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Schooner MADELINE

CREW TRAINING MANUAL

SECTION E

APPENDICES

GLOSSARY

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A Aback (backwind) - the Sail filling on the wrong side About - on the other tack Aft (after) - toward the stern All Hands - the whole crew Aloft - in the rigging Amidships - in the center of the vessel Anchor Watch - a small watch of one or two hands kept while at anchor Avast - stop

B Backstays - line running from the masthead to the vessel’s side slanting a little aft Bail - iron rod partially circling the boom to which the sheet tackle is attached Beak - a beak like ornamental device projecting from the prow just below the bowsprit Beating - going towards the direction of the wind by alternate tacks Belay - to make a line secure around a pin, cleat or bitt Bend - to attach Bight - the middle of the line Binnacle - a box near the helm containing the compass Bitt - vertical timber used to belay or secure lines Block - a pulley used to gain mechanical advantage Bobstay - heavy line holding down the the end of the bowsprit Boom - a spar used to extend the foot of a fore and aft sail (mainsail, foresail and staysail) Bow - the forward end of the vessel Bowsprit - spar projecting forward of the hull to attach to headsail stays Bulkhead - walls within a vessel Bullseye - wooden circle through which a line is lead Bulwark - solid rail along ships side Bung - round wooden stopper inserted over nail, screw or bolt Buntlines - lines used for hauling up the body of a square sail

C Cable - large strong rope made fast to the anchor Carlins - Short fore & aft beams running beside a deck opening Cathead - stout timbers extending over the sides used to suspend the anchors Caulk - to stop up cracks with cotton or oakum using caulking irons & hammer Ceiling - the inside sheathing of a vessel Chain-plate - steel bar by which the rigging is attached to the hull Clamps - thick Planks on the inside of vessels to support the ends of a beam Cleat - a piece of wood fashioned with two horns used for securing lines Clew - lower forward corner of a fore and aft sail or lower corners of a square sail Companionway - steps between decks, Usually Steep Cross-Trees - light oak timbers used to spread the the topmast shrouds

D Davit - device rigged on ships rail to handle dinghy or anchor Deadeyes - a round block with three holes used for tightening shrouds or stays

GLOSSARY

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Doghouse - structure protruding above deck to facilitate access to companionway Dorade - a vent for ventilating the lower deck Downhaul - a line used to haul down a fore and aft sail Draft - distance between the waterline and the lowest part of the keel Drift - (a) floating matter driven by wind or current, (b) round iron rod used to

support and secure wooden parts to one another

E Eye-Splice - a loop formed by weaving the end of a rope back into itself

F Fall - the hauling part of a line (which falls upon the deck) Fathom - six feet Fife-Rail - a sturdy rail at foot of mast, having holes for belaying pins to make fast

halyards and other running rigging: rails attached to shrouds called pin rails Flitch - lengthwise plank cut from tree trunk not trimmed on edges Foot - bottom edge of sail Foot rope (horse) - lines stretched under a spar to stand on Fore - the forward part of a vessel Fore an Aft - lengthwise along a vessel Forecastle/Forepeak - the extreme forward compartment usually used for stowage Furl - to roll a sail up snugly on a yard or boom and secure it Futtocks - curved timber, a number of which when bolted together form a ships frame Futtock Shrouds - lines which support the cross trees from below

G Gaff - the spar which supports the head of the mainsail Galley - a ship’s kitchen Gaskets - braided lines to secure a furled sail G.P.S. - Global Positioning System

H Halyards - lines used to raise sails Haul - pull Head - ship’s toilet Headsails - sails forward of the mast (Jibs and Staysail) Helm - steering apparatus Horse/Traveler - device made of round iron rod fitted to the deck to which sheet tackle

is attached

J Jacobs Ladder - ladder lowered from deck to assist persons boarding or off loading Jib - the forwardmost sails Jibboom - extension of the bowsprit Jigger - a small tackle used to add purchase to a line

GLOSSARY

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K Keel - the lowest and principle timber of a vessel Keelson - long timber just above keel but inside hull. (MADELINE’s is 11” * 11” of white oak) Knights Head - series of vertical timbers extending from keel to deck placed edge to edge

and fastened with drifts

L Lanyard - safety line tied to a tool or line between two deadeyes Leach - aftermost edge of a fore and aft sail, vertical edges of a square sail Lee (leeward) - the side away from the wind Lift - a line or tackle supporting the end(s) of a spar Lignum Vitae - very hard tropical wood, naturally impregnated with lubricating substance Loft - to draw plans full size to aid ship construction Loran - Derived from --- Long Range Navigation; an electronic system using shore based

transmitters and shipboard receivers to allow mariners to determine their position at sea. Accurate within 50’ to 200’

Luff - the leading edge of a fore and aft sail

M Mainsail - the largest sail Manacle - iron device used to support and attach top mast to lower mast Martingdale - a short vertical spar which supports the sails and rigging Mast - large vertical spar which supports the sails and rigging Mastcap - a heavy iron band holding the topmast securely against the masthead

O Outhaul - line used for hauling out the clew of the mainsail

P Painter - towline or tie up line for dinghy or other small boat Partners - heavy timbers supporting masts at deck level Peak - the aft upper corner of the mainsail Pin - a short piece of wood to which a line is secured Pitch (Propeller) - theoretical distance advanced by one revolution Port - the left hand side of the vessel Pressure Treat - high tech method of impregnating lumber to prevent premature decay Purchase - extra pulling power brought about by use of a tackle

Q Quarterdeck - raised afterdeck Quackenbush - A spirited presence oftentimes felt while underway.

GLOSSARY

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R Radar - a device using transmitted and reflected radio waves for detecting objects, both

direction and distance, presented on a screen as patches of light. Position of boat which radar is mounted is center of screen, used during periods of poor visibility.

Ratlines - lines running between shrouds used in climbing aloft Reef - to reduce the area of a sail by furling a portion of it Reef Band - row of short lines used to secure the furled portion of a reefed sail Reef Tackle - line used to stretch a reef band Rigging - the general term for all the lines of a vessel Rudder - the underwater portion of the steering mechanism Rudderpost - the part of the steering mechanism which connects the tiller to the rudder Running Rigging - all the lines used to manage the sails

S Safety Rope - net below the bowsprit and jibboom Schooner - vessel with two or more masts rigged with fore and aft sails. Mainsail is aft.

(see Schooners MHA Library by “Basil Greenhill”) Scupper - hole in bulwark at deck level to allow water to run off Sharp up - the yards being braced as near fore and aft as possible Sheet - lines fastened to lower after corner of sail used to control lateral movement of boom;

to hold against pull of wind. Shrouds - lines used to support the mast sideways Snap Hook - a hook that snaps in place Sole - cabin or cockpit sole Spar - the general term for all masts, yards, booms, gaffs, etc: Spiling - method of transforming curves or other irregular shapes from one surface to another.

Used to establish a shape which must fit against angled surfaces where simple measurements are inadequate.

Square - yards being braced straight across (side to side) Standing Rigging - lines to support stationary spars Starboard - right hand side of the vessel Stay - lines used to support the mast fore and aft Staysail - innermost headsail Stern - the aftermost part of a vessel Strake - one line of planking on a wooden ship. The garboard strake is at the Keel, the bilge

strake is at the turn of the bulge, the sheer strake at the top of the bulworks under the railcap.

Strike - to lower or take in the sails Stringer - a number of horizontal timbers connecting a ships frames on the inner side Stuffing Box - an iron chamber filled with flexible packing, fastened to the deadwood

through which the driveshaft passes. It’s purpose is to prevent seawater from entering the hull.

GLOSSARY

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T Tack - lower forward corner of a fore and aft sail, change vessels direction Tackle (pronounced tay’cle) a combination of rope and pulleys Throat - the forward upper corner of the mainsail and forsail Tiller - the lever by which the rudder is controlled Topmast - the second mast above the deck Topsail - square sail set between the yards at the topmast Transom - the traverse of flat part of the stern on a square sterned vessel Trim - to arrange the sails to make best use of the wind Turn - to pass a line around a pin, cleat or bitt

V Vessel - a boat, ship or other moving and floating craft

W Waist - the main deck aft of the mast Watch - a division of time and of crew on a vessel Waterline - the intersection of a vessels hull and the water service used to indicate proper trim Wear - to change a vessel direction by turning away from and across the wind Weather (windward) - the side towards the wind White Oak - a native timber with high decay resistance in fresh water White Pine - a local timber whose molecular structure permits relatively more bending

ability then other species Windlass - the machine (handpowered) used to raise the anchor

Y Yards - spars that carry square sails Yard-Arms - the ends of a yard

MADELINE RIGGING TERMINOLOGY

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(Detail omitted for clarity)

1. Jib Topsail 2. Jib 3. Staysail 4. Foresail 5. Mainsail 6. Main Topsail 7. Main Sheet 8. Foresail Sheet 9. Staysail Sheet 10. Bowsprit 11. Jib Boom 12. Staysail Boom

13. Martigale or Dolphin Striker 14. Bob Stay 15. Cross Trees 16. Shrouds 17. Baggywrinkle 18. Fore Topmast 19. Spring Stay 20. Main Topmast 21. Peak Halyard 22. Throat Halyard (main) 23. Reef Points

LENGTH ON DECK ......................................... 55 FEET 1 MAIN SAIL BEAM .............................................................. 16 FEET 2. MAIN TOP SAIL DRAFT .............................................................. 7 FEET 3. FORE SAIL HEIGHT OF MASTS".......................... 68 AND 71 FEET 4. FORE TOPSAIL GROSSTONNAGE ........................................ 5O TONS 5. STAY SAIL MAXIMUM SAIL AREA ............... 2,205 SQUARE FEET 6. INNER JIB PRESENTLY RIGGED ............... 1,539 SQUARE FEET

Fore Topsail temporarily removed. 7. OUTER JIB

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About MADELINE

The original MADELINE was built in Fairport, Ohio in 1845 as a freight-? carrying schooner. She carried barrels of fish from Mackinac Island and other commodities to and from ports on upper Lake Michigan.

Since little is known about the

construction of the first MADELINE, the MHA's reconstruction is based on other 19th century schooners of the same size and period. Today's schooner was built using both traditional and modern materials and technology. She complies with current United States Coast Guard safety regulations.

MADELINE was built of traditional boat

building woods native to Northern Michigan. The keelson is a 50' x 11" x 11" white oak timber. Her 34 frames are 7" double sawn white oak on 18" centers. White oak, strong and naturally rot resistant, was and is a common and preferred boat building material. The planking and deck are 2" native pine, pressure-treated to insure the boat's longevity. The spars (masts, gaffs, booms and bowsprit) were shaped from local white pine timbers. The hand-built blocks and deadeyes are made of Osage Orange.

Aloft, MADELINE's rig is that of a two

masted fore and aft schooner; some call her a top sail schooner. Traditionally, sails were made of tanbark-treated cotton canvas. Today's MADELINE has sails sewn from Dacron fabric which is more durable.

Likewise her lines are made of modern

LENGTH OVERALL ......................................... 92 FEET

Sail Plan

fibers: Dacron and nylon instead of traditional hemp, a natural fiber. Her shrouds and forestays are made of steel cable, an innovation of the 19th century.

COME ABOARD-JOIN THE MHA! The Maritime Heritage Alliance of Northern Michigan invites you to join them in

preserving Great Lakes maritime history. Membership dues sponsor boat building,restoration and other education projects. Help keep the spirit alive!

1 Wheel and Wheel Box 8 Cargo Hatch 2 Main Cabin House 9 Forward Cabin House 3 Main Hatch & Companionway 10 Main Hatch & Companionway

4 Charley Noble (stove’s chimney) 11 Foremast 5 Main Mast 12 Fo’c’sle Hatch 6 Manual Bilge Pump 13 Anchor Windlass

4 Ship’s Stove Captain & Mates Berth

9 . Forward Head Crew Berth

B Engine Room E Fo’c’sle 5 Head 1 0 Paint and Rope Lockers 6 Engine Crew Berths

Stowage for Tools & Supplies F Forepeak C

7 Cargo Hold Manifold for Bilge Pumps

1 1 Chain Locker

Crew Berth

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Deck Plan

Welcome Aboard MADELINE is a reconstruction of a

mid-19th century fore and aft schooner built by the Maritime Heritage Alliance, a non-? profit organization based in Traverse City, Michigan.

The original MADELINE sailed the waters of Lake Michigan more than 150 years ago. During the winter of 1850-51 her cargo hold became the first non-Indian school in Grand Traverse region.

the

A Main Cabin 1 Lazarette

Like her namesake, today's MADELINE has served education since her first frames were lofted in 1985. During the five year building project, hundreds of volunteers learned boat building skills using traditional and modern methods.

Since MADELINE was launched in 1990, the MHA has maintained her as a dock side interpretative center allowing thousands of visitors to come aboard and learn about Great Lakes maritime history and traditional sailing craft. When under sail, MADELINE becomes a training ship for her crew and a goodwill

2 Navigation Station D Forward Cabin 3 Galley 8 Hanging Locker

ambassador representing Traverse City the Grand Traverse Region throughout Great Lakes.

and the

The members of the Maritime Heritage

Alliance invite you to explore MADELINE from stem to stem. Our volunteer tour guides and crew welcome your questions.

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KNOTS

The Clove Hitch

The Rolling Hitch

The Figure Eight Knot

The Reef Knot Slipped Reef Knot

The Bowline

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POINTS OF SAIL

MAINSAIL & FORESAIL

RIGGING

MAIN (OR FORE) GAFF ß

TOPMASTà

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ELECTRIC SYSTEM PANELS

CODE:

RED

ON ALL THE TIME GREEN ON UNDERWAY YELLOW AS NEEDED

MAIN PANEL: Location: Cargo Hold, after bulkhead, port side (in wooden cabinet)x

RED: ALL CABIN LIGHTS

ALL BILGE PUMPS RADIO/TELEPHONE

GREEN

INSTRUMENTS LORAN

NAV. PANEL YELLOW:

SUMLOG DEPTHSOUNDER BILDGE BLOWER

HORN

MASTER SWITCH Location: Cargo hold, aft bulkhead, port side in metal cabinet

DO NOT MESS WITH THIS!

NAVIGATION LIGHTS Location: Main cabin, aft bulkhead, port side

YELLOW: FORWARD RUNNING LIGHT

PORT RUNNING LIGHT STBD. RUNNING LIGHT STERN LIGHT GALLOWS LIGHT FORWARD SPREADER LIGHT AFT SPREADER LIGHT

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MADELINE

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MADELINE PINS & CLEATS

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