science 1986, vol 234 imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a...

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Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps you want to create an enzyme that detoxifies a drug in the bloodstream, destroys a virus, or targets tumor cells. These custom-made enzymes are becoming a reality with recent advances in the production of catalytic antibodies, also called "abzymes." Abzymas Anticuerpos Catalíticos

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Page 1: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Science 1986, vol 234

Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program.

Perhaps you want to create an enzyme that detoxifies a drug in the bloodstream, destroys a virus, or targets tumor cells.

These custom-made enzymes are becoming a reality with recent advances in the production of catalytic antibodies, also called "abzymes."

AbzymasAnticuerpos Catalíticos

Page 2: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Science 1986, vol 234

Against hapten analogs of the transition states for p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine

Against haptens analogs of the transition states for hydrolysis of carboxylic esters

Page 3: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Los anticuerpos se unen al antígeno sin alterar su naturaleza química, de forma extremadamente eficiente

Las enzimas se unen a las biomoléculas y catalizan su conversión a nuevos productos

AbzymasAnticuerpos Catalíticos

Page 4: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

AbzymasAnticuerpos Catalíticos

Page 5: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Las enzimas estabilizan el estado de transición de la reacción

Page 6: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

The active site is uniquely suited to substrate transition-state binding, and that a ground state substrate, on approaching the active site, “will be subjected to an environment that forces it into the transition state, thereby effecting catalysis”

Linus PaulingMolecular basis of biological specificity Chem Eng News 1946

The basic idea dates back to a paper by Linus Pauling in American Scientist in 1948, and was well stated by Jencks in 1969: "one way to synthesize an enzyme is to prepare an antibody to a haptenic group which resembles the transition state of a given reaction.  The combining sites of such antibodies should be complementary to the transition state and should cause an acceleration by forcing bound substrates to resemble the transition state." 

Page 7: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Anticuerpos dirigidos contra el estado de transición de la reacción,

catalizarán la reacción

AbzymasAnticuerpos Catalíticos

+

Page 8: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

AbzymasAnticuerpos Catalíticos

Generación de propiedades catalíticas en los anticuerpos

Uso de análogos de los reactivos en estado de transición como haptenos para generar la producción de anticuerpos.

Los anticuerpos se aislan del suero de los animales y se analizan para encontrar el que cataliza la reacción seleccionada.

Uso de modificaciones genéticas o químicas para cambiar la estructura de los anticuerpos ya existentes para introducir grupos catalíticos

Page 9: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps
Page 10: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Anticuerpos CatalíticosAplicaciones

Potencial aplicación en la industria farmacéutica.

Desintoxicación de cocaína.

Romper la molécula de cocaína en enlaces específicos, eliminado sus efectos tóxicos.

Tratamiento de pacientes adictos a cocaína para evitar los efectos letales de la sobredosis de cocaína.

Page 11: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Anticuerpos CatalíticosAplicaciones

Destrucción de células cancerígenas.

Las células cancerígenas contienen determinantes únicos en su superficie que no tienen las células normales, llamados antígenos de células tumorales.

Anticuerpos que se unen específicamente a los antígenos de las células tumorales, así los fármacos usados para tratar cáncer se pueden dirigir directamente al tumor.Anticuerpos con dos sitios de unión a antígeno diferentes. Uno contra el antígeno de las células tumorales y otro contra el profármaco.

Page 12: Science 1986, vol 234 Imagine being able to design a chemical reaction in much the same way that a computer programmer designs a software program. Perhaps

Anticuerpos CatalíticosAplicaciones

Los anticuerpos dirigidos contra antígeno tumoral se unen a las células tumorales, con enzimas conjugadas

La enzima une el profármaco

Cataliza la ruptura y la liberación del fármaco

El fármaco que ahora se localiza en el tumor actúa contra las células tumorales, en algunos casos promoviendo la lisis celular