Science and Technology

Autor: Mgr. Kateřina Kozlová

Předmět

Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMůCZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488

112. června 2013

X-ray Read the text and guess the missing information

The first X-ray photograph was taken by a …….. scientist, Wilhelm Kondrad Röntgen, in 1896. It was his wife´s ……….

X-rays were discoverd by accident, while Röntgen was experimenting with ………. Soon after, he built the first X-ray machine. Immediately, hospital operations were made much safer. For the first time, doctors could see inside people´s bodies before they cut them open. In 1901, Röntgen was awarded the very first Nobel Prize in ………. His invention is still used every day by ……….. and …………., and is called the ´window into the human body´. One of the newest methods in medicine used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is ……………………… - a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken in different directions which can be combined into a three-dimensional image of the inside of the body.

Since the introduction of computer imaging in the 19...0s, X-ray machines have been used for other things, too. At airports, ……………………………. Also, lost works of art have been discovered underneath other paintings. In factories, many faults in new products are found evry day, using X-rays. There is no doubt that new uses for X-rays will be developed in the future.

212. června 2013

X-ray The first X-ray photograph was taken by a German scientist, Wilhelm Kondrad Röntgen, in 1896. It was his wife´s hand.X-rays were discoverd by accident, while Röntgen was experimenting with electricity. Soon after, he built the first X-ray machine. Immediately, hospital operations were made much safer. For the first time, doctors could see inside people´s bodies before they cut them open. In 1901, Röntgen was awarded the very first Nobel Prize in Physics. His invention is still used every day by doctors and dentists, and is called the ´window into the human body´. One of the newest methods in medicine used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is CT scanning (Computed thomopgraphy) - a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken in different directions which can be combined into a three-dimensional image of the inside of the body. Since the introduction of computer imaging in the 1970s, X-ray machines have been used for other things, too. At airports, many criminals have been caught with illegal items in their luggage. Also, lost works of art have been discovered underneath other paintings. In factories, many faults in new products are found evry day, using X-rays. There is no doubt that new uses for X-rays will be developed in the future.

312. června 2013

Paper Read the text and guess the missing information

Long ago, before paper, people wrote on ……, …… and …… . Then in 2700 BC, the …… started to make papyrus, paper-like material produced from the Cyperus papyrus plant. But the first real paper was invented in the …… century AD by a Chinese government official, Ts´ai Lun. It was made from a mixture of plants and cloth. The Chinese had kept their invention secret for centuries.Finally, in the …… century, paper was brought to Europe by the …… . The first European paper mill was built in Spain in 1150. Since the 18th century, most paper has been made out of …… (the most common material is cellulose pulp derived from ……), because it is much stronger than cloth.Nowadays, each person uses about …… kg of paper every year. Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in …… .

412. června 2013

PaperLong ago, before paper, people wrote on animal skins, bones and stones. Then in 2700 BC, the Egyptians started to make papyrus, paper-like material produced from the Cyperus papyrus plant. But the first real paper was invented in the 2nd century AD by a Chinese government official, Ts´ai Lun. It was made from a mixture of plants and cloth. The Chinese had kept their invention secret for centuries.Finally, in the 10th century, paper was brought to Europe by the Arabs. The first European paper mill was built in Spain in 1150. Since the 18th century, most paper has been made out of wood (the most common material is cellulose pulp derived from wood), because it is much stronger than cloth.Nowadays, each person uses about 300 kg of paper every year. Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation.

512. června 2013

DNA Read the text and guess the missing information

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered by a …… scientist, Friedrich Miescher, in 1869, but nobody realized its importance then. Other scientists thought that it was too simple to contain the map of how we are made. In ……, a group of British scientists at Cambridge University finally discoverd the structure of DNA and how it worked. They were given the Nobel Prize for …… in 1962. Gradually, scientists learned to read more and more of the information in DNA. In 1986, for the first time DNA testing was used by the …… . Some DNA is usually left by a criminal at the crime scene. This can be matched with DNA from a suspect. The test shows if the suspect is guilty. In 1990 the Human Genome Project was begun. Scientists wanted to make a map of the 3 billion chemical letters in human DNA. Over …… scientists all over the world worked on the project, and it took …… years. With this information, it is possible that a cure for many diseases will be found in the future. But it also brings with it many questions. Do we want to be able to choose what our babies will look like, or pick the best person for a job with DNA tests?

612. června 2013

DNADNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered by a German scientist, Friedrich Miescher, in 1869, but nobody realized its importance then. Other scientists thought that it was too simple to contain the map of how we are made. In 1953, a group of British scientists at Cambridge University finally discoverd the structure of DNA and how it worked. They were given the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1962. Gradually, scientists learned to read more and more of the information in DNA. In 1986, for the first time DNA testing was used by the police. Some DNA is usually left by a criminal at the crime spot. This can be matched with DNA from a suspect. The test shows if the suspect is guilty. In 1990 the Human Genome Project was begun. Scientists wanted to make a map of the 3 billion chemical letters in human DNA. Over 1,000 scientists all over the world worked on the project, and it took 10 years. With this information, it is possible that a cure for many diseases will be found in the future. But it also brings with it many questions. Do we want to be able to choose what our babies will look like, or pick the best person for a job with DNA tests? 712. června 2013

Technologies using DNA:- Genetic engineering – the genetically modified organisms are

produced and used in agriculture - Forensics – the police gather ´genetic fingerprints´ at a crime

scene to identify criminals- Bioinformatics - the Human Genome Project - DNA nanotechnology- History and anthropology

812. června 2013

Google Read the text and guess the missing information

Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry …… and Sergey …… . Them met in 1995, when they were both studying computer science at Stanford University, USA. They were also both fans of the science fiction TV programme …… , and they loved the spaceship computer. They dreamed of producing something that could also answer any question in seconds.Internet search engines at the time were slow and gave many websites that weren´t useful. In January ……, L. …… and S. …… decided to make a better and faster search engine. They thought the result should be based on the popularity of each website – the most popular ones have the highest number of ´weblinks´.Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their credit cards and bought as much computer memory as possible. They also borrowed money from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque for $...... , and they started their own company. The first office was in a friend´s……. . The company name Google comes from ……………….The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and accurate. By …… it was the biggest search engine on the Internet.

912. června 2013

GoogleGoogle is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Them met in 1995, when they were both studying computer science at Stanford University, USA. They were also both fans of the science fiction TV programme Star Trek, and they loved tha spaceship computer. They dreamed of producing something that could also answer any question in seconds.Internet search engines at the time were slow and gave many websites that weren´t useful. In January 1996, Page and Brin decided to make a better and faster search engine. They thought the result should be based on the popularity of each website – the most popular ones have the highest number of ´weblinks´.Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their credit cards and bought as much computer memory as possible. They also borrowed money from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque for $ 100,000, and they started their own company. The first office was in a friend´s garage. The company name Google comes from mathematics. A ´google´is a very hight number – 1 followed by a hundred zeros.The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and accurate. By 2002 it was the biggest search engine on the Internet.

1012. června 2013

Match the year, the scientist and the invention

1436167617521867187618791879190119081989

Anton van LeeuwenhoekWilliam HooverHenry FordAlfred NobelJohannes GutenbergKarl von LindeThomas EdisonTim Berners-LeeBenjamin FranklinAlexander Graham Bell

1st domestic refrigeratorthe World Wide Webthe electric light bulbthe microscopethe telephonedynamite´Model T´carthe lightning conductorthe vacuum cleanerthe printing press

1112. června 2013

KEY Match the year, the scientist and the invention

1436167617521867187618791879190119081989

Johannes Gutenberg Anton van LeeuwenhoekBenjamin FranklinAlfred NobelAlexander Graham BellThomas EdisonKarl von LindeWilliam HooverHenry FordTim Berners-Lee

the printing pressthe microscopethe lightning conductordynamitethe telephonethe electric light bulb1st domestic refrigeratorthe vacuum cleaner´Model T´carthe World Wide Web

1212. června 2013

Cross the odd one out. Give an explanation.

• orbit - Gagarin - pulp - space suit• camera - celluloid - steam - Lumiere• Daimler - cylinder - engine - radiation• gunpowder - nucleus - split - Little Boy• mould - bacteria - antibiotics - Röntgen• Baird - Marconi - transmit - lenses• slash - at - underscore - comma

1312. června 2013

KEY Cross the odd one out. Give an explanation.

• orbit - Gagarin (1961) - pulp (paper) - space suit (space flights)• camera - celluloid - steam (James Watt;1765; steam engine) - Lumiere

(movie; 1895)• Daimler (1889; car with two-cylinder petrol engine) - cylinder - engine -

radiation (1898; Marie Sklodowska-Curie)• gunpowder (Roger Bacon; 1242) - nucleus - split - Little Boy (atomic

bomb; 1932; 1945)• mould - bacteria - antibiotics (1928; A.Fleming; penicillin) - Röntgen

(1896; X-ray)• Baird (Scottish; founder of modern TV) - Marconi (wireless transmission) -

transmit - lenses (contact lences; Otto Wichterle, 1955)• slash - at - underscore (web pages, e-mail addresses) - comma

1412. června 2013

Topics to discussion

• Famous Czech inventors (apart from Jára Cimrman)• Compare the life in the past and in the present, make

speculations about the life in the future• Inventions and technology that you use every day (at school,

at work, at home)• Advantages that science and technology brought to people

(medicine, transport, environment, banking, media, history…)• Disadvantages of science and technology (cloning,

agriculture, GM products, civilization diseases, communication…)

• Misuse of science and technology (weapons, pollution, animal testing, organ trafficking/trade,…)

1512. června 2013

16

Použité zdroje• SOARS, John and Liz. New Headway Pre-Intermediate. Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-471683-3.

Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou autora.

12. června 2013