school of thought in sla
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
SCHOOL OF THOUGHT IN SECOND LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION
PREPARED BY:WAN SAMIRAH BAHIAH
BINTI MUHAMMADPISMP MATHEMATICS 1
SEM 4
STUCTURALISM/BEHAVIORISM
Start in 1940s and 1950s by Leonard Bloomfield, Edward Sapir and Charles Hockett.Structural or descriptive school of linguisticsScientific principle of observation of human languagesSubject to investigation: only publicly observable responsesLanguage could be dismantled into small pieces or units and these units could be described scientifically, contrasted, and added up again to form the whole.
RATIONALISM AND COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY
Generative transformational school of linguistics: Noam Chomsky.Human language cannot be scrutinized simply in terms of observable stimuli and responses or the volumes of raw data gathered by field linguists.Interested not only in describing language but also in arriving at an explanatory level of adequacy in the study of language.Important distinction between the observable aspects of language and the hidden levels of meaning and thought that give birth or generate observable linguistic performance.Cognitive psychologies sought to discover underlying motivations and deeper structure of human behavior by using a rational approach (empirical study)
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Jean Piaget and Lev Vigotsky. They differ in the extent to which each emphasizes social context.Piaget stressed the importance of individual cognitive development as a relatively solitary act.Biological timetables and stages of development; social interaction was claimed only to trigger development at the right moment in timeVygotsky: social interaction was foundational in cognitive development and rejected the emotion of predetermined stages.
SUMMARY
TIME FRAME SCHOOL OF THOUGHT TYPICAL THEMES
Early 1900s& 1940s & 1950s
Structural & behaviorism
DescriptionObservable perfomanceScientific methodEmpricismSurface structureConditioning,reinforcement
1960s & 1970s Rationalism & cognitive psycology
Generative linguisticsAcquisition, innatenessInterlanguage systematicityUniversal grammar
1980s,1990s& early 2000
constructivism Interactive discourseSociocultural variableCooperative group learningInterlanguage variability
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