Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: A

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Science 9 Environmental Chemistry Unit Test

Modified True/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. The three elements commonly found in fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

____ 2. DDT was first developed to combat the spread of malaria among Allied troops.

____ 3. Liming is the term given to the process of adding lime to the environment to decrease its pH.

____ 4. A material or form of energy that can cause harm to a living organism is known as a pollutant.

____ 5. If the label on a package of cheese states that the cheese contains 17% milk fat, this means that a 2 kg package of cheese contains 34 g of milk fat.

____ 6. The most useful chemical indicators of water quality are macroinvertebrates because they are sensitive to chemicals.

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 7. Nutrients are classified into two major groups,a. organic and inorganic. c. vitamins and minerals.b. lipids and enzymes. d. macrominerals and trace elements.

____ 8. The nutrients that act mainly as an energy source for metabolism in your body are thea. lipids. c. enzymes.b. proteins. d. carbohydrates.

____ 9. The nitrogen cycle includes the following three compounds:a. nitrates, nitrogen oxide, and ammonia. c. nitrates, ammonia, and nitric acid.b. nitrates, urea, and nitrogen oxide. d. nitrates, ammonia, and urea.

Imagine you are an agricultural scientist hired to determine the effects of fertilizer on wheat germination. You set up five containers each containing potting soil, water, and five wheat seeds. Then you add a different amount of fertilizer to each container and prepare the following data table:Container# Amount of fertilizer Observations: root and shoot growth (mm)

1 No fertilizer2 1 g3 5 g4 10 g5 15 g

____ 10. The manipulated variable(s) in the experiment described above is (are)a. the amount of water added.b. the amount of fertilizer added.c. the amount of root or shoot growth.d. Both A and B are manipulated variables.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 11. The mineral most crucial to red blood cells isa. iron. c. iodine.b. copper d. calcium.

____ 12. Weed, insect, and fungus pests can be controlled by applying specific pesticides called (in the correct order)a. DDT, dieldrin, and fungicides.b. herbicides, and insecticides.c. fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides.d. herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

The following diagram illustrates an ocean food web.

____ 13. How did the DDT likely enter the food web illustrated above?a. It occurs naturally.b. It was accidentally releases from factories.c. It was applied to control insects on land.d. It was accidentally sprayed on nearby wetlands.

____ 14. In the food web illustrated above, the numbers representa. the number of organisms at each stage in the food web.b. the amount of DDT in the environment at each stage of the food web.c. the amount of DDT in each organism’s tissues.d. The length of time DDT has been in the environment at each stage in the food web.

____ 15. In the food web illustrated above, how much greater is the concentration of DDT in the seabird than in the fish it eats?a. About 6.5 timesb. About 65 timesc. About 65% higherd. About 6.5% higher

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 16. The researcher who was chiefly responsible for identifying the serious consequences of pesticide use in the 1960s wasa. Rachel Carson.b. Paul Müller.c. David Suzuki.d. The World Health Organization.

____ 17. What does the graph above tell you about attempts to develop new pesticides?a. It will become more difficult as species become resistant.b. The likelihood that a species will become resistant depends on the amount of time

the chemical is used.c. It will be difficult to develop new pesticides as strong as those in use before 1960.d. Both A and B.

____ 18. One major difference between conventional farming practices and organic farming practices is that organic farmers can usea. any pesticide they choose.b. only pesticides derived from natural sources such as microbes, insects, or minerals.c. no pesticides at all.d. only special synthetic pesticides.

____ 19. During a study of remote western Canadian lakes, Dr. B. Asice was confused by his discovery that although the rain in his study area was acidic, the lake water was of normal pH. What could you tell him that would best explain this discrepancy?a. The lake bottom contains carbonate rock.b. The lake had been limed several years earlier.c. Acid rain does not affect large lakes due to dilution effects.d. Fresh water was continuing to run into the lake.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 20. An alteration of the environment is considered pollution ifa. it causes immediate harm to living things in that environment.b. the concentration of harmful chemicals is easy to detect.c. it produces a condition that is harmful to living things.d. the concentration of a pollutant exceeds its LD50.

____ 21. The distinction between a pollutant and pollution is thata. a pollutant alters the environment to produce harmful conditions, while pollution is a

harmful material.b. pollution is the alteration of the environment to produce harmful conditions, while a

pollutant is a harmful material.c. a pollutant causes physical or chemical changes, while pollution affects biological

mechanisms.d. pollution causes immediate harm to living organisms, while a pollutant takes longer

to act.

A factory releases arsenic into a river. The mayor of Endsville, a village downstream from the factory, hires you to test the water. Your findings are as follows:Sample Point Arsenic (ppb)Source 501 km downstream 5.02 km downstream 0.53 km downstream (Endsville) 0.05

____ 22. Based on the information in the table above, what happens to the arsenic in the river?a. The arsenic dissolves in the water.b. The arsenic is diluted by the water.c. The amount of arsenic decreases with the distance from the factory.d. The arsenic is absorbed by organisms in the river.

____ 23. Based on the information in the table above, how much more concentrated is the arsenic in the river at the factory than at Endsville?a. 1000 times more concentrated c. 10 000 times more concentratedb. 1000% more concentrated d. 10 000% more concentrated

____ 24. A 0.5 L water sample from the Flow River contains 50 mg of barium. Calculate the concentration of barium in ppm.a. 0.1 ppm c. 0.05 ppmb. 100 ppm d. 50 ppm

____ 25. A common measurement of toxicity isa. Lethal Dose 50. c. Lethal Danger 50.b. Living Duration 50. d. Lethal Duration 50.

____ 26. Caffeine has an LD50 for mice of 130 ppm. Which reason best explains why coffee and caffeinated soft drinks are not considered dangerous?a. Caffeine is only toxic to mice, not to humans.b. You would have to drink enormous amounts of caffeinated drinks to consume a dose

of caffeine equivalent to the LD50 for mice.c. Caffeine breaks down quickly in the body.d. Caffeine is popular, so a high toxicity is still an acceptable risk.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 27. Toxin name Source Approximate LD50s

(in ppm)

botulinum toxin A Clostridium botulinum bacterium

0.000 000 03

tetanus toxin A Clostridium tetani bacterium

0.000 005

dioxincontaminant in some herbicides and in PCBs 0.03

nicotine cigarette smoke 0.86strychnine pesticide 5.0solanine potatoes 6.0chlordane insecticide 40.0dieldren insecticide 80.0Using the above table as a reference, arrange the following chemicals into order from most to least toxic: dioxin, nicotine, botulinum toxin A, dieldren.a. Botulinum toxin A, nicotine, dioxin, dieldrenb. Botulinum toxin A, dioxin, nicotine, dieldrenc. Dieldren, nicotine, dioxin, botulinum toxin Ad. Dieldren, dioxin, nicotine, botulinum toxin A

____ 28. From the illustration above, you can infer thata. biodiversity increases as the concentration of dissolved O2 increases.b. biodiversity is not related to the concentration of dissolved O2.c. biodiversity decreases as the concentration of dissolved O2 increases.d. biodiversity is not an indicator of the concentration of dissolved O2.

____ 29. In the stream ecosystem illustrated above, which species would be considered a biological indicator?a. Trout and perch c. Caddis fly larvae and isopodsb. Catfish and leeches d. All insect larvae

____ 30. In the stream ecosystem illustrated above, what other factors besides the pollution source will affect the oxygen content of the water?a. Turbulence and temperature. c. Carbon dioxide and temperature.b. Turbulence and light exposure. d. Carbon dioxide and light exposure.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 31. In general, the organisms that are most useful as indicators of water quality area. algae. c. microinvertebrates.b. birds and fish. d. macroinvertebrates.

____ 32. All wastes entering the environment area. harmless if released only once. c. potentially harmful in any area.b. harmless if released only in one area. d. harmful only when spread over a large

area.____ 33. Some pollutants are difficult to break down and therefore accumulate in the environment. These are

termeda. non-persistent pollutants. c. chronic pollutants.b. persistent pollutants. d. chemical indicators.

The following diagram illustrates the neighbourhood of a river.

____ 34. In the illustration above, the farm is representative of aa. point source of pollution. c. persistent source of pollution.b. non-point source of pollution. d. non-persistent source of pollution.

____ 35. In which part of the river illustrated above would you expect to find the greatest biodiversity?a. Upstream of the town c. Between the factory and the farmb. Downstream of the farm d. Between the town and the factory

____ 36. Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of pollution?a. A drainpipe c. A smokestackb. A fertilized field d. The exhaust pipe on a truck driving

across the province____ 37. The largest contributor to modern air pollution in Canada is

a. human activities. c. forest fires.b. volcanoes. d. grass fires.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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The following is a map showing wind currents and air pollution.

____ 38. This map above indicates that the problem of air pollution isa. local ⎯ near industrial sites.b. regional ⎯ in areas of industry.c. national ⎯ in industrialized countries.d. global.

____ 39. Waste water from washing clothes or fertilizing lawns must be treated toa. remove nitrogen and phosphorous.b. remove organic material.c. destroy disease-causing organisms.d. all of the above.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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The following diagram illustrates the sewage treatment process.

____ 40. What is the purpose of the disinfection tank in the process illustrated above?a. To remove nitrogen and phosphorous.b. To remove heavy metals.c. To destroy disease-carrying organisms. d. To destroy leftover sediments.

____ 41. An area of porous rock below ground level which can hold useful amounts of water is calleda. a ground water well.b. an aquifer.c. an injection well.d. a recharge zone.

____ 42. Patty believes that any biodegradable product is better than a non-biodegradable product. What is she not considering?a. The time the product may take to degrade.b. The conditions needed to degrade the product.c. The by-products that result when the product degrades.d. All of the above.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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The following diagram illustrates a waste management system.

____ 43. The waste management system shown in the diagram above is called aa. secure landfill.b. sanitary landfill.c. composting landfill.d. compacted landfill.

____ 44. One common way of disposing of hazardous materials is to incinerate them at very high temperatures (1200 °C). What must be done to ensure that the problem of hazardous waste is not simply traded for the problem of air pollution?a. Exhaust gases must be scrubbed.b. Hazardous waste should be buried rather than incinerated.c. The wastes should be incinerated at lower temperatures.d. Hazardous waste should be re-used or recycled.

____ 45. The use of living organisms to help clean up areas of pollution is known asa. bioaccumulation.b. bioreaction.c. bioremediation.d. biodegradation.

____ 46. Plants are useful in managing pollution because theya. absorb, concentrate, and store pollutants.b. use pollutants as an energy source.c. transport air pollutants into the soil.d. move soil pollutants to the air.

____ 47. Chemicals that have a bitter taste or slippery feel are usuallya. acids.b. bases.c. catalysts.d. enzymes.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 48. The best way to determine if a substance is an acid or a base is to use a(n)a. taste test.b. acid-base indicator.c. pH scale.d. acid-base neutralizer.

The following diagram shows the population in relation to the pH of water.

____ 49. Which of the following best explains the survival pattern of amphibians shown in the graph above?a. Their food source has died off.b. The lake has become neutralized.c. Amphibians are only tolerant of acid to a certain point.d. Acids concentrate in the tissues of predators more than in their prey.

____ 50. A chemical causing symptoms after only one exposure is said to havea. acute toxicity.b. chronic toxicity.c. symptomatic toxicity.d. an LD50 of 1.

ID: A

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Science 9 Environmental Chemistry Unit TestAnswer Section

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: averageOBJ: fertilizer TOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma

2. ANS: F, typhus

PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: DDT TOP: A Growing Concern 3. ANS: F, increase

PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: pH TOP: How Do You Spell Relief?

4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: easyOBJ: pollutants TOP: How Much Is Too Much?

5. ANS: F, 340 g

PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: concentrations TOP: How Much Is Too Much?

6. ANS: F, biological

PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: indicators TOP: Getting Away From It All?

MULTIPLE CHOICE

7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: nutrientsTOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma

8. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: nutrientsTOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma

9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: fertilizerTOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma

10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: scientific methodTOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma

11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: nutrientsTOP: A Hair-raising Dilemma

12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: pesticidesTOP: A Growing Concern

13. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: biomagnificationTOP: A Growing Concern

14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: DDTTOP: A Growing Concern

15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: biomagnificationTOP: A Growing Concern

ID: A

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16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: contributions to scienceTOP: A Growing Concern

17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: pesticidesTOP: A Growing Concern

18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: organic agricultureTOP: A Growing Concern

19. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: acid effectsTOP: How Do You Spell Relief?

20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: pollutionTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: pollutionTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: concentrationsTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: concentrationsTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: concentrationsTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: lethal doseTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: toxicityTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

27. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: toxicityTOP: How Much Is Too Much?

28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: indicatorsTOP: Getting Away From It All?

29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: indicatorsTOP: Getting Away From It All?

30. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: water qualityTOP: Getting Away From It All?

31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: indicatorsTOP: Getting Away From It All?

32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: monitoring the environment TOP: Getting Away From It All?

33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: monitoring the environment TOP: Getting Away From It All?

34. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: monitoring the environment TOP: Getting Away From It All?

35. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: monitoring the environment TOP: Getting Away From It All?

36. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: pollution sourcesTOP: Getting Away From It All?

37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: pollutionTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

38. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: pollutionTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

ID: A

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39. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: pollutionTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

40. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: sewage treatmentTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

41. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: ground waterTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

42. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: biodegradationTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: landfillsTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

44. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: hazardous wasteTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

45. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: average OBJ: bioremediationTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

46. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: bioremediationTOP: N.I.M.B.Y. - There Is No Away In Throwing

47. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: acids and basesTOP: How Do You Spell Relief?

48. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: acids and basesTOP: How Do You Spell Relief?

49. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: difficult OBJ: acid effectsTOP: How Do You Spell Relief?

50. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: easy OBJ: toxicityTOP: How Much Is Too Much?