Regulations

• Hazard Communication Standard

(29 CFR 1910.1200)

• Laboratory Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450)

• National Fire Protection Association

• Environmental Protection Agency

• Uniform Building Code

• International Fire Code

Introduction• Injury rates are highest during initial period of

employment; injuries decrease with experience.

• In school laboratory setting where students experience new activities, the likelihood of incidents and injury is high.

• Students MUST be taught what can go wrong, how to prevent unplanned events from occurring, and what to do in case of an emergency.

• Part of the curriculum MUST address safety.

HOWEVER, teachers are mandated to: observe,

supervise,

instruct, and

correct student actions.

Definitions (1910.1200(c))

Hazardous

Chemical

Means any chemical

that is a physical

hazard or a health

hazard.

Definitions

Container: any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. Piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle are not considered to be containers.

Exposure or exposed: means that an employee is subjected in the course of employment to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard; includes potential exposure.

Definitions

Immediate use: means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from the labeled container, and only within the work shift in which it is transferred.

Label: any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals.

Work area: a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.

Right To KnowOSHA created the Hazard

Communication Standard to

help ensure your safety when

working with hazardous

chemicals.

You have a RIGHT TO KNOW

about the hazardous

chemicals you use on the job,

and about how to work safely

with those chemicals.

Why Be Concerned?

• Health hazards

• Safety hazards

• Environmental harm

• Hidden costs = liability, lawsuits, fines

Managing Chemicals

• Minimize exposures: product substitution,

reduced quantities, etc.

• Don't underestimate risks; risks are assessed,

understood, and communicated.

• Use proper control measures: PPE, engineering

controls, and administrative controls.

Chemical Hygiene Officer

• The Lab Standard requires that a Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) be designated to implement and maintain the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

• The CHO should maintain a master inventory of all lab and storage areas. However, each individual lab and storage area must also maintain an inventory.

ResponsibilitiesChemical manufacturers must:

• determine a chemical’s hazards, and

• provide labels and MSDSs.

Employers must:

• provide a hazard communication program,

• maintain MSDSs, and

• train on hazardous materials.

Employees must:

read labels and MSDSs,

follow employer instructions and warnings,

identify hazards before starting a job, and

participate in training.

Teachers’ Responsibilities

• Lead by example.

• Teach safety as part of the curriculum.

• Follow and enforce safety rules, procedures, and

practices.

• Promote a culture of safety.

• Make safety a value.

• Conduct regular inspections of safety and first

aid equipment (document).

• Notify administration in writing of hazardous or

potentially hazardous conditions.

• Never use defective equipment.

Teachers’ Responsibilities

Prepare To Purchase Chemicals

• Establish a procurement plan.

• Create a centralized program and tracking system.

• Determine if a safer, less hazardous chemical can be used.

• Determine if facilities permitting proper storage of chemicals and sufficient ventilation are available.

• Determine if the proper PPE and safety equipment are on hand when the chemical is in use.

• Determine if the chemical or its end product will require disposal as hazardous waste.

• Order minimum quantities.

• Order ONLY what will be used within a school year (or a shorter time period).

Chemical Tracking

• Establish a database of chemicals in the laboratory; have one person in charge.

• “Cradle-to-grave”: from the time they are purchased to the time they are used and discarded.

• Conduct inventory to purge any inaccurate data in the system and dispose of outdated, unneeded, or deteriorated chemicals following the written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP).

• Obtain and maintain all Material Safety Data Sheets.

Chemical Tracking

Storage Room Must-Haves

• Spill control and clean-up materials

• Master control shut-off valves for gas, water, and electricity

• Smoke detector (tested regularly)

• Forced ventilation from floor to ceiling with exhaust above roof level

• Safety cabinets for specific groups of compatible substances

• Communications channel to the main office or emergency center

Storage Room Must-Haves

(Fire Extinguisher)Fire extinguisher “quick checks” shall include at least the following items (NFPA 10 4-3.2): Fire extinguishers are located in

designated place.

Access and visibility are unobstructed.

Operating instructions on nameplate are legible and are facing forward.

Safety seals and tamper indicator are not broken or missing.

Fullness is determined by weighing or “hefting.”

Extinguishers are examined for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, and clogged nozzles.

Pressure gauge reading or indicator is in operable range or position.

Inspections occur monthly and annually.

Storage Room Must-Haves

(Eye Wash Station)• Meets ANSI Z358.1.

• Is at least six inches from the wall or nearest obstruction.

• Has heads 33”–45” from floor.

• Is able to treat both eyes with water flow for at least 15 minutes.

• Is activated for at least three minutes every month.

• Is inspected annually.

• Has free and unobstructed path and use zone.

Storage Room Must-Haves (Shower)

• Meets ANSI Z358.1.

• Has heads 82”–96” from floor.

• Has spray pattern with minimum diameter of 20” at 60” above floor.

• Has clearance of at least 16” from center of spray pattern.

• Is activated monthly.

• Is inspected annually.

• Has free and unobstructed path and use zone.

Labeling

No unlabeled container should be

present in the laboratory at any time.

Labeling

• Use labels with good adhesive.

• Use permanent marker.

• Print legibly.

• Replace damaged, faded, or semi-detached

labels.

Labeling

When chemicals are transferred from the original

manufacturer’s container to another container,

the latter is referred to as a “secondary

container.” Label all secondary containers with:

chemical name (as it appears

on the MSDS),

name of manufacturer,

concentration or purity,

date prepared, and

expiration or “use by” date.

Labeling

Containers in immediate use that are to be

used within a day or session: (1) chemical name

(as it appears on the MSDS); (2) how to handle;

and (3) hazard information.

Labeling

Chemical waste containers should be

labeled as follows:

• “WASTE” or “HAZARDOUS WASTE,”

• chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS),

• accumulation start date, and

• hazard(s) associated with the waste.

Chemical Storage

Chemical Storage

Criteria for storage area:

• Chemicals are stored inside closeable cabinets or on sturdy shelves with a front-edge lip (3/4”) to prevent accidents and spills.

• Shelving is secured to the wall or floor.

• Storage areas have doors that lock.

• Storage areas are off limits to students.

• Storage areas are adequately ventilated.

Chemical Storage

Organization:

• Organize chemicals first by COMPATIBILITY, not

by alphabetic succession.

• Store chemicals alphabetically within compatible

groups.

Chemical Storage

Chemical segregation:• Store acids in a dedicated acid cabinet.

• Store nitric acid alone.

• Store highly toxic chemicals in a dedicated, lockable poison cabinet that has been labeled with a highly visible sign.

• Store volatile and odoriferous chemicals in a ventilated cabinet.

• Store flammables in an approved flammable liquid storage cabinet.♦ More than 10 gallons of flammable/combustible liquids must be in

cabinet.

♦ Storage in flammable cabinet must not exceed design quantities (e.g., 60 gallons).

♦ Cabinets should be properly vented if potential exists for buildup of hazardous vapors.

• Store water-sensitive chemicals in a water-tight cabinet in a cool and dry location segregated from all other chemicals.

Chemical Storage

Storage don’ts:

• Don't place heavy items, liquid chemicals, or large containers on high shelves.

• Don't store chemicals on top of cabinets.

• Don't store chemicals on the floor (even temporarily).

• Don't store items on bench tops or in fume hoods (except when in use).

• Don't store chemicals on shelves above eye level.

• Don't store chemicals with food or drink.

• Don't store chemicals in food storage refrigerators.

• Don't expose stored chemicals to direct heat or sunlight, or to highly variable temperatures.

Chemical Storage

Chemical Storage

Proper use of chemical storage container: Never use

food containers for chemical storage.

Chemical Storage

Proper use of chemical storage container: Make

sure all containers are properly closed or stopped.

Chemical Storage

Proper use of chemical storage container: After

each use, wipe down the outside of the container

with a paper towel before returning it to storage.

Properly dispose of the paper towel after use.

The Flinn Chemical Catalog Reference Manual suggests organic

and inorganic groupings that are further sorted into compatible

families. The compatible families suggested are:

Inorganic

Metals, hydrides

Halides, sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates, phosphates,

halogens

Amides, nitrates (except ammonium nitrate), nitrites,

azides, nitric acid

Hydroxides, oxides, silicates, carbonates, carbon

Sulfides, selenides, phosphides, carbides, nitrides

Chlorates, perchlorates, perchloric acid, chlorites,

hypochlorites, peroxides, hydrogen peroxide

Arsenates, cyanides, cyanates

Borates, chromates, manganates, permanganates

Acids (except nitric)

Sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, phosphorus pentoxide

Organic

Acids, anhydrides, peracids

Alcohols, glycols, amines, amides, imines,

imides

Hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes

Ethers, ketones, ketenes, halogenated

hydrocarbons, ethylene oxide

Epoxy compounds, isocyanates

Peroxides, hydroperoxides, azides

Sulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides, nitriles

Phenols, cresols

Flinn Suggested

Shelf Storage Pattern for InorganicsInorganic #10

Arsenic, phosphorous, phosphorous pentoxide,

sulfur

Inorganic #7

Arsenates, cyanates, cyanides

STORE AWAY FROM WATER.

Inorganic #2

Halides, halogens, phosphates, sulfates, sulfites,

thiosulfates

Inorganic #5

Carbides, nitrides, phosphides, selenides, sulfides

Inorganic #3

Amides, azides, nitrates, nitrites

EXCEPTION: STORE AMMONIUM NITRATE AWAY

FROM ALL OTHER SUBSTANCES.

Inorganic #8

Borates, chromates, manganates, permanganates

Inorganic #1

Hydrides, metals

STORE AWAY FROM WATER. STORE ANY

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS IN A DEDICATED CABINET.

Inorganic #6

Chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, hydrogen

peroxide, perchlorates, perchloric acid, peroxides

Inorganic #4

Carbon, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, silicates

Miscellaneous

Flinn Suggested

Shelf Storage Pattern for OrganicsOrganic #2

Alcohols, amides, amines, imides, imines, glycols

STORE FLAMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET.

Organic #8

Cresols, phenol

Organic #3

Aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons

STORE FLAMMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET.

Organic #6

Azides, hydroperoxides, peroxides

Organic #4

Ethers, ethylene oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons,

ketenes, ketones

STORE FLAMMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET.

Organic #1

Acids, anhydrides, peracids

STORE CERTAIN ORGANIC ACIDS IN ACID CABINET.

Organic #5

Epoxy compounds, isocyanates

Miscellaneous

Organic #7

Nitriles, polysulfides, sulfides, sulfoxides, etc.

Miscellaneous

Material Safety Data Sheet

Section I Chemical name and manufacturer info

Section II List of hazardous ingredients

Section III Physical data to identify the substance (appearance/odor)

Section IV Firefighting and extinguishing info

Section V Health effects

Section VI Reactive info

Section VII Clean-up and waste disposal info

Section VIII Personal protective equipment

Section IX Special handling precautions

NFPA Chemical Hazard Label

Goals For Chemical Storage

• Removal of hazardous or excess chemicals

• No future accumulation of excess or hazardous

chemicals

• Training in proper safety precautions for all

personnel

• HOUSEKEEPING

Housekeeping “field day”;

particular consideration and

attention should be given to:

• disposal of any unused/ unneeded materials,

• reorganization of storage areas,

• removal or correction of electrical and fire code violations, and

• general cleaning of work surface areas.

Goals For Chemical Storage

Safety Guidelines

• Know which chemicals you work with.

• Read the labels.

• Follow all established safety policies and procedures for chemical handling and storage.

• Use the proper personal protective equipment.

• Wash your hands before eating, drinking, applying make-up, etc.

L Label everything

A Appropriate containers in good condition

B Be neat and orderly

S Store only what you will use within the school year

A Always wear protective clothing

F Food allowed in eating areas only

E Everything in its place

T Time to inventory & organize

Y Your safety is important

Goals For Chemical Storage