SCIENCE BAND 6

NAME:POORMILLAHCLASS:2TTEACHER NAME:PN.HIDAYUTOPIC:NUTRITION

CONTENTS

1}LIVING THINGS NEED FOOD TO SURVIVE 2}CLASSES OF FOOD i]CARBOHYDRATES v]MINERALS ii]PROTEINS vi]FIBRE iii]FATS vii]WATER iv]VITAMINS

LIVING THINGS NEED FOOD TO SURVIVE Our depends on food for energy to do work and stay healthy. We also need food to grow. Foods can be divided into seven classes. Carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,and minerals are also called

nutrients because they contain useful substances required by our body. The process of obtaining and using nutrients from food is called nutrition.

CLASSES OF FOOD

CLAS

SES

OF

FOO

D

CARBOHYDRATES

FATS

MINERALS

WATER

PROTEINS

VITAMINS

FIBRE

CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates is made of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. There are three types of carbohydrtes,sterch,sugar and cellulose. Carbohydrate are present in various forms,such as:• Starch,which is stored in plants.(Breads,Potatoes)• Sugars,which are sweet and soluble in water.• Cellulose,which is found in plant cells walls and cannot be digested. (VEGETABLES&FRUITS)• GLYCOGEN,WHICH IS FOUND IN LIVER AND MUSCLES. FOOD RICH IN CARBOHYDRATE INCLUDE RICE,POTATO,SUGAR,BREAD AND BANANA. CARBOHYDRATE IS OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY.CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLIES US WITH ENRGY TO CARRY OUT DAILY ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WALKING BATHING AND OTHERS.

PROTEIN Protein is made up of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen. Sometimes protein can also contain phosphorus and sulphur. Food rich in protein includes in fish,milk,meat,egg white,and nuts (GROUNDNUTS AND SOYA BEAN) Proteins are required for building new cells for growth,to replaced and damaged tissue. Growing children require a lot of protein.Lack of protein will cause a disease know as kwashiorkor(STUNTED GROWTH)

FATS Fat is made up for carbon,hydrogen,oxygen but the ratio is the different form that of carbohydrate. Food rich in fats includes palm oil,butter and egg yolk. Fat produces twice the amount of energy compared with carbohydrate of the same weight. The function of weight include: Supplying energy. As and insulator of heat to reduce heat loss from the body. Protecting the internal organs such as the kidneys and th heart. Dissolving some vitamins in the body like vitamin A,D,E and K.

VITAMINS Vitamins are required in small quantities only. Vitamins are classified into two groups:o Vitamins soluble in water-Vitamin B&C.o Vitamins soluble in fat-Vitamin A,D,E & K. Vitamins protect the body from various types of diseases and maintains the health of the body.

MINERALS Minerals are simple chemicals usually found in the body. Our bodies need more calcium and phosphorus than the minerals.(BECAUSE THEY HELP TO FORM STRONG BONES AND TEETH) Minerals are needed for good health.

FIBRE FIBRE IS MADE UP OF CELLULOSE WHICH CANNOT BE DIGESTED BY THE BODY. A SHORTAGE OF FIBRE IN OUR DAILY DIET CAN CAUSE CONSTIPATION AND SOMETIMES EVEN BOWL CANCER. Vegetables,fruits,beans,lentils and brown bread are example of food rich in fibre.

WATER Approximetaly 65% to 70% of a person’s body weight is made up of

water. The body obtains water when we drink water and also when we

consume fruits and vegetables. Water is needed by the body for: Helping in the digestion of the food. Transporting digested food substances. Transporting excreatory products such as urea. Maintaining the concentration of the blood. Maintaining the body temperature. All metabolic processes.

IMAGES FOR CLASSES OF FOOD

QUESTIONS {1 QUES ONLY 3 PERSON CAN ANS}

1)Carbohydrates is made up of ? 2)Protein is made up of? 3)Fat is made up of?4)Give all the types of vitamins?5)Give three examples of minerals?6)Give three examples of food rich in fibre?7)What is the weight of the person’s body made up of water?

ANSWERS1) (CARBON,HYDROGEN,OXYGEN)2) (CARBON,HYDROGEN,OXYGEN,NITROGEN)3) (CARBON.HYDROGEN,OXYGEN)4) (A,B,C,D,E,K)5) (CALCIUM,IODINE,IRON,SODIUM, POTASIUM, PHOSPHORUS,FLUORINE)6) (VEGETABLES,FRUITS, LENTILS,BROWN BREAD)7) (65-70)%