school age g&d
TRANSCRIPT
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the school age child the school age child
By
DR Howaida AminAssist ProfFaculty of health sciences
Taibah university
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
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� Children in school learn that they must
cooperate with others.
� Participation in group activities increases.
� The child of this age is aware that parents are
human and make mistakes.
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Conflicts may appear,
particularly if what
the child learns inschool is different
from what is
practiced at home
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Between the ages of 6 and 12 years,
children prefer friends of their ownsex and usually would rather be in
the company of their friends than of
their brothers and sisters.
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PHYSICAL GROWTH
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� Growth is slow until the spurt
directly before puberty.� Weight gains are more rapid than
increases in height.
� The average gain in weight peryear is about 2.5 to 3.2kg.
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� The average yearly increase
in height is approximately5.5cm.
� Head circumference increase
only 2 to 3cm throughoutthis entire period, which
reflects slowed brain growth.
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Muscular coordination is improved,
and the lymphatic tissues becomehighly developed.
The skeletal bones continue toossify.
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There is a noticeable change in
facial structures as the jawlengthens.
The sinuses are frequently sites of
infection. Sinus headaches may
occur.
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The 6-year molars (the first
permanent teeth) erupt.
The heart grows slowly and is
now smaller in proportion tobody size than at any other
time of life.
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The vital signs of the school-age
child are near those
temperature is 37c, pulse 100
per minute. The systolic blood
pressure ranges from 96 to
107mm Hg and the diastolic
from 57 to 66 mm Hg.
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Boys are slightly taller and
somewhat heavier than
girls until changes
indicating puberty
appear.
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Language skills continue to
develop. School-age
children talk in full
sentences. They
continually add new
words to theirvocabulary.
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Freud Freud believed that romantic love forbelieved that romantic love for
the parent of the opposite sexthe parent of the opposite sex
diminishes and that children identifydiminishes and that children identify
with the parent of the same sexwith the parent of the same sex..
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The 10-years-old wants to be
independent and resents being
told what to do but is
receptive to suggestion
The idea of the group
are important than
individual idea
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Interest in sexInterest in sex
and sexand sexinvestigationsinvestigations
continuescontinues..
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� Boys and girls begin to
identify themselves withskills that pertain to their
sex role.
� There is intolerance of theopposite sex.
� Children in this age are less
concerned with theirappearance.
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� Ability to concentrate
decreases.� Girls look forward to
menstruation and wearing
first bra.� Both sexes enjoy earning
money by doing add jobs.
� Preadolescents always seek
adults friend of the same sex
to idolize.
..
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Guiding the preadolescent is
not easy. They need to setlimits and establish
consequences of unaccepted
behavior
They need to monitor TV show,
programs, video games, andmusic lyrics
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Television has a
powerful influence on
children.Television has been
called the "great
babysitter" of our
time.
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1. Displacing active types of
recreation
2. Interfering withconversation and
discussion time.
3. Discouraging reading.
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4. Reducing school performance.
(If more than 4 hours/day).
4. Affecting how a child feels
toward life and other people if
television shows are violent.
5. Discouraging exercise
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1. Encouraging active recreation.
2. Limiting television to 2 hours per
day or less (half hour if doingpoorly in school).
3. Not allowing television to be used
as a distraction or babysitter for
preschool children
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4. Turning off television
during meals5. Teaching children to turn
off the television at the
end of a shows
6. Forbidding violent
television shows.
7. Setting a good example.
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Video games have become a favorite pastime
of children.
Advantages of video games include:-
± The development of eye-hand coordination.
± Interactive competent.
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±Video games can dominate leisureand study time.
± It is solitary activity, reducing
social interaction with family and
friends. ± It can teach an acceptance of
violent behavior in real life.
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± Their grades are fallen.
± They don¶t finish homework.
± Get inadequate sleep.
± Don¶t play outdoors.
± Preoccupied with karate chops
or aggressive behavior that are
part of video games.
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� One problem that may arise at 7 years
of age is stealing.
� T
his generally a signal that some need of the child is not being met.
� In many cases the child steals only to
distribute the loot to neighborhood
friends. This may in actuality be an
attempt to buy friendship.
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� When children steal something,parents should tell them thatthey are aware of the fact andshould insist on some form of
restitution.� They should not humiliate the
child, but they must make it clearthat such actions cannot bepermitted.
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As always, accept the child but not the deedand then try to understand the circumstances
that are causing such behavior.
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http://www.who.int/violence_injury_
prevention/child/injury/world_report
/Child_friendly_English.pdf
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1.Road safety
2.Walking
3.Bicycle safety
4.Passenger safety
5.Preventing drowning
6.Preventing falls
7.Preventing poisoning
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