MARS ONE PROJECT

MARIA MONTESSORI

ELECTRIC CARS

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some kind of popular science

SCI

2013 2013

NEW TECHNOLOGIES

3D PRINTERS

Photo: Carmine delight www.klariart.com

Author: Elif KoyuncukPublished by: Mladinski center Dravinjske dolineContact: elif.koyuncuk@hotmail.comŽička Cesta 4a3210 Slovenske KonjiceSloveniaEdition: 3/ November-December 2013Copies: 100

Maria Montessori

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Marsone project

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New technologies

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3D printers

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Paradoxes & impossible

objects

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Science fiction

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Science pages

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Did you know?

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Nobel prizes 2013

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Editor’s page

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I N D E X :

Electric and hybrid cars

INDEX

SCIsome kind of popular science

Hello again science lovers!

I have good news and bad news for you. Bad news is, this is the

last edition. Because my EVS project ends and I will not share my

articles with you any more. First good news: with this you got

totally 3 SCI magazines which were written during my EVS project,

3 good memories on your shelf. Second good news: In this edition

there are also articles of my friends, with whom I work in MCDD.

Besides their own personal projects, they contributed to my

magazine and it is a big pleasure for me to share their articles with

you.

Olga Vincente Lorenzo introduces you Maria Montessori, a very

succesful female scientist from 19th century. Leonardo Garcia Diaz

offers an alternative solution to combustion engine cars by

informing you about electric cars. Emre Uysal tickles your brain

with paradoxes and surprizes you with impossible objects. Janberk

Turan tells you how most of ideas in science fiction books and

movies became true altough they were just dreams and fantasies in

the past .

You will also find interesting articles about 3D printers, Mars-

one Project, new technologies, popcorn, and more. Enjoy!

Special thanks to my host organization, Mladinski center

Dravinske doline, for all their support about my personal project.

You can reach all SCI editions online by this link:

http://issuu.com/elifkynck

Elif Koyuncuk

Author and Designer of SCI

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EDITOR’S PAGE

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MARIA MONTESSORIMaria Montessori was educator, scientist, doctor, psychiatrist,

philosopher, psychologist, feminist and humanist Italian. She was

born on 31 August 1870 in Chiaravalle in the province of Ancona,

Italy, in a bourgeois Catholic family.

She was beyond time which she lived in. She studied

engineering when she was just fourteen years old, after biology

and finally medicine. In that time the highest aspiration for women

was to be a teacher, but she studied medicine at the University of

Rome. She became first female doctor in Italy. At those times at

University of Rome women were not allowed to study medicine.

Still nobody knows how she got her

graduation. But she was a doctor with

the best qualifications. Shortly after

she started to work as an assistant in

the department of psychiatry of

University of Rome. At this time she

was interested in the education of

children who had some kind of mental

deficiency, and applying experimental

methods. She managed to teach those

children how to read and write.

Disabled children could overcome

exams which are for normal children. She thought that if this

method worked for disabled children, with "normal" children

results would have been amazing.

In 1907 in Italy the first House of Children (House for children

with social-economic problems) was inaugurated in San Lorenzo,

Rome.

‘Within the child lies the fate of the future’

Montessori with children

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The Minister of Education pretended that it served to control

children, but the House of Children became an important

investigation center in very short time. Maria Montessori, as a

director, got four or five years old children who has troubles,

taught them how to write and read in natural way. At the same time

she began to develop her own method by

using the observing systematic and by

elaborating new pedagogy.

She was the creator of the Scientific

Pedagogy and a new revolutionary way of

education. Her educational principles

were based on atmosphere-children-love

triangle.

The minds of children have wonderful

and unique ability: the ability to acquire

knowledge by absorbing with their

psychic life. They learn unconsciously,

gradually passing from the unconsciousness to consciousness,

moving along a path where all is joy. They were compared to a

sponge, with the difference that the sponge has a limited

absorption capacity; the child's mind is infinite. Knowledge comes

into their head by the simple fact of living.

Obviously the first period of human development is the most

important. It is the stage of life there is more need of aid. They need

aid, not because they are deemed insignificant and weak, because

they are endowed with great creative energy and fragile nature. So

these valuable features must be protected.

The prepared atmosphere allows the child to develop without the

constant help and supervision of an adult. The design of this

atmosphere is based on the principles of simplicity, beauty and

order. There are bright and warm spaces, including language,

plants, art, music and books. The living room is organized in work

areas equipped with tables adapted to the size of children and open

areas for work on the ground.

philosophy of

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Scientist of the monthMaria Montessori

Scientist of the monthMaria Montessori

In each development area the materials are organized

systematically and in sequence of difficulty. The role of teachers is

to teach each child individually. The highlight is, it imposes no

lessons to anyone; their work is based on guiding and helping each

child according to his/her needs, and can not intervene until they

need it, to direct their mental activity.

The level and type of intelligence is formed primarily during the

first years of life. In 5 years, the brain reaches 80% of its adult size.

The children's plasticity of education shows that the potential

should be exploited starting early. Knowledge should not be

introduced into the heads of children. On the contrary, using their

own knowledge must be perceived by them as a result of their

reasoning. The most important thing is to motivate children to

satisfy their curiosity and experience the pleasure of discovering

ideas rather than receiving knowledge from others. Allow the child

to find the solution of the problems. Unless it is very necessary,

don’t bring new knowledge from outside. Allow them to build their

knowledge based on their specific experiences. With respect to

competences, this behavior should be introduced only after the

child has confidence in the use of basic knowledge. As Montessori

says: ‘Never leave the child to fail if there isn’t any reasonable

chance to succeed’.

She believed that they could not create geniuses. But to give

opportunity to fulfill their potential would make them

independent, secure and balanced human. Another innovative

concept was that each child marks their own pace or speed to learn

and that time must be respected. Maria Montessori developed a

specific educational material that is fundamental for the

development and implementation of her method. It is not just a

hobby, not a single source of information, it is more than that, it is

educational material for teaching. It is designed to capture the

curiosity of children. It is a guide for education through the desire

of learning. To achieve this goal has to be presented grouped

according to their function, according to the innate needs of each

student.

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Educational materials can be used individually or in groups by

participating in storytelling, talks, discussions, cooperative work,

singing, outdoor games and free play activities. This ensures

communication, exchange of ideas, learning the culture, ethics and

morality. In general all teaching materials have a degree more or

less elaborated of the four values: functionality, experimentation,

structure and relationship. Another feature is, almost all

equipment is self-correcting, so that no task can be completed

without the children realizing

their mistakes by themselves. If a

task performed incorrectly they

find gaps or leftover pieces. The

children do things by themselves,

use simple devices and see

growing things (plants, animals),

open their mind to science. The

colors, papers of different

textures, multiform objects and three dimentional geometric

figures encourage creative expression.

Since 1926 the Montessori Schools were extended around the

world. She continued studying, writing and giving a lot of

conferences. For her important works in the education field.

University of Amsterdam awarded her with Honoris Causa. She was

also proposed for Nobel Peace Prize three times.

It is difficult for us to understand the impact of Maria

Montessori in the reform of teaching methods in the early

twentieth century. Most of her ideas seem now obvious or even too

simple. But at those days they were radical innovations, which

produced great controversy and important changes.

Olga Vincente Lorenzo

Sources

http://www.uhu.es/cine.educacion http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Montessori http://mujeres-riot.webcindario.com/Maria_Montessori.htm

Scientist of the monthMaria Montessori

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A sciene from movie about Montessori

MARS ONE PROJECT Just a century ago, travelling to outer space was just a fantasy

which we could just dream about. Big space adventure started in

1961 when Yuri Gagarin first time went to outer space and reached

an incredible point with a fantastic project aims to establish

settlement on the red planet Mars.

A few entrepreneur scientists in Netherlands established a non

profit organisation called Mars One. The big goal is creating a

permanent human colony on the planet Mars in 2023. Idea of

project has been started in 2011. Founding members of Mars One

came together to develop the strategic plan. In 2012 project was

declared to community with all details of its mission. For this hard

mission brave and eager people were wanted. They made an open

call to all around the world with just one

condition: people had to be over

18. Just in second week 78,000

candidates were allready

applied for project. Now this

number reached over 100,000.

Selection of volunteers will be

completed in 2015 and they will

start their 8 years long training to

be educated as astronauts. After a

tough and long term training, in

2022, they will be ready to start

their journey from Earth to Mars.

Journey will take 7 months and

when they will reach on the surface

of Mars great adventure will start.

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Mars One ProjectGreat space adventure

After arrival, new inhabitants of red planet will need to face a big

challenge. At least first 6 months they will have to accomplish a lot

of construction work. They will build structures for themselves to

live in and to make research. Step by step they will start to create a

new stable life on the planet.

Candidates who are chosen to achieve this mission have to make

the hardest decision in their lifes. They won't see their family again,

won't pet their cats at least once again, won't taste a warm pizza

ever again... Because it is a one way trip and there is no turn back!

For the first time 4 people will be sent, consist of 2 women and 2

men. Each year 4 more people will be added. For sure there must be

a huge preparation process and there are a lot of obstacles and

limitations to be achieved. Howewer, each step was allready

planned. In 2016 SpaceX-Dragon module will be prepared it must

have 2,5 tons of food capacity. In 2018, an explorer vehicle will start

to work on Mars to detect the place for settlement. 1 discovery

vehicle, 2 life units, 2 life support units and 2 support units will be

launched by Dragon Module in 2021. After all preparations,

conditions will be approppriate to support human life on the planet.

As we know from previous experiences, less than half of modules

could reach Mars surface which were sent. This information lets us

think how risky sending human-carrying modules is. While there

can be a big danger during travel from Earth to Mars, it is also

possible that they can have various safety problems after arrival. oFirst of all, surface temperature is -55 C and there are powerful

radiation which they always have to be protected. In addition, lack

of food or water can be a big problem.

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Mars One Project

They can also have some serious

psychological problems because

they will be all the time under

pressure because of hard life

conditions.

From the beginning of their life

on Mars, daily life of astronauts

will be recorded all the time and their adventure will be a reality

show on TV. Income from this reality show will be reused for

finances of Mars One project.

Actually, if we think about feasibility of the project, it looks

impossible. They need a lot of money, too much hard work and high

technology equipment to achieve everyhthing. Most of people don’t

believe that project owners can manage it or not. Anyway, most of

us will live until 2023 and we will see that they accomplish or not.

More or less you know the details now. So you still have time to

be a candidate for the project. Good luck!

Sources http://www.uzaycobanlari.com

http://www.mars-one.com

https://applicants.mars-one.com

www.space.com

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Great space adventure

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This morning you may drink your coffee from special cup which

you designed last day. You may give a tiny copy of your friend for

her birthday. It is possible to print a new piece for your car. Girls

can use their own designed jewelery or shoes whenewer they

want... These are not dreams, they happened and are happening.

Also we don't need to wait to have them in our daily lifes. In my

opinion, they are one of the best devices invented in last 50 year.

Story of 3D printers started with idea of Charles Hull. In 1984 he

produced first 3D object by using digital data. In 90's a lot of

companies invested in 3D printing technology and some

interpreneurs established new companies to produce their new

developed 3D printers. Today this technology is very common. I

think you don't have to wait too much to have one for your home.

What are 3D printers? They are devices which produce 3D objects that are converted

from computer designed drawings to real solid objects without

need for extra mold or fixture by using different kind of materials.

3D printing is an additive technology in which objects are built up

in many thin layers. They work at the same principle

as prototyping devices. It is also possible to find

some prototyping devices which are faster and

have better quality. They are usually used

for producing pieces in automotive and

aerospace industy. On the contrary, 3D

printers are smaller, cheaper and they are

more appropriate for home use. That's why

they are chosen for daily use.

3D PRINTERS

A home type 3D printer10

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3D printersToday & future

How is possible to print? First of all, you need a drawn 3D model of your object in your

computer. Some softwares which can be used for this purpose are

AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Google Sketchup, Rhino3D Autodesk

123D... Models which are designed by these programs sould be

converted to STL document and exported to printed to be produced.

A wide range of materials can be used to produce your model such

as polimers, ceramics, stainless steel, brass, bronze, poliamide,

resin, titanium, silver, gold, even chocholade or cheese!

Different kind of technologies can be used for 3D printing.

Difference between technologies is related to method how they

generate layers of object. Some common technologies which are

used for 3D printing are selective laser sintering, fused deposition

modelling and stereolithography.

For which purposes 3D printers can be used? Today, 3D printers are used for wide range of purposes. Besides producing objects for hobby or for your daily life, they are also used for producing prototypes before industrial manifacturing. Also in medical science implants are printed by 3D printers. It is possible to print very complicated objects or moving pieces as you can see in the picture. Some companies offer you to print your personal designed object and send it to your home. If you have a computer program that you can design your own 3D object with and if you are good at designing, you can design your favorite object by yourself and order it as a real object on internet. For example you may be interested in this web page http://i.materialise.com which belongs to Materialize Company.

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When you prepare your design and choose material it shows you how it will look like and how much will it cost. If you want to purchase it, they send it to you by post. There are 17 different material choices and there are information about materials. Besides this, you can see and buy other objecs which designed before. In the near future, women will design their own shoes and print them out at home or they will be able to send their designs to print shops and let them be produced there. There are no limits about 3D printing. Blizzdent Company produced a tooth cleaner by 3D printing. According to your mouth shape you get your personal cleaner. They claim that it makes perfect cleaning just in 6 seconds. An engineering company Solid Concepts could produce a gun by 3D printing but they had trouble with Disarmament and international law in USA. Of course, non of us wants 3D printers to be used for weapon production. Nowadays, medical and biotechnological applications of 3D printers are rising. A lot of applications are allready started from producing arm implants to periodontic applications. In addition scientists started to work on producing artificial organs, tissues, muscle fibrilles and vascular systems. They call this method 'bioprinting'. There are different kinds of 3D printers which you can find on internet. Their prices changes according to their properties. Maybe it is time to buy one and start to print your ideas!

Sources http://www.elektrikport.com

http://explainingthefuture.com

http://i.materialise.com

http://3dprintingindustry.com

http://www.3byazici.com

3D printers

Bio printed ear

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Today & future

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Google Glasses Meet the newest technology of Google Company. With this new

technologic device you will carry your mini computer all the time

right in front of your eyes. When you are dancing, celebrating your

child's birthday, visiting a museum, this glasses will be always with

you. You just need to say 'OK glass, record!' or 'glass, take photo!'

When you travel to a new city and you

want to have more information about

architecture, you can google it

instantly. During your travel in another

country, it will be your best helper to

translate all signs and information

around you. All of these, you will do

hands-free! Poperties of google glass

are: The display is the equivalent of a

25-inch high definition screen. From around 2.5 meters away 5

megapixels camera that can capture video at 720p resolution. The

rechargeable battery last for roughly a day. There's 16GB of flash

memory built into the device, although only 12GB is currently

available for user storage. Bluetooth and WiFi will be built in, but

there is no GPS chip, so the Glass will probably work best alongside

an Android phone for full Google Maps functionality. You can

however pair it with any Bluetooth enabled phone and would

expect some support for IOS at least. Sound will be produced

through bone conduction transfer - vibrating your skull to

transmit to your eardrum. Google recently revealed a new version

of the Glass headset that can take an optional mono earbud if you

need to wear Glass in a noisy environment where bone conduction

just can't give the volume you require.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES

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New technologiesInnovated & produced

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Wireless Chargers Electricity converted to electromagnetic field with an induction

coil by wireless charger. This electromagnetic field is transferred

to cell phone's battery. A secondary coil in mobile phone receives

electromagnetic field and again converts it to electric current to

use in mobile phone. Actually this

technology has been used from 90's.

For example Oral-B rechargeable

toothbrushes by the Braun company

have used inductive charging since

the early 1990s .

We will discuss about the most

famous companies which produce

wireless charging technology: Nokia,

Samsung and Google.

Nokia Lumia 920 has wireless

charging built-in. And you can charge Nokia Lumia 820 wirelessly

by adding on a wireless charging shell .

Nexus wireless charger by Google company is compatible

for any device which has inductive charging property. Nexus

Wireless Charger is officially supported by the Nexus 5, Nexus 7

and Nexus 4, since each has wireless charging built-in. It has a

glass-like top that is a fingerprint magnet, soft-touch sides, and a

super sticky bottom that helps it adhere to your desk.

Samsung Company has produced very elegant wireless charger

and developed Galaxy S4. You can use this smart phone with its

normal back cover or special cover which has wireless apparatus.

The charger is also compatible for other smartphones.

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Keyboard revolution Everybody knows that it is hard to type

on the screen of mobile phones. To write

your messages or mails more comfortable,

iPhone has an application which you can

download from iTunes for free. You just

need to print out its special keyboard and

put your iPhone to the right place. You can

do everything like it is a real keyboard,

such as chatting with your friends, playing

games, typing texts. It is also practical because you just carry a

piece of paper in your pocket and use it anywhere you want. The

phone's camera detects your fingers with state of art algorithms.

The fastest DNA sequencer DNA sequencing has revolutionized medicine and biomedical

research. For example, DNA analysis can tell doctors which drug

might work best against a particular cancer. But current

technology usually sequences only short stretches of DNA and can

take hours or days. But with this new sequencer, it is much faster

than you can imagine. There are 5 steps which you can follow and

than your DNA strands will be sequenced. First of all you drop pure

DNA or blood on the chip. DNA is divided into two single strands by

an enzyme. Due to amount of nucleotides, electrical currency

interrupted in nanopores and a sensor records this electrical

disturbance. In next step electric signals are recorded by a

software. After all you need to do is to check errors of your

information. 70,000 base pairs can be sequenced with this device.

Sources http://www.techradar.com

http://www.google.com/glass/start/

http://www.droid-life.com

https://itunes.apple.com

http://www.popsci.com

Innovated & producedNew technologies

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Present or future? Unfortunately for environment the answer is future. Why? From

my point of view there are two main answers.

First one is: this technology is more or less new and still is not

very good developed. There is problem about batteries: how many

kilometers you can run with one full battery? At the moment the

longest distance is between one

hundred fifty and two hundred

kilometers (With electric car,

hybrid is different). That’s why

people who think to buy electric

car aren’t still convinced. Also

there is other one more problem:

There aren’t any ‘charge points’

in all cities, so if you want to buy

an electric car, first you must

check if there is one of this

points close to you or not.

Second problem is about economic interest. As you know big

petrol companies are so rich and they can control even car

companies with the aim of avoiding them to sell good and really

usefull ellectric cars. I think, big petrol companies pay to owners of

cars companies to be silent about new

electric car technologies. Now I would like

to tell you what are the different kinds of

electric cars that already are developed.

Electric powered vehicles (E.V.) are

powered by electricity and they need to be

connected to an external power source for

charging.

An electric car on charging

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Electric carsPresent or future?

Actually inside of this group there are three kinds:

Electric Battery Vehicles (E.B.V.): The battery electric vehicles or

E.B.V. have a battery as a power supply. They can be plugged into a

charger or in some cases, depleted battery can be replaced with

charged one. The E.B.V. hasn’t got a fuel tank, exhaust pipe like

conventional engine or any integrated electricity generation

source.They usually can travel from 100 to 160 km.

H.E.V. plug-in: Plug-in hybrid

electric vehicles have two power

systems. In some H.E.V. plug-in

cars, the main power source is a

battery, a secondary engine

generates additional electricity

from gasoline when the battery

runs out. These cars usually can

travel from 40 to 80 km by battery

power, which extends hundreds of

km with fuel generated electricity. Other H.E.V. plug-in cars use a

conventional gasoline engine as the main power source and

supplemented with a battery that can be recharged by plugging.

This type of hybrid vehicles usually have an electrical path from 16

to 24 km, which extends hundreds of kilometers when the gasoline

engine is being used.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (H.E.V.): Hybrid or H.E.V. electric

vehicles have two or more power systems, usually a battery and a

conventional engine. In H.E.V. regenerative braking generates

electricity to charge the battery, which provides a secondary power

source to the conventional engine. These vehicles can only travel

short distances (5-6 km) with battery and can’t be plugged in a

power grid.

Now in the automotive market you can find many car companies

that sell electric cars. For example Toyota was the first company

which developed an hybrid car that really works well: Toyota Prius

Hybrid.

If you can find some charging points in your city, you’re lucky!

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Present or future?Electric cars

After that the automotive giants started to sell their own electric

and hybrid cars: Renault Kangoo Electric, BMW i3, Peugeot iOn,

Nisan Leaf...

Now let’s talk about advantages of electrics cars. The use of an

electric vehicle represents a significant saving to the consumer's

pocket. Its main economic advantage comes from the type of energy

use: electricity. It is much cheaper to recharge an electric car than

fill the tank of internal combustion car with gasoline. So that, the

initial expense of buying an electric car is amortized over several

years through savings in fuel. Especially when you consider about

gasoline prices, they increase in short and medium term. Aside

from fuel, electric cars have significant maintenance savings,

because they don’t use oil or other lubricants. They have a little

brake wear and they don’t have mechanical transmissions.

Furthermore, energy efficiency of the electric vehicle is almost

double times more than internal combustion car. According to the

European Commission, an electric car has an efficiency of 60%,

when conventional engine cars have 20%.

Finally, we must not forget the important advantages of electric

cars for the environment which also has economic benefits,

particularly for the society. The most important thing: the exhaust

of these vehicles don’t emit carbon dioxide. So they help to reduce

greenhouse gases and air pollution caused by emissions from

conventional cars. Moreover, their engines are virtually silent and

have no vibration, which helps reducing noise pollution.

Leonardo Garcia Diaz

Source: http://www.gepowercontrols.com

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Here is not written ‘Paradox’

What is paradox? As you can see in title, it confuses you. There is

written, 'there is not written paradox' but in fact, there is written

paradox! That is a paradox. Paradoxes are interesting, surprising

and they tickle your brain.

Description of paradox from wikipedia: ‘A paradox is a

statement that apparently contradicts itself and yet might be true.

Most logical paradoxes are known to be invalid arguments but are

still valuable in promoting critical

thinking.’

Liar paradox (Epimenides) Cretan phylosopher Epimenides created

first paradoxes. His most famous paradox

is 'liar paradox'. He made confuse people

around him when he said ' All Cretans are

liars'. Thomas Fowler (1869) states the

paradox as follows: Epimenides the

Cretan says 'all the Cretans are liars' but

Epimenides is himself a Cretan; therefore

he is himself a liar. But if he is a liar, what

he says is untrue, and consequently the Cretans are veracious; but

Epimenides is a Cretan, and therefore what he says is true; saying

the Cretans are liars, Epimenides is himself a liar, and what he says

is untrue. Thus we may go on alternately proving that Epimenides

and the Cretans are truthful and untruthful.'

PARADOXES AND IMPOSSIBLE OBJECTS

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Liar Pinocchio paradox

The twin paradox

One of the most famous

paradox is Einstein's

twin paradox. One of the

twins is staying on

Earth while his twin was

moving in space. After

39 years twin on the

Earth became 72 years

old and then his twin

returned suddenly. He couldn't recognize him. The other twin was

moving in space at almost speed of light. When he came back to

earth after 39 years, he remained almost the same while his twin

became old. So, he couldn't recognize him.

Impossible Objects An impossible object (also known as an

impossible figure or an undecidable figure)

is a type of optical illusion consisting of a

two-dimensional figure which is instantly

and subconsciously interpreted by the visual

system as representing a projection of a

three-dimensional object although it is not

geometrically possible for such an object to

exist (at least not in the form interpreted by the visual system).

In most cases the impossibility becomes apparent after viewing

the figure for a few seconds. However, the initial impression of a

three-dimentional object remains even after it has been

contradicted. There are also more subtle examples of impossible

objects where the impossibility does not become apparent

spontaneously and it is necessary to consciously examine the

geometry of the implied object to determine that it is impossible.

Brain ticklingParadoxes & impossible objects

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Brain tickling

Penrose stairs

Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd was

the first to deliberately design many

impossible objects. He has been called ‘the

father of impossible figures’. In 1934 he

drew the Penrose triangle, some years

before the Penroses. In Reutersvärd's

version the sides of the triangle are broken

up into cubes. In 1956, British psychiatrist

Lionel Penrose and his son, mathematician

Roger Penrose, submitted a short article to

the British Journal of Psychology titled

"Impossible Objects: ‘A Special Type of

Visual Illusion’. This was illustrated with

the Penrose triangle and Penrose stairs.

The article referred to Escher, whose work

had sparked their interest in the subject,

but not Reutersvärd, of whom they were

unaware. The article was published in

1958.

Emre Uysal

Sources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox

http://www.biltek.tubitak.gov.tr

http://karavi.wordpress.com/category/puzzles

http://physicaplus.org.il/

Paradoxes & impossible objects

Blivet (Devil’s tuning fork)

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SCIENCE PAGES Everybody knows what is science fiction, but most of people think that

science fiction is just space, spaceships, aliens, monsters. But it is not

true. Mainly science fiction movies or books try to answer where

humanity is going. This is really good question, because it never ends.

During existence of mankind in the world, this question will be with us

and we will wonder about the answer.

To be a science fiction writer is one of the most amazing jobs in the

world. You need to have wide scientific knowlegde and also you need to

have a crazy mind. If you don't have it, please don't try to write something

about science fiction. In my opinion, science fiction writers live in the

future in their minds. Maybe physicaly they are here with us but mentally

they are many years ahead.

Most of invention ideas comes from science fiction books or movies.

When Jules Verne wrote ‘Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea’, there

wasn't this much submarine technology. After, our

technology has progressed and we have similar

technologies as written in his book. Also when Mary

Shelly wrote ‘Frankenstein’ people didn't know

anything about the transplantations. These are just

some examples. So many ideas which we use now in

daily life, comes from science fiction books.

If we talk about science fiction history, it stared at 2nd

century with Lucian's ‘True History’ and some stories of

‘Tales of 1001 Nights’. They are kind of science fiction. But in

my opinion, gods of science fiction are Jules Verne, H. G. Wells

and Hugo Gernsback. Also most of people have the same idea.

When Jule Verne was a little child, he lived in a town near the see and

he always interested in sea, ships and travelling.

SCIENCE FICTION: PRE-FUTURE

no

Pre-futureScience fiction

When he was 12 years old, he ran away from home

and joined a ship crew. But his father caught him

and brought him back. It is said that after that

moment Jules promised his father that he will just

travel in his mind. Maybe it is true maybe not. But

the truth is, he had great imagination. 'From

Earth to the Moon', 'Twenty Thousand Leagues

Under The Sea', 'Journey to the Center of The

Earth' and more of them are books that were

beyond the current time when they were written.

H.G. Wells was also one of the pioneers of the science fiction. His books

are different than Jules Verne's books. Because he mostly didn't write

about technology. He mostly wrote about the impact of technology on

society. Hugo Gernsback was the owner of the first science fiction

magazine in history, 'Amazing Stories'.

If I talk about movies, I can say that Star Wars and

Star Trek series are two of the best science fiction

examples. Some people don't think like that but in my

opinion both of them have stories beyond the time.

Robots, lightsabers, spaceships, teleportation

devices and most of the ideas are great. In my

opinion, especially Star Wars is important for laser

technology. Lightsabers are kind of lasers and in

those time we didn't use it for some purposes yet. Also

we watched a lot of movies about robots and

computers and most of them came true.

As everybody knows, most popular theory in science fiction movies is

taking control of the world by computers. Maybe Matrix is more

imaginary story but computer technology is getting better and better.

Every year scientists invent more sensitive robots and much more people

become to be addicted to this technology. Maybe in the future, maybe in a

shorter time than we guess, technology can take the control. Who knows?

Janberk Turan

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SCIENCE PAGES www.engineerguy.com This web page was created by Bill Hammack, chemical engineer.

He explains working principles of a lot of devices with engineering

details and gives technical

information under this slogan: 'The

engineering details of all the stuff

you wanna know about'. He offers

videos and articles about many

topics such as structure of

fiberoptic cables, how transistors

work, what is the working

principle of open ring of soda

cans... As you can find all of these

in webpage, you can also search for

them in Youtube by using keywords. If you are impressed by ideas

and explanations of this 'Engineer Guy', you may have his book '8

Amazing Engineering Stories'. This book is available as hardcopy

and e-book.

http://thedailydish2013.blogspot.com/ Y ou wi ll b e v ery s urp rise d whe n you see how

bacteria became an artwork as they are growing

in petry dish and you will appreciate how

beautiful results can happen when science and

art come together. Artist-scientist Klari Reis,

creator of this blog calls this kind of art 'Petri

Painting'.

Eye of the tiger

no

Science pagesEditor’s suggestion

Actually I have seen different kind of

petri arts on internet before, but this

one is very proffessional and impressed

me a lot. Klari everyday adds a new

petri painting. This artworks can be

followed day by day. She creates names

for each work according to her

inspiration arising from their beauty,

such as Lemonade slushy, Lychee

coctail, Jelly belly bowl... If you are

interested about other artworks of her,

you can also visit www.klariart.com.

There is online shop link which can be

clicked for ordering her artworks. She is also reachable on

Facebook and Twitter.

www.sciencebob.com Perfect source for children and

families! Children can find opoortunity

to understand some scientific facts

better by watching videos. How lava

lamp can be made? How can your hair be

funny with static electricity? How does

Van de Graaff generator work? There

are videos to answer such kind of

interesting questions. Experiments can

be done easily at home or at school with friends. This is a good way

to discover fun part of science.

Materials for experiments and methods

are explained very detailed. Also you

can order some science kits or book

from bobstore link.

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Shades of blue on tv static

Editor’s suggestionScience pages

www.scaleofuniverse.com Just push the start button and explore all universe from

microcosmos to macrocosmos. Creators of the webpage prepared

beautiful images which are helpful when comparing sizes. When

you start your travel through dimentions, you can adjust sizes by

sliding the bar below the image to left or right.

During your travel

you will have fun and

learn size of different

objects in the universe

from width of DNA to

diameter of a star

which is ten times

bigger than our sun.

The window which

appears when you click

on an object, offers

you more detailed

information.

In observable universe link there are photos which shows you

location of Earth in the Solar System, Solar System in Milky Way,

Milky May in local galactic groups, local galactic groups in local

superclusters... On each map you will realize how small is the

previous map. When you look at observable universe map, the last

one, it can make you feel so small and insignificant in whole

universe. But don't take it so seriously and enjoy your short life!

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DID YOU KNOW? How popcorn pops? Popcorn is one of the most common snacks in the world. It is

usually with us when we have a party with our friends, when we

watch a movie in cinema. But do we know what is going on when

you put corn kernels in the pan or microwave?

First of all you need to know that there are 4 different corn

species and just one of them has popping property. Because, corn

kernels must have some main physical characteristics. Popcorn

differs from other types of corn in that its hull has just the right

thickness to allow it to burst open. A popcorn kernel consists of 3

main components: germ, endosperm and pericarp. Endosperm has

starch inside and there must be between 13-14% of water in the

starch to be able to make the kernel explode. Pericarp must be hard

and resistant enough to withstand the pressure inside during

cooking process. Because the counter force must be kept until

moisture reaches the limit pressure.

When kernel is heated up, moisture inside of endosperm starts

to expand. Around 212 C, water-starch mix becomes gelatinous

form. When heat increases, water vaporizes and very high pressure

is created inside of kernel. As it explodes, steam inside the kernel is

released. The soft starch inside the popcorn becomes inflated and

spills out, cooling immediately and forming into the odd shape we

know and love. A kernel will swell 40-50 times its original size. Now

you know the adventure of a corn kernel which you can tell your

friends in a party!

Sources http://xenophilius.wordpress.com/category/physics/

http://www.popcorn.org/

o

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Nobel prizes are awarded every year since 1901, as Alfred Nobel

bequeathed in 1871. According to Nobel’s will, each year Nobel

prices are given to best invention or project that have most benefits

for humanity and that make humanity takes steps further. In this

edition of SCI, we present you Nobel winners of 2013, in physics,

chemistry and physiology or medicine.

In physics The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 was awarded jointly to François

Englert and Peter W. Higgs ‘for the theoretical discovery of a

mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of

mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed

through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the

ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider’.

In chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 was awarded jointly to

Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel ‘for the

development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems’.

In Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 was awarded

jointly to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C.

Südhof ‘for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle

traffic, a major transport system in our cells’.

Source http://www.nobelprize.org

NOBEL PRIZES 2013

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Helicobacter pylori

Photo: http://education.denniskunkel.com/

Helicobacter pylori

The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble and Chandrahttp://apod.nasa.gov/