Scholarship 2.0

Gideon BurtonAsst. Prof. of English

Assoc. Editor, BYU Studies

Presentation to HBLL Faculty CouncilMarch 23, 2007

Scriptorium

Media Evolution

Media Evolution

Printing Press

Media Evolution

Computer

The Library and the Book

No longer the beginning or ending point for scholarship

A Need for Change

“As with individuals, universities also quickly face obsolescence when they fail to continue to change, grow, and adapt to their new and often rapidly different environments.”

–Pres. Cecil Samuelson

(“A More Excellent Way: A Changing BYU in a Changing World” 8/24/04)

Key Changes to Scholarship

• Research Methods• How Scholarship is Created• How Scholarship is Reviewed • How Scholarship is Communicated• How Scholarship is Preserved

• Books• Articles in print journals• Library• Conferences

Scholarship 1.0

Scholarship 1.0

• Print oriented• Distinct roles

Scholars Publishers Librarians

Scholarly Research: Labs, Libraries, ArchivesScholarly Output: Books and ArticlesPeer Review: Part of Academic

PublishingScholarly

Communication: Journals and ConferencesPreservation

of Scholarship: Libraries and Archives

Scholarship 1.0

• Wordprocessing• Stand alone Databases• Electronic Library Catalogue• Design software for publishers

Scholarship 1.1(late 1980s)

• Digitization of print scholarship More access to secondary materials

• Commercial / Online Scholarly Databases More access to primary and secondary materials

• Email and Email Lists Delivery medium for exchanging

ideas/manuscripts Online scholarly communities

Scholarship 1.5(1990s)

• Websites and Hypertext Research (Internet becomes primary research

tool) Library catalogues accessible through web browser Databases worldwide available online Finding Aids & Subject Portals through web links

Scholarly Communication Online presence for scholarly societies Calls for Papers and Conferences Conference Programs or Proceedings online Self-publishing of traditional and hypertext scholarship

Scholarship 1.5(1990s)

• Digital Tools Blend Scholarship 1.0 Roles Libraries put archival material online

Archiving becomes publishing Academic publishers archive back issues, create

databases, subject portals Publishing becomes archiving

Scholars create websites Academic publishing bypasses academic publishers

Parascholarship by the Public

Scholarship 1.5(1990s)

Toward Scholarship 2.0

• Scholarship 1.0 (books & articles)• Scholarship 1.1: .wpd .doc• Scholarship 1.5: .html .pdf• Scholarship 2.0: .xml .rss

The Digital Incunabular Period

• New genres• New roles &

relationships• New conventions

The Digital Incunabular Period

• New genres• New roles &

relationships• New conventions

PDF Documents

Emerging Digital Genres

• E-book Collections • Digital Scholarly Editions• Subject Gateways / Thematic Research

Collections• Databases• “Born Digital” and “Social Media” genres:

Wiki Weblog Podcast

WikisA website that allows anyone visiting the site to add, remove, or otherwise edit content, quickly and easily. Wiki software catalogs all prior versions, and are sometimes moderated. Wikis are tools for pooling knowledge and for collaborative writing.

Blogs

Podcasts

The Digital Incunabular Period

• New genres• New roles &

relationships• New conventions

New Roles for Academic Libraries

• Brokers of digital knowledge, not just curators of the printed scholarly record

• Archiving as publishing• Digital collaboration with faculty, consortia• Keepers of the “Institutional Repository”• Metadata and markup, not just cataloging

New Relationships

Scholars

LibrariansAcademic Presses

& Journals

Overlapping Roles

Organizing Knowledge

PublishingArchiving

The Digital Incunabular Period

• New genres• New roles &

relationships• New conventions

The Digital Incunabular Period

Digital Conventions

• PDF (Portable Document Format)• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

• XML (Extensible Markup Language)• RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

Digital Conventions

Web 1.0• PDF (Portable Document Format)• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)Web 2.0• XML (Extensible Markup Language)• RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

The Internet is Evolving

Web 1.0 / Web 2.0

Web 1.0• Static and passive• Web as delivery

medium • Monologue• Limited feedback

(email comments passively allowed)

• Searching

Web 2.0• Dynamic and active• Web builds and

sustains communities

• Dialogue• Content co-

developed with online community

• Syndicating

Web 1.0 / Web 2.0

Web 1.0• Taxonomy /

Set categories• Websites and

databases as “information silos” (isolated, restricted to original presentation form and location)

Web 2.0• Folksonomy (“tagging”)

• Websites and databases marked with metadata and structured with XML (available for intelligent repurposing, reformatting, or combining with other digital resources)

Web 2.0

• Dynamic web resources Push/broadcast content via RSS feeds Readers as authors, reviewers,

collaborators Social software enabled

Wikis Blogs and Comments Shared Feeds

Scholarly Research: Labs, Libraries, Archives Online primary and secondary texts,

Scholarly Output: Books and ArticlesWebsites, databases, new “born-digital” genres

Peer Review: Via Academic Publishing, but also via scholarly societies, reputation systems

ScholarlyCommunication: Journals and Conferencesvia email, websites, blogs, podcasts, wikis

Preservation of Scholarship: Libraries and Archivesblended with publishing, not just library activity

Toward Scholarship 2.0

What Should We Do?

• Evaluate how familiar our colleges and departments are with evolving scholarly forms and practices

• Educate ourselves on emerging scholarly media and changes to peer review, etc.

• Promote discussion about digital scholarship issues

• Propose changes within the university and colleges so BYU becomes current with Scholarship and Web 2.0

Scholarship 2.0

Gideon BurtonAsst. Prof. of English

Assoc. Editor, BYU Studies

Presentation to HBLL Faculty CouncilMarch 23, 2007

Presentation Available at http://GideonBurton.typepad.com