PowerPoint Presentation

School Health Awareness Program on Antibiotic Resistance

GARP NepalNepal Public Health Foundation

Do you know about antibiotics??

Introduction Antibiotics are the medicines that are used to kill bacteria and certain parasites which can cause illness and disease. Antibiotics are the miracle drug of 20th century.Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.Antibiotics have ability to control infection.

Introduction cont.Antibiotics are used in human and animals to treat and prevent diseases

Antibiotics are also used in food animals and agriculture for growth promotion

Oral antibiotics (tablets, capsules or syrup, suspension)Used for mild to moderate infections in the body

Topical antibiotics (creams, lotions, sprays or drops) which are often used to treat eye, ear and skin infections

Injections of antibiotics ( Injection)Usually used for more serious infections

Types of Antibiotics

Do Antibiotics Work for all Diseases ???No, antibiotics does not work against infections that are caused by Viruses. Some examples

Varicella (chicken pox)Rubella (German measles)The common coldHepatitisMumps

Antibiotics Save Lives

Antibiotics are truly miracle drugs that have saved countless millions of lives.Since 1942 penicillin saved at least 200 millionsBetween 1944 and 1972 human life expectancy lumped by eight years an increase largely created to the introduction of antibiotics.

BUT Too Much of Everything is as bad as too little

Side Effects of antibiotic Diarrhea Bloating and indigestion Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Vomiting Itching skin rashes Coughing Life threatening allergic reaction Thrush (candidiasis)

The most common side effects of antibiotics are:

Antibiotic Resistance

What is Antibiotic Resistance???Antibiotic resistance is resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial drug that was originally effective for treatment of infections caused by it.Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effect of an antibiotic

Overuse and misuse of antibiotic will bring

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic Resistances from Farm to Table

Why is Antimicrobial Resistance a Global Concern?

New resistance mechanisms emerge and spread globally threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases, resulting in death and disability of individuals who until recently could continue a normal course of life. Without effective anti-infective treatment, many standard medical treatments will fail or turn into very high risk procedures.

Situation of Antibiotics ResistanceUp to 50,000 lives are lost each year to antibiotic-resistant infections in Europe and the US aloneGlobally,at least 700,000 die each year of drug resistance in illnesses such as bacterial infections, malaria, HIV/Aids or tuberculosis.In South East Asian Region, millions of people are risk of resistant parasites.

The current global antibiotic resistance crisis is the result of six factors: Over-prescribing and dispensing of antibiotics by health workers Patients not finishing their full treatment course of antibiotics The over-use of antibiotics in livestock and fish farming Poor infection control in hospitals and clinics Lack of hygiene and poor sanitation Lack of new antibiotics being developed

Health Impacts of Antibiotic ResistanceLonger duration of illnessLonger treatmentHigher mortalityTreatment with expensive drugsIncreased burden on health system

Health Impacts of Antibiotic Resistance Cont..Negates technological advances in medical sectorComplex surgeriesTransplantations and other interventionsPatient acts as reservoir of resistant organisms which are passed to community and health-care workers

What can be done???

What can you do???

1.Use your antibiotics only after your doctors prescription.

2. Complete the entire course of the prescribed antibiotics so that it can be fully effective.

3. Do not save some of your antibiotics for the next time you get sick

4. Never share antibiotics with others

5. Discard left over medicine once you have completed your prescribed course of treatment.

6. Prevent Infection to Reduce the Need of AntibioticsAntibiotic resistance can be reduced by Infection Prevention and control through:

Hand washing Better hygiene Access to clean water Environmental cleanings Infection control in health-care facilities Vaccinationto reduce the need for antibiotics Avoiding close contact to sick person to prevent transmission of infections

Antibiotics should be the last line of defense NOT the first

Antibiotic resistance comic.

Antibiotics are a precious resource

Thank You