4z = 95,7x+52y+13z = 104, 3x+8y+29z = 71

10. Given that y/ = 1-2xy, y(0)= 0, find an approximate value y at x = 0.6 by Euler’s method

with step length h = 0.2.

11. Given that y/ = -2xy2, y(0)= 1, find an approximate value y(0.4) by Euler’s method with step length h = 0.05.

12. Given that y/ = 1+(y/x), y(1)= 2, find an approximate value y at x = 1.4 by Euler’s method with step length h = 0.2.

13. Using modified Euler’s method, solve the initial-value problem y/ = x-y2, y(0) = 1 at x = 0.2. Take step length h = 0.1


PAGE 12 MVJCE

14. Using modified Euler’s method, solve the initial-value problem y/ = x + y2, y(0) = 1 at x = 0.2. Take step length h = 0.1

15. Using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, find the solution of the problem y/ =2x-y, y(1) = 3 at the point 1.1

16. Using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, find the solution of the problem y/ =3ex+2y, y(0) = 0 at the point x=0.1

17. By employing Runge-Kutta method of order four, solve the differential equation y/ = 1+y2, y(0) = 0 to find y(0.2) and y(0.4).

18. Solve the initial value problem y/ = xy1/3, y(1) = 1 at x = 1.1 by using the Runge-Kutta method.

19. Define the Z-transform and Prove the following

i) ZT(kn)=z/(z-k) ii) ZT(nk)= -z d/dz ZT (n

k-1) iii) ZT(un+1)=z(u(z)-u0) 20. Obtain the z-transform of coshnθ and cosnθ

21. Solve the system

yxz

z

uzx

y

uzxy

x

u −=∂∂−=

∂∂+=

∂∂ 223 3,3,6

22. Solve the wave equation

)()0,(,00),(,0),0(0

2

22

2

2

xfxut

utlutu

nditionunderthecox

uc

t

u

t

==

∂∂==

∂∂=

∂∂

= where f(x) are given below: a) λx(l-x) b) 2sin(3πx/2l)cos(3πx/2l)

23 Solve the wave equation utt=4uxx given that the string of length π is initially at rest and the initial deflection f(x) are below:

a) 2sin(x/2)cos(x/2)cos(x/2) + 2sin(3x/2)cos(3x/2) b) 4sin3x c) x(π-x) in 0≤x≤π

24. A tightly stretched string of length πfastened at both endsis set into vibration by pulling the mid point to distance h and releasing it from rest. Find the expression for the displacement at any subsequent time t. 25. A string of length 2l is initially at rest the motion of the string is started by displacing the string into form x(2l-x) then released from rest. Find the displacement at any time.

26.A string of length 1 is fixed tightly between two points x=0 and x=1. The points x=1/3and x=2/3 are pulled to one side through a small distance k and let go. Find the motion.


PAGE 13 MVJCE

LINEAR ALGEBRA

1. Find the ranks of the following matrices by elementary row transformations.

4115

3103

1012

6128

)a

2. Find the ranks of the following matrices by reducing it to the normal form.

10587

6464

2341

4123

)a

3. Test for consistency and solve the following system of equations. a) x + y + z = 9 2x + 5y + 7z = 52

2x + y – z = 0

b) 4x – 2y + 6z = 8 x + y – 3z = - 1 15x - 3y + 9z = 21

c) 2x + 6y + 11 = 0 6x + 20y –6z + 3 = 0 6y – 18z + 1 = 0

4. Find the values of λ and µ such that the following system of equations, 2x + 3y + 5z = 9, 7x + 3y – 2z = 8, 2x + 3y + λz = µ

d) Unique solution b) Many solution c) No solution.

5. Find all eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors for the following matrices.

−−

−

425

313

132

)a

11-3

010

001

)b

6. For the following matrices verify Cayley Hamilton theorem and also compute the inverse.

22-5

5-615-

11-3

)a

121

1-43

432

)b


PAGE 14 MVJCE

7. Use Rayleigh’s power method to determine the largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector of the following matrices.

200

021

161

)a

1012

1102

1210

)b

8. Solve the following using Gauss Elimination method e) x+2y-z = 3, 3x-y+2z = 1, 2x-2y+3z = 2 f) 5x+3y+7z = 5, 3x+10y+2z = 9, 7x+2y+10z = 5 g) 10x+2y+z = 9, 2x+20y-2z = -44, -2x+3y+10z = 22 h) 4x-2y+6z = 8, x+y-3z = -1, 15x-3y+9z = 21

9. Solve the following systems of equations by using the Gauss-Jordan method

i) 10x+y+z = 12, x+10y+z = 12, x+y+10z = 12 j) x+y+z = 9, 2x-3y+4z = 13, 3x+4y+5z = 40 k) x-2y+3z = 2, 3x-y+4z = 4, 2x+y-2z = 5 l) 2x1+x2+5x3+x4 = 5, x1+x2-3x3-4x4 = -1, 3x1+6x2-2x3+x4 = 8, 2x1+2x2+2x3-3x4 = 2

10. Employ the Crout’s method (LU- decomposition method) to solve the following equations

m) x+y+z = 3, x+2y+3z = 6, x+y+4z = 6 n) 10x+y+2z = 13, 3x+10y+z = 14, 2x+3y+10z = 15 o) x+y+z = 3, 2x-y+3z = 16, 3x+y-z = -3 p) 2x+3y+z = 9, x+2y+3z = 6, 3x+y+2z = 8

11. Using the Gauss- Seidal method solve the following equations.

q) 10x+y+z = 12, x+10y+z = 12, x+y+10z = 12 r) 20x+y-2z = 17, 3x+20y-z = -18, 2x-3y+20z = 25 s) 5x+2y+z = 12, x+4y+2z = 15, x+2y+5z = 20 t) 83x+11y-4z = 95,7x+52y+13z = 104, 3x+8y+29z = 71

Calculus of variation;

1. Define the following:

a) Variation of a function

b) Extremal of a function.

c) Variational problem

2. Derive the Euler’s equation.

3. Find the extremal of functional

2)1(,0)0(

,0,])'(}1)'{(3[ 31

0

22

==

≠+−= ∫

yy

nsheconditiosubjecttot

ydxyyyxyI


PAGE 15 MVJCE

4. Find the extremals of the following functions:

dxy

yc

dxyyyyb

dxyyxa

x

x

x

x

x

x

∫

∫

∫

+

−+

++

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

2

22

2

)'(

1)

}16'2)'{()

)'()

5. Show that the general solution of the Euler’s equation for the functional

.222' )(11 2

1

0

ByAAxdxisyy

x

x

=+−+∫

6. Show that an extremal of

dxyyfx

x∫ +1

2

2)'(1)(

Where y has fixed values at x=x1 , x2is equal

BxyfA

dy −=−∫

1)({ 2

where A and B are constants.

7. Show that an extremal of

dxy

yx

x∫2

12

2)'(

can be expressed in the form y=AeBx

8. Find the extremal of the functional

dxyxI )( 21

0

2∫ +=

under the conditions y(0)=0, y(1)=0 and subject to the constraint

.21

0

2 =∫ dxy

9. Find the extremal value of

dxyx

x∫2

1

2)'(

under the conditions y(x1)=y1,y(x2)=y2 and subject to the constraints

,2

1

2 adxyx

x

=∫ a constant.

10. Find the plane curve of length l joining the points(x1,y1)and (x2,y2) which,when rotated

about the x axis,will give minimum area.


PAGE 16 MVJCE

11. Of all closed plane curves enclosing a given area A,show that the circle is the one which

has minimum length.

12. Find the extremal of

{.1)2/(',0)0(',0)2/(,1)0(

.})''() 222/

0

2

−====

+−= ∫

ππ

π

yyyy

dxxyyIa


PAGE 17 MVJCE

10 CV32– BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY


PAGE 18 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code: 10CV32 I A Marks: 25 Hours / Week: 05 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hours: 62 Exam Marks: 100

Unit I

FOUNDATION Function and requirements of a good foundation, Types of foundations, Preliminary investigation of soil, Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil, Introduction to spread, combined, strap, mat and pile foundations, Design of strip and combined footings 06 Hr

Unit II

MASONRY Classification of Masonry, Definition of terms used in Masonry, Introduction to classification and qualities of bricks, Bonds in Brick work - English Bond, Flemish Bond, Reinforced, Brick Masonry, Common building stones, their properties and uses, Classification of stone masonry, Joints in stone masonry, Introduction to load bearing, cavity and partition walls 08 Hr

Unit III ARCHES, LINTEL AND BALCONY Elements of an arch, Classification of arches, Stability of arch, Definition and classification of Lintels, Definition and functions of Chejja, Canopy & Balcony. 06 Hr

Unit IV

ROOFS AND FLOORS Types of Roofs & Roofing materials, Flat roof (RCC), Types of pitched roofs, Wooden Truss, Steel trusses, Types of flooring, Factors affecting selection of flooring materials. 07 Hr

PART - B

Unit V DOORS AND WINDOWS Location of doors and windows, Definition of technical terms, Types of Doors, Types of windows, Varieties of materials for doors and windows & their properties. 06 Hr

Unit VI STAIRS Definition of technical terms, Requirements of ground stair, Types of Stairs, Geometrical design of RCC Dog legged and open well stairs (Plain and sector elevation). 06 Hr


PAGE 19 MVJCE

Unit VII PLASTERING AND PAINTING Purpose of plastering, Materials of plastering, Methods of plastering, Defects in plastering, Introduction to Paintings and types of Painting, Constituents of paints & types, Purpose of Painting, Defects in Painting, Application of Paints to new and old surfaces. 06 Hr

Unit VIII MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS Properties and uses of plastics, aluminum, glasses, varnishes, Introduction to smart materials and its application, Introduction to formwork and scaffolding, Formwork details for RCC Column, Beams and Floors, Shoring and under pinning, Damp Proofing - Causes of Dampness, Effects of Dampness, Methods of Damp Proofing 07 Hr Test books:

1. Engineering Materials – Rangwala P C; Charter Publishing House, Anand, India. 2. Engineering Materials – Sushil Kumar; Standard Publication and Distributors, New

Delhi. 3. Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice – M S Shetty; S Chand and Co; New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. A Text Book Building Materials, by P.G. Varghese, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., Publication.

2. Advances in Building Materials and Construction by Mohan Rai and M.P. Jain Singh – publication by CBRI, Roorkee.

3. Concrete Technology, Neville A.M and Brooks J.J –– ELBS Edition. London 4. Concrete Technology – Gambhir M.L –Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi.


PAGE 20 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Building Materials & Construction Technology Hours / Week: 5 Subject Code: 10CV32 Total Hours:62

Period

No Topics to be covered

Foundation

1. Function and requirements of a good foundation 2. Types of foundations 3. Preliminary investigation of soil, Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil 4. Introduction to spread, combined, strap, mat and pile foundations 5. Design of strip and combined footings 6. Preliminary Investigation of Soil 7. Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil

Masonry

8. Classification of Masonry 9. Definition of terms used in Masonry 10. Introduction to classification and qualities of bricks 11. Bonds in Brick work - English Bond, Flemish Bond 12. Reinforced, Brick Masonry 13. Common building stones, their properties and uses 14. Common building stones, their properties and uses 15. Classification of stone masonry 16. Joints in stone masonry 17. Introduction to load bearing, cavity and partition walls 18. Definition of terms used in masonry

Arches, Lintel And Balcony

19. Elements of an arch, , , , , 20. Classification of arches 21. Stability of arch 22. Definition and classification of Lintels 23. Definition and classification of Lintels 24. Definition and functions of Chejja 25. Canopy & Balcony.

Roofs And Floors

26. Types of Roofs & Roofing materials 27. Types of Roofs & Roofing materials 28. Flat roof (RCC) 29. Types of pitched roofs 30. Wooden Truss 31. Steel trusses 32. Types of flooring 33. Factors affecting selection of flooring materials


PAGE 21 MVJCE

Period


Doors and Windows

34. Location of doors and windows, , , , 35. Definition of technical terms 36. Types of Doors 37. Types of windows 38. Varieties of materials for doors and windows & their properties. 39. Varieties of materials for doors and windows & their properties 40. Varieties of materials for doors and windows & their properties

Stairs

41. Definition of technical terms 42. Requirements of ground stair 43. Types of Stairs 44. Types of Stairs

45. Geometrical design of RCC Dog legged and open well stairs (Plain and sector elevation).



Plastering and Painting

48. Purpose of plastering, Materials of plastering, , , , , , 49. Methods of plastering 50. Defects in plastering 51. Introduction to Paintings and types of Painting 52. Constituents of paints & types 53. Purpose of Painting, Defects in Painting 54. Application of Paints to new and old surfaces

Miscellaneous Topics

55. Properties and uses of plastics, aluminum, glasses, varnishes 56. Introduction to smart materials and its application 57. Introduction to formwork and scaffolding 58. , Formwork details for RCC Column 59. Beams and Floors, Shoring and under pinning 60. Damp Proofing - Causes of Dampness 61. Effects of Dampness 62. Methods of Damp Proofing


PAGE 22 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

1. Compare Brickwork and Stonework. 2. How are bricks classified? Briefly explain. 3. What are the constituents of good brick earth? State the harmful ingredients in brick

earth. 4. Discuss the operation of preparation of clay for the manufacture of bricks. 5. Describe the two ways of moulding the bricks. 6. How are bricks dried? 7. Discuss the process of manufacture of burning bricks in clamps. 8. Briefly explain the working of Bull’s Trench kiln for burning of bricks. 9. With the help of a neat sketch explain Hoffman’s kiln for the burning of bricks. 10. Compare Clamp burning and kiln burning. 11. Compare Bull’s Trench kiln and Hoffman’s kiln. 12. Give sketches of the following:

1) Pug mill 2) Intermittent kiln 3) Bull’s Trench kiln 4) Hoffman’s kiln 5) Perforated bricks

13. Write short notes on: 1) Tempering 2) Frog 3) Ground- moulded bricks 4) Tunnel kiln 5) Size and weight of bricks

14. Explain the tests to which the brick are generally subjected. 15. What are the uses of various types of bricks 16. Write a critical note on the colour of the bricks. 17. What are the different shapes in which the bricks are formed? 18. What are the various types of tiles? 19. How are tiles manufactured? 20. What are the characteristics of a good tile? 21. Define: 22. 1) Timber 2) Soft wood 3) Hard woods 4) Pith 23. 5) Sap wood 6) Medullary rays 7) Cambium layer 24. How are trees classified? 25. Compare soft woods with hard woods 26. Enumerate the various defects in timber. 27. Describe the defects in timber due to fungi 28. What are the various forces responsible for causing natural defects in timber? Explain

such natural defects of timber. 29. What are the constituents of ordinary Portland cement? What are its functions? 30. What is heat of hydration? Explain its importance? 31. List physical properties of cement and bring out their salient features 29. What are the tests conducted for physical properties of cement? Explain. 30. List different types of cement and mention their uses. 31. What do you understand by grade of concrete? What are the different grades of cement

that are available in the market?

32. Explain ‘Bulking of sand’. What is its significance? 33. State and explain mechanical properties of aggregate. 34. Give required characteristics of good aggregate to make a concrete of good quality. 35. What is fineness modulus? Explain how testing of fine aggregate is done in the

laboratory? What is its significance?


PAGE 23 MVJCE

36. What do you understand by the term “ water cement ratio”? Discuss how the quantity of water affects the strength of concrete mix.

37. Define “workability of concrete” and state the method of determining the workability of concrete.

38. What are the factors that affect the workability of concrete? 39. Explain with respect to workability what do you understand by 1) True slump 2) Shear

slump 3) Collapse slump (explain their practical significance) 40. Briefly explain the principal properties of good concrete, their relationship and the

elements that control them. 41. Explain what is meant by setting and hardening of concrete? 42. Discuss briefly different admixtures used in concrete and mention its uses.

43. What are the properties of hardened concrete and its significance? 44. What are the tests conducted on hardened concrete? Explain 45. What is curing of concrete? What are different types of curing? 46. What is concrete mix design? What are the basic considerations for mix design? 47. How do you determine the modulus of elasticity of concrete in the laboratory? 48. Define the term “ creep of concrete” and what is its significance? 49. What is shrinkage of concrete? What are types of shrinkage of concrete? 50. What are the factors effecting the shrinkage of concrete? List the method by which

they can be minimized. 51. What is durability of concrete and explain the factors that affect the durability of

concrete? 52. What influence do the following have on the strength of cement concrete 1) size of

aggregate 2) shape of aggregate 3) proportion of aggregate 53. Draw a typical stress- strain curve of concrete. Mark salient points 54. Explain Alkali-Aggregate Reaction. What is its effect on concrete? 55. What is permeability of concrete? Explain the factors contributing for this. Also explain

how this affects the durability and strength of concrete. 56. What is meant by free flow micro – concrete? 57. Explain the various electrical, thermal and sound insulating materials


PAGE 24 MVJCE

10 CV33 – STRENGTH OF MATERIALS


PAGE 25 MVJCE

SYLLABUS


UNIT I

SIMPLE STRESS AND STRAIN: 1.1 Introduction, 1.2 Properties of Materials, 1.3 Stress, Strain, Hook’s law, 1.4 Poisson’s Ratio, 15 Stress – Strain Diagram for structural steel and non ferrous materials, 1.6 Principles of superposition, 1.7 Total elongation of tapering bars of circular and rectangular cross sections. Elongation due to self – weight 07 hrs

UNIT II SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS continued….. 2.1 Composite section, 2.2 Volumetric strain, expression for volumetric strain, 2.3 Elastic constants, relationship among elastic constants, 2.4 Thermal stresses (including thermal stresses in compound bars). 06 hrs

UNIT III

COMPOUND STRESSES

3.1 Introduction, 3.2 Stress components on inclined planes, 3.3 General two-dimensional stress system, 3.4 Principal planes and stresses, 3.5 Mohr’s circle of stresses. 08 hrs

UNIT IV BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE IN BEAMS 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 Types of beams loadings and supports, 4.3 Shearing force in beam, 4.4 Bending moment, 4.5 Sign convention, 4.6 Relationship between loading, shear force and bending moment, 4.7 Shear force and bending moment equations, SFD and BMD with salient values for cantilever beams, simply supported beams and overhanging beams considering point loads, UDL, UVL and Couple. 07 hrs

UNIT V BENDING STRESS AND SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

5.1 Introduction – Bending stress in beam, 5.2 Assumptions in simple bending theory, 5.3 Pure bending derivation of Bernoulli’s equation, 5.4 Modulus of rupture, section modulus, 5.5 Flexural rigidity, 5.6 Expression for horizontal shear stress in beam, 5.7 Shear stress diagram for rectangular, symmetrical ‘I’ and ‘T’ section (Flitched beams not included) 06 hrs


PAGE 26 MVJCE

UNIT VI DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

6.1 Introduction – Definitions of slope, deflection, 6.2 Elastic curvederivation of differential equation of flexture, 6.3 Sign convention 6.4 Slope and deflection for standard loading classes using Macaulay’s method for prismatic beams and overhanging beams subjected to point loads, UDL and Couple. 06 hrs

UNIT VII

TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS 7.1 Introduction – Pure torsion-torsion equation of circular shafts, 7.2 Strength and stiffness, 7.3 Torsional rigidity and polar modulus, 7.4 Power transmitted by shaft of solid and hollow circular sections. 06 hrs

UNIT VIII ELASTIC STABILITY OF COLUMNS 8.1 Introduction – Short and long columns, 8.2 Euler’s theory on columns, 8.3 Effective length slenderness ration, 8.4 radius of gyration, buckling load, 8.5 Assumptions, derivations of Euler’s Buckling load for different end conditions, 8.6 Limitations of Euler’s theory, 8.7 Rankine’s formula and problems. 06 hrs TEXT BOOKS:

1. Strength of Materials, Subramanyam, Oxford University Press, Edition 2008 2. Mechanics of Materials, B.C Punmia Ashok Jain, Arun Jain, Lakshmi Publications, New

Delhi. 3. Strength of Materials, Basavarajaiah and Mahadevappa Universities Press (2009).

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Strength of Materials, Singer Harper and Row Publications. 2. Elements of Strength of Materials, Timoshenko and Young Affliated East-West Press. 3. Mechanics of Materials, James M. Gere (5th Edition), Thomson Learning


PAGE 27 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Strength of Materials Hours / Week: 5 Subject Code: 10CV33 Total Hours:62

Period


Simple Stress And Strain 1. 1.1 Introduction, 1.2 Properties of Materials 2. 1.3 Stress, Strain, Hook’s law

3. 1.4 Poisson’s Ratio, 1.5 Stress – Strain Diagram for structural steel and non ferrous materials

4. 1.4 Poisson’s Ratio, 1.5 Stress – Strain Diagram for structural steel and non ferrous materials

5. 1.6 Principles of superposition 6. 1.7 Total elongation of tapering bars of circular and rectangular cross sections 7. 1.7 Total elongation of tapering bars of circular and rectangular cross sections 8. Elongation due to self – weight

Simple Stresses And Strains Continued…..

8. 2.1 Composite section 9. 2.2 Volumetric strain, expression for volumetric strain 10. 2.3 Elastic constants, relationship among elastic constants 11. 2.3 Elastic constants, relationship among elastic constants 12. 2.4 Thermal stresses (including thermal stresses in compound bars) 13. 2.4 Thermal stresses (including thermal stresses in compound bars)

Compound Stresses

14. 3.1 Introduction 15. 3.2 Stress components on inclined planes 16. 3.3 General two-dimensional stress system 17. 3.3 General two-dimensional stress system 18. 3.4 Principal planes and stresses 19. 3.4 Principal planes and stresses 20. 3.5 Mohr’s circle of stresses 21. 3.5 Mohr’s circle of stresses

Bending Moment And Shear Force In Beams 22. 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 Types of beams loadings and supports, , 23. 4.2 Types of beams loadings and supports 24. 4.3 Shearing force in beam, 25. 4.4 Bending moment, 26. 4.5 Sign convention, 27. 4.6 Relationship between loading, shear force and bending moment, 28. 4.7 Shear force and bending moment equations, 29. SFD and BMD with salient values for cantilever beams 30. SFD and BMD with salient values for simply supported beams

31. SFD and BMD with salient values for overhanging beams considering point loads

32. SFD and BMD with salient values for UDL, UVL and Couple. 33. Problems


PAGE 28 MVJCE

Period No Topics to be covered

Deflection Of Beams

34. 5.1 Introduction – Bending stress in beam 35. 5.2 Assumptions in simple bending theory

36. 5.3 Pure bending derivation of Bernoulli’s equation, 5.4 Modulus of rupture, section modulus,

37. 5.5 Flexural rigidity, 5.6 Expression for horizontal shear stress in beam,

38. 5.7 Shear stress diagram for rectangular, symmetrical ‘I’ and ‘T’ section (Flitched beams not included)

39. 6.1 Introduction – Definitions of slope, deflection 40. Definitions of slope, deflection 41. 6.2 Elastic curve derivation of differential equation of flexure 42. 6.3 Sign convention 43. Problems

44. 6.4 Slope and deflection for standard loading classes using Macaulay’s method for prismatic beams and overhanging beams subjected to point loads, UDL and Couple.



Torsion Of Circular Shafts

47. 7.1 Introduction – Pure torsion-torsion equation of circular shafts 48. 7.1 Introduction – Pure torsion-torsion equation of circular shafts 49. 7.2 Strength and stiffness 50. 7.3 Torsional rigidity and polar modulus 51. 7.4 Power transmitted by shaft of solid and hollow circular sections 52. 7.4 Power transmitted by shaft of solid and hollow circular sections 53. 7.4 Power transmitted by shaft of solid and hollow circular sections

Elastic Stability Of Columns

54. 8.1 Introduction – Short and long columns 55. 8.2 Euler’s theory on columns 56. 8.3 Effective length slenderness ration 57. 8.4 radius of gyration, buckling load 58. Problems

59. 8.5 Assumptions, derivations of Euler’s Buckling load for different end conditions

60. Problems 61. 8.6 Limitations of Euler’s theory 62. 8.7 Rankine’s formula


PAGE 29 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

1. Define Stress, Strain and State Hooke’s Law. 2. Explain with an example the difference between lateral strain and longitudinal strain and

hence define Poisson’s ratio. 3. A bar of diameter 20mm and length 100mm extends by 0.2 mm. If E of the materials of

the rod is 2x 105 N/mm2, what load and type of load applied to the rod? If an extension of 20% greater is required for the same load applied above, how the diameter of the bar need to be reduced.

4. What is proof stress? Explain the concept of proof stress with the help of a stress strain diagram.

5. Derive an expression for the elongation of a vertically Supported bar due to its self-weight.

6. Find the total elongation of a bar shown in Fig 1. Take E= 1.05 X 105 N/mm2.

7. Define Principal Plane and Principal Stress." All Principal Stresses are normal Stress, but

all normal Stresses are not Principle Stresses" State Whether this Statement is true or false Justify your answer.

8. Explain the step by step procedure for drawing Mohr’s Circle diagram for an element under combined stresses as shown in fig 2, to find the principal stresses and principal planes.

9. An element is subjected to stresses as shown in fig. 3 Determine (i) Principal Stresses

and their directions analytically. (ii) Find the normal and tangential Stress on the plane BC graphically.


PAGE 30 MVJCE

10. What is abeam? How are they classified? What are the different types of loads a beam

can carry or which can apply on it. 11. Enumerate the assumptions made in theory of pure bending. 12. Define Section modules of rupture. Derive an expression for the section of a hollow

rectangular Cross section as shown in Fig 5

13. A cast Iron test beam 25mm X 25mm Cross Section and 1 m long, supported at its ends

fails when a central load of 800 N is applied on it. What UDL will break a Cantilever of the same materials 50 mm Wide and 100mm deep and 2m long?

14. What is flexural rigidity? What are the different methods of finding the slope and deflection of beams? Find expressions for slope and deflection for a Cantilever beam with a point load P at its free end as shown in fig. 6, by double integral method.

15. A Cantilever beam of length 3m, Carries an UDL of 3000 N/m for a length of 1.5 m

from its fixed end and a point load of 1500 N at its free end. If the Cross Section of the beam is a rectangle of 150mm Wide and 300mm deep, find the deflection of the beam at its free end. Take E=1.05 X105 N/mm2.

16. Define torsional rigidity and polar modulus. 17. What are the assumptions made in the theory of pure tension? 18. Explain each term in the relation.

T/Ip = C/r = C@/1 with units.

19. A hollow shaft has an outside diameter ‘d’ and inside diameter half of it. Calculate the minimum Value of d, if it is to transmit 400kw at 100rpm with a working stress of 40 N/mm2. Determine the twist in a length of 15 times the external diameter, take C=1 X105 N/mm2.

20. What is meant by thin and thick Cylinders? Derive an expression for longitudinal and loop stress for a thin Cylinder of diameter ‘d’ thickness ‘t’ under the influence of an internal pressure p.


PAGE 31 MVJCE

21. A pipe of 500mm internal diameter and 75mm thick is filled with a fluid at a pressure of 6 N/mm2. Find the maximum and minimum hoop stress across the Cross Section of the Cylinder, Also Sketch the radial pressure and hoop stress distribution across its thickness.

22. Derive an expression to show the relationship between Young’s modulus. Bulk modulus. Rigidity modulus and Poisson’s ratio.

23. A steel rod is of 18m long at a temperature of 25% c. Find the free expansion of the length when the temperature is raised to 85% c. Also find the temperature stress produced.

(i) When the expansion is fully prevented. (ii) When the rod is permitted to expand by 4.5mm. Take a = 12x

106 per 0C, E = 200 KN/mm2. 24. Define Neutral axis and moment of resistance. Also mention the assumptions made in

the theory of pure bending. 25. A rolled steel joist of I section has the following dimensions:

Flange 250mm wide and 25mm thick. Web of 15mm thickness and has an overall depth of 650mm.

If this beam carries a UDL of 50 KN/m on a span of 6m. Calculate the maximum bending stress produced.

26. Derive an expression for the slope and deflection at the free end of a cantilever loaded by a UDL throughout its span.

27. A steel shaft transmits 125KW at 175 rpm. The diameter of shaft is 100mm. determine the torque on the shaft and the maximum shearing stress indeed. Also calculate the twist of the shaft in a length of 6m. Take C= 8.5 X 104 N/mm2.

28. A load of 270 KN is acting on a short RCC column of size 200mm X 200mm. The column is reinforced with 10 bars of 12mm diameter. Determine the stresses in steel and concrete if modulus of elasticity of steel is 16.5 times of that of concrete.

29. Draw the Mohr’s circle for two unequal like principal stresses acting on a body. Get the expressions for normal and tangential stresses.

30. Differential between thin and thick cylinders. Also explain hoop stress and longitudinal stress in connection with thin cylinders. Draw neat sketches. Write the expression.

31. Derive an expression for Euler’s formula for a column when one end is fixed and the other end is hinged.

32. Find the shortest length L for a pin ended steel column having a cross section of 70mm X 110mm for which Euler’s formula applies. Take E = 2.1 X 105 N/mm2 and critical proportional limit is 250 N/mm2.

33. Derive an expression for the theory of pure torsion. 34. A steel bar of 2mm diameter is subjected to a tensile test. Determine stress. Strain, E %

Elongation from the following data. i. Gauge length 200mm

ii. Extension at a load of 100KN = 0.140mm iii. Total Extension = 50mm.

Also determine the percentage decrease in area if the diameter of rod at failure is 16mm. Further determine the breaking load if ultimate stress of bar material is 600N/mm2.

35. Two vertical rods one of steel and the other of copper are each rigidly fixed at top and are 500mm apart. Diameter and length of each rod are 20mm and 3.5m respectively. A cross bar is fixed at the lower ends of the rods.

i. Determine the location of a 5000N load to be placed on the cross bar so than the cross bar remains horizontal. Calculate the corresponding stresses in both the rods.


PAGE 32 MVJCE

10 CV34 – SURVEYING-I


PAGE 33 MVJCE

SYLLABUS


UNIT I

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Surveying, 1.2 Classification of Surveys, 1.3 Uses of Surveying Units of Measurements, 1.4 Map & Classification, 1.5 Survey of India topographical Maps and their numbering., 1.6 Basic principles of surveying, 1.7 Errors, Classification, 1.8 Precision and accuracy. 04 Hr

UNIT II MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES 2.1 Chain and types, 2.2 Tape and types, 2.3 EDM devices, 2.3 Ranging of lines 2.4 Direct and Indirect, 2.5 Measurement of distances over sloping grounds, 2.6 Chain and Tape corrections - Numerical problems. 05 Hr

UNIT III CHAIN SURVEYING 3.1 Accessories required, 3.2 Selection of stations and lines, 3.3 Offsets and types 3.4 Setting out of right angles, 3.5 Working principle and use of optical square, prism square, cross staff., 3.6 Linear methods of setting out right angles, 3.7 Booking of chain survey work, 3.8 Field book, entries, conventional symbols, 3.9 Obstacles in chain survey, Numerical problems, 3.10 Errors in chain survey and precautions to be taken. 07 Hr

UNIT IV COMPASS SURVEYING 4.1 Meridians and bearings, 4.2 Principle, working and use of – Prismatic compass 4.3 Surveyor’s compass, 4.4 Magnetic bearing, true bearings, 4.5 WCB and Reduced bearing. 4.6 Dip and Declination 4.7 Accessories required for compass surveying, 4.8 Traverse - closed and open traverse 4.9 Computation of bearings of legs of closed traverse given the bearing of one of the legs, 4.10 Computation of included angles given the bearings of legs of a closed traverse. 06 Hr

PART – B

UNIT V COMPASS TRAVERSING CONTINUED…. 5.1 Local attraction, determination and corrections, 5.2 Dependent and independent co-ordinates, 5.3 Checks for closed traverse and determination of closing error and its direction 5.4 Bowditch’s graphical method of adjustment of closed traverse, 5.5 Bowditch’s rule and transit rule, 5.6 Omitted measurements (Only Length and corresponding bearing of one line). 08 Hr


PAGE 34 MVJCE

UNIT VI

INTRODUCTION TO LEVELLING 6.1 Principles and basic definitions, 6.2 Fundamental axes and part of a dumpy level, 6.3 Types of adjustments and objectives, 6.4 Temporary adjustments of a dumpy level, 6.5 Sensitiveness of bubble tube, 6.6 Curvature and refraction correction, 6.7 Type of leveling, 6.8 Simple leveling, 6.9 Reciprocal leveling, 6.10 Profile leveling, 6.11 Cross sectioning, 6.12 Fly leveling, 07 Hr

UNIT VII REDUCTION OF LEVELLING CONTINUED…. 7.1 Booking of levels 7.2 Rise and fall method and Height of instrument method 7.3 comparison Arithmetic checks 7.4 Fly back leveling., 7.5 Errors and precautions. 06 Hr CONTOURING 7.6 Contours and their characteristics, 7.7 Methods of contouring, 7.8 direct and indirect methods, 7.9 Interpolation techniques, 7.10 Uses of contours 7.11 Numerical problems on determining intervisibility, 7.12 Grade contours and uses. 04 Hr

UNIT VIII PLANE TABLE SURVEYING 8.1 Plane table and accessories, 8.2 Advantages and limitations of plane table survey, 8.3 Orientation and methods of orientation, 8.4 Methods of plotting – Radiation, Intersection, Traversing, 8.5 Resection method, 8.6 Two point and three point problems, 8.7 Solution to two point problem by graphical method, 8.8 Solution to three point problem Bessel’s graphical method, 8.9 Errors in plane table survey. 05 Hr TEXT BOOKS:

1. ‘Surveying’ Vol–1 – B.C. Punmia , Laxmi Publications, New Delhi. 2. Surveying and Levelling – R Subramanian. Oxford University Press (2007) 3. Text Book of Surveying – C. Venkataramiah. Universities Press.(2009 Reprint)

. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fundamentals of Surveying - Milton O. Schimidt – Wong, Thomson Learning. 2. Fundamentals of Surveying - S.K. Roy – Prentice Hall of India. 3. Surveying Vol. I, S.K. Duggal, Tata McGraw Hill - Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. * Survey of India Publication on maps.


PAGE 35 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Surveying - I Hours / Week: 5 Subject Code: 10CV34 Total Hours:62

Period No. Topic to be covered

UNIT: I (Introduction) 1. Definition of surveying, classification of surveys. 2. Uses of surveying, Units of measurements, Maps and Classification 3. Survey of India topographical maps and their numbering 4. Basic principles of surveying, 5. Errors-classification-precision and accuracy

UNIT: II (Measurement of horizontal distances) 6. Chain and tapes 7. Tape and types 8. EDM devices 9. Ranging of lines-Direct and Indirect 10. Measurement of distances over sloping grounds 11. Chain and tape corrections- Numerical problems UNIT: III (Chain Surveying) 12. Accessories required 13. Selection of stations and lines 14. Offsets and types 15. Setting out of right angles, working principle and use of optical square, prism

square, cross staff 16. linear methods of setting out right angles 17. Booking of chain survey work- field book, entries, conventional symbols 18. Obstacles in chain survey- Numerical problems 19. Obstacles in chain survey- Numerical problems 20. Errors in chain survey and precaution to be taken UNIT: IV (Compass Surveying) 21. Meridians and bearings 22. Principle, working and use of prismatic compass-surveyor’s compass 23. Magnetic bearing, True bearing 24. WCB and Reduced bearing, Dip and Declination 25. Accessories required for compass Surveying, Traverse-closed and open traverse 26. Computation of bearings of legs of closed traverse given the bearing of one of

the legs 27. Related problems 28. Computation of included angles given the bearings of legs of a closed traverse 29. Related problems


PAGE 36 MVJCE

Period

No. Topic to be covered

UNIT: V (Compass Traversing) 30. Local attraction, determination and corrections 31. Related problems on local attraction 32. Dependent and independent co-ordinates 33. Checks for closed traverse and determination of closing error and its direction 34. Bow ditch’s graphical method of adjustment of closed traverse- 35. Adjustment of closed traverse-Bowditch’s rule and transit rule 36. Omitted measurements (only length and corresponding bearing) of one line 37. Related problems on omitted measurements

UNIT: VI (Introduction to Levelling) 38. Principles and basic definition 39. Fundamental axes and parts of a dumpy level, types of adjustments and

objectives 40. Temporary adjustments of a Dumpy level 41. Sensitiveness of bubble tube, Curvature and Refraction corrections 42. Types of levelling-Simple leveling, Reciprocal leveling 43. Profile leveling, cross sectioning,fly leveling

UNIT: VII (Reduction of Levelling) 44. Booking of levels-Rise and fall method 45. Height of instrument method-comparison, Arithmetic check 46. Related problems in Height of instrument method 47. Related problem in rise and fall method 48. Fly back leveling 49. Errors and precautions 50. Contouring: Contour and their characteristics 51. Methods of contouring-direct and indirect method 52. Interpolation technique, Uses of contour 53. Numerical problems on determining indivisibility 54. Grade contours and uses

UNIT: VIII (Plane Table Surveying) 55. Plane table and accessories 56. Advantages and limitations of plane table survey 57. Orientation and methods of orientation 58. Methods of plotting-Radiation, Intersection, Traversing 59. Resection method-Two point and three point problem 60. Solution to two point problem by graphical method 61. Solution to three point problem-Bessel’s graphical method 62. Errors in plane table survey


PAGE 37 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

1.Introduction

1. Explain plane surveying and geodetic surveying. 2. Write a note on precision and accuracy in surveying. 3. What are the uses of surveying in Civil Engineering? 4. Give the classification of survey based on the equipments that are being used. 5. Explain the following

a) Topographical maps and their numbering b) Principle of working from whole to part

6. What are the basic principles of surveying? Explain with sketches.

7. Distinguish between

a) Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying b) Plan and Map c) Accuracy and Precision

8. Discuss in brief the different sources of error in chain survey 9. Sketch the map conventional signs for the following

a) Temple b) Railway double line c) Lake d) Buildings

11. Write a note on well-conditioned triangle. 12. Mention the objectives of surveying. 13. Briefly explain about the classification of maps based on scale. 14. What is a well-conditioned triangle. Examine whether a triangle having sides 80m, 60m

and 40m is well conditioned or not.

2. Measurement of horizontal distances

1. Explain with a neat sketch reciprocal ranging. 2. Explain briefly the principle of electromagnetic distance measurement. 3. Explain the principle of chain surveying. Under what circumstances the chain surveying

is more suitable? 4. Briefly explain the different tape corrections with equations. 5. What is ranging? Explain with a sketch the method of ranging a chain line with a line

ranger. 6. Describe the method of ranging between two points which are not inter visible. 7. List the various corrections applied to tape and briefly explain them. 8. Explain the following

a) Hypotenusal allowance b) Principle of Optical Square c) Principle of Prism Square

7. List the formula used to apply correction for temperature, pull and sag. Explain the terms along with their SI units.

8. Explain the types of chains. 9. What do you understand by indirect ranging? Explain a method in detail. 10. Explain the stepping method of chaining along a sloping ground. 11. Distinguish between direct and indirect ranging.


PAGE 38 MVJCE

12. The distance between two points measured along a slope is 428m. Find the horizontal distance between them if.

a. The angle of slope between the points is 8°. b. The difference in level in 60 m. c. The slope is 1 in 4

13. A survey line PQ is run along different slopes as detailed below: a. P to R, upward slope of l in 10, measured distance = 200m b. R to S, fall =25m, measured distance =227m c. S to Q elevation 6°, measured distance =232m

Calculate the horizontal distance from P to Q

14. In a Chain survey distance between two points A & B was measured along the length as 500m. Find the horizontal distance between them in the following hypothical cases. i) The angle of slope between the points A&B is 10°. ii) The difference in level between A&B is 50m iii) The slope is l in 5.

16. If the length of 250m is measured as a slope of line 4, find the horizontal length.

17. The distance between the points measured along a slope is 800m, find the distance between the points if. i) The angle of slope between the points is 10° ii) The difference in level between the points is 60m.

18. A 30m chain was found to be 0.20m too long after chaining 1525m.the same chain was

found to be 0.3m too long after chaining a total distance of 3050m. Find the correct length of total distance chained assuming that the chain was correct at the commencement of chaining.

19. Calculate the sag correction for a 30m steel tape under a pull of 100 N in three equal spans of 10m each weight of cubic cm of steel is 0.078N. Area of cross – section of tape is 0.08cm2.

20. A 30m tape weights 0.12N/m has a cross – sectional area of 0.020cm2. It measures correctly when supported throughout under a tension of 85N and at a temperature of 20°C. When used in the field the tape is only supported at its ends under a tension of 85N. The temperature is 13.5°C. What is the distance between zero and 30m mark under these conditions. ∝ =1.15*10-5/°C.

21. The length of a chain line measured with a 20m chain was 1341m. The same line was found to be 1350m long when measured with 30m, chain 20cm too short. What was the error in 20m chains?

22. A tape 20 long of standard length at 84°F was used to measure a line. The mean temperature during measurement being 63°F. The measured distance was 821.40m. The following being the slopes; 2° 15O for 100m, 4° 18O for 125m, 1°20O for 50m, 7°18O for 200m, 3°10O for 250m and 5°0O for 96.4m. Find the true length of the line if the co-efficient of expression is 62*10-7/°F


PAGE 39 MVJCE

23. To measure a base line. A steel tape 30m long standardized at 15°C with a pull of 100N was used. Find the correction per tape length if the temperature at the time of measurement was 20°C and the pull exacted was 160N. Weight of 1cm³of steel=0.0786N, weight of tape=8N, E=2.1*107 N/mm², ∝= 7.1*10-7/°C.

24. A steel tape of 30m long was standardized at a temperature of 20°C at a pull of 65N. Find the correction per tape length if the temperature and pull at the time of measurement are 25° C and 100N. Weight of 1cubic cm of steel = 0.078N c/s area of tape = 0.08sq.cm. Modulus of elasticity of Steel = 2.1*105 N/mm2. Coefficient of thermal expansion =1.16*10-5/°C.

25. A 20m chain was found to be 10cm too long after chaining a distance of 1500m. It was found to be 18cm too long at the end of days work after chaining a total distance of 2900m. Find the true distance if the chain was correct before the commencement of the work.

26. What is the correct length of a line which is measured as 350m with a 20m tape, 10cm too long?

27. The distance between two stations was measured with a 20m chain and found to be 1500m. The same was measured with a 30m chain and found to be 1476m. If the 20m chain was 5cm too short, what was the error in the 30 chain?

28. A steel tape 30m long standardized at 20°C with a pull of 100N was used to measure a base line. Find the correction per tape length if the temperature at the time of measurement was 22°C and the pull exerted was 150N. Weight of steel per meter cube =77.5kN weight of tape = 6.8N, E=2.11*105N/mm2 ∝=12*10-6/°c.

29. A steel tape of normal length 30m was used to measure a line AB by suspending it between support .If the measured length was 29. 64 m, when the slope angle was 4°30O and the mean temperature and tension applied were 10°C and 100N respectively. Determine the corrected horizontal length of AB.

30. The standard length of the tape was 30m at 20°C and the standard pull was 45N tension. The tape weighed 0.16N/m and had a cross – sectional area of 2mm2, E=2*105N/mm2and α= 1.12*10-5/°C.

31. Calculate the sag correction for a 50m steel tape under a pall of 120N in five equal spans of 10m each. Weight of one cubic cm steel = 0.078N. Area of cross section of tape = 0.09sq .cm

32. A line was measured by a 20m chain, which was accurate before starting the day work. After chaining 900m,the chain was found to be 6cm too long. After chaining a total distance of 1575m the chain was found to be 14cm too long. Find the distance of the line.

33. A rectangular land of 315m*750m is required to be established. A 30m chain was calibrated and found to measure 30mm too long. What measurement must be laid on the ground?

34. An old map was dream to scale of km = 10cm. The field was surveyed with a 30m chain, which was actually 5cm too long. An original length of 10cm has now shrunk to 9.75cm on the plan. The plan area measured with a planimeter is 97.03cm2 calculate the actual area of land in hectares.


PAGE 40 MVJCE

35. At the end of the survey of land a tape of 30m length was found to be 10cm short. The area of the plan drawn with measurement taken with the tape is found to be 135cm2. If the scale of the plane is 1/1006,what is the true area of the field, assuming that the chain was expect 30m at commencement of the survey.

36. A rectangular field was surveyed with a 30m chain the length and breadth of the field were found to be 3000m and 2500m respectively. In the begining the chain was 5cm too short and at the end of the work it was 3cm too long. What is the actual area of the filed?

37. The area of an old plan, plotted to a scale of 1cm to 10m measure snow 100.2cm2. The plan has shrunk so that a line originally 10cm long now measure 9.7cm. There was a note on the plan that the 20m chain used was 8cm too short. Find the true area of the plot.

3. Chain Surveying

1. Explain with a neat sketch the principle, working, construction and use of optical square 2. Explain a method of over coming an obstacle in chain surveying when both vision &

chaining are obstructed 3. Explain briefly the different methods of setting out right angles by using instruments.

Draw the line diagram. 4. List out the various obstacles that are encountered in chaining and explain any one of

them. 5. List the accessories required for a typical chain survey work 6. Explain any four methods for determining the width of river. 7. How would you over come the chaining problem if there were obstacles on the chain

line? Assuming that the chaining rounded the obstacle is possible. 8. Discuss briefly “Recording Field Notes” in chain surveying 9. Explain the following

a) Base line b) Check line c) Tie line d) Random line 10. Name the different types of cross-staffs used for setting out offsets to chain line. Explain

the construction and working off anyone. 11. Describe a method of determining the width of a river using

a) Chain only b) Chain and optical square 12. What are the precautions that should be taken to minimize the errors in chain survey work?

13. Explain the method of overcoming chaining problem if a) The obstruction is in the form of a pond b) The obstruction is in the form of a river

14. With a neat sketch explain any one method of overcoming an obstacle to both ranging and chaining.

15. Two Stations P&Q on the main survey line were taken on the opposite sides of a pond.

On the right of PQ, a line PR, 210 m long was laid down and another line PS, 260m long was laid down on the left of PQ. The points R, Q, and S are on the same straight line. The measured lengths of RQ and QS are 85m and 75m respectively. Compute the length of PQ.

16. AB is a line crossing a lake, A and B are on opposite sides of the lake. Another line AC=800 m long is ranged to the right of AB clear of the lake. Similarly another line AD = 1000m is ranged to the left of AB such that the points C, B and D are collinear. The lengths BC and BD are 400m and 600m respectively. If the chainage of A is 1262.44m. Calculate the chainage of B


PAGE 41 MVJCE

17. While running a survey line AB, it was found that a building obstructs it. To overcome the problem of the obstruction, a perpendicular BC, 143.65m long, was erected at B from C two lines CD & CE were set out at angles 30° and 50°, respectively, from CB. Determine the length of BD and BE, if D and E are on the prolongation of AB. Also determine the lengths of CD and CE.

18. A chain line PQ intersects a pond. Two points A & B are taken on the chain line on opposite sides of the pond. A line AC, 250m long, is set but on the left of AB and another line AD, 300m long is set out on the right of AB. The points C, B and D are in the same straight line. CB and BD are 100m and 150m long respectively. Calculate the length of AB.

19. While crossing a pond, stations A and D were taken on opposite sides of the pond. Lines AB of 250m and AC of 200m were ranged on either side of pond such that points B, C and D are along a straight alignment. Distances BD and DC were measured as 100m and 125m respectively. Compute the obstructed length AD.

20. A chain line ABC crosses a river, B and C being on the near and distant banks respectively. The respective bearings of C and A taken at D, a point 60m measured at right angles at AB from B are 280° and 190°. AB being 32m. Find the width of the river.

21. A chain line ABC crosses a river, the points B & C are on the near and distant banks respectively. A line BD of 50m lengths is setout at right angles to the chain line at B. If the angle BDC is 60°, find the width of the river.

22. A cross staff survey was conducted along the chainage of 1000m as follows.

Chainage (m) A = 0 200 500 700 850 F = 1000

Right of chain (m) - - C = 120 - E=40 -

Left of chain (m) - B=52 - D=80 - -

Enter the readings in a field book and calculate the area enclosed.

23. The height of an inaccessible tower is to be determined by ranging rods. The two ranging rods of length 2.5m and 1.5m are placed in such a way that their tops are in line with the top of the tower. The distance between the ranging rods is 10m The two ranging rods are then placed in a different setting on the same ranged-out line such that the longer rod is placed 110m away from its first position and the distance between the ranging rods is 30m. If their tops are again in line with the help of the tower, determine the height of the towers.

4. Compass Surveying 1. Distinguish between

a. WCB and RB system b. Dip and declination c. Magnetic bearing and true bearing d. Triangulation survey and traverse survey. e. Fore bearing and back bearing f. Prismatic compass and surveyors compass g. Open and closed traverse

2. Compare between prismatic compass and surveyors compass with neat sketch. 3. What are the sources of errors in compass surveying? List the precautions to be taken to

eliminate them. 4. Explain the common systems of designating bearings.


PAGE 42 MVJCE

5. Explain the method for determining the width of a pond by compass survey. 6. Determine the values of included angles in the closed compass traverse ABCD

conducted in clockwise direction, given the following. LINE FORE BEARING AB 40° BC 70° CD 210° DA 280° Apply the check

7. In a closed traverse, the following bearings were observed with a compass. Calculate

their interior angles. Apply the check. Represent the answer on a neat sketch along with bearing.

LINE FORE BEARING AB 60° 30' BC 122° 0’ CD 46° 0’

DE 205° 30’ EA 300° 0’ 8. The following interior angles were measured with a sextant in a closed traverse. The

bearing of the line AB was measured as 60°00O with prismatic compass. Calculate the bearings of all other lines if ∠A=140°10’, ∠B=90°8’, ∠C=60°22’, ∠D=69°20’.

9. The following angles were observed in clockwise direction in an open traverse ∠ABC=124°15’, ∠BCD=156°30’, ∠CDE=102°, ∠DEF=95°15’, ∠EFG=215°45’. The

magnetic bearing of the line AB was 241°30’. Calculate the bearings of other line. 10. The magnetic bearing of a line PQ is 62°30’. Calculate the true bearing of PQ if the

magnetic declination is a) 3°45’ W b) 4°10’E. 11. In an anticlockwise traverse ABCDEA, the bearing of the line AB was measured as

150°30’. The inclined angles are ∠A=130°10’, ∠B=89°45’, ∠C=125°22’, ∠D=135°34’ and ∠E=59°09’. Calculate the bearings of all other lines.

12. In an anticlockwise traverse ABCA all the sides were equal. Magnetic fore bearing of

BC was observed to be 15°30’. The bearing of sun was observed to be 184°30’ to local noon with a prismatic compass. Calculate the magnetic bearings and true bearings of all the sides of the traverse. Tabulate the results and draw a neat sketch to show the bearings.

5. Compass Traversing

1. Explain with a neat sketch Bowditch’s graphical method of adjustment of closed traverse 2. Define traversing open traverse and close traverse 3. What is closing error of a compass traverse? State Bowdich rule and describe graphical

method of adjusting closing error. 4. How do you correct the closing error of a compass traverse? 5. What is closing error of a compass traverse? Explain with sketch graphical adjustment of

a closed compass traverse. 6. What is local attraction? How is it detected? How it is eliminated?


PAGE 43 MVJCE

7. Explain the following a. Dependent co-ordinate b. Independent co-ordinate

8. The following bearings were observed with a prismatic compass. Where do you suspect

local attraction? Find the corrected bearing. LINE BEARING LINE BEARING AB 74O 00’ BA 254O00’ BC 91O00’ CB 271O00’ CD 166O00’ DC 343O00’ DE 177O00’ ED 0O00’ EA 189O00’ AE 9O00’

9. The following were observed bearing in running a compass traverse. At what stations do

you suspect local attraction? Find the corrected bearing of the lines and compute the included angles.

LINE F.B. B.B. AB 124O30’ 304O30’ BC 68O15’ 246O0’ CD 310O30’ 135O15’ DA 200O15’ 17O45’

10. The following bearing were observed in running a closed traverse. At what stations do

you suspect local attraction? Determine the correct magnetic bearings. If declination was 5O10’ E, what are the true bearings.

LINE FB BB AB 75O5’ 254O20’ BC 115O20’ 296O35’ CD 165O35’ 345O35’ DE 224O50’ 44O5’ EA 304O50’ 125O5’

11. The following bearings were observed while traversing with a compass. Determine the

local attraction and the correct bearings.

LINE FB BB AB 150O0’ 329045’ BC 77O30’ 25600’ CD 41O30’ 222045’ DE 314O 15’ 134045’ EA 2200 15’ 40015’


PAGE 44 MVJCE

12. A closed compass traverse ABCD was conducted and the following bearings were obtained. At what stations do you suspect local attraction? Find the correction at each station and the corrected bearing.

LINE FB BB AB 68015’ 24600’ BC 310030’ 135015’ CD 200015’ 17045’ DA 124030’ 305030’

13. The following bearings were observed while traversing with a compass. Find the corrected bearings and also calculate the included angles.

LINE FB BB Remarks AB 45045’ 226010’

Which stations are affected by local

attraction

BC 96055’ 27705’ CD 29045’ 209010’ DE 324048’ 144048’

14. A closed compass traverse was conducted round a forest and the following whole circle bearings were observed. Determine which of the stations suffer from local attraction and compute the values of the corrected bearing.

LINE FB BB AB 74020’ 256000’ BC 107020’ 286020’ CD 224050’ 44050’ DA 306040’ 126000’

15. The following fore and back bearings were observed in traversing with a compass in place where local attraction was suspected. Find the corrected fore bearing, back bearing and the true bearing of each of the lines given that the magnetic declination was 100W.

LINE FB BB AB 38030’ 219015’ BC 100045’ 278030’ CD 25045’ 207015’ DE 325015’ 145015’

16. A closed compass traverse ABCDE was run and the following bearings were observed. Correct the bearings for local attraction.

LINE FB BB AB 72045’ 252000’ BC 349000’ 167015’ CD 298030’ 118030’ DE 229000’ 48000’ EA 135030’ 319000’

17. The following fore bearing and back bearings were observed in traversing with a compass. Calculate the interior angles and correct them for observational errors.

LINE FB BB PQ S37030’E N37030’W QR S43015’W N44015’E RS N73000’W S72015’E ST N12045’E S13015’W TP N60000’E S59000’W


PAGE 45 MVJCE

18. The observed bearings at the stations A, B, C, D, and E of a closed traverse ABCDEA carried out with the aid of prismatic compass are given below. Correct for local attraction. Calculate the included angles and apply the check.

Station LINE FB BB A AB 800 1400

B BC 900 2600

C CD 1200 2690

D DE 2000 3010

E EA 3180 180

19. The magnetic bearing of a line as observed by the prismatic compass at a survey station is found to be 2700. If the local attraction at this station is known to be 50E and declination is 150W. What is the true bearing of the line?

20. The following bearings were observed at a place where local attraction was suspected. Find the corrected bearing of lines.

LINE FB BB AB 134030’ 314030’ BC 1200 299020’ CD 174030’ 356040’ DA 276030’ 950

21. Determine the length and bearing of side EA of closed traverse ABCDEA given the following data

LINE Length (m) Bearing AB 194.1 85030’ BC 201.2 15000’ CD 165.4 285030’ DA 172.6 195030’ EA ? ?

22. The table gives the lengths and bearings of the lines of a traverse ABCDE, the lengths and bearing of EA has been omitted. Calculate the length and bearing of the line EA.

LINE Length (m) Bearing AB 204.0 87030’ BC 226.0 20020’ CD 187.0 28000’ DA 192.0 210030’ EA ? ?

23. The co-ordinates of two points A & B are as following. Find the length and bearing of the line AB

Point Co-ordinates N E

A 982.2 825.2 B 1198.6 576.4

24. the bearing of PQ and QR are 19022’ and 60020’ resectively. The co-ordinates of the

ends P and R are given below. Find the lengths of PQ and QR. Point North coordinate East coordinate P 200.00 300.00 R 1332.80 1157.20


PAGE 46 MVJCE

6. Introduction to Levelling

1. Define the following terms a) Level line b) Line of collimation c) Vertical line d) Bubble tube axis e) Back sight (Bs) f) Fore sight (Fs) g) Bench mark (BM) h) Turning point i) Plane of collimation j) Axis of bubble tube 2. Explain the temporary adjustments of a Dumpy level? 3. What is sensitiveness of a bubble tube? How do you determine the same in the field. 4. Explain i) profile leveling ii) Fly leveling iii) Cross-sectioning. When do you

adopt these methods? 5. What do you mean by curvature and refraction corrections? Explain with equations when

this correction becomes necessary. 6. Differentiate between

i) Fly leveling & reciprocal leveling ii) Barometric leveling & Hypsometry iii) GTS Bench mark & Arbitrary Bench mark.

7. What is sensitivity of bubble tube? Derive a relation between the sensitivity and radius of a bubble tube.

8. What are the temporary adjustments of a dumpy level? How they are accomplished at a level station?

9. Explain the following terms i) Reciprocal leveling ii) Refraction iii) Curvature

10. What is parallax and how it is caused in a leveling instrument. How do you eliminate

parallax? 11. List the advantages of internal focusing telescope over external focusing telescope. 12. Discuss the effects of curvature and refraction in leveling. Obtain an expression for

combined correction to curvature and refraction. Why these corrections ignored in ordinary leveling.

13. List the advantages of internal focusing telescope over external focusing telescope. 14. Explain the principles of direct and indirect leveling. 15. Discuss the effects of curvature and refraction in leveling. 16. Describe the method of determining the difference in level between two points by

reciprocal leveling 17. What is a benchmark? Describe different types of benchmarks. 18. What are the effects of earth’s curvature and atmospheric refraction on the accuracy of

leveling? Derive an expression for the correction due to both the effects? 19. What are the different types of leveling staves? Explain. 20. What is the reciprocal leveling? How would you determine the correct difference in

levels between two points on opposite banks of a river? 21. The following observations were taken in reciprocal leveling.

Instrument at Staff reading at

A B A 1.625 2.545 B 0.725 1.405

Determine the R.L of B if that of A is 100.150. Also calculate the angular error in

collimation if the distance between A and B is 1000m.


PAGE 47 MVJCE

22.In leveling between two points A and B on opposite banks of a river the level was setup near A and the staff readings on A and B were 1.285 and 2.860 m respectively. The level was then moved and set up near B and the respective reading on A and B were 0.860 and 2.220. Find the true difference of level between A & B.

23. The following observations were taken in reciprocal leveling

Instrument at Staff reading at Remarks

P θθθθ

P 1.824 2.748 Distance between

P&Q = 1010m Q 0.929 1.606 RL of P = 126.386

Find i) true R.L of θ ii) the combined correction for curvature and refraction, and iii) the

angular error in the collimation adjustment of the instrument. 24. Reciprocal leveling between two points A and B, 800m apart on opposite banks of a

river gave the following observations.

Instrument at Height of Instrument

Staff at Staff reading

A 1.360 B 1.585 B 1.335 A 0.890

Determine the difference in level between A and B and the collimation error of the instrument.

25. Two points A & B are 1530m apart across a wide river. The following reciprocal levels

are taken with one level;

Level at Readings on

A B A 2.615 3.810

B 0.910 2.355 The error in the collimation adjustments of the level was 0.004m in 100m. Calculate the

true difference of level between A & B and also calculate the refraction. 26. The following reciprocal levels were taken with a level.

Instrument at Reading on

Remarks A B

A 1.565 2.785 Distance AB = 900m B 0.435 1.695 RL of A = 190.85

Determine I) the true difference in elevation between A&B ii) the RL of B and iii) the Collimation error.


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27. Two points A and B are on the opposite banks of a wide river. The following observations are taken in reciprocal leveling.

Instrument at Staff reading at

A B P 2.000 3.720 Q 0.816 2.420

If the R.L of A is 200.00, determine the RL of B.

28. The reading taken on a staff of 100m from the instrument was 1.875 with bubble central.

When the bubble was moved 5 divisions out of center the staff reading was 1.910. Find the radius of curvature of the bubble tube and its sensitivity if each division of the bubble tube is of length 2mm.

29. The reading taken on a staff 100m from the instrument with bubble central was 1.672m. The bubble was then moved by 4 divisions out of center and the staff reading was 1.702m. Find the angular value of one division of bubble and the radius of curvature of the bubble tube. The length of each division of bubble tube is 2mm.

7. Reduction of Levelling 1. Define the following terms

a. Bench mark b. Back sight c. Elevation d. Fore Sight e. Reduced level f. Line of Collimation g. Height of Instrument

2. Describe the “ height of instrument” and “ Rise and fall” methods of computing the levels. Discuss the merits and demerits of each.

3. The following consecutive readings ere taken with a level and 3m leveling staff on continuous sloping ground at a common interval of 20m: 0.602, 1.234, 1.860, 2.574, 0.238, 0.914, 1.936, 2.872, 0.568, 1.824, 2.722. The reduced level of the first point was 192.122. Rule out a page of a level field book and enter the above readings. Calculate the reduced level of the points and also the gradient of the line joining the first and last point.

4. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and a 4m leveling staff on continuously sloping ground at a common interval of 20m. 0.385, 1.030, 1.925, 2.825, 0.625, 2.005, 2.110. The R.L. of the first point was 200.00m. Enter the readings in a level book and calculate the R.L s of each point by rise and fall method and calculate the gradient of the line joining first and last point.

5. The following readings were observed successively with a leveling instrument. The instrument was shifted after 5th and 11th reading. (1) 0.585 (2) 1.010 (3) 1.735 (4) 3.295 (5) 3.775 (6) 0.350 (7) 1.300 (8) 1.795 (9) 2.575 (10) 3.375 (11) 3.895 (12) 1.735 (13) 0.635 (14) 1.605 Draw up a page of level book and determine the R.L. of various points if the R.L of the point on which the first reading was taken is 136.440. Use the rise & fall method


PAGE 49 MVJCE

6. The following consecutive readings were taken on a continuously sloping ground at 30m interval using a dumpy level and a 4m leveling staff:

1.855, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.860, 3.540, 0.945, 1.530, 2.250, 3.180 The RL of starting point was 100.00m. Enter the readings in level book format. Compute the elevations by height of instrument method and determine the gradient of line joining first and last point. 7. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level at 20m interval:

0.813, 2.170, 2.908, 2.630, 3.133, 3.752, 3.277, 1.899, 2.390, 2.810, 1.542. The level was shifted after 6th, 10th reading. The RL of the first point was 39.563m. Rule out the page of a level book and fill all columns. Use collimation system and apply the usual checks. Also find the slope of the line joining first and last point. 8. The following consecutive reading was taken with a dumpy level and 4m leveling staff:

0.255, 0.385, 0.520, 1.785, 2.300, 1.785, 0.335, 0.858, and 1.255. The position of instrument was changed after 3rd and 6th reading. Draw out the form of a level field book and enter the reading properly. Assume the RL of first point as 80.00m. Calculate RL of all the points using Rise and Fall method. Apply usual arithmetic check.

9. The following staff reading were taken with a dumpy level. The instrument have been

moved after second, fifth and eight reading.0.675, 1.230, 0.750, 2.565, 2.225, 1.935, 1.835, 3.220, 3.115, 2.875: The reduced level of the starting point = 100.00

a. Rule out a page of the level book and enter the above reading. b. Carry out reductions of levels by collimation method. c. Apply the arithmetic check.

10. During the construction of a building the following readings were taken with a leveling instrument.

Point Staff Reading Remarks A- Underside of chajja 2.140 RL if A = 202.400m staff

inverted B – Peg on ground 1.040 Instrument shifted B - Peg on ground 1.240 -- C – Under side of ceiling 3.835 Staff inverted

Enter the reading in level book format and complete the RL of ceiling- apply usual checks 11. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and 4m leveling staff

on a continuously sloping ground at 30m intervals: 0.680, 1.455, 1.855, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.055, 1.8660, 2.265, 3.540, 0.835, 0.945, 1.530, 2.250. The RL of starting point was 80.750m. carryout reduction of heights by the collimation method and apply the usual checks. Determine the gradient of the line joining the first and last points. 12. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and a 4m staff on a

continuously sloping ground at common intervals of 30m. 0.855(on A), 1.545, 2.335, 3.115, 3.825, 0.455, 1.380, 2.055, 2.855, 3.455, 0.585, 1.015, 1.850, 2.755, 3.845(on B). The RL of A was 380.500. Make entries in a level book and apply the usual checks. Also determine the gradient of the line AB.


PAGE 50 MVJCE

13. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level, the instrument shifted after

fifth reading: 0.750, 1.200, 2.000, 2.750, 2.500, 0.500, 1.500, 2.250, 2.800, 2.600, 2.900. Enter the readings in a level book format and reduce the levels by rise and fall method. Apply the usual checks. RL of starting point was 104.050. 14. The following staff reading were observed successively with a level, the instrument was

shifted after second, fifth and eighth reading: 0.675, 1.230, 0.750, 2.565, 2.225, 1.935, 1.835, 3.220, 3.115, 2.875:

The first reading was taken on a bench mark of elevation 100.00m. tabulate the readings and find the elevations of all points by rise and fall method. Apply arithmetic check. 15. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and a 4m leveling

staff on continuously sloping ground at 30m intervals: 0.680, 1.455, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.055, 1.860, 2.265, 3.540, 0.835, 0.945, 1.530, 2.250m. RL of the starting point was 100.00m.

a. Rule out a page of level book and enter the above readings. b. Evaluate the reduced levels of the points. c. Apply the arithmetic checks. d. Determine the gradients of the line joining the first and last point.

16. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level, the instrument having been shifted after the second, forth and seventh readings:

0.900, 1.250, 2.400, 1.375, 2.945, 3.124, 3.725, 0.100, 1.975, 2.025, 1.775: The first reading was taken with a staff held on a bench mark of elevation 1200.00m. enter the readings in a level book form and reduce the levels by the rise and fall method. Apply the usual checks. 17. The following staff readings were observed successively with a dumpy level, the

instrument having been shifted after the second, fifth and eighth reading: 0.750, 1.225, 0.980, 2.565, 2.350, 1.980, 3.220, 2.435, 3.005, 1.450.

The Ist staff reading was taken with the staff held on bench mark of Rs 100.00. Enter the readings in a proper level book form and find the reduced level of all points by the rise and fall method. Check the accuracy of the computation. 18. The following readings were taken on line at regular intervals in continuously falling

ground: 0.650, 1.635, 1.745, 2.200, 2.350, 0.760, 1.210, 1.430, 0.450, 0.950, 1.110, 1.400, in 10m. Enter the readings in a level book and calculate reduced level of all points. Adopt rise and fall method. Apply usual check. Determine the gradient of the line joining the first point and the last.


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19. A page on the old level book was found damaged. Find out the missing readings marked

with a cross and complete the level book page by rise and fall method. Station BS IS FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS 1 2.285 2 1.650 X 0.020 3 2.105 X 4 X 1.960 X 5 2.050 1.925 0.300 6 X X 232.255 BM2 7 1.690 X 0.340 8 2.865 2.100 X 9 X X 233.425 BM3 20. A page of an old level book was found damaged. Find out the missing readings marked

with a cross and complete the level book page. Station BS IS FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS 1 X 0.827 150.00 2 2.457 X 3 2.400 X X 4 2.676 X 148.07 CP 5 X 2.051 148.716 CP 6 2.500 149.784 7 2.896 149.388 8 X 0.124 X 9 2.672 149.612

8. Contouring

1. Define the following a) Contour lines b) Contour interval c) Horizontal equivalent d) Interpolation of contours

2. What are the characteristics of contour lines? Explain with sketches. 3. What is indirect contouring? Explain one of the methods. 4. Name the different types of indirect contouring and explain one of them. 5. What is contour interval? Discuss the factors to be considered for selecting contour

interval for a contour survey 6. Enumerate the uses of a contour plan (map). Explain with sketches. 7. Discuss various methods of interpolating the contours. 8. Distinguish between the following.

i) Direct contouring and indirect contouring 9. What is grade contour? How is it plotted on a contour map? 10. What are different methods of locating contours? Describe the merits and demerits of the

same.


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9. Plane Table Surveying 1. Explain the method of intersection in plane table surveying in locating any two points,

which are inaccessible. 2. With neat sketches describe the method of solving three point problem by Bossel’s

method 3. Write a note on orientation and methods of orientation 4. What are the different methods of plane table survey? 5. Explain the definition and procedure of two-point problem. 6. Define the following terms used in plane table surveying.

i) Radiation ii) Intersection iii) Orientation 7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of plane table surveying? 8. What is a two-point problem? Describe the procedure 9. List the components of a plane table. Explain how you would set and orient the plane

table. Describe the method of luter-section with a neat sketch. 10. Discuss the situations when three points problem is solved in plane table surveying. 11. Define the following instruments used in plane table surveying.

i) Drawing Board ii) Alidade iii) Spirit level iv) Trough Compass v) U – frame vi) Define plane table survey

12. What is three-point problem? How would you solve the three point problem by graphical method.

13. Explain the advantages and uses of telescopic alidade over an ordinary alidade. 14. What is resection as used in plane table survey? Explain with sketches any one of

resection. 15. State Lehmann’s rules and explain with the help of sketch. 16. Define traversing and orientation with special reference to plane table surveying. 17. Briefly explain the procedure of plane table traversing by intersection method.


PAGE 53 MVJCE

10 CV35 – FLUID MECHANICS


PAGE 54 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code: 10 CV35 I.A. Marks: 25 Hours per week: 05 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hours: 62 Exam Marks: 100

PART-A

UNIT I

BASIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS Introduction, Definiton of Fluid, Systems of units, properties of fluid: Mass density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Specific volume, Viscosity, Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface tension,& Capillarity. Newton’s law of viscosity (theory & problems).Capillary rise in a vertical tube and between two plane surfaces (theory & problems). 06 Hr

UNIT II PRESSURE AND ITS MEASUREMENT Definition of pressure, Pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, Variation of pressure with depth. Types of pressure. Vapour pressre. Measurement of pressure using a simple, differential & inclined manometers (theory & problems). Introduction to Mechanical and electronic pressure measuring devices. 07 Hr

UNIT III HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON SURFACES Basic definitions, equations for hydrostatic force and depth of centre of pressure for Vertical and inclined submerged laminae (plane and curved )- Problems. 06 Hr

UNIT IV KINEMATICS OF FLOW Introduction, methods of describing fluid motion, definitions of types of fluid flow, streamline, pathline, streamtube. Three dimensional continuity equation in Cartesian Coordinates (derivation and problems). General Continuity equation (problems). Velocity potential, Stream function, Equipotential line, Stream line- problems, Physical concepts of Streamfunction. Introduction to flow net. 07 Hr

PART-B

UNIT V DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW Introduction, Energy possessed by a fluid body. Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline and Bernoulli’s equation. Assumptions and limitations of Bernoulli’s equation. Problems on applications of Bernoulli’s equation (with and without losses). Introduction to kinetic energy correction factor. Momentum equation problems on pipe bends. 07 Hr


PAGE 55 MVJCE

UNIT VI

PIPE FLOW Introduction, losses in pipe flow,. Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in a pipe. Pipes in series, pipes in parallel, equivalent pipe-problems. Minor losses in pipe flow, equation for head loss due to sudden expansion- problems. Water hammer in pipes, equation for pressure rise due to gradual valve closure & sudden closure for rigid and elastic pipesproblems. 07 Hr

UNIT VII DEPTH AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS Introduction, Measurement of depth, point & hook gauges, self recording gauges. Staff gauge, Weight gauge, float gauge. Measurement of velocity- single and double gauges, pitot tube, Current meter- Problems. 06 Hr

UNIT VIII DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS Introduction, Venturimeter, Orificemeter, Rotometer, Venturiflume, Triangular notch, Rectangular notch, Cipolletti notch, Ogee weir and Broad crested weir, Small orifices-Problems. 06 Hr TEXT BOOKS:

1. ‘A TextBook of Fluid mechanics & Hydraulic Machines’- R.K.Rajput, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi, 2006 Edition.

2. ‘Principles of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines’- N.Narayana Pillai, Universities Press(India), Hyderabad,2009 Edition.

3. ‘ Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachines’- Madan Mohan Das, PHI Learning Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. 2009 Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. ‘ Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics’ – Bruce R. Munson, Donald F.Young, Theodore H. Okiishi, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2009 Edition.

2. ‘Introduction To Fluid Mechanics’ – Edward j. Shaughnessy,jr; Ira m. Katz:; James p Schaffer, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2005 Edition.

3. ‘ Text Book Of Fluid Mechanics& Hydralic Machines’- R.K.Bansal, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi, 2008 Edition.

4. ‘Fluid Mechanics’ – Streeter, Wylie, Bedford New Delhi, 2008(Ed)


PAGE 56 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics Hours / Week: 05 Subject Code: 10CV35 Total Hours: 62


Basic Properties Of Fluids 1. Introduction, Definiton of Fluid, Systems of units, properties of fluid:.. 2. Mass density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Specific volume, Viscosity,

Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface tension,& Capillarity

3. Mass density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Specific volume, Viscosity, Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface tension,& Capillarity

4. Newton’s law of viscosity (theory & problems) 5. Newton’s law of viscosity (theory & problems) 6. Capillary rise in a vertical tube and between two plane surfaces (theory &

problems). 7. Capillary rise in a vertical tube and between two plane surfaces (theory &

problems).

Pressure And Its Measurement

8. Definition of pressure, Pressure at a point 9. Pascal’s law, 10. Variation of pressure with depth 11. Types of pressure. Vapour pressre 12. Measurement of pressure using a simple, differential & inclined manometers

(theory & problems) 13. Measurement of pressure using a simple, differential & inclined manometers

(theory & problems) 14. Measurement of pressure using a simple, differential & inclined manometers

(theory & problems) 15. Introduction to Mechanical and electronic pressure measuring devices.

Hydrostatic Pressure On Surfaces 16. Basic definitions 17. Equations for hydrostatic force and depth of centre of pressure for Vertical and

inclined submerged laminae (plane and curved ) 18. Equations for hydrostatic force and depth of centre of pressure for Vertical and



inclined submerged laminae (plane and curved ) 21. Problems 22. Problems


PAGE 57 MVJCE

Period


Kinematics Of Flow 23. Introduction, methods of describing fluid motion 24. Definitions of types of fluid flow, streamline, pathline, streamtube 25. Three-dimensional continuity equation in Cartesian Coordinates (derivation and

problems). 26. Three-dimensional continuity equation in Cartesian Coordinates (derivation and

problems). 27. General Continuity equation 28. Problems 29. Velocity potential, Stream function, Equipotential line, Stream line 30. Physical concepts of Streamfunction 31. Introduction to flow net

Dynamics Of Fluid Flow

32. Introduction, Energy possessed by a fluid body..... 33. Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline and Bernoulli’s equation 34. Assumptions and limitations of Bernoulli’s equation 35. Problems on applications of Bernoulli’s equation (with and without losses) 36. Problems on applications of Bernoulli’s equation (with and without losses) 37. Introduction to kinetic energy correction factor 38. Momentum equation problems on pipe bends. 39. Momentum equation problems on pipe bends.

Pipe Flow 40. Introduction, losses in pipe flow,....,. 41. Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in a pipe 42. Pipes in series, pipes in parallel, equivalent pipe 43. Problems 44. Minor losses in pipe flow, equation for head loss due to sudden expansion 45. Problems 46. Water hammer in pipes 47. Equation for pressure rise due to gradual valve closure & sudden closure for

rigid and elastic pipes 48. Equation for pressure rise due to gradual valve closure & sudden closure for

rigid and elastic pipes 49. Problems

Depth And Velocity Measurements 50. Introduction, Measurement of depth 51. Point & hook gauges, self recording gauges 52. Staff gauge, Weight gauge, float gauge 53. Single and double gauges 54. Pitot tube, Current meter 55. Problems 56. Measurement of velocity


PAGE 58 MVJCE


Discharge Measurements 57. Introduction, Venturimeter 58. Orificemeter, Rotometer, Venturiflume 59. Triangular notch, Rectangular notch, Cipolletti notch 60. Ogee weir and Broad crested weir 61. Small orifices-Problems 62. Problems


PAGE 59 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

CHAPTER-1(FLUID PROPERTIES) 1. One litre of crude oil weighs 9.6 N. Calculate its Sp.wt, density, and Specific gravity. 2. Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity 1.2 Poise and is used for

lubrication in the clearance between a 10 cm diameter shaft and its journal bearing. The clearance is 1mm and shaft rotates at 200 rpm.

3. Find the surface tension in a soap bubble of 30mm diameter when the inside pressure is 1.962N/sq.m above atmosphere.

4. Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube of 3mm diameter when immersed vertically in a) Water and b) Mercury. Take surface tensions for Mercury and Water as 0.0725 N/m and 0.52N/m respectively.

CHAPTER-2 (Pressure and its measurement) 1. State and prove PascalOs law. 2. A simple manometer (U-tube) containing Mercury is connected to a pipe in which oil of

Sp.gravity 0.8 is flowing in a pipeline. Its right limb is open to the atmosphere and left limb is connected to the pipe. The centre of the pipe is 9 cm below the level of Mercury in the right limb. If the difference of Mercury level in the two limbs is 15cm, determine the absolute pressure of the oil in the pipe in N/sq.cm

3. A single column vertical manometer is connected to a pipe containing oil of Sp.Gr 0.9. The area of the reservoir is 80 times the area of the manometer tube. The reservoir contains mercury of Sp.Gr 13.6. The level of mercury in the reservoir is at a height of 30 cm below the centre of the pipe and difference of mercury levels in the reservoir and the right limb is 50cm. Find the pressure in the pipe.

4. A U-tube differential manometer connects two pressure pipes A and B. Pipe A contains carbon tetra chloride having a specific gravity 1.594 under a pressure of 11.772 N/sq.cm and pipe B contains oil of Sp.Gr 0.8 under a pressure of 11.772 N/sq.cm. The pipe A lies 2.5m above pipe B. find the difference of pressure measured by Mercury as fluid filling U-tube.

CHAPTER-3 (TOTAL PRESSURE AND CENTRE OF PRESSURE) 1. Determine the total pressure on a circular plate of diameter 1.5m, which is placed

vertically in water in such a way that the centre of plate is 2m below the free surface of water. Find the position of centre of pressure also.

2. Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure on an isosceles triangular plate of base 5m and altitude 5m when the plate is immersed vertically in an oil of Sp.Gr 0.8. The base of the plate is 1m below the free surface of water.

3. A rectangular tank m long, 1.5m wide contains water uoto a height o 2m. Calculate the force due to water pressure on the base of the tank. Find also the depth of centre of pressure from free surface.

4. A Circular plate 3 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that the plane of the plate makes an angle of 60 degrees with the free surface of water. Determine the total pressure and position of centre of pressure when the upper edge of the plate is 2m below the free water surface.


PAGE 60 MVJCE

CHAPTER-4 (FLUID KINEMATICS) 1. A 40cm diameter pipe, conveying water, branches into two pipes of diameter 30 cm and

20 cm respectively. If the average velocity in the 40 cm diameter pipe is 3m/sec, find the discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in 20 cm pipe if the average velocity in 30 cm diameter pipe is 2m/sec.

2. The velocity vector in a fluid flow is given by V=2x3i-5x2yj+4tk. Find the velocity and acceleration of a fluid particle at (1,2,3) at time t=1.

3. The stream function is given by =8xy, calculate the velocity at the point p (4,5). Find the velocity potential function.

4. Check if = x2-y2+y represents the velocity potential for 2-dimensional irrotational flow. If it does, then determine the stream function

CHAPTER-5 (DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW) 1. The water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 40 cm and 20 cm at sections 1 and

2 respectively. The velocity of water at section 1 is given 5.0 m/sec. Find the velocity head at the sections 1 and 2 and also rate of discharge.

2. A horizontal Venturi meter with inlet diameter 30 cm and throat dia 15 cm is used to measure the flow of oil of Sp.Gr 0.8. The discharge of oil through Venturi meter is 50 litres/sec; find the reading of the oil-Mercury differential manometer. Take Cd=0.98

3. A Venturi meter is used for measurement of discharge of water in horizontal pipeline. If the ratio of upstream pipe diameter to that of throat is 2:1, upstream diameter is 300mm, the difference in pressure between the throat and upstream is equal to 3m head of water and loss of head through meter is one-eighth of the throat velocity head, calculate the discharge in the pipe.

4. The discharge of water through a pipe of diameter 40 cm is 400litres/sec. If the pipe is bend by 135 degrees, find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend. The pressure of the flowing water is 29.43N/cm2.

CHAPTER-6 (FLOW MEASUREMENTS)

ORIFICES AND MOUTH PIECES

1. A jet of water, issuing from a sharp edged vertical orifice under a constant head of 60 cm, has the horizontal and vertical co-ordinates measured from the vena-contracta at a certain point as 10.0 cm and 0.45 cm respectively. Find the value of Cv. Also find the value of Cv if Cd=0.6.

2. A rectangular orifice 2 m wide and 1.5m deep is discharging water from a tank. The water in the tank is 3m above the top edge of the orifice; find the discharge through the orifice. Take Cd=0.62.

3. A circular tank of diameter 3m contains water upto a height of 4m. The tank is provided with an orifice of diameter 0.4m at the bottom.

Find the time taken by water: 1 to fall from 4m to 2m and 2. for completely emptying the tank. Take Cd=0.6


PAGE 61 MVJCE

NOTCHES AND WEIRS

1. A rectangular channel is 1.5m wide has a discharge of 200litres per second, which is measured by a right-angled V-notch weir. Find the position of the apex of the notch from the bed of the channel if maximum depth of water is not to exceed 1m. Take Cd=0.62.

2. Find the discharge through a trapezoidal notch, which is 1.2m at the top and 0.5m at the bottom and is 40cm in height. The head of water on the notch is 30cm. Assume Cd for the rectangular portion as 0.62 while for triangular portion =0.60.

3. Find the time required to lower the water level from 3m to 1.5m in a reservoir of dimension 70m*70m, by a rectangular notch of length 2m. Take Cd=0.62.

4. Water is flowing in a rectangular channel of 1.2 m wide and 0.8m deep. Find the discharge over a rectangular weir of crest length 70cm if the head of water over the crest of weir is 25cm and water from channel flows over the weir. Take Cd=0.60. Neglect end contractions but consider velocity of approach.

CHAPTER 7 (FLOW THROUGH PIPES) 1. The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.33/s. The diameter of the pipe is

suddenly enlarged from 250 mm to 500 mm. The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is 13.734 N/cm2. Determine: (i) loss of lead due to sudden enlargement, (ii) pressure intensity I the large pipe and (iii) power lost due to enlargement.

2. 2.A horizontal pipe of diameter 400 mm is suddenly contracted to a diameter of 200 mm. The pressure intensities in the large and smaller pipe is smaller pipe is given as 14.715 N/cm2 respectively If Cc = 0.62, find the loss of head due to contraction. Also determine the rate of flow water.

3. 3.Determine the rate of flow of water through a pipe of diameter 10 cm and length 60 cm when one end of the pipe is connected to a tank and other end of the pipe is open to the atmosphere. The height of water in the tank from the centre of the pipe is 5 cm. Pipe is given as horizontal and value of f= .01. Consider minor losses.

4. 4.Determine the difference in the elevations between the water surface in the two tanks, which are connected by a horizontal pipe of diameter 400 mm, and length 500 m. The rate of flow of water through the pipe is 200 litres/s. Consider all losses and take the value of f = .009.


PAGE 62 MVJCE

10 CV36– APPLIED ENGINEERING GEOLOGY


PAGE 63 MVJCE

SYLLABUS Sub Code:10 CV36 I.A. Marks: 25 Hours per week: 05 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hours: 62 Exam Marks: 100

PART – A

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION Geology and its role in the field of civil engineering. Earth: Its internal structure and composition. 02 Hr MINERALOGY Description and identification of Rock forming minerals and Ores, based on physical and special properties; Quartz and its varieties; Feldspar group; Mica group; carbonate group; Hornblende, Augite, Olivine, Asbestos, Kaolin, Talc, Gypsum, Garnet, Corundum. Magnetite, Hematite, Limonite, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrolusite, Psilomalane, Chromite, Galena, Bauxite. 06 Hr

UNIT II PETROLOGY Rocks as fundamental units and building materials of the earth crust and their engineering applications: As building stones, road metals and stones for decoration, pavement, cladding, roofing, flooring, concreting and foundation engineering. Igneous rocks: Origin, classification (chemical and textural), mode of occurrence; Identification and description of Granite, Syenite, Diorite, Gabbro, Dunite; Pegmatite, Porphiries, Dolerite; Rhyolite, Basalt and Pumice. Sedimentary rocks: Origin, classification, primary structures and description of Sandstones, Conglomerate, Breccia, Shale, Limestones and Laterite. Metamorphic rocks: Kinds of metamorphism, description of Gneiss, Quartzite, Marble, Slate, Phyllite and Schists. 06 Hr

UNIT III GEOMORPHOLOGY Epigene and Hypgene geological agents; rock weathering and its types; Soil formation, types, erosion and remedial measures; Geological action of rivers with different drainage patterns; Geological action of wind. 05 Hr

UNIT IV GEODYNAMICS : Earthquakes- seismic waves, seismograph, causes, effects, seismic zones, shield areas and seismic resisting structures. Coastal zones, coastal landforms, continental shelf, continental rise, continental slope, abyssal plain, mid-oceanic ridges, trenches, tsunamis. Land slides; causes, effects and remedial measures 05 Hr

PART B

UNIT V ROCK MECHANICS Stress, strain and deformational effects on different rocks; Out crop, Dip, strike and escarpment, Clinometer-compass- Joints, faults, folds and unconformities their effects on civil engineering structures. 06 Hr


PAGE 64 MVJCE

UNIT VI

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Geotechnical investigations for civil engineering projects: Study of toposheets and geological maps, importance of lithological and structural features studies for the construction of Dams, Reservoirs, Tunnels, Bridges and Highways 06 Hr

UNIT VII HYDROGEOLOGY Hydrological cycle; distribution of ground water in the earth crust; properties of water bearing geological formation: Aquifers and their types; selection of sites for well locations and spacing of wells; geological, hydrological and geophysical (electrical resistivity) investigations for round water exploration; artificial recharge of groundwater methods and rain water harvesting. Seawater intrusion and remedial measures. 09 Hr

UNIT VIII GEOMATICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY : Introduction to remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS); land sate imageries, stereoscopes and their applications in civil engineering. Impact of quarrying, mining and dams on Environment. Quality of ground water in different geological terrain. 07 Hr QUESTION PAPER PATTERN: Question paper shall be consisting of eight full questions, selecting four from each part. The student has to answer any five, selecting at least two from each part. Each question carry 20 marks. REFERENCES BOOKS:

Text book of Geology by P.K. Mukerjee, World Press Pvt. Ltd. Kolkatta. 1. Foundations of Engineering Geology,by Tony Waltham (3rd Ed.) Universities Press. 2. Structural Geology (3rd Ed.)by M. P. Billings, Published by Prentice Hall of India Pvt.

Ltd. New Delhi 3. Text of Engineering and General Geology by Parbin Singh, Published by S. K. Kataria

and Sons, New Delhi. 4. Rock Mechanics for Engineers by Dr B.P.Verma, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 5. Engineering Geology for Civil Engineering by D. Venkata Reddy, Oxford and IBH

Publishing Company, New Delhi. 6. Ground water geology by Todd D.K. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 7. Remote sensing Geology by Ravi P Gupta, Springer Verilag, New York. 8. Physical Geology by Arthur Holmes, Thomson Nelson and Sons, London. 9. Environmental Geology by K. S. Valdiya, Tata Mc Graw Hills. 10. A text book of Engineering Geology by Chenna Kesavulu, Mac Millan India Ltd. 11. Remote sensing and GIS by M.Anji Reddy. 12. Ground water assessment, development and management by K.R.Karanth, Tata Mc

Graw Hills


PAGE 65 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Name: Applied Engineering Geology Hours / Week: 5 Subject Code: 10CV36 Total Hours: 62

Period


Introduction 1. Geology and its role in the field of civil engineering. Earth 2. Earth: Its internal structure and composition. 3. MINERALOGY :Description and identification of Rock forming minerals and

Ores based on physical and special properties 4. Quartz and its varieties 5. Feldspar group; Mica group; carbonate group 6. Hornblende, Augite, Olivine, Asbestos, Kaolin, Talc, Gypsum 7. Garnet, Corundum. Magnetite, Hematite 8. Limonite, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrolusite 9. Psilomalane, Chromite, Galena, Bauxite

Petrology

10. Rocks as fundamental units and building materials of the earth crust 11. Their engineering applications: As building stones, road metals and stones for

decoration 12. Their engineering applications: pavement, cladding, roofing, flooring,

concreting and foundation engineering 13. Igneous rocks: Origin, classification (chemical and textural), mode of

occurrence 14. Identification and description of Granite, Syenite, Diorite, Gabbro, Dunite 15. Identification and description of Pegmatite, Porphiries, Dolerite; Rhyolite,

Basalt and Pumice 16. Sedimentary rocks: Origin, classification, primary structures and description of

Sandstones 17. description of Conglomerate, Breccia, Shale, Limestones and Laterite. 18. Metamorphic rocks 19. Kinds of metamorphism 20. description of Gneiss, Quartzite, Marble, Slate, Phyllite and Schists

Geomorphology

21. Epigene and Hypgene geological agents 22. Rock weathering and its types 23. Soil formation, types, 24. Erosion and remedial measures 25. Geological action of rivers with different drainage patterns 26. Geological action of wind.


PAGE 66 MVJCE

Period


Geodynamics 27. Earthquakes- seismic waves, seismograph, causes, effects 28. Seismic zones, shield areas and seismic resisting structures. 29. Coastal zones, coastal landforms, continental shelf, continental rise 30. Continental slope, abyssal plain, mid-oceanic ridges 31. Trenches, tsunamis. Land slides 32. Causes, effects and remedial measures

Rock Mechanics

33. Stress, strain and deformational effects on different rocks 34. Out crop, Dip 35. strike and escarpment 36. Clinometer-compass- Joints, faults, folds and unconformities their effects on

civil engineering structures. 37. Clinometer-compass- Joints, faults, folds and unconformities their effects on



civil engineering structures

Engineering Geology

40. Geotechnical investigations for civil engineering projects 41. Geotechnical investigations for civil engineering projects 42. Study of toposheets and geological maps 43. Importance of lithological and structural features studies for the construction of

Dams, Reservoirs, Tunnels, Bridges and Highways 44. Importance of lithological and structural features studies for the construction of

Dams, Reservoirs, Tunnels, Bridges and Highways 45. Importance of lithological and structural features studies for the construction of

Dams, Reservoirs, Tunnels, Bridges and Highways

Hydrogeology

46. Hydrological cycle; 47. distribution of ground water in the earth crust 48. properties of water bearing geological formation 49. Aquifers and their types 50. selection of sites for well locations and spacing of wells 51. geological, hydrological and geophysical (electrical resistivity) investigations

for ground water exploration 52. geological, hydrological and geophysical (electrical resistivity) investigations

for ground water exploration 53. artificial recharge of groundwater methods and rain water harvesting 54. Seawater intrusion and remedial measures


PAGE 67 MVJCE


GEOMATICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY: 55. Introduction to remote sensing (RS) 56. Geographical information system (GIS) 57. Global positioning system (GPS) 58. Land sate imageries and their applications in civil engineering 59. Stereoscopes and their applications in civil engineering 60. Impact of quarrying, mining and dams on Environment 61. Impact of quarrying, mining and dams on Environment 62. Quality of ground water in different geological terrain


PAGE 68 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

1. What is the scope of geology in civil engineering? Describe the internal structure of the earth (8 + 12 =20 marks)

2. What is a mineral? Describe the following Physical properties of minerals giving one or two mineral examples:

(a) Lustre: (b) Fracture; (c) Streak; and (d) Tenacity (4 + 16 =20 marks)

3. What is an igneous rock? Describe the mode of formation and the important distinguishing Petrologic features of these rocks. (4 + 16 =20 marks)

4. Write short notes on any four of the following: (a) Conglomerate (b) Compass clinometer (c) Dip and Strike (d) Metamorphism (e) Unconformities (f) Qualities of good building stones (4 x 5 = 20 marks)

5. What is the difference between Fault and Joint? Describe the different types of faults. Add a note on their engineering importance (4 +10 +6 =20 marks)

6. Briefly describe the geological investigations to be undertaken in the selection of sites for Dams and Reservoirs (20 marks)

7. Describe the electrical resistivity method of ground water exploration and add a note on its merits and demerits (16 + 4 = 20 marks)

8. Write short notes on any four of the following: (a) Prevention of land slides (b) Contamination hazards to Surface and ground waters (c) Aquifer types (d) Earth resources (e) Aerial photogrammetry (f) Earthquakes (4 x 5 = 20 marks)

----)(----

1. Discuss the importance of Geology in the field of Civil Engineering. Describe the internal composition of the earth. (8 + 12 =20 marks)

2. Define a mineral. Describe the important Physical properties of minerals with suitable mineral examples. Give the hardness of the following minerals: (a) Calcite (b) Corundum (c) Quartz (d) Gypsum (16 + 4 = 20 marks)

3. Define Rock. Discuss the different types of texture and structure that you generally find in igneous rocks. Discuss engineering importance and utility of igneous rocks.

(2 + 18 = 20 marks) 4. Write short notes on any four of the following:

(a) Terminology of fault (b) Dykes and Sills (c) Mechanical structure of Sedimentary rocks (d) Laterite (e) Mechanical weathering (f) Angular unconformity (4 x 5 = 20 marks)

5. What is fold? Describe the parts of fold. Attempt the classification of folds in brief. Discuss the importance of fold in the field of civil engineering (4 + 10 +6 =20 marks)

6. What is tunnel? What are the uses of Tunnels? Discuss the various aspects of Geological investigations to be undertaken to select a site for Tunnel. (4 + 16 = 20 marks)


PAGE 69 MVJCE

7. Define Groundwater. Discuss hydro geological cycle. Describe the electrical resistivity

method of ground water investigation. (6 + 14 = 20 marks)

8. Write short notes on any four of the following: (a) Cause of land slide (b) Seismic waves (c) Interpretation of Aerial photographs in Civil Engineering purposes (d) Types and Source of pollution (e) Qualities of good building stone (f) Silting of reservoir and prevention ( 4 x 5 = 20 marks)

----)(----

1. Describe the Geological and Geotechnical considerations to be considered in selecting a site for the construction of a dam and reservoir. (20 marks)

2. (a) what is an aggregate? Describe the Engineering properties of rocks as an aggregate for road construction. (b) Describe various modes/ regimes of soil formation and add a note on conservation of Soils (10 + 10 = 20 marks)

3. What are faults? How are they classified? Describe the different types of faults that occur in nature and add a note on their recognition in the field. (20 marks)

4. (a) Describe the various physical properties and uses of the following minerals. Calcite, Quartz, Hornblende and Orthoclase.

(b) Discuss briefly about the Status of availability of Iron ores in Karnataka (10 + 10 =20 marks)

5. What are Sedimentary rocks? How are they formed? How are they classified, and describe the important Sedimentary rocks that occur in nature? (20 marks)

6. (a) What are Earthquakes? Describe the Tectonic causes of Earthquakes. (b) Explain Geological work of rivers. (10 + 10 =20 marks)

7. Write short notes on the following: (a) Water table (b) Joints in Igneous rocks (c) Dip and Strike (d) Anticlinorium and Synclinorium (5 + 5 +5 +5 = 20 marks)

8. Write short notes the following: (a) Satellite imageries (b) Pollution caused due to mining for Granite and iron ore exploration (c) Grouting (d) Metamorphism (5 + 5 +5 +5 = 20 marks)

----)(----


PAGE 70 MVJCE

1. Describe the following physical properties of minerals.

(a) Streak (b) Cleavage (c) Lustre (d) Hardness (4 x 5 = 20 marks)

2. Describe the various geological properties, Classification and Engineering uses of the following rocks. (a) Granite (b) Basalt (c) Sandstone (d) Marble

(4 x 5 = 20 marks) 3. Describe:

(a) Internal structure of the earth (b) The types of metamorphism (10 +10 = 20 marks)

4. Write short notes on any four of the following: (a) Soil profile (b) Ox-bow lakes (c) Aquifers (d) Artesian wells (e) Graded bedding (4 x 5 = 20 marks)

5. (a) Describe the compass clinometer with a neat sketch and mention its uses. (b) What is a reservoir? Explain the silting up of reservoirs and its remedial measures

(10 +10 = 20 marks) 6. What is weathering of rocks? Explain the types of weathering and add a note on its

engineering Importance (20 marks) 7. Write short notes on any four of the following:

(a) Aerial photographs (b) Earth resources (c) Water-Table (d) Impact of mining on environment (e) Dams on Inclined Strata ( 4 x 5 = 20 marks)

8. (a) What is meant by erosion of soil ? Explain the methods of Soil conservation.

(b) Explain the qualities of a good building stone (10 +10 = 20 marks)

----)(----


PAGE 71 MVJCE

STANDARD QUESTIONS

1. How is Geology related to engineering? Discuss the scope and application of the

geological Knowledge in planning and execution of civil engineering works. 2. Give different branches of Geology and their application to engineering. Discuss the

importance of geology in the field of civil engineering. 3. Give an account of the physical properties, which are useful in the identification of

minerals with suitable examples? 4. Describe any FOUR 0f the following minerals, giving their Physical properties,

Chemical C0mposition and uses- (a) Talc (b) Calcite (c) Haematite (d) Pyrite (e) Orthoclase (f) Corundum

5. How do you distinguish between (a) Quartz and Calcite (b) Talc and Gypsum (c) Hornblende and Augite (d) Muscovite and Biotite

6. Describe the following: a. Cleavage in minerals b. MOHOS scale of hardness Streak and its significance in the mineral

identification c. Engineering importance of minerals.

7. Define a mineral. Describe the important physical properties of minerals with suitable examples. Give the hardness of the following minerals:

(a) Calcite (b) Corundum (c) Quartz (d) Gypsum

8. Write an explanatory note on physical properties of minerals.

9. Distinguish between: (a) Quartz and Calcite (b) Gypsum and Baryte (c) Magnetite and Haematite (d) Pyrolusite and Chromite.

10. Describe the various geological properties, classification and engineering uses of the

following rocks: a. Granite b. Basalt c. Sandstone d. Marble

11. What is an igneous rock? Describe the mode of formation and the important

distinguishing Petrologic features of these rocks.

12. What are igneous rocks? Describe the classification of Igneous rocks with suitable examples and mention the engineering importance of igneous rocks.

13. What are Sedimentary rocks? Describe the classification of Sedimentary rocks With

suitable examples and mention the engineering importance of Sedimentary rocks. 14. What are metamorphic rocks? Describe the classification of metamorphic rocks With

suitable examples and mention the engineering importance of Metamorphic rocks. 15. With neat sketches describe the Primary structures in Sedimentary rocks. 16. Describe the forms of igneous rocks.


PAGE 72 MVJCE

17. What is fold? Describe the parts of fold. Attempt the classification of folds in brief.

Discuss the importance of fold in the field of civil engineering. [VTU Aug/Sept 2000] 18. What are faults? Describe the types of faults giving suitable sketches for each and

mention engineering consideration of faults. 19. What are joints? Describe the different types of joints and mention engineering

Considerations. 20. Define an unconformity. Describe the types of unconformities and mention the field

evidence of unconformity.

21. 21.Differentiate between the following pairs: a. Overturned and recumbent fold. b. Horst and Graben. c. Sheet Joint and Columnar Joint. d. Normal Joint and Reverse Joint. e. Foot wall and Hanging wall. f. Anticline and Syncline.

22. With a labelled neat sketch describe various parts of faults. Attempt classification of

faults in brief. Discuss importance of faults in the field of civil engineering. 23. Describe the Compass-Clinometer with a neat Sketch and mention its uses. 24. What is weathering of rocks? Explain the types of weathering and add a note on its

Engineering importance. 25. What is meant by erosion? Explain the methods of soil erosion. 26. What is an earthquake? Describe the Tectonic causes of earthquakes. 27. What is an earthquake? How are they caused? In what way are helpful in deciphering the

interior of the earth? Add a note on Seismographs? 28. What does Erosion of Soil mean? Explain the methods of Soil Conservation. 29. Explain Geological work of Rivers? 30. What is Soil? Describe the Various modes/regimes of Soil formation. Add a note on

Conservation of Soils? 31. Enumerate the Geological considerations to be deserved while selecting a site for

multipurpose dam. (April, 1985,B.U.) 32. What are Tunnels? Explain with neat sketches the tunnels located in:

(a) Anticline and Syncline (b) Foot wall and Hanging wall (c) Fissured and Fractured zone

(Dec, 1985,B.U.)

33. What are the Geological factors you would consider in the selection of Suitable site for Reservoirs? (Dec, 1985,B.U.)

34. What are Geological investigations required to be made in the proposed dam site before the Construction of dam? (May/June, 1986,B.U.)

35. What are Tunnels? Explain the important geological factors taken in to account while tunneling through consolidated and unconsolidated rocks. Mention the uses of Tunnels (March, 1989,B.U.)

36. Explain the Geological investigations to be carried out along proposed tunnel alignment. (1993,B.U)

37. Explain in brief geological investigation to be carried out in proposed Dam site. (1993,B.U)

38. Discuss the following with reference to their implications in the construction of Damson: (a) Jointed in rocks (b) Faulted beds (c) Folded beds


PAGE 73 MVJCE

39. Enumerate the following:

a. Tunnels in folded rocks (Jan/Feb, 1992.B.U) b. Seepage in Reservoirs (Jan/Feb, 1992,B.U) c. Geological problems encountered in Dam sites (Aug, 1990,B.U) d. Seepage and Leakage problems in Reservoirs. e. Classification of Soils in India. f. Grouting in Dams

40. Briefly describe the geological investigations to be undertaken in the selection of Sites for dams and reservoirs

41. What is a tunnel? What are the uses of tunnel? Discuss the various aspects of Geological investigations to be undertaken to select a site for tunnel.

42. Describe the geological and Geotechnical considerations to be considered in selecting a site for the construction of a dam & reservoir.

43. What is an aggregate? Describe the engineering properties of rocks as an aggregate for Road Construction.

44. What is a reservoir? Explain the silting up of reservoirs and its remedial measures.

45. Uses of aerial photographs in civil engineering projects?

46. Explain electrical resistivity method and its applications?

47. Discuss briefly about the Status of availability of Iron Ores in Karnataka 48. What is the Scope of Geology in Civil Engineering? Describe the Internal structure of

the Earth.

49. Describe the use of Aerial photographs in Civil Engineering Projects?

Short notes 1. MohOs scale of hardness 2. Streak in minerals with examples 3. Dip and strike 4. Compass clinometer and its uses 5. Metamorphism 6. Columnar joints 7. Master joints 8. Artesian wells 9. Graded beddings 10. Anticlinorium and Synclinorium 11. Classification of soils 12. Soil profile 13. Soil conservation methods 14. Terminology of folds 15. Terminology of faults 16. Seismograph 17. Flood control measures 18. Seismic waves 19. Earthquake resisting structures ( A Seismic design of buildings) 20. Unconformity 21. Aquifer 22. Water table


PAGE 74 MVJCE

23. Exfoliation 24. Grouting 25. Leakage of reservoir 26. Types of source of pollution 27. Pollution caused due to mining for granite and iron ore exploration 28. Electrical Resistivity method 29. Causes and prevention of Landslides 30. Stereoscopes 31. Types of Aquifers 32. Aquifer characters 33. Mechanical structure of Sedimentary rocks (Primary structures in Sedimentary Rocks) 34. Life cycle of River system (Stages of river system) 35. Ox-bow lakes 36. Meanders 37. Hydrologic Cycle 38. Dykes and Sills 39. Aerial photographs 40. Dams on inclined strata 41. Laterite 42. Conglomerate 43. Pumice 44. Master joints 45. Anticiline and Syncline 46. Zone of Saturation 47. Zone of Aeration 48. Perched Aquifer 49. Soil water Zone 50. Pellicular water 51. Capillary fringe 52. Mural joints 53. Qualitities of good building stones 54. Silting of reservoirs and preventation 55. Batholith 56. Textures 57. Chevron fold 58. Structural terrace 59. Recumbent fold 60. Engineering importance of joints 61. Tunnels made through Anticiline and Syncline (June, 1986, B.U.) 62. Seepage and Leakage of Reservoirs (May/June, 1986, B.U.) 63. Tunneling in Faulted regions (Aug, 1992, B.U.) 64. Silting in Reservoirs and its remedials measures (Aug, 1982,B.U.) 65. Earth resources 66. Satelite Imageries 67. Renewable and non renewable natural resources 68. Types of sources of pollution


PAGE 75 MVJCE

10 CVL37 – CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS TESTING LAB


PAGE 76 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code: 10CVL37 I.A. Marks: 25 Hours per week: 03 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hours: 42 Exam Marks: 50

1. Tension test on Mild Steel and HYSD bars. 2. Compression test of Mild steel, HYSD, Cast iron and Wood. 3. Torsion test on Mild steel circular sections. 4. Bending Test on Wood under two point loading. 5. Shear Test on Mild steel. 6. Impact Test on Mild steel ( Charpy & Izod) 7. Hardness tests on ferrous and non-ferrous metals – Brinell’s Rockwell and Vicker’s. 8. Test on Bricks and on Tiles. 9. Test on Fine aggregates: Mositure content, Specific gravity, Bulk Density, Sieve

analysis and Bulking 10. Test on Coarse aggregates: Absorption, Mositure content, specific gravity, Bulk

Density and Sieve analysis 11. Demonstration of Strain gauges and Strain indicators.

NOTE : All tests to be carried out as per relevant BIS Codes.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Testing of Engineering Materials, Davis, Troxell and Hawk, International Student

Edition – McGraw Hill Book Co. New Delhi. 2. Mechanical Testing of Materials”, Fenner, George Newnes Ltd. London. 3. “Experimental Strength of Materials” , Holes K A, English Universities Press Ltd.

London. 4. “Testing of Metallic Materials” , Suryanarayana A K, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

New Delhi. 5. Relevant IS Codes 6. “Material Testing Laboratory Manual” , Kukreja C B- Kishore K. Ravi Chawla

Standard Publishers & Distributors 1996. 7. Concrete Manual, M.L.Gambhir –Dhanpat Rai & Sons- New Delhi. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION : Group Experiments: Tension, Compression Torsion and Bending Tests Individual Experiments: Remaining Tests Two questions are to be set - one from group experiments and the other as individual experiment.


PAGE 77 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

S. No. Topic to be covered

1. Tension test on Mild Steel and HYSD bars

2. Compression test of Mild steel and HYSD

3. Compression test on Cast iron and Wood.

4. Torsion test on Mild steel circular sections.

5. Bending Test on Wood under two point loading.

6. Shear Test on Mild steel.

7. Impact Test on Mild steel ( Charpy & Izod)

8. Hardness tests on ferrous and non-ferrous metals – Brinell’s Rockwell and Vicker’s.

9. Test on Bricks and on Tiles.

10. Test on Fine aggregates to determine Moisture content, Specific gravity.

11. Test on fine aggregates: Bulk Density, Sieve analysis and Bulking

12. Test on Coarse aggregates: Absorption, Mositure content, specific gravity,

13 Test on Coarse aggregates: Bulk Density and Sieve analysis

14 Demonstration of Strain gauges and Strain indicators


PAGE 78 MVJCE

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between the following a. Brittle and ductile material b. Yield stress and proof stress c. Engineering stress & true stress d. PoissonOs ratio and proof stress e. Brittleness and Malleability f. Long column and short column g. Impact and fatique h. Flexural rigidity and torsional rigidity i. Homogenous and isotropic materials j. Hardness & toughness k. Working stress and ultimate stress.

2. Define the terms Resilience, Hardness and Endurance. 3. Draw a typical stress and strain curve for M.S in tension. 4. Explain the principle of BrinellOs hardness test 5. Does Hardness give any idea about the tensile strength of the material? 6. List the assumptions in the theory of torsion. 7. List the assumptions in the theory of pure bending. 8. Define the elastic constants. How they are related? 9. Give the Bending equation and explain the terms used. 10. Give the tension equation and explain the related terms. 11. Explain the principle of Izode and Charp impact tests. 12. Draw a typical stress strain curve for M.S in tension and compression and state the

difference. 13. Draw a typical stress strain curve for C.I in tension and compression and state the

difference. 14. Plot the typical variation of Shear stress for OIO and OTO sections. 15. Distinguish between beam of Uniform strength and beam of uniform section. 16. Define the terms Shear force, Bending moment and point of inflexion. 17. What are the commonly used instruments for measuring deformation? 18. Amongst hollow and solid shafts, which is stronger & why? 19. Why is a groove provided for charpy & Izod test specimens? 20. What is a scratch test? 21. What are the desirable characteristics of a good brick? 22. What is type of test done you lab to determine the strength of the Manglore tile 23. Who do the classify the Mangalore roof tiles? 24. What is the practical significance of Bulking of sand? 25. What is the practical significance of water absorption test on coarse aggregates?


PAGE 79 MVJCE

10 CVL38 – SURVEYING PRACTICE - I


PAGE 80 MVJCE

SYLLABUS


Exercise - 1

a). To measure the distance between two points, using direct ranging.

b). To set out perpendicular at various points on given line using Cross Staff, Optical square and tape.

Exercise - 2

Setting out of rectangle, hexagon using tape/chain and other accessories.

Exercise – 3

Measurement of bearing of the sides of a closed traverse & adjustment of closing error by Bowdich method and Transit method.

Exercise – 4

To set out rectangles, hexagon, pentagon using tape / chain compass.

Exercise – 5

To determine the distance between two inaccessible points using chain / tape & compass.

Exercise – 6

To locate points using radiation and intersection method of plane tabling.

Exercise – 7

To solve 3-point problem in plane tabling using Bessel’s graphical solution

Exercise – 8

To determine difference in elevation between two points using fly leveling technique & to conduct fly back leveling. Booking of levels using both HI and Rise & Fall methods.

Exercise – 9

To determine the difference in elevation between two points using Reciprocal leveling and determine the collimation error.

Exercise – 10

To conduct profile leveling for water supply/sewage line and to draw the longitudinal section, to determine the depth of cut and depth of filling for a given formation level.

Exercise – 11

Demonstration of minor instruments like clinometer, cylone ghat tracer, hand level, box sextant, planimeterd and pentagraph


PAGE 81 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

S. No. To be covered

1. To measure the distance between two points, using direct ranging. To set out perpendicular at various points on given line using Cross Staff.

2. To construct a rectangle of sides 6m and 9m To construct a hexagon of given side length whose center is inaccessible To construct a hexagon of given side length whose center is accessible

3. To conduct a closed compass travese and to adjust the closing error by BowditchOs method and Transit method.

4. To construct a rectangle of given side 5m X 6m having a magnetic bearing of 300 to the line AB.

5. To construct a regular hexagon of 5m side having a magnetic bearing of 300 to the line AB.

6. To construct a regular pentagon of given side 5m having a magnetic bearing of 300 to the line AB

7. To determine the distance between two inaccessible points shown in the field using prismatic compass

8. . To locate the details on the plan using plane table by radiation method 9. To d Determine the distance between two inaccessible points using plane table by

Inters Inter Section method 10. To locate the position on the plan, of the station occupied by the plane table

by means of observations to three well defined points whose positions have been previously plotted on the plan

11. To find the difference in elevation for given points susing fly Levelling technique and to conduct fly back Levelling using height of instrument method and rise and fall Method.

12. To determine the difference in elevation between two points using Reciprocal levelling and determine the collimation error.

13. To conduct profile Levelling for water supply/sewage line and to draw the longitudinal section, to determine the depth of cut and depth of filling for a given formation level.

14. Demonstration of minor instruments


PAGE 82 MVJCE

VIVA QUESTION

1. Name the types of chains 2. List the tape corrections 3. Differentiate between cumulative and compensating error 4. What is check line and tie line 5. What is perpendicular offset and oblique offset 6. Define magnetic meridian and true meridian 7. Differentiate between whole circle bearing system and quadrant bearing system 8. What is dip of the needle 9. What is magnetic declination 10. What is local attraction 11. Differentiate between face left observation and face right observation 12. What is closing error 13. What is bench mark 14. Differentiate between barometric leveling and trigonometric leveling 15. Differentiate between profile leveling and cross sectioning 16. What is turning point in leveling 17. Explain differential leveling 18. When the reciprocal leveling method is adopted 19. Define sensitiveness of bubble tube 20. What is a contour 21. What is orientation in plane table survey and name the types of orientation 22. What are the methods of plane tabling 23. What is zero circle of planimeter 24. List the permanent adjustment of a theodolite 25. Least count of different survey instrument


PAGE 83 MVJCE

SCHEME OF TEACHING & EXAMINATION

SEMESTER: IV

S. No.

Subject Code

Title of the Subject Teachi

ng Dept/.

Teaching Hrs/Week

Examination

Theory

Practical

Duration (Hr)

Marks

IA

Theory/

Practical

Total

1 10MAT

41 Engineering Mathematics – IV

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

2 10CV

42 Concrete Technology Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

3 10CV

43 Structural Analysis – I Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

4 10CV

44 Surveying – II Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

5 10CV

45 Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines

Civil 04 -- 03 25 100 125

6 10CV

46 Building Planning & Drawing

Civil 01 06 04 25 100 125

7 10CVL

47 Surveying Practice – II Lab

Civil -- 03 03 25 50 75

8 10CVL

48 Applied Engineering Geology Lab

Civil -- 03 03 25 50 75

TOTAL 21 12 25 200 700 900


PAGE 84 MVJCE

10 MAT41 – ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IV


PAGE 85 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code : 10MAT41 I A Marks: 25 Hours / Week: 5 Exam Marks: 100 Total Hours: 62 Exam Hours: 03

PART – A

UNIT I

NUMERICAL METHODS - I Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations of first order and first degree; Picard’s method, Taylor’s series method, modified Euler’s method, Runge-kutta method of fourth-order. Milne’s and Adams - Bashforth predictor and corrector methods (No derivations of formulae).

06 Hr

UNIT II NUMERICAL METHODS - II Numerical solution of simultaneous first order ordinary differential equations: Picard’s method, Runge-Kutta method of fourth-order. Numerical solution of second order ordinary differential equations: Picard’s method, Runge-Kutta method and Milne’s method. 06 Hr

UNIT III COMPLEX VARIABLES I Function of a complex variable, Analytic functions-Cauchy-Riemann equations in cartesian and polar forms. Properties of analytic functions. Application to flow problems- complex potential, velocity potential, equipotential lines, stream functions, stream lines. 07 Hr

UNIT IV COMPLEX VARIABLES II Conformal Transformations: Bilinear Transformations. Discussion of Transformations: w = z2, w = ez, w = z + (a2 / z). Complex line integrals-Cauchy’s theorem and Cauchy’s integral formula. 07 Hr

PART – B

UNIT V SPECIAL FUNCTIONS Solution of Laplace equation in cylindrical and spherical systems leading Bessel’s and Legendre’s differential equations, Series solution of Bessel’s differential equation leading to Bessel function of first kind. Orthogonal property of Bessel functions. Series solution of Legendre’s differential equation leading to Legendre polynomials, Rodrigue’s formula.

07 Hr


PAGE 86 MVJCE

UNIT VI PROBABILITY THEORY - I Probability of an event, empherical and axiomatic definition, probability associated with set theory, addition law, conditional probability, multiplication law, Baye’s theorem.

07 Hr

UNIT VII PROBABILITY THEORY - II Random variables (discrete and continuous), probability density function, cumulative density function. Probability distributions – Binomial and Poisson distributions; Exponential and normal distributions. 07 Hr

UNIT VIII SAMPLING THEORY Sampling, Sampling distributions, standard error, test of hypothesis for means, confidence limits for means, student’s distribution. Chi -Square distribution as a test of goodness of fit

06 Hr

TEXT BOOKS

1. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Latest edition, Khanna Publishers 2. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Latest edition, Wiley Publications.

.

REFERENCES 1. B.V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Latest edition, Tata Mc. Graw Hill

Publications. 2. Peter V. O’Neil, Engineering Mathematics, CENGAGE Learning India Pvt Ltd.Publishers


PAGE 87 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Hours / Week: 5 Exam Marks: 100 Total Hours: 62 Exam Hours: 03

Period No.

TOPIC TO BE COVERED

NUMERICAL METHODS

1 Numerical solutions of first order first degree O.D.E: Taylor’s series method-problems

2 Euler’s methods - problems 3 Modified Euler’s method - problems 4 Runge-Kutta method of fourth order – problems 5 Milne’s predictor and corrector method -problems 6 Adam’s-Bashforth predictor and corrector method- problems COMPLEX VARIABLES

7 Function of complex variables, limits, continuity, and differentiability. 8 Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian form.

9 Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations in Polar form and Consequences.

10 Construction of analytic function in Cartesian form 11 Construction of analytic function in Polar form 12 Definition of Conformal transformation: z2 13 Transformation : ez

14 Transformation: +Z Z

a2

15 Problems. 16 Bilinear transformations. COMPLEX INTEGRATION

17 Line integral – Problems. 18 Cauchy’s theorem, Corollaries-problems 19 Cauchy’s integral formula - problems. 20 Cauchy’s integral formula for derivatives - problems 21 Taylor’s series.- Problems. 22 Laurent’s series.- Problems 23 Singularities, Poles, residues – Problems 24 Residue theorem – Problems SERIES SOLUTION OF O.D.E AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

25 Series solution- Frobenius method 26 Series Solution of Bessel’s Differential Equation 27 Equations reducible to Bessel’s D E 28 Recurrence relations 29 Series Solution of Legendre’s Diff equation 30 Problems 31 Recurrence relations 32 Rodrigue’s formulae


PAGE 88 MVJCE

Period

No. TOPIC TO BE COVERED

STATISTICAL METHODS

33 Curve fitting by the method of Least Squares: y= a+bx- problems. 34 y = a.bx , y = ax - problems, 35 y=a+bx+cx2 - problems 36 Correlation – problems 37 Regression - problems 38 Addition rule, Conditional probability, Multiplication rule-Examples 39 Examples 40 Baye’ Theorem-Examples RANDOM VARIABLES

41 Discrete Random Variables-PDF-CDF and examples 42 Continuous Random Variables-PDF-CDF and examples 43 Binomial Distributions Examples 44 Poisson’s Distributions – Examples 45 Normal Distribution-Properties & Examples 46 Exponential Distribution & Examples SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

47 Sampling, Sampling Distribution, Standard error. 48 Problems 49 Testing of Hypothesis for Means,. 50 Confidence limits for Means 51 Problems 52 Student’s t-distribution 53 Chi- square distribution as a test of goodness of fit 54 Problems JOINT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND MARKOV CHAINS

55 Concept of joint probability, joint distribution-discrete random variables 56 Problems 57 Independent random variables, Problems on Expectation and Variance 58 Markov chains-Introduction, probability vectors 59 Stochastic matrices, Fixed points and Regular Stochastic matrices 60 Markov chains, Higher transition probabilities 61 Stationary Distribution of regular Markov chains and Absorbing states 62 Problems


PAGE 89 MVJCE

10 CV42 – CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY


PAGE 90 MVJCE

SYLLABUS Sub Code: 10CV42 I.A. Marks: 25 Hours per week: 05 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hours: 62 Exam Marks: 100

PART – A

UNIT I

Cement, Chemical composition, hydration of cement, Types of cement, manufacture of OPC by wet and dry, process (flow charts only) Testing of cement - Field testing, Fineness by sieve test and Blaine's air permeability test, Normal consistency, testing time, soundness, Compression strength of cement and grades of cement, Quality of mixing water. 07 Hr

UNIT II

Fine aggregate - grading, analysis, Specify gravity, bulking, moisture content, deleterious materials. Coarse aggregate – Importance of size, shape and texture.Grading of aggregates - Sieve analysis, specific gravity, Flakiness and elongation index, crushing, impact and abrasion tests. 06 Hr

UNIT III

Workability - factors affecting workability, Measurement of workability - slump, flow tests, Compaction factor and vee-bee consistometer tests, Segregation and bleeding, Process of manufactures of concrete : Batching, Mixing, Transporting, Placing, Compaction, Curing. 07 Hr

UNIT IV Chemical admixtures - plasticizers, accelerators, retarders and air entraining agents, Mineral admixtures - Fly ash, Silica fumes and rice husk ash. 06 Hr

Part-B

UNIT V

Factors affecting strength, w/c ratio, gel/space ratio, maturity concept, Effect of aggregate properties, relation between compressive strength, and tensile strength, bond strength, modulus of rupture, Accelerated curing, aggregate - cement bond strength, Testing of hardened concrete - compressive strength, split tensile strength, Flexural strength, factors influencing strength test results. 06 Hr

UNIT VI Elasticity - Relation between modulus of elasticity and Strength, factors affecting modulus of elasticity, Poisson , Ratio, Shrinkage - plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage, Factors affecting shrinkage, Creep - Measurement of creep, factors affecting creep, effect of creep, 07 Hr


PAGE 91 MVJCE

UNIT VII

Durability - definition, significance, permeability, Sulphate attack, Chloride attack, carbonation, freezing and thawing, Factors contributing to cracks in concrete - plastic shrinkage, settlement cracks, construction joints, Thermal expansion, transition zone, structural design deficiencies, - 06 Hr

UNIT VIII Concept of Concrete Mix design, variables in proportioning , exposure conditions, Procedure of mix design as per IS 10262-1982, Numerical examples of Mix Design 07 Hr TEXT BOOKS:

1. "Concrete Technology" - Theory and Practice, M.S.Shetty, S.Chand and Company, New Delhi, 2002.

REFERENCES :

1. "Properties of Concrete"Neville, A.M. : , ELBS, London 2. "Concrete Technology" – A.R.Santakumar. Oxford University Press (2007)’ 3. "Concrete Manual" - Gambhir Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi. 4. "Concrete Mix Design" - N.Krishna Raju, Sehgal - publishers. 5. "Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design" - IS:10262,BIS Publication


PAGE 92 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN Subject: Concrete Technology

Subject Code: 10CV42 Hours / Week: 5 IA Marks: 25 Total Hours: 62

Period

No. TOPIC TO BE COVERED

UNIT I 1. Cement:- Chemical composition

2. Hydration of cement, Types of cement

3. Manufacture Of Opc By Wet And Dry, Process (Flow Charts Only)

4. Testing of cement - Field testing

5. Fineness by sieve test and Blaine's air permeability test

6. Normal consistency, testing time, soundness

7. Compression strength of cement and grades of cement

8. Quality of mixing water

UNIT II 9. Fine aggregate - grading, analysis

10. Fine aggregate: Specify gravity, bulking

11. Fine aggregate: moisture content, deleterious materials

12. Coarse aggregate – Importance of size

13. Coarse aggregate – shape and texture.Grading of aggregates

14. Sieve analysis

15. Coarse aggregate – specific gravity, Flakiness and elongation index

16. Crushing, impact and abrasion tests

UNIT III 17. Workability - factors affecting workability

18. Measurement of workability - slump, flow tests

19. Compaction factor and vee-bee consistometer tests

20. Segregation and bleeding

21. Process of manufactures of concrete

22. Process of manufactures of concrete

23. Batching, Mixing, Transporting

24. Placing, Compaction, Curing UNIT IV 25. Chemical admixtures 26. Plasticizers, accelerators

27. Retarders and air entraining agents

28. Mineral admixtures

29. Fly ash

30. Silica fumes

31. Rice husk ash


PAGE 93 MVJCE

Period No. TOPIC TO BE COVERED

UNIT V 32. Factors affecting strength

33. W/c ratio, gel/space ratio, maturity concept

34. Effect of aggregate properties, relation between compressive strength and tensile strength

35. Bond strength, modulus of rupture

36. Accelerated curing

37. Aggregate - cement bond strength

38. Testing of hardened concrete - compressive strength

39. Split tensile strength, Flexural strength

40.

Factors influencing strength test results.

UNIT VI

41. Elasticity - Relation between modulus of elasticity and Strength

42. Factors affecting modulus of elasticity, Poisson Ratio

43. Shrinkage - plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage

44. Factors affecting shrinkage

45. Factors affecting shrinkage

46. Creep - Measurement of creep

47. Factors affecting creep

48. Effect of creep

UNIT VII 49. Durability - definition, significance

50. Permeability, Sulphate attack, Chloride attack

51. Carbonation, freezing and thawing

52. Factors contributing to cracks in concrete

53. Plastic shrinkage, settlement cracks

54. Construction joints, Thermal expansion

55. Transition zone, structural design deficiencies

UNIT VIII

56. Concept of Concrete Mix design

57. variables in proportioning

58. exposure conditions

59. Procedure of mix design as per IS 10262-1982

60. Procedure of mix design as per IS 10262-1982

61. Numerical examples of Mix Design

62. Numerical examples of Mix Design


PAGE 94 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK Unit-I 1.What are the requirements of good foundations? 2.Explain with the help of sketches, various types of shallow foundations. 3.Define the following terms 1.safe bearing capacity of soil 2.ultimate bearing capacity 3.allowable bearing pressure 4.Explain in detail the plate load test for determining safe bearing capacity of soil. 5.Find the dimensions of a combined rectangular footing for two columns carrying load of 40 t and 60 t respectively. The columns are spaced 3m center to center. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 10 t/m2 Unit-II 1.Classify various types of stone masonry and explain it with neat sketches. 2.Explain with sketches various types of joints used in ashlars stone masonry. 3.Write short notes on 1.header bond 2.stretcher bond 4.Draw plans of alternate courses of 1.5 brick wall,2-brick wall 5.Differentiate and compare English, Flemish bond and double Flemish bond Unit-III 1.Explain the following terms 1.lintel 2.chajja 3.balcony 2.Write the classification of lintels Explain with sketches 3.Draw a neat sketch of an arch and show it various technical terms used in construction 4. Explain with the help of sketches various types of pointed arches 5.Discuss briefly about shoring underpinning and scaffolding


PAGE 95 MVJCE

Unit-IV 1.Explain brief the essential requirements of a floor 2.Explain the method of constructing 1.cemet concrete flooring .2.terrazzo flooring

3. Explain brief the essential requirements of a roof. 4. Define the following terms1.pitch 2.eaves 3cleat 5. Give the sketches of king post truss and queen post truss

Unit-V 1.Explain with neat sketches the following types of doors 1.Battened, ledged, braced and framed doors 2.Framed and paneled doors 2.Write short notes on the following 1.sliding doors 2.collapsible doors 3. Write short notes on the following 1.louvered windows 2.bay windows 3.skylight 4. Explain brief the essential requirements of a good stair case 5. Write short notes on the following 1.Doglegged stairs 2.open newel stairs Unit-VI 1. Explain brief the essential characteristics of good paint and good varnish 2.Explain the procedure of painting 1.wood surfaces 2.plastered surfaces 3.iron and steel surfaces 3.Write a short notes on distempers and co lour washing 4.Explain various defects in painting 5.Explain various types of plaster finishes and requirements of good plaster


PAGE 96 MVJCE

Unit-VII 1.Write a note on hollow block masonry 2.What are the Advantages of Pre fabrication techniques 3. Write short notes on the following 1. Hollow concrete blocks 2. Stabilized mud blocks 4. Write short notes on the following 1. Micro concrete tiles,

2. Precast roofing elements Unit-VIII 1.Draw a typical sketch for the form works 1.rectangular column 2.octagonal column 2.Draw a typical sketches of formwork for abeam slab floor 3.Explain various causes of dampness in building 4.Describe various methods of damp proofing for the following 1.foundations 2.floors


PAGE 97 MVJCE

10 CV43 – STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS – I


PAGE 98 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code: 10CV43 I.A. Marks: 25

Hours per week: 05 Exam Hours: 03

Total Hours: 62 Exam Marks: 100

UNIT I

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND ENERGY CONCEPT 1.1 Forms of structures, 1.2 Conditions of equilibrium, 1.3 Degree of freedom, 1.4 Linear and Non linear structures, 1.5 One, two, three dimensional structural systems, 1.6 Determinate and indeterminate structures [Static and Kinematics]. 1.7 Strain energy and complimentary strain energy, 1.8 Strain energy due to axial load, bending and shear, 1.9 Theorem of minimum potential energy, 1.10 Law of conservation of energy, 1.11 Principle of virtual work, 07 Hr

UNIT II DEFLECTION OF BEAMS 2.1 Moment area method, 2.2 Conjugate beam method 06 Hr

UNIT III DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND FRAMES BY STRAIN ENERGY 3.1 The first and second theorem of Castigliano, problems on beams, frames and trusses, 3.2 Betti’s law, 3.3 Clarke - Maxwell’s theorem of reciprocal deflection. 07 Hr

UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF BEAMS AND PLANE TRUSSES BY STRAIN ENERGY 4.1 Analysis of beams (Propped cantilever and Fixed beams) and trusses using strain energy and unit load methods 07 Hr

PART – B

UNIT V ARCHES AND CABLES 5.1 Three hinged circular and parabolic arches with supports at same levels and different levels, 5.2 Determination of thrust, shear and bending moment, 5.3 Analysis of cables under point loads and UDL, length of cables (Supports at same levels and at different levels). 06 Hr

UNIT VI ANALYSIS OF BEAMS 6.1 Consistent deformation method – Propped cantilever and fixed beams 06 Hr


PAGE 99 MVJCE

UNIT VII

7.1 Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments – continuous beams and fixed beams 06 Hr

UNIT VIII ANALYSIS OF ARCHES 8.1 Two hinged parabolic arch, 8.2 Two hinged Circular Arch 07 Hr TEXT BOOKS:

1. Theory of Structures, Pandit and Guptha, Vol. – I, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2. Basic Structural Analysis Reddy C. S., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 3. Strength of Materials and theory of structures Vol I & II, B.C. Pumia , R.K., Jain

Laxmi Publication New Delhi REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Elementary Structural Analysis, Norris and Wilbur, International Student Edition. McGraw Hill Book Co: New York

2. Structural Analysis, 4th SI Edition by Amit Prasanth & Aslam Kassimali, Thomson Learning.

3. Analysis of Structures, Thandava Murthy, Oxford University Press, Edition 2005.


PAGE 100 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN Subject Code: 10CV43 Hours / Week: 5 IA Marks: 25 Total Hours: 62

Period No

Topics to be covered

UNIT I (STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND ENERGY CONCEPT) 1. Forms of structures

2. Conditions of equilibrium, Degree of freedom, Linear and Non linear structures

3. One, two, three dimensional structural systems

4. Determinate and indeterminate structures [Static and Kinematics].

5. Strain energy and complimentary strain energy

6. Strain energy due to axial load, bending and shear

7. Theorem of minimum potential energy

8. Law of conservation of energy, Principle of virtual work

UNIT II (DEFLECTION OF BEAMS) 9. Moment area method

10. Moment area method



13. Conjugate beam method



UNIT III DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND FRAMES BY STRAIN ENERGY

16. The first and second theorem of Castigliano

17. problems on beams

18. problems on beams

19. frames and trusses

20. frames and trusses

21. Betti’s law

22. Clarke - Maxwell’s theorem of reciprocal deflection



UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF BEAMS AND PLANE TRUSSES BY STRAIN ENERGY

25. Analysis of beams (Propped cantilever and Fixed beams)

26. Problems on Analysis of beams (Propped cantilever and Fixed beams)

27. Problems on Analysis of beams (Propped cantilever and Fixed beams)

28. Analysis of trusses using strain energy and unit load methods

29. Problems on Analysis of trusses using strain energy and unit load methods






PAGE 101 MVJCE

Period


UNIT V

ARCHES AND CABLES

34. Three hinged circular and parabolic arches with supports at same levels and different levels

35. Three hinged circular and parabolic arches with supports at same levels and different levels

36. Determination of thrust, shear and bending moment

37. Analysis of cables under point loads and UDL

38. Analysis of cables under point loads and UDL

39. length of cables (Supports at same levels and at different levels).

40. Problems: length of cables (Supports at same levels and at different levels).

41. Problems: length of cables (Supports at same levels and at different levels).

UNIT VI ANALYSIS OF BEAMS

42. Consistent deformation method – Propped cantilever

43. Problems on Consistent deformation method – Propped cantilever

44. Problems on Consistent deformation method – Propped cantilever

45. Consistent deformation method – fixed beams

46. Problems on Consistent deformation method – fixed beams

47. Problems on Consistent deformation method – fixed beams

UNIT VII

48. Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments – continuous beams

49. Problems on Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments – continuous beams



52. Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments –fixed beams

53. Problems on Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments –fixed beams

54. Problems on Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments –fixed beams

UNIT VIII

ANALYSIS OF ARCHES 55. Two hinged parabolic arch

56. Problems on Two hinged parabolic arch

57. Problems on Two hinged parabolic arch

58. Two hinged Circular Arch

59. Problems on Two hinged Circular Arch



62. Revision


PAGE 102 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK 1. a) State the important assumptions made in the analysis of determinate ieoirw

b) Find the foxes in all the members of the truss by the method of joints

2. a) Explain:

i) Geometric non linearity and ii) Material non linearity

b) Determine the magnitude and nature of the force in each of the members of the tress shown in fig (i) by the method of joints

3. a) Determine the magnitude and nature of forces in the members NO and SR by method of

sections (fig 1)


PAGE 103 MVJCE

b) Determine the forces in the members of the truss in fig. 2 by method of joints. Draw neat

sketch showing nature and magnitude of forces

4. a) Prove that in case of a simply supported beam subjected to all over the entire span, the

maximum deflection is 5/384 WL*/EI. using area method b) Find the slopes at support and deflection at mid point for the beam showing using conjugate beam principles. Take E = 210 Gps. I = 120 × 106 mm4.

5. a) State moment area theorems. b) A beam ABCD is simply supported at its ends A and D. It consists of three portions AB. BC and CD, each of 3m in length. The moment of inertia of these sections are t. 21 and 31 respectively. The beam carries point loads of 50 KN and 100 KN at B & C determine the slope and deflection at B & C, using conjugate beam method. Take H = 200 GPa and I = 2 × 1010mm.

6. a) A simply supported beam of length T carries a UDI of “w” per unit run over the whole span find the slope end at deflection at centre by conjugate beam method. Take EI constant. b) Determine the slopes and deflections at the ends and at 1/3 rd points for simply supported (SS) beam loaded by W each at 1/3 rd points on a span: 1.. Use of moment area method. Take EI constant.


PAGE 104 MVJCE


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PAGE 109 MVJCE

10 CV44 – SURVEYING –II


PAGE 110 MVJCE


PART – A

UNIT I

THEODOLITE SURVEY 1.1 Thedolite and types, 1.2 Fundamental axes and parts of a transit theodolite, 1.3 Uses of theodolite, 1.4 Temperary adjustments of a transit thedolite, 1.5 Measurement of horizontal angles – Method of repetitions and reiterations, 1.6 Measurements of vertical angles, 1.7 Prolonging a straight line by a theodolite in adjustment and theodolite not in adjustment

06 Hr

UNIT II PERMANENT ADJUSTMENT OF DUMPY LEVEL AND TRANSIT THE ODOLITE 2.1 Interrelationship between fundamental axes for instrument to be in adjustment and step by step procedure of obtaining permanent adjustments 07 Hr

UNIT III TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING 3.1 Determination of elevation of objects when the base is accessible and inaccessible by single plane and double plane method, 3.2 Distance and difference in elevation between two inaccessible objects by double plane method. Salient features of Total Station, Advantages of Total Station over conventional instruments, Application of Total Station. 08 Hr

UNIT IV TACHEOMETRY 4.1 Basic principle, 4.2 Types of tacheometric survey, 4.3 Tacheometric equation for horizontal line of sight and inclined line of sight in fixed hair method, 4.4 Anallactic lens in external focusing telescopes, 4.5 Reducing the constants in internal focusing telescope, 4.6 Moving hair method and tangential method, 4.7 Subtance bar, 4.8 Beaman stadia arc. 07 Hr

PART – B

UNIT V

CURVE SETTING (Simple curves) 5.1 Curves – Necessity – Types, 5.2 Simple curves, 5.3 Elements, 5.4 Designation of curves, 5.5 Setting out simple curves by linear methods, 5.6 Setting out curves by Rankines deflection angle method. 06 Hr


PAGE 111 MVJCE

UNIT VI

CURVE SETTING (Compound and Reverse curves) 6.1 Compound curves 6.2 Elements 6.3 Design of compound curves 6.4 Setting out of compound curves 6.5 Reverse curve between two parallel straights (Equal radius and unequal radius). 06 Hr

UNIT VII

CURVE SETTING (Transition and Vertical curves) 7.1 Transition curves 7.2 Characteristics 7.3 Length of Transition curve 7.4 Setting out cubic Parabola and Bernoulli’s Lemniscates, 7.5 Vertical curves – Types – Simple numerical problems. 06 Hr

UNIT VIII AREAS AND VOLUMES 8.1 Calculation of area from cross staff surveying, 8.2 Calculation of area of a closed traverse by coordinates method. 8.3 Planimeter – principle of working and use of planimeter to measure areas, digital planimter, 8.4 Computations of volumes by trapezoidal and prismoidal rule, 8.5 Capacity contours 06 Hr TEXT BOOKS:

1.‘Surveying’ Vol 2 and Vol 3 - B. C. Punmia, Laxmi Publications 2.‘Plane Surveying’ A. M. Chandra – New age international ( P) Ltd 3.‘Higher Surveying’ A.M. Chandra New age international (P) Ltd

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fundamentals of Surveying - Milton O. Schimidt – Wong, Thomson Learning. 2. Fundamentals of Surveying - S.K. Roy – Prentice Hall of India 3. Surveying, Arther Bannister et al., Pearson Education, India


PAGE 112 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Code: 10CV44 Hours / Week: 5 IA Marks: 25 Total Hours: 62

Period

No Topics to be covered (in detail)

1. PART A

UNIT –1: THEODOLITE SURVEY 1.1 Theodolite and types

2. 1.2 Fundamental axes and parts of a transit Theodolite.

3. 1.3 Uses of Theodolite, 1.4 Temporary adjustments of a transit Theodolite

4. 1.5 Measurement horizontal angles - Method of repetitions.

5. 1.5 Measurement horizontal angles - Method of reiterations.

6. 1.6 Measurement s vertical angles,

7. 1.7 Prolonging a straight line by a Theodolite in adjustment and Theodolite not in adjustment.

8. UNIT - 2: PERMANENT ADJUSTMENT OF DUMPY LEVEL AND TRANSIT THEODOLITE 2.1 Interrelationship between fundamental axes for dumpy level.

9. To make the vertical axis truly vertical so as to ensure that once the instrument is levelled up, the bubble will remain central in all directions of sighting.

10. Procedure to ensure that the horizontal cross hair lie in a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis.

11. Procedure to ensure that the line of collimation is parallel to the axis of the bubble tube.

12. PERMANENT ADJUSTMENT OF TRANSIT THEODOLITE 1) Adjustment of plate level

13. 2) Adjustment of line of sight

14. 3) Adjustment of the horizontal sight

15. 4) Adjustment of altitude bubble and vertical index frame.

16. UNIT – 3: TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING 3.1-Determination of elevation objects when the base accessible by single plane methods

17. Determination of elevation objects when the base accessible by double plane methods

18. Determination of elevation objects when the base inaccessible by single plane method

19. Determination of elevation objects when the base inaccessible by double plane method

20. 3.2-Distance and difference in elevation between two inaccessible objects by double plane method.

21. Distance and difference in elevation between two inaccessible objects by double plane method.

22. Related problems

23. Salient features of Total Station

24. Advantages of Total Station over conventional instruments, Application of Total Station


PAGE 113 MVJCE

Period


25. UNIT – 4: TACHEOMETRY 4.1 Basic principle, 4.2 Types of tachometric survey.

26. 4.3 Tachometric equation for horizontal Lime of site and inclined line of sight in fixed hair method.

27. 4.4 Anallatic lens in external focusing telescopes.

28. 4.5 Reducing the contents in internal focusing telescope

29. 4.6 Moving hair method and tangential method

30. 4.7 Subtance bar 4.8 Beaman stadia arc

31. Problems on Tacheometry




35. PART - B

UNIT – 5:CURVE SETTING 5.1 Curves - Necessity - Types

36. 5.2 Simple curves 5.3 Elements 5.4 Designation of curves -

37. 5.5 setting out simple curves by linear methods



40. 5.6 setting out simple curves by method of Rankines deflection angles



43. UNIT – 6: CURVE SETTING (Simple curves) 6.1 Compound curves 6.2 Elements – 6.3 Design of compound curves

44. 6.4 Setting out of compound curves.



47. 6.5 Reverse curve between two parallel straights - Equal radius - Unequal radius



50. UNIT – 7:CURVE SETTING (Transition and vertical cur ves) 7.1 Transition curves – 7.2 Characteristics 7.3 Length of Transition curve

51. 7.4 Setting out cubic Parabola and Bernoulli's Lemniscates.



54. 7.5 Vertical curves - Types -



PAGE 114 MVJCE

Period



57. UNIT – 8: AREAS AND VOLUMES 8.1 Calculation of area from cross staff surveying

58. 8.2 Calculation of area of a closed traverse by coordinates method.

59. 8.3 Planimeter - principle of working and use of planimeter to measure areas, digital planimeter

60. 8.4 Computations of volumes by trapezoidal and prismoidal rule.

61. 8.5 Capacity contours.



PAGE 115 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

1. What is the temporary adjustment of a theodolite?

2. Describe the process of measuring the horizontal angle?

3. Describe how you would measure vertical angle?

4. Describe the process of repetition and reiteration?

5. How would you measure deflection angle?

6. Describe the process of measuring the magnetic bearing of a line by theodolite?

7. What are the methods of traversing by theodolite?

8. Describe the methods of checking the accuracy of closed and open traverse?

9. What are the possible sources of error while using a theodolite?

How can they be eliminated?

10. How is the closing error in a traverse balanced?

11. Describe the process of permanent adjustment of a theodolite?

12. How can the height of a tower be determined when is it inaccessible?

13. Define the following terms? 1) Centering 2) Swinging 3) Transiting 4) face left 5) Face right 6) Telescope normal 7) Telescope inverted 8) Magnification

14. a) Why is a curve provided?

b) What is the degree of a curve? c) Derive a relation between the radius and degree of a curve?

15. What are the different types of curves? Draw neat sketch? 16. Describe how you would set a circular curve by the method of offsets from the long chord

with the help of a chain and tape? 17. Describe the method of setting a simple circular curve by Rankine’s deflection curve?

18. a) Explain why superelevation is required in roads and railways? b) What is a transition curve? c) Why and where are transition curves provided?

19. State the different methods of calculating the length of a transition curve?

20. What is shift/ prove that a transition curve bisects a shift and that a shift bisects a transition curve?

21. Derive an expression for an ideal transition curve?

22. a) What is vertical curve? b) Why is it provided? c) State an expression for calculating the length of a vertical curve?


PAGE 116 MVJCE

23. Two straight lines T1 P and PT2 are intersected by a third line AB, such that an

angle PAB= 460 241 ∠PBA = 320 361 and the distance AB= 312m. Calculate the radius of the simple circular curve which will be tangential to the three lines T1P, AB and PT2 and the chainage of the curve (T1), if the chainage of the point P1 is 2,857.5 m.

24. Discuss the methods of tachometer?

25. Explain the theory of stadia tachometry?

26. Describe the method of determining the constants of a tachometer from the field measurements?

27. Explain the object and theory of the anallatic lens?

28. Describe with a neat sketch the construction and working of the sub tense bar?

29. What are the sources of error in tacheometer?what are the permissible errors?

30. Describe how tachometric surveying is conducted in the field?

31. A tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens and having a multiplying constant of 100 was set up at R, which is an intermediate point on a traverse leg AB. The following readings were taken with the staff held vertically

Staff station Bearing Vertical angle Intercept Axial hair

reading A 400351 - 40241 2.21 1.99 B 220351 - 50121 2.02 1.90

Calculate the length AB and the level difference between A and B


PAGE 117 MVJCE

10 CV45 – HYDRAULICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINES


PAGE 118 MVJCE


UNIT I

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES Introduction, Systems of units, Dimensions of quantities, Dimensional Homogeneity of an equation. Analysis- Raleigh’s method, Buckingham’s Π theorem- problems. Model Studies, Similitude, Non-dimensional numbers: Froude models-Undistorted and Distorted models. Reynold’s models- Problems 07 Hr

UNIT II UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS Introduction, Geometric properties of Rectangular, Triangular, Trapezoidal and Circular channels. Chezy’s equation, Manning’s equation-problems. Most economical open channels-Rectangular, Triangular, Trapezoidal and Circular channeles- problems. 06 Hr

UNIT III NON-UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS Introduction, Specific energy, Specific energy diagram, Critical depth, Conditions for Critical flow- Theory & problems. Hydraulic jump in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel- Theory and problems. Dynamic equation for Non-Uniform flow in an Open channel, Classification of Surface profiles- simple Problems. 07 Hr

UNIT IV IMPACT OF JET ON FLAT VANES Introduction, Impulse- Momentum equation. Direct impact of a jet on a stationary flat plate, Oblique impact of a jet on a stationary flat plate, Direct impact on a moving plate, Direct impact of a jet on a series of a jet on a series of flat vanes on a wheel. Conditions for maximum hydraulic efficiency. Impact of a jet on a hinged flat plate- problems. 06 Hr

PART-B

UNIT V IMPACT OF JET ON CURVED VANES Introduction, Force exerted by a jet on a fixed curved vane, moving curved vane. Introduction to concept of velocity triangles, Impact of jet on a series of curved vanes-problems. 06 Hr

UNIT VI PELTON WHEEL Introduction to Turbines, Classification of Turbines. Pelton wheel- components, working and velocity triangles. Maximum power, efficiency, working proportions- problems. 07 Hr


PAGE 119 MVJCE

UNIT VII

KAPLAN TURBINES Introduction, Components, Working and Velocity triangles, Properties of the Turbine, Discharge of the Turbines, Number of Blades-Problems. Draft Tube: Types, efficiency of a Draft tube.Introduction to Cavitation in Turbines. 07 Hr

UNIT VIII CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Introduction, Classification, Priming, methods of priming. Heads and Efficiencies. Equation for work done, minimum starting speed, velocity triangles. Multistage Centrifugal Pumps ( Pumos in Series and Pumps in parallel). Characteristic Curves for a Single stage Centrifugal Pumps- problems. 06 Hr TEXT BOOKS:

1. ‘A TextBook of Fluid mechanics & Hydraulic Machines’- R.K.Rajput, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi, 2006 Edition.

2. ‘ Text Book Of Fluid Mechanics& Hydralic Machines’- R.K.Bansal, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi, 2008 Edition.

3. ‘ Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachines’- Madan Mohan Das, PHI Learning Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. 2009 Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. ‘ Introduction to Fluid Mechanics’ – Robert w. Fox: Philip j. Pritchard: Alan t. McDonald,

Wiley India, New Delhi, 2009 Edition. 2. ‘Introduction To Fluid Mechanics’ – Edward j. Shaughnessy,jr; Ira m. Katz:; James p

Schaffer, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2005 Edition. 3. ‘Hydraulics and Fluid Mrchanics’ – Dr. P.N. Modi& Dr S.M. Seth, Standard Book House-

New Delhi. 2009 Edition..


PAGE 120 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Code: 10CV45 Hours / Week: 5 IA Marks:25 Total Hours: 62

Period


UNIT I DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES

1. Introduction, Systems of units

2. Dimensions of quantities

3. Dimensional Homogeneity of an equation

4. Analysis- Raleigh’s method

5. Buckingham’s Π theorem- problems

6. Model Studies, Similitude

7. Non-dimensional numbers: Froude models-Undistorted and Distorted models

8. Non-dimensional numbers: Froude models-Undistorted and Distorted models

9. Reynold’s models- Problems

10. Problems UNIT II

UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS 13. Introduction, Geometric properties of Rectangular

14. Triangular, Trapezoidal and Circular channels. Chezy’s equation

15. Manning’s equation-problems

16. Most economical open channels-Rectangular

17. Triangular, Trapezoidal and Circular channeles- problems

18. Triangular, Trapezoidal and Circular channeles- problems

19. Triangular, Trapezoidal and Circular channeles- problems UNIT III

NON-UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS 20. Introduction, Specific energy, Specific energy diagram

21. Critical depth, Conditions for Critical flow- Theory

22. Conditions for Critical flow- problems

23. Hydraulic jump in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel- Theory

24. Hydraulic jump in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel- problems.

25. Dynamic equation for Non-Uniform flow in an Open channel

26. Dynamic equation for Non-Uniform flow in an Open channel

27. Classification of Surface profiles- simple Problems

28. Classification of Surface profiles- simple Problems

UNIT IV IMPACT OF JET ON FLAT VANES

29. Introduction, Impulse- Momentum equation

30. Direct impact of a jet on a stationary flat plate

31. Oblique impact of a jet on a stationary flat plate


PAGE 121 MVJCE

Period No Topics to be covered

32. Direct impact on a moving plate

33. Direct impact of a jet on a series of a jet on a series of flat vanes on a wheel

34. Conditions for maximum hydraulic efficiency

35. Conditions for maximum hydraulic efficiency

36. Impact of a jet on a hinged flat plate- problems

UNIT V

IMPACT OF JET ON CURVED VANES 37. Introduction, Force exerted by a jet on a fixed curved vane

38. Force exerted by a jet on a fixed curved vane

39. Force exerted by a jet on a moving curved vane 40. Introduction to concept of velocity triangles

41. Impact of jet on a series of curved vanes-problems



UNIT VI

PELTON WHEEL 44. Introduction to Turbines

45. Classification of Turbines

46. Classification of Turbines

47. Pelton wheel- components

48. Pelton wheel- working and velocity triangles

49. Maximum power, efficiency

50. Working proportions- problems

51. working proportions- problems

UNIT VII KAPLAN TURBINES

52. Introduction, Components, Working and Velocity triangles

53. Properties of the Turbine

54. Discharge of the Turbines, Number of Blades-Problems

55. Draft Tube: Types, efficiency of a Draft tube

56. Introduction to Cavitation in Turbines

UNIT VIII CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

57. Introduction, Classification, Priming, methods of priming

58. Heads and Efficiencies. Equation for work done, minimum starting speed

59. Velocity triangles

60. Multistage Centrifugal Pumps ( Pumos in Series and Pumps in parallel).

61. Characteristic Curves for a Single stage Centrifugal Pumps

62. Problems


PAGE 122 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

1. A rectangular channel carries water at the rate of 500 litres/sec when bed slope of 1 in 3000. Find the most economical dimensions of the channel if C=60.

2. A trapezoidal channel has side slopes of 1 h to 2v and the slope of the bed is 1 in 2000. The area of the section is 42 m2. Find the dimensions of the section if it is most economical. Determine the discharge of the most economical section is C=60.

3. The discharge of water through a rectangular channel of width 6m is 18m3/sec when depth of flow of water is 2m. Calculate :

i) Specific energy of the flowing water. ii) Critical depth and Critical velocity iii) Value of minimum specific energy

4. The depth of flow of water,at a certain section of a rectangular channel of 5m wide is 0.6m. The discharge through the channel is 15m3/sec. If a hydraulic jump takes place on the down stream side, find the depth of flow after the jump.

WATER HAMMER IN PIPES

1. A nozzle is fitted at the end of a pipe of length 400m and of diameter 150mm. For the maximum transmission of power through the nozzle, find the diameter of the nozzle. Take f=0.008

2. The head of water at the inlet of a pipe of length 1500m and of diameter 400mm is 50m. A nozzle of diameter 80mm at the outlet is fitted to the pipe. Find the velocity of water at the outlet of the nozzle if f-0.01 for the pipe.

3. The water is flowing with a velocity of 2m/sec in a pipe of length 2000m and of diameter 600mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. Find the rise in pressure if the valve is closed in 20 seconds. Take the value of C=1420m/sec.

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL SIMILITUDE

1. The variables controlling the motion of a floating vessel through water are the drag force F, the speed V, the length L, the density ρ and dynamic viscosity µ of water and acceleration due to gravity g Derive an expression for F by dimensional analysis.

2. A ship 250m long moves in sea-water, whose density is 1030 kg/m3. A 1:125 mode of this ship is to be tested in wind tunnel. The velocity of air in the wind tunnel around the model is 20m/sec and the resistance of the model is 50N. Determine the velocity of ship in sea-water and also the resistance of the ship in sea-water. The density of air is given as 1.24 kg/m3. Take the kinematic viscosity of sea-water and air as 0.012stokes and 0.018 stokes respectively.

3. In 1:30 model of a spillway, the velocity and discharge are 1.5m/sec and 2.0m3/sec. Find the corresponding velocity and discharge in the prototype.

4. The efficiency η of geometrically similar fan depends upon the mass density of air ρ, its viscosity µ, speed of fan N(revolutions per sec), diameter of blades D and discharge Q. Perform dimensional analysis.


PAGE 123 MVJCE

IMPACT OF JETS ON VANES

1. A jet of water of diameter 50mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/sec strikes a fixed plate in such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 60 degrees. Find the force exerted by the jet on the plate

i) in the direction normal to the plate ii) in the direction of the jet.

2. A jet of water of diameter 100mm moving with a velocity of 30 m/sec strikes a curved fixed symmetrical plate at the centre. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in the direction of the jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 120 degrees at the outlet of the curved plate.

3. A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30 degree with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 120 degree to the direction of motion of vane at outlet. Calculate: (i) Vane angles, if the water enters and leaves the vane without shock, (ii) Work done per second per unit weight of water striking the vanes per second.

4. A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s. strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel which is rotating at 300 r.p.m. the jet makes an angle of 30 degree with the tangent to wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel with a velocity of 4 m/s. at an angle of 120 degree to the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing from outward in a radial direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are 0.6 m and respectively. Determine: (i) vane angles at inlet outlet, (ii) work done per second per kg of water, and (iii) efficiency of the wheel.

HYDRAULIC TURBINES

1. Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 35 m/s. with a jet of water flowing at the rate of 1 m3/s. under a head of 270 m. the bucket deflect the jet through and angle of 170. Calculate the power delivered to the runner and the hydrologic efficiency of the turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity at 0.98.

2. An outwards flow reaction turbine as internal and external diameter of the runner as 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. The guide blade angle is 15 degree and velocity of flow through the runner is constant and equal to 3 m/s. If the speed of the turbine is 250 r.p.m, head on turbine is 10 m and discharge outlet is radial determine: (i) The runner vane angles at inlet and outlet,(ii) Work done by the water and the runner per second per unit Weight of te water striking per second and (iii) Hydraulic efficiency.

3. A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 15 m develops 7357.5 KW shaft power. The outer diameter of the runner is 4 m and hub diameter 2m. The guide blade angle at the extreme edge of the runner 30 degree. . The hydraulic and overall efficiencies of the turbine are 90% and 85% respectively. If the velocity of whirl is zero at outlet, determine: (i) Runner vane angles at inlet and outlet at the extreme edge of the runner and speed of the turbine.

4. A conical draft tube having inlet diameters 0.8 m and 1.2 m discharges water at outlet with velocity of 3 m/s. The total length of the draft tube is 8 m and 2 m of the length of draft tube is immersed in water. If the atmospheric pressure head is 10.3 m of water and loss of head due to friction in the draft tube is equal to 0.25 times the velocity head at outlet of the tube, find ; (i) Pressure head at inlet, and (ii) Effieciency of the draft tube.


PAGE 124 MVJCE

5. The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 300 mm

and 600 mm respectively. The pump is running at 1000 r.p.m. The vane angles at inlet and outlet are 20degree. and 30degree respectively The water enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller per unit weight of water.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

1. Centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times the inner diameter and running at 1200 r.p.m. works against a total head of 75 m. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 3 m/s. The vanes are set back at an angle of 30 degree at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller, © man metric efficiency.

2. A centrifugal pump is running at 1000 r.p.m. The outlet vane angle of the impeller is 30 degree and velocity of flow at outlet is 3 c/s. The pump is working against a total head of 30 m and the discharge through the pump is 0.3 m3 /s. If the man metric efficacy of the pump is 75%, determine: (i) the diameter of the impeller, and (ii) the width of the impeller at outlet. The diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are 300 mm and 600 mm respectively. The velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5 m/s. and vanes are set back at an angle of 45degree at outlet. Determine the minimum starting speed of the pump if the man metric efficiency is 75 %.


PAGE 125 MVJCE

10 CV46 – BUILDING PLANNING & DRAWING


PAGE 126 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code: 10 CV46 I.A. Marks: 25


Total Hours: 52 Exam Marks: 100

1. To prepare geomatrical drawing of component of buildings i) Stepped wall footing and isolated RCC column footing, ii) Fully paneled and flush doors, iii) Half paneled and half-glazed window, iv) RCC dog legged and open well stairs, v) Steel truss. 15 Hr 2. Functional design of building (Residential, Public and Industrial), positioning of various components of buildings, orientation of buildings, building standards, bye laws, set back distances and calculation of carpet area, plinth area and floor area ratio. 09 Hr 3. Development of plan, elevation, section and schedule of openings from the given line diagram of residential buildings, i) Two bed room building, ii) Two storeyed building. 27 Hr 4 Functional design of building using inter connectivity diagrams (bubble diagram), development of line diagram only for fallowing building i) Primary health centre, ii) Primary school building, iii) College canteen iv) Office building 12 Hr 5 For a given single line diagram, preparation of water supply, sanitary and electrical layouts

06 Hr REFERENCE BOOKS:

1 “Building Drawing” , Shah M.H and Kale C.M, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing co. Ltd., New Delhi.

2 “Building Construction”, Gurucharan Singh, Standard Publishers &distributors,New Delhi.

3 National Building Code, BIS, New Delhi. IA MARKS 15 Marks for term work 10 Marks for a test conducted at the end of the semester of 4hrs duration on the Line of VTU Examination TERM WORKS DETAILS: Sheet No: 1 to 4 from chapter No1 Sheet No: 5 to 8 from chapter No3 Sheet No: 9 to 13 from chapter No4 Sheet No: 14 &15 from chapter No5 SCHEME OF EXAMINATION Section-I Compulsory question from chapter No 3 for 60 Marks Plan………………………25 Elevation…………………15 Section…………………...15 60 Schedule of opening……..05 Section-II Four questions from chapters 1, 2, 4 and 5 should be set, out of which two have to be answered (20 x 2 = 40 Marks). Note: No theory question shall be asked from any chapter.


PAGE 127 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Hours / Week: 5

IA Marks: 25 Total Hours: 62

Session No. Topic to be covered

1. SHEET 1: To prepare working drawing of component of building

i) Stepped wall footing and isolated RCC column footing


(1) Fully paneled and flush door,


(2) Half paneled and half-glazed window,


(3) RCC dog ledged and open well stairs (4) Steel truss

5.

• Introduction to Building Drawing • Symbols used for representation of different materials on drawing

sheet: stone, bricks, concrete, wood, sand, glass, ground level • Boarders, title box lettering • Definitions: PLAN, SECTION, ELEVATION SHEET 5: Draw the Plan, Section, Elevation and Schedule for the given line sketch.

6.

• Bye laws for Building construction according to National Building Code: 1) Building line ii) offset distance iii) plinth area iv) Floor Space Index (FSI) V) Carpet area.

SHEET 6: Design & Draw a residential building an a plot with East Orientation

7.

• Orientation and positioning of various components of building • Principles of planning SHEET 7: Design & Draw a residential building an a plot with North Orientation

8. SHEET 8: Design & Draw a residential building an a plot with South Orientation

9. SHEET 9: Design & Draw a residential building an a plot with West Orientation

10. • Functional design of building using inter connectivity diagram

(bubble diagram) SHEET 10: Development of line diagram for Primary health centre

11. SHEET 11: Development of line diagram for Primary school building 12. SHEET 12: Development of line diagram for College canteen 13. SHEET 13: Development of line diagram for Office building

14. SHEET 14: Sketch the sanitary, plumbing layout details on a line sketch of a residential building.

15. SHEET 15: Sketch the electrical layout details on a line sketch of a residential building.


PAGE 128 MVJCE

QUESTION BANK

Theory Question

1) Define Orientation of a Building? How it is important in Building planning?

2) What are Principles planning?

3) Define the following: Aspect, Prospect, Roominess, Flexibility, Grouping, Privacy,

Elegance, Sanitation, Economy, Circulation

4) What are building Bye – Laws?

5) Define the following: Line of Building frontage, Set back line, Ribbon development

6) Define plan, section, elevation and schedule?

7) Explain the terms (i) Plinth area (ii) carpet area (iii) FAR

Working Drawing Of Components Of Building

1) Draw to a suitable scale, the sectional plan and front elevation of a fully paneled double leafed door.

2) Draw a typical sectional plan and elevation of a double shuttered glazed window.

3) Draw to a suitable scale the elevation of a North Light Roof Truss for a workshop

building having a clear span of 10m. The truss rests on RCC columns at 4m intervals. The roof is covered with corrugated AC Sheet over steel purlins.

4) Draw to a suitable scale for RCC dog legged stairs for the following conditions: Floor

to ceiling level = 3.0m, roof thickness = 0.15m, landing level = lintel level (2.1m), Type of building = residential. Draw sectional elevation ad plan.

5) Draw the typical cross section of a lintel with chajja, for a lintel span of 1.2m, chajja

projection is 0.6m.

6) Draw longitudinal sectional elevation of a RCC beam of span 4m with suitable reinforcement.

Residential Building

1) Design a 3-bed residential building along with all necessary amenities for a modern living on a site measuring 30mx20m situated within the Corporation Limits-and draw to a suitable scale plan, section, elevation, site plan.

2) Design a residential building on a site measuring 16mx27m of which 16m side falls along the road in the East side, conforming to the local building rules regarding side clearances and minimum floor areas for different purposes. The building is to cover 280 sq.m. Design the building providing the following requirements: a) Three bedroom with attached bath b) One front Verandah. C) One hall d) one kitchen and store e) one dinning hall f) one pooja room g) one common Toilet cum bath room h) one visitors room I) one servants room. Draw to a suitable scale plan, section, elevation, site plan.


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Public Building

1) Design a bank building with a plinth area of 143 sq.m. The site measures 24mx18m

and 18m faces the road on North side. Provide the following requirements: a) Manager b) Working place for different counters c) Cashier d) Strong room e) Sanitary block f) sanitary block g) Customer’s lobby. Draw to a suitable scale plan, section, elevation, site plan

2) Design a shopping complex on a site measuring 30mx16m with 30m facing road for

the following requirement: a) Shops 10nos 32.00sq.m each b) Staircase 17.5 sq. m. c) Toilet block 29.00 sq.m. Draw to a suitable scale plan, section, elevation, site plan

3) Design a Women’s Hostel to accommodate 100 candidate, 2 in a room along with

other necessary amenities an a site measuring 30mx50m situated within the Corporation Limits-and draw to a suitable

4) Design a municipal office building with a Plinth area of about 520sq.m. The site

measures 50mx70m and 50m side faces the road on East side. Provide the following accommodations: a) Chairman’s office b) Manager’s room c) Meeting hall d) Public grievance cell e) Records section f) Office room (3 to 4 rooms) g) Audit room h) Toilet units. Draw to a suitable scale plan, section, elevation, site plan

5) Design a Primary school building for a semi urban area with a plinth area

requirements of about 500 sq. m. on a site measuring 65mx110m of which 65m side faces road towards West. Provide the following requirements. A) Head master room b) common staff room with toilets c) class rooms (6No.s) d) Toilets for students (4Nos). E) Sports cum recreation room f) small room cum meeting hall. Draw to a suitable scale plan, section, elevation, site plan


PAGE 130 MVJCE

10 CVL47 – SURVEYING PRACTICE – II


PAGE 131 MVJCE

SYLLABUS

Sub Code: 10CVL47 I.A. Marks: 25


S. No. To be covered

Exercise – 1 Measurement of horizontal angles with method of repetition and reiteration using theodolite, Measurement of vertical angles using theodolite.

Exercise – 2 To determine the elevation of an object using single plane method when base is accessible and inaccessible.

Exercise – 3 To determine the distance and difference in elevation between two inaccessible points using double plane method.

Exercise – 4 To determine the tachemetric constants using horizontal and inclined line of sight.

Exercise – 5 To set out simple curves using linear methods – perpendicular offsets from long chord and offsets from chords produced.

Exercise – 6 To set out simple curves using Rankine’s deflection angles method.

Exercise – 7 To set out compound curve with angular methods with suing theodolite only.

Exercise – 8 To set out the center line of a simple rectangular room suing offset from base line

Exercise – 9 To set out center lines of columns of a building using two base lines at right angles

Demonstration Exposure to use of Total Station. Traversing, Longitudinal sections, Block levelling, Usage of relevant softwares for preparation of the contour drawings.


PAGE 132 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Subject Code: 10CVL47 Hours / Week: 3

IA Marks: 25 Total Hours: 42

S. No. Topics to be covered (in detail)

1. Measurement of horizontal angles by repetition and reiteration method

2. Determination of elevation of an object using single plane method whose base is accessible and inaccessible

3. Determination of distance and difference in elevation between two inaccessible points using double plane method

4. Determination of tacheometric constants using horizontal line of sight

5. Determination of distance between two inaccessible points suing tacheometric principles

6. Setting out simple curves using linear methods-perpendicular offsets from long chord and offsets from chords produced

7. Setting out simple curves using Rankine's deflection angles method

8. Using theodolite setting out compound curve

9. Using theodolite setting out reverse curve between two parallel line

10. To set out the center lines of a simple rectangular room using offset from the base

11. To set out the center lines of columns of a building using two base lines at right angles

12. To determine height of a remote object, horizontal distance and co-ordinates of points using Total station Instruments


PAGE 133 MVJCE

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What are the temporary adjustments of theodolite? 2. What is the difference between single plane & double plane method of theodolite? 3. How to eliminate the parallax? 4. Define curve? Where it is provided? 5. Define the degree of curve? 6. Name the different types of Horizontal curves? 7. Differentiate between the compound & reverse curves? 8. Explain in connection with curves- 1)P.C 2)P.T 3)P.I 4)P.C.C

5)P.R.C 9. What do you mean by super-elevation? 10. What is centrifugal ratio? 11. Define transition curve? 12. What are the different types of transition curves? 13. What are the different types of vertical curves? 14. In what circumstances the vertical curves are provided? 15. Explain summit and valley curves? 16. Differentiate between compound and combined curves?


PAGE 134 MVJCE

10 CVL48 – APPLIED ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LAB


PAGE 135 MVJCE

SYLLABUS


Exercise-1

Describe and identify the minerals based on their physical, special properties, chemical composition and uses. Study of important rock forming minerals, ores and other important industrial minerals. (As per the III semester theory syllabus) 2 practicals

Exercise-2

Describe and identify the rocks as per the theory syllabus by giving their physical properties and engineering uses. 2 practicals

Exercise-3

Study of Geological maps and their sections: interpreting them in terms of selecting the sites for various civil engineering structures. 3 practicals

Exercise-4

Dip and strike (surface method) problems: To find out the dip and strike of the geological formation to select suitable site for civil engineering structures. 2 practicals

Exercise-5

Borehole problems (sub surface dip and strike): three point level ground methods 2 practicals Exercise-6

Thickness of strata (out crops) problems: To determine the true thickness, vertical thickness and the width of the out crops on different topographical terrain. 1 practical

Exercise-7

Filed visit to Civil engineering projects –Dams, Reservoirs, Harbours etc. 3 days

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. Identification of Minerals (5 Nos.): 5x2 : 10 marks 2. Identification of Rocks (5Nos.): 5x2 : 10 marks 3. Geological Map: 1x 15 : 15 marks 4. Borehole Problems: 1x 05 : 05 marks 5. Dip and Strike Problems: 1x04 : 04 marks 6. Thickness of strata problems: 1x03 : 03 marks 7. Viva- Voce: 03 marks


PAGE 136 MVJCE

LESSON PLAN

Hours / Week: 3 IA Marks:25 Total Hours:42

S.No. Name of Practical

1 Quartz and its varieties Rock crystal, Rosv Quartz, Milky Quartz, Amethyst, gray quartz, blood stone, flint, agaite, chert, Jasper,Chalcedony, Opal

2 Feldspar group: Orthoclase, Plagioclase, Microcline Muscovite Biotite Hornblende, , Augite Olivine serpentine, Asbestos kaolin, talc, Garnet, Corundum. Gypsum, and baryte

3 Carbonates: Calsite, dolamite, Magnesite, Ore – minerals, Hematite, limonite, chromite, Iron pyrite, chlcopyrite, Pyrolusite, psilomelane, bauxite and gale

4 Identification of rocks based on their geological properties Igneous rocks:, Granite, Syenite, Diorite, gabbro,Dunite, Porphyries, dolerite,Pegmatite, Basalt, Rhyolite. Pumice

5 Sedinentary rocks: Sandstone, Limestone Shale ,Breccia, Conglomerate, and Laterite.

6. METAMORPHIC ROCKS: Gneiss, Quartzite. Marble Slate, Phyllite, Schists, and Charnockite

7 Thickness problems: 3 type

8. DIP AND STRIKE PROBLEMS: Definition of Dip and Strike, Types of Dips, 1Method: Determination of True Dip Direction (TDD) And True Dip Amount (tda) ADA= ADD= ADA= ADD= TDA=? TDD=?

9. 11 Method: Determination of Apparent Dip AMOUNT (ADA) TDA= TDD= ADA=? ADD

10. 111-Method: Determination of Apparent Dip Direct Ion (ADD) TDA= TDD= ADA= ADD=?

11 Bore hole problems (Three point problems) Triangle Method

12. Bore hole problems (THREE POINT PROBLEMS) Square Method

13. STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL MAPS: INCLUDING FIELD GEOLOGICAL MAPS: DEFINITION OF SOME SIMPLE TERMS: Geological map, Topographic map, Map, Contour, Contour interval, Characteristics of Contours.

14

Profile, Dip and Strike, FOLDS: Anticline, Syncline Faults Unconformities Dyke, Sill, Batholiths. Study of Geological Map No,s 1 AND 2 Along with Geological history.

15. STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL MAPS


PAGE 137 MVJCE

ORAL QUESTIONS

1. What is a mineral? 2. What is a luster? 3. What is a cleavage? 4. What is hardness in minerals? 5. What is fracture in minerals? 6. What is streak? and especially for Hematite? 7. What is hardness of Streak plate? 8. Which mineral is called as Fools gold why? 9. How do you distinguish the following pairs of minerals?

a) Quartz and Calcite? b) Garnet and corundum

10. What are Rock-forming minerals? 11. Mention the varieties of Quartz? Give examples? 12. 12, What are ore forming minerals? Give examples? 13. Mention the varieties of Feldspars? 14. Name the minerals used in Gemstones? 15. Mention the uses of Mica ? 16. What is the difference between cleavage and fracture? 17. What are rocks? How are they classified with examples? 18. What is porphyritic texture? In which rock you observe clearly the same? Similarly

for pegmatitic texture, Vesicular texture and Amygdaloidal texture 19. Name the Volcanic igneous rocks? 20. Name the Hypobyssal igneous rocks? 21. Name the plutonic igneous rocks? 22. Name the Metamorphism? and the agents of metamorphism? 23. What is metamorphism? and the agents of metamorphism? 24. What is the difference between magma and lava? 25. Name the Concordant bodies and discordant igneous rocks? 26. What is texture and mention the types of textures in igneous rocks? 27. What are Essential minerals in a rock? Give examples. 28. What are mechanically formed sedimentary rocks? 29. Name two organically formed sedimentary rocks? 30. What do you mean by cementation? Give two examples of cemented rocks? 31. What are Fossils? 32. Which sedimentary rock answer acid test and why? 33. What is dip and Strike? Mention the instrument used to measure the dip and strike? 34. What is overlap and unconformity? 35. What is contour? and contour interval? 36. What is an outcrop? 37. Define stratum contour? 38. What is profile? 39. What is the difference between Bed and Bedding plane? 40. Distinguish between Joint and Fault? 41. How are you going to identify dyke, sill in a given geological map? 42. Distinguish between Mineral and a rock 43. Distinguish between rock and Stone? examples? 44. What are the rocks available in and around your college? 45. What is the common rock you find around your college? 46. What is chief rock used in the manufacture of Cement?


PAGE 138 MVJCE

47. What is the rock used in the manufacture of Brick and Tiles? 48. How is fault recognized in the map and field? 49. How is unconformity recognized in the map and field. 50. Describe the Compass clinometer? 51. Explain Dip slope and Escarpment slope? 52. What is a Dam? Mention the examples of multipurpose dams 53. What is a Dam? What are the dams you have seen. 54. Favorable factors for selecting a Dam site, Reservoir site and tunnel site? 55. Describe the Safely and Stability of Dam? 56. What do you mean by water tightness of Reservoir ? 57. How is soil formed? 58. Explain why soil erosion has to be prevented in the carchment area? 59. Define Focus, Epicenter, and Iso-seismal lines? 60. Distinguish between Seismograph and seismogram? 61. What is Water table? 62. What are Aquifers? 63. What are the Stages of a river? 64. What is weathering? Describe the types of Weathering.

Oral Questions with Answers

65. In What type of minerals cleavages are possible? Explain why? Ans. Only in case of crystalline mineral cleavages is possible because it depends on

internal molecule structure. In a mineral we have both anion and cat ion When a maximum pressure is applied along the direction of mineral will split and new split surface will be smooth cleavage, Based on the study of cleavage structures, In a mineral there can be a plane of a direction where only of maximum no, of anions only are distributed. Quartz is not having any cleavage even though it is a crystalline.

66. In what of minerals cleavages are absent and why? Ans. In non-crystalline mineral cleavages are absent. Because they are not made up of

anions and cations. 67. How do you estimate Specific gravity of a mineral? Ans. Bounce the given mineral in the palm and refer the weight felt to the standard table

given below- 68. Give the chemical composition of –

Quartz-Sio2 Orthoclase-KAIsi3O8 Pyrite -Fe’s Chromite – Fecr2o4 Pyrolusite-Mno2 Hornblende-Ca Ag Fe A1 Beryl-Be3 Al2 (SIO3)6 Calcite- CaCo3 Magnetite-Fe3O4 Galena-PBS Augite-Ca A1 Mg Fe Biotite-H2K(MgFe) 3A1(SiO4)3 Gypsum-CaSo4. 2H20 Hematite-Fe2O3

Bauxite-A12O32H2O Olivine-(MgFe) SiO4 Talc-Hydrous Mg. Silicate.


PAGE 139 MVJCE

69. Name the important minerals with their chemical composition Ans. Ore of Iron Hematite Fe2O3

Ore of Manganese Pyrolusite Mno2 Ore of Aluminum Bauxite Al2o3.2H2o Ore of Lead Galena PBS Ore of Chromium Chromite FeCr2O4 Ore of Copper Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Refractory Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Stuffs Limonite 2 Fe2O3, H2O

70. What is Laterite? What are its Special properties? Ans. Laterite is sedimentary residual rock. The Special character are- It is concretionary,

Porous, When fresh very soft can be cut, When sundries it becomes stone hard.

71. List the textures in sedimentary rocks? Ans. Rudaceous (Pebbly) Breccia and Conglomerate

Arenaceous (Sandy) Sandstone, Grit Argillaceous (Clayey) Shale Siliceous (Silica) Jasper, Chert, Flint Chitenous (Clay) Shale Calcareous (CaCo3) Limestone Ferruginous (Iron) Clay ironstone Ferruginous Iron stone

72. What is Augen gnesis? Ans. They is the metamorphic gnesis rocks with augen structure.

73. Name the important rocks suitable for a) Building stones –Granite, Granite porphyry, Basalt, Sandstone’s, Laterite, Gneiss,

Charnokite b) Ornamental stones --Granite, Syenite, Diorite, Gabbro, Dunite, Granite porphyry,

Dolerite, Breccia, Red Sandstone, Shell Limestone. Marble, Quartzite, Gneiss, Augen gneiss, Charnockite.

c) Paving Stones –Granite, Granite porphyry, Syenite porphyry, Diorite Porphyry, Red Sandstone, Gneiss.

d) Concrete aggregates –Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Dolerite, Basalt, Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Gneiss.

e) Road metal –Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Dolerite, Basalt, Sandstone, Laterite, Quartzite,Shale.

f) Railway Ballast –Granite, Gabbro, Basalt, Sandstone, Quartzite, Gneiss. g) Flooring | Roofing ---------- Marble, Slate. h) Sculpturing –Granite. i) Fertilizer –Basalt.

74. Buildings constructed by what type of rock? a) Bangalore palace b) Vidhana soudha- c) S.J.Polytechnic d) Technological Institute- e) Town hall-


PAGE 140 MVJCE

f) Tippusulthan’s Fort of Bangalore- g) Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple of Gavipur, Bangalore- h) Main Building of Indian Institute of Science-Bangalore- i) Corporation office - j) Accountant office-

Ans. Granite.

75. What is the rock used for the construction of -- Taj mahal Marble Redfort Sandstone Fathepur Sikri Sandstone Belur and Halebeid Temples Granite

76. Rock Suitable for Carving statues Ans. Marble

77. Large MONOLITHIC STATUES

Ans. Granite – Gomateshwara.

78. Suggest a rock for - a) Flooring Marble b) Foundation -conglomerate c) Superstructure Granite d) Pavement - Gneiss e) Interior Decoration Marble.

scheme of teaching & examination

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