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7/29/2019 Science Bab3

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3.2 THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Uncontrolled use of fossil fuels (e.g: diesel and coal)

As a result, they produce a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon

monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2). All of them are acidic gases.

These gases dissolve in rain, to form acid rain, which is very

corrosive.


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Uncontrolled use of pesticides, fungicides, and fertilizers in

agriculture

Some of pesticides and fungicides sprayed onto the crops

escape into the air incidentally and pollute it.

Excess pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers which dissolve in

water below the ground

finally flow into the natural water resource nearby like pond,

lake or river. As result,the water will be polluted.


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Emission of toxic gases, smoke and noise from motor vehicles

Toxic gases such carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide

(SO2), and smoke comes from motor vehicles will pollute the

air in big cities.

Besides, the continuous noise comes from motor vehicles in

the big cities can be very irritating.


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Improper disposal of industrial waste

Industrial wastes such as acids, alkalis, mercury and lead are

indiscriminately disposed into the environment. Even the radioactive

wastes are not being disposed in a safe and proper way.

Improper disposal of rubbish Some of plastics are non-biodegradable. That means, it cannot be

decomposed by bacteria. As a result, they stays in the environment for

hundred of years.

Food swills and human sewage which are not properly managed can

pollute the water and land.


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Extensive use of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)

CFC is the main pollutant which destroys the

ozone in the atmosphere. It is extensively

used as a cooling agent in refrigerators and air

conditioners.


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1. Risk to Humans HealthPOLLUTANT HARMFUL EFFECT

a) Lead (Pb) Cause high blood pressure and nervous

disorders

b) Mercury(Hg) Destroys the nervous system

Cause deformity in fetus

Leading to Minamata diseases

c) Chromium (Cr) Cause adverse effects if it accumulate too

much in kidneys,brain, liver and bones.

d) Carbon

monoxide (CO)

Depriving oxygen from our body

e) Sulphur

dioxide (SO2)

Irritate and corrode humans respiratory

system

Cause coughs, asthma and bronchitis

f) Nitrogen

dioxide (NO2)

Irritate and corrode humans respiratory

system

Cause coughs, asthma and bronchitis

g) Smoke Cause lung cancer


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h) Sewage Cause water borne disease such as

typhoid, cholera and

dysentery

i) Radioactive

waste

Cause sterility

Cause deformity in fetusCause cancer, even worse death

j) Noise Lead to the total deafness and

nervous disorders


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2. Destruction of Habitats and Nature

POLLUTANT HARMFUL EFFECTSa) Acid Rain Corrodes the mineral in the soil,making the soil is unsuitable habitatfor plants.Cause the roots of plants tobe unable to absorb water.b) Oil Spills Pollute the natural water resourceslike sea, river and lake.When oil spillsis washed to the shore, it makes thecoast line as uninhabitable place formarine organisms.Clearing of forests for housing, heavy industries and etc

deprive plants, animals and indigenous people from their

habitat.


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3. Extinction of

Species

a)Destruction of their habitat by minning, logging,clearing of forest for housing, heavy industries

b)Pollution of natural water resourcesby oil spills and toxic subtances spillsc)Illegal hunting


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4.Loss of Economic ResourcesThis matter comes from many reasons, like:

a) Destruction of forests by :

i) acid rain

ii) natural disasters (e.g: forest fires, typhoon, earth quake)

b) Pollution of soil by :

i) improper disposal of industrial wasteii) extensive use of pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers

c) Soot/smoke settling (comes from thick haze) on the leaves of the

green plants prevent them to receive sunlight for photosynthesis

process.

d) Pollution of natural water resources by :

i) Oil spills

ii) Toxic substance spills


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1. Controlling the Useof Fossils Fuel

a) Use unleadedpetrol

b) Use alternativesources (hybrid, solar,

electric and etc)


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2. Controlling theAmount of IndustrialWaste

a) Build very high chimneyand use electrostatic filterinside it

b) Radioactive waste shouldbe stored in lead and

concrete container before itis dispose on the sea floor

or desert.


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4. Controlling Emission from

Vehicles and Machinerya) Use

unleaded

petrol

b)Use

catalytic

converter

d) Use publictransport

c) Install a

silencer at

exhaust system


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3. Controlling Use of Pesticides

and fertillizers in Agriculture

a) Practice biological control

b) Practice rotation of cropsc) Use organic fertilizer such as compost


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5. Controlling Garbage Disposal

a) Reuse materialsb) Recycle glass,

plastics and paper

c) Set up rubbish

traps along a river


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6. Stopping the Use of

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

2. ReplaceCFC with

HFC

1. Reducethe usage

of CFC


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