SCIC in the WSIS Stocktaking Report

(July 2005): http://www.itu.int/wsishttp://www.itu.int/wsis The SCIC, founded in 1998 by ICFA, is listed in Section 7.8, The SCIC, founded in 1998 by ICFA, is listed in Section 7.8,

on E-science: on E-science: “ “ The International Committee on Future Accelerators: Standing The International Committee on Future Accelerators: Standing

Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity monitors the world’sCommittee on Inter-regional Connectivity monitors the world’sresearch and education networks, tracking requirements and research and education networks, tracking requirements and deals especially with digital divide issues. Its main goal is to deals especially with digital divide issues. Its main goal is to foster global scientific collaboration, so enabling scientists foster global scientific collaboration, so enabling scientists around the world to participate in frontier scientific around the world to participate in frontier scientific discoveriesdiscoveries.”.”

[No other initiative cited is quoted as working towards [No other initiative cited is quoted as working towards equalityequality in scientific research. Such equality is in scientific research. Such equality is a foundation of HEP’s collaborations.]a foundation of HEP’s collaborations.]

We focus on cost-effective technology solutions that bring We focus on cost-effective technology solutions that bring communities to a point where they can collaborate effectively;communities to a point where they can collaborate effectively; and create a “sustainable process of innovation” and create a “sustainable process of innovation”

For Africa this requires a modern optical fiber infrastructureFor Africa this requires a modern optical fiber infrastructure

The Global Lambda Integrated Facility for Research and Education (GLIF)

Architecting an international LambdaGrid infrastructure Architecting an international LambdaGrid infrastructure Grid applications “ride” on dynamically configured networks Grid applications “ride” on dynamically configured networks

based on optical wavelengths. based on optical wavelengths.

10 Gbps Links Across the Atlantic and Pacific are a New Reality

Interconnecting Nat’l Lambda Rail (US)

CANARIE (CA)JGN2 (Japan)

GEANT2 in EuropeCLARA in Latin Am. …

GLORIAD LinkInaugurated 9/4/05

SCIC Monitoring WG - Throughput Improvements 1995-2005

Bandwidth of TCP < MSS/(RTT*Sqrt(Loss)) (1)

(1) 1) Matthis et al., Computer Communication Review 27(3), July 1997Matthis et al., Computer Communication Review 27(3), July 1997

60% annual improvement

Factor ~100/10 yr

Progress: but Digital Divide is Mostly Maintained

Some Regions ~5-10 Years

Behind

SE Europe and Parts of Asia

May be Catching Up

(Slowly);

India, Africa in Danger of

Falling Ever-Farther Behind

TCP throughput measured from N. America to World Regions

1

10

100

1000

10000

Jan-

95

Jan-

96

Dec

-96

Dec

-97

Dec

-98

Dec

-99

Dec

-00

Dec

-01

Dec

-02

Dec

-03

Dec

-04

Der

ived

TC

P th

roug

hput

in K

Byt

es/s

ec

1

10

100

1000

10000

China (13)

S.E. Europe (21)

Europe(150) Canada (27)

Russia(17)

Edu (141)

Latin America (37)

India(7) Africa (30)

Mid East (16)C. Asia (8)From the PingER project, Jan 2005

Caucasus (8)

SCIC Main Conclusion for 2004Setting the Tone for 2005

The disparity among regions could increase even more The disparity among regions could increase even more sharply, as we deploy and learn to use advanced sharply, as we deploy and learn to use advanced networks effectively, and develop dynamic Grid systems networks effectively, and develop dynamic Grid systems in the “most favored” regions in the “most favored” regions

We must therefore take action, We must therefore take action, to Close the Digital Divideto Close the Digital Divide To make physicists from all world regions full To make physicists from all world regions full

partners in their Experiments; and in the process partners in their Experiments; and in the process of scientific discovery of scientific discovery

This is essential for the health of our global This is essential for the health of our global experimental collaborations, our plans for future experimental collaborations, our plans for future projects, and our field.projects, and our field.

New Focus on AFRICA

Many Systemic Issues:

Lack of energy,infrastructure. Lack of expertise Problems of Disease Political unrest

PricingImport duties

& policies Corruption

M. Jensen

800M People, 1.4% with 800M People, 1.4% with Internet Access: More Internet Access: More

than an order of than an order of magnitude lower than in magnitude lower than in

Europe (35%) & North Europe (35%) & North America (70%)America (70%)

Africa Coverage

We now cover most (31) countries with many tertiary education centers (83% of the population)

Recently added monitoring site in So. Africa (TENET)

Satellites vs Terrestrial• Terrestrial links via SAT3 &

SEAMEWE (Mediterranean & Red Sea)

• Terrestrial not available to all within countries

Note: Satellite Links are a Boon to the Region, but typical unit bandwidth costs are 300-1000X more than Fiber.

There is a Continued Need for Fiber Infrastructure

SCIC in 2004-2005 http://cern.ch/icfa-scic

Three 2005 ReportsThree 2005 ReportsFocus on the Digital Divide Focus on the Digital Divide

Main Report: “Networking for HENP”Main Report: “Networking for HENP” [H. Newman et al.] [H. Newman et al.] Includes Updates on the Digital Divide, WorldIncludes Updates on the Digital Divide, World

Network Status; Brief updates on Monitoring Network Status; Brief updates on Monitoring and Advanced Technologies and Advanced Technologies

18 Appendices: A World Network Overview 18 Appendices: A World Network Overview Status and Plans for the Next Few Years of Nat’l & Status and Plans for the Next Few Years of Nat’l & Regional Networks, and Optical Network InitiativesRegional Networks, and Optical Network Initiatives

Monitoring Working Group ReportMonitoring Working Group Report [L. Cottrell] [L. Cottrell] Also See: Also See: SCIC 2003 Digital Divide ReportSCIC 2003 Digital Divide Report [A. Santoro et [A. Santoro et

al.]al.] TERENA (TERENA (www.terena.nlwww.terena.nl) 2004 Compendium) 2004 Compendium

on R&E Networks in Europeon R&E Networks in Europe

ICFA Report (2005) Update: ICFA Report (2005) Update: Main Trends Continue, Some AccelerateMain Trends Continue, Some Accelerate

Current generation of 2.5-10 Gbps network backbones and major Int’l Current generation of 2.5-10 Gbps network backbones and major Int’l links arrived in 2001-5 in US, Europe, Japan; Now links arrived in 2001-5 in US, Europe, Japan; Now Korea and China Korea and China

Growth: 4 to Hundreds of Times; Much Faster than Moore’s LawGrowth: 4 to Hundreds of Times; Much Faster than Moore’s Law Proliferation of 10G links across the Atlantic & Pacific; Begin use of Proliferation of 10G links across the Atlantic & Pacific; Begin use of

Multiple 10G Links (e.g. US-CERN) Along Major Paths by Fall 2005Multiple 10G Links (e.g. US-CERN) Along Major Paths by Fall 2005 Tech. Progress Driving Equipment Costs Lower Tech. Progress Driving Equipment Costs Lower

Commoditization of Gigabit and now 10-Gigabit EthernetCommoditization of Gigabit and now 10-Gigabit Ethernet More than Just Bandwidth is Needed:More than Just Bandwidth is Needed:

Grids Grids demand seamless networks, with reliable high performance demand seamless networks, with reliable high performance end-to-end, managed to enforce fair-sharing among “priority” tasks end-to-end, managed to enforce fair-sharing among “priority” tasks

Emergence of the “Hybrid” Network Model:Emergence of the “Hybrid” Network Model: UltraLight, GLIF UltraLight, GLIF Some regions (US, Canada, Europe; Brazil) moving to dark fiber Some regions (US, Canada, Europe; Brazil) moving to dark fiber