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Schlumberger Carbon ServicesPerformance and Risk Approach to CO2 Storage Integrity
CO2 Capture and Storage – Response to Climate Change CO2Net East Regional WorkshopZagreb, 27 – 28 February, 2007Hanspeter Rohner
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Geological Storage of CO2 – WorkflowPerformance and Risk managementTechnologies as part of Performance and Risk ManagementExample
Agenda
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Saline Aquifers
CO2 Capture and Geological StorageOther CO2 Streams• LNG process• CO2-rich gas production• Gas-to-Liquid process• Heavy Oil production• Coal-to-Liquid process• Hydrogen production• Oil Refineries• Steel mills• Cement factories• Aluminum smelters
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Site Selection Site Characterization (SCP) Field Design
Site PreparationSite Construction Injection
Per
form
ance
& R
isk
M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
(PR
SM
)C
omm
unic
atio
n an
d P
ublic
Acc
epta
nce
SEVERITY
-11 L
-21 S
-41 C
-31 M
-51 M C
-22 L
-41 S
-62 M
-82 C
-1 02 M C
-33 L
-63 S
-93 M
-1 23 C
-1 53 M C
-44 L
-55 L
-84 S
-1 24 M
-1 64 C
-2 04 M C
- 1 05 S
- 1 55 M
- 2 05 C
- 2 55 M C
-1Lig h t
-2
-3
-4
-5
S e rio u s
M a jo r
C a ta s tro p h ic
M u lti-C a ta s tro p h ic
321
Possible
Unlikely
Improbable
5
Probable
4
Likely
L IK E L IH O O D
W h ite a rro w ind ic a te s d e c re a s in g ris k
P R E V E N TIO N
M IT IG AT IO N
C o n tro lM e a s u re s
R E D
B L U E
Y E L L O WG R E E N
IN T O LE R A B LE : D o n o t t ak e th is ri sk
U N D E S IR A B LE : D em on stra te A LA R P be fo re p ro cee d in g
A C C E P T A B LE : P roc eed ca re fu lly , w ith co n tin uou s im p rove m e nt
N E G LIG IB L E : S a fe to p roc eed
-16 to -1 0
-9 to -5
-4 to -2
-1
B L A C K N O N -O P E R A B LE : E v ac ua te th e z on e a nd or a rea /co un try-25 to -2 0
Pre-OperationPhase
~ 10-50 years
~ 1-2 year
OperationPhase
~ 100+ years
Post-Injection Phase
Site Retirement Programme(SRP)
Monitoring (M&V)• Operation
• Verification
• Environmental
The CO2 Storage Workflow
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Assure optimal Performance of a CO2 storage system
Performance and Risk Management
Performance & Risk Assessment
• Capacity• Injectivity• Containment
FunctionsRisk Treatment
Actions• Cost• Environment• Health & Security• Image
Stakes• Consequences• Risk Matrix• Remediation Plan
Risk Model
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Site Characterization and Modeling
Performance & RiskAnalysis
• Injectivity• CO2 in place• Leakage Scenarios and rates • Risk classification
Measurements (Characterization)
• Seismic• Data well
Modelling & Simulation• Structure• Properties• Fluid dynamics• Tool Response
Monitoring plan• Sensor selection• Specifications• Placement
Monitoring sensors response prediction
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Characterization Tools and Software
Modeling • Petrel• Eclipse / Eclipse-Geomechanics
Chlorite(ELAN+core)
Illite(ELAN+core)
chlorite
illiteMeasurements• Seismic• FMI• PEx• ECS• Sonic Scanner• MDT
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Static and Dynamic Modeling (Petrel/Eclipse)Surface imaging MappingEM survey interpretationData input
Information managementGIS database
3D Geological model3D Property model of the Reservoir and the Overburden
Log interpretationWell correlationSurface identificationSurface/subsurface interaction
Uncertainty analysisUpscaling processesReservoir and Aquifer property population
CalibrationHistory matchPost processingPresentation
Data analysisFacies modellingFault modellingFracture modellingHydrodynamic test analysis
3D flow simulationGeochemistryGeomechanics
Eclipse
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Schlumberger Storage Technologies (cont.)
Standard Neat system
Carbonation rim: 6 mm
• CO2-Resistant Cement
Advanced cement system
Carbonation rim: 0.2 mm
Well Construction – Drilling and Cementing Technologies
• Well Planning• Geosteering
• Stable Boreholes
After one month in supercritical CO2 (280 bar, 90 DegC)
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Performance & RiskAnalysis
• Injectivity• CO2 in place• Leakage scenarios and rates• Risk classification
During and after Injection – Monitoring
Measurements (Monitoring)
• Geophysics• Well Logging• Sampling• Surface / atmosphere
Simulation• Structure• Properties• fluid dynamics• Tool responseMonitoring sensor
response prediction
Measurement interpretationModel update
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CO2 Plume Displacement and Cap Rock Integrity Monitoring
1994 1999 2001
Top Utsira Sand
• 4D-Seismic• VSP• X-Well EM•…
• RST• CHFR• Sampling•…
Sleipner
• Micro Seismicity • Cross Well EM Res
• Cement and Completion Integrity Logging• IBC• EMIT Corrosion• ….
Well Integrity Monitoring
Monitoring Technologies
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A Continuous Process
InterventionMitigationRepair
time
Certification at start
Certification and Transfer of liabilities
ModelingCharacterization
Performance & Risk Analysis
Modeling
Performance & RiskAnalysisInjection start
Monitoring
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Example – Containment
What are the most likely hypothetical risks of leakage?• Migration along wellbores• Geological leakage paths
• Failure of sealing cap rock• Re-activation of faults and fractures
Along faults and fractures
Along wellbores
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CharacterisationCement logs
Drilling reportsWell geometry
Cement degradationCasing corrosionCO2 migration
Limit conditions
Data & inputDynamic model
Leak amount & probability
>20 M€
<20 M€
<5 M€<1 M€
<0,2 M€
FFinancial
Envir.3rd-PPeople
CSAFETY
6 : Catastr.
5 : Critical
4 : Major3 : Serious
2 : Marginal
1 : Minor
…B
AssetA
Reliability &availability.
Stakes
Level
>20 M€
<20 M€
<5 M€<1 M€
<0,2 M€
FFinancial
Envir.3rd-PPeople
CSAFETY
6 : Catastr.
5 : Critical
4 : Major3 : Serious
2 : Marginal
1 : Minor
…B
AssetA
Reliability &availability.
Stakes
Level
Consequence grid & transfert fonction
Static model
666564636261656555453525154645444342414363534333231326252423222121615141312111654321
DetectionEvolution
Conclusions
811
13
5
00
5
10
15
20
minor weak middle high critical
B = 50
Sensitivity analysisRisk mitigation optionsCost / Benefits ranking
Can we re-use existing wells ?More data needed ?
Probability of leakageType of leakage to expect X
=
An Integrated Performanceand Risk Management Solution
Example – Managing Well Integrity
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USA and Canada Europe, North
Africa & Russia
Australia
Weyburn EOR CanadaFrio TexasBattelle Ohio-W.VirginiaSheep Mountain ColoradoMultiple CO2 EOR studies, PermianApprox 70 CO2 EOR Installations
Gorgon Barrow IslandOtway Basin CO2CRCCallide Queensland
Schlumberger Activities in CO2 Storage and EOR
Sleipner NorwaySnohvit NorwayIn-Salah AlgeriaHassi Touareg AlgeriaHannibal TunisiaKetzin GermanyKarniow PolandVarious CO2 EOR studiesCO2ReMoVeCosmos 1+2MoveCBMCOACHNZECANR monitoring project
Middle East & AsiaMultiple CO2 EOR feasibility studiesAssociated CO2 prod re-injection studiesMoveCBM China
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Thank You !