school age child

8/13/2019 School Age Child

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School-Age ChildFrom Ages 6 12


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Growth and Developmen


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Physical GrowthWEIGHT GAIN: 3-5 lbs (1.3 - 2.2kgsINCREASE IN HEIGHT: 1-2 inches or 2.5-5cm.

Brain growth is complete. Eye globe reaches its final shape

IgG and IgA reach adult levels. Lymphatic Tissues continue togrow up.Abundance of tonsillar and adenoid

tissue. Frontal sinuses develop


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Frontal Sinus


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Left ventricle of the heart enlarges. Innocent heart murmurs

PULSE RATE: 70-80bpm BLOOD PRESSURE: 112/60mmHgRespiratory Rate: 17-22cpm Scoliosis may become apparent at

this stage.


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Teeth

Deciduous teeth are lost andpermanent teeth erupt duringschool age.

The average child gains 28 teeth

between 6 to 12 years of age. 7 years old- central incisors erupt Deciduous teeth Will soon beReplaced with permanent teeth


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Sexual Maturation Hypothalamus

Anterior PituitaryGland

Production ofGonadotropin hormones

Changes in testes andovaries

PUBERTY

Transmits enzyme

To begin

activates


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Sexual and Physical ConcernsSchool-age is the time for parents to discuss

physical changes that happen to them Perspiration increases.

Concerns of Girls

Usually taller than boysGirls are usually conscious of breastdevelopment.

Early preparation for menstruation.Girls need to know that vaginalsecretions will be present.. A child, conscious of breast growth


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Concerns for boys

Boys are aware of increasinggenital size.

Gynecomastia can occur in

prepuberty. Boys begin to notice ejacula-tion during sleep or termednocturnal emissions. A young boy with gynecomastia


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AGE BOYS GIRLS

9-11 Weight gain Breast developmentElevation of papillaAreolar diameter

enlarges.11-12 Sparse growth of

pigmented hair at thebase of penis

Sebaceous glandsecretion increasesPerspiration increases

Straight hair along thelabia

pH of vagina becomesacidic

Slight mucus vaginaldischarge presentPerspiration increases

12-13 Pubic hair present inpubis

Penis lengthensDramatic growth spurt

Breast enlargement

Pubic hair growsdarker, spreads over

entire pubis.Breast enlarge but noprotrusion in nipples

Axillary hair is presentmenarche


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Developmental

Milestones


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Gross Motor Development

Children endlessly jump, tumble, skip and hop.

7 years old- Gender differences manifest in play. girl gamesboy games

8 year old coordination has improved- eyes are fully developed

9 years old- has enough eye hand coordination- always on the go.


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11 years old- interested in perfectingtheir skills.

12 years old- plunge into activitieswith intensity& coordination.

- able to handle greatresponsibility and

complete given task.


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Fine Motor Development

6 year old can easily tie shoelace-- can draw a person with

good detail.Eraser Year because children are never

quiet content with what theyhave done.

8 years old- can read regular size type.-writes in script rather than print.

9 years old- writing begins to look mature

and less awkward.


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Play7 years of agechild requires more props

for playing.-imaginative play starts to decline-interested in collecting items.

8 years old- child like table games but hate to lose.

9 years old- children play hard10 years old- engages in hand held or televisioncontrol games.

-interested in rules and fairness.- boys show off as girls pass-girls become interested the way they look.


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Industry Versus Inferiority

Child attempt to master another developmentalstage : learning a sense of industry or accomplishment

If children are prevented from achieving sense of

industry or do not receive rewards for accomplishments,they can develop a feeling of inferiority or become

convinced that they cannot do things they actually can do.

school-age needs reassurance that they can do thingscorrectly.


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CognitiveDevelopment


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Cognitive Development (Piaget)Concrete Operational Thought- includes systematic reasoning

-uses memory to learn broad concepts

CONCEPTS Decentering - ability to project oneself into others situation. Accomodation : ability to adapt thought processes to fit what

is perceived (there can be more than one reasonfor other peoples action..

Conservation - learns that a change in shape doesnt necessarilymean a change in size.

Class inclusion- ability to understand that one object can belong to

more than one classifications.


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Moral and Spiritual Developmen


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Moral and Spiritual Development

Preconventional (Level I)(4-7 years old)Carries out actions to satisfy own needs

Conventional (Level II)7-10 and 10-12 years of ageChild follows rules because of a need

to be good

Follows rules of authority.


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Promoting Nutritional Health

Establishing healthy eating patterns

Fostering Industry- let them help inplanning meals

-teach proper tablemanners.

Recommended dietary Intake- increase fiber, since

they dislike vegetables.- increase iron, calcium and fluoride.


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Common Health Problems

Dental Caries progressive, destructive

lesions, or decalcificationof tooth enamel and dentin. neglected caries result in poor

chewing thuspoor digestion, abscess and

pain and sometimes

osteomyelitis.


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Malocclusions

is a misalignment of teeth and/orincorrect relation between theteeth of the two dental arches. Theterm was coined by Edward Anglethe "father of modernorthodontics, as a derivative ofocclusion , which refers to themanner in which opposing teeth

meet.malocclusions


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Latchkey Children are school children who arewithout adult supervision forpart of each weekday.

Sex Education- children should be well educated of thepubertal stages and responsible sexualpractices.

Stealing- happens around 7 years of age when child discoverthe importance of money.

-Mother should stress the importance of property

right as well as the consequences it may bring.

E d f R


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End of our Report

school age child

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