1

MARKER CODE

Student Personal Identification Number (SPIN)

TONGA GOVERNMENT

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

TONGA SCHOOL CERTIFICATE 2014

SCIENCE

Time Allowed: 3 Hours

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE

EXAMINATION.

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET

INSTRUCTIONS 1. This Examination Paper consists of TWO Sections. Answer ALL QUESTIONS.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions 30 Marks Section B: Short Answers 120 Marks TOTAL 150 Marks

2. Write the answer to the Multiple Choice Questions in the answer sheet at the back of this Booklet.

This is a list of formulae that maybe used:

F=ma V = λf W = Fd f =1

V= IR Ek = 12

150

TOTAL MARKS

mv

P = W/t V =

2 RT = R1 + R2

1=1

1 +

1

2

2 SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS: READ these instructions carefully.

• USE THE MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER FORM. • The MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER FORM is at the back cover of this

booklet. • Each of the multiple questions is followed by the four suggested answers:

A, B, C and D. • READ each question carefully and decide which ONE answer you think is

BEST. • Use only capital letters for your choice: A, B, C or D.

• Write your choice in black or blue pen. If you wish to change any answer, cross it out and write your new choice next to it. B C

D. Aluminium. C. Calcium. B. Magnesium. A. Sodium.

The electron configuration 2, 8, 2 belongs to:

Here is an example:

• Write your candidate number on the space provided on the back cover. • Each Questions 1-12 is worth one mark, Questions 13 – 18 are worth

2 marks while Questions 19 – 20 are worth 3 marks. • Attempt ALL questions.

3 QUESTION 1:

An electric circuit is _______________________________________________________.

A. a closed path where electrons flow from a current or voltage source B. an open path where electrons flow from a source of electricity C. accomplishing work by routing the flow of electrons in electricity D. composed of arbitrary components allowing electrons to flow

QUESTION 2:

The process whereby animals break down sugar releasing carbon dioxide is _______________.

A. photosynthesis B. decomposition C. respiration D. exercising

QUESTION 3:

A gamete contains ______ of the genetic materials needed to form a complete organism.

A. half B. twice C. one D. four

QUESTION 4:

Two drops of potassium iodide were dropped on a piece of cooked corn, it turned blue black. This is a positive __________ test.

A. starch B. glucose C. fats D. protein

QUESTION 5:

Kinetic energy is the energy of _______________.

A. height B. chemical C. electricity D. motion

4 QUESTION 6:

Non - metals are generally non lustrous and dull except for carbon and ___________.

A. sulfur B. iodine C. chlorine D. nitrogen

QUESTION 7:

The electron configuration for K+ is:

A. 18 B. 19 C. 20 D. 21

QUESTION 8:

Figure 1:

The name of the alkane compound in Figure 1 is ____________________.

A. Propane B. Heptane C. Hexane D. Pentane

QUESTION 9:

Which ONE of the following is not a chemical property of metals?

A. Have a tendency to lose electrons. B. Conducts electricity and heat. C. Displaces hydrogen from acids. D. Reacts with oxygen to form oxides.

5 QUESTION 10:

The structure of methanol is:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Use Figure 2 to answer QUESTIONS11 and 12.

Figure 2: MITOSIS

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6

5

4

3

2

1

QUESTION 11:

The Metaphase of Mitosis is represented by which number?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

6 QUESTION 12:

The statement which best describes Telophase in Mitosis.

A. Microtubules disappear and cell division begins. B. Separated chromosomes are pulled apart. C. Chromosomes align at the middle. D. The chromosomes double to 92.

QUESTION 13:

A lot of tourist who comes to Tonga enjoys snorkeling in the coral reefs and close to the shore. This is an example of what value of your studied ecosystem?

A. Psychological B. Aesthetic C. Ecological D. Biological

QUESTION 14:

Which ONE of the following is not an example of frictional force?

A. Pulling a chair toward you. B. Running around the field. C. Sitting still on a chair. D. An aeroplane flying.

QUESTION 15:

Meiosis occurs in which of the following part of the body? The _____________________.

A. arm of a student B. eyes of a parent C. uterus of a woman D. liver of a boy

QUESTION 16:

Which ONE of the following is one of the best ways to look after the shore or reef?

A. Take out when we go fishing all or most of the sea shells. B. Cut down “fau” and bury them in the sea every week. C. Dump all the unwanted oil and plastic onto the sea. D. Leave rocks and animals exactly as you found them.

7 QUESTION 17:

Which ONE of the following statements is correct about the relationship between the current and the magnetic force of two parallel wires which has current going through each one in the same direction?

A. The forces between the two wires repel. B. The forces between the two wires attract. C. Direction of force can be found using left hand rule. D. Direction of force cannot be determined at all.

QUESTION 18:

The monomer used in the polymerization of polyethylene is _____________.

A. ethane B. propene C. ethene D. propane

QUESTION 19: Figure 3.

Source: The Steller Sea Lion, two discreet stocks?

According to Figure 3 the population of sea lions will be least affected if these prey species will disappear.

A. Dogfish, Pollock and Herring B. Lingcod, Skate and Sand Lance C. Other Fish, Herring and Hoko D. Salmon, Squid and Eulachon

8 QUESTION 20:

Figure 4

Source:

• Oregon Public Health Epi User System (ORPHEUS). Portland State University (PSU), Population Research Center.

According to Figure 4 the most common outbreak of communicable diseases in the Benton County, 2001 – 2011 is:

A. Norovirus B. Scabies C. E.coli D. Pertussis

9 SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 120 MARKS

This Section contains Eight Compulsory Questions. Attempt ALL questions.

QUESTION 21: WAVES & HEALTH AND DISEASES 15 MARKS

PART A: WAVES 3 MARKS

PART B: HEALTH & DISEASES 12 MARKS

QUESTION 22: NON METALS & ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 15 MARKS

PART A: NON- METALS 11 MARKS

PART B: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4 MARKS

QUESTION 23: MARINE ECOSYSTEM & ELECTRICAL ENERGY 15 MARKS

PART A: MARINE ECOSYSTEM 8 MARKS

PART B: ELECTRICAL ENERGY 7 MARKS

QUESTION 24: GENETICS & METALS AND COMPOUNDS 15 MARKS

PART A: GENETICS 9 MARKS

PART B: METALS AND COMPOUNDS 6 MARKS

QUESTION 25:FORCE & ENERGY & ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 15 MARKS

PART A: FORCE & ENERGY 10 MARKS

PART B: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 5 MARKS

QUESTION 26: METALS AND COMPOUNDS & WAVES 15 MARKS

PART A: METALS AND COMPOUNDS 6 MARKS

PART B: WAVES 9 MARKS

QUESTION 27: METALS AND COMPOUNDS & FORCES & ENERGY 15 MARKS

PART A: METALS AND COMPOUNDS 7 MARKS

PART B: FORCE AND ENERGY 8 MARKS

QUESTION 28: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM & NON - METALS 15 MARKS

PART A: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 11 MARKS

PART B: NON-METALS 4 MARKS

10 QUESTION 21: WAVES AND HEALTH & DISEASES. (15 MARKS)

PART A: WAVES (3 Marks)

Taniela was watching a TV show on wars in outer space which include a few explosions and gun shooting. a. State what Taniela should hear.

_______________________________________________ (1 mark)

b. Explain why Taniela is hearing or not hearing that sound. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

PART B: HEALTH & DISEASES (12 Marks)

Figure 5.Virus structure 1 ______________________ 2 ______________________ 3_______________________ 4 ___________________

a. On the spaces given besides the arrows, write the label of the structure of the

virus. (4 marks)

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11 b. Use the information in Table A to answer the following questions.

TableA: Prevalence of Behavioural Risk Factors for Non-CommunicableDiseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

Crude Point Estimates for Population Aged 25-64 PICTS Latest Daily tobacco use Current alcohol use Low fruit & vegetables Low physical activity Obesity Year M F Tot M F Tot M F Total M F Tot M F TotAmerican Samoa 2004 38.1 21.6 29.9 72.7 41.3 63.5 87.9 85.6 86.7 58.6 66.0 62.2 69.3 80.2 74.6CNMI n/a .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Cook Islands 2003* 37.5 28.8 33.3 74.4 50.6 62.9 86.0 83.3 84.7 71.5 76.3 73.9 57.4 65.7 61.4Fiji 2002 27.6 5.9 15.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.6 37.1 29.6 FSM Pohnpei 2002 34.8 16.1

25.5 47.5 9.9 28.7 81.3 82.4 81.8 55.7 73.5 64.3 30.0 55.8 42.6

Kiribati 2006 74.0 45.4 59.0 46.9 6.1 25.5 99.2 99.4 99.3 41.8 57.3 50.1 41.7 58.9 50.6Marshall Islands 2002 35.3 5.4 20.8 .. .. .. 91.7 90.5 91.1 45.3 55.2 50.0 37.9 52.2 ..Nauru 2004 45.4 53.2 49.5 .. .. .. 98.3 95.9 97.0 47.1 57.1 52.3 72.3 77.2 . PNG 2007* 59.9 26.6 43.7 12.8 1.6 7.1 99.1 98.6 98.9 9.0 10.9 9.9 5.1 8.7 6.8Samoa 2002* 49.4 18.0 34.6 79.9 47.6 75.2 44.4 42.1 43.3 37.6 64.4 50.3 45.4 66.3 54.8Solomon Islands 2006 43.9 16.9 30.6 51.5 14.9 33.5 93.3 93.9 93.6 36.5 47.4 41.9 25.8 40.4 32.8Tokelau 2005 44.5 48.9 46.9 .. .. .. 93.4 89.2 .. 26.7 57.3 .. 71.0 77.5 74.7Tonga 2004* 41.6 12.9 27.0 .. .. .. 70.5 68.4 69.4 35.0 49.6 42.4 61.3 76.8 69.1 Wallis & Futuna 2009* 61.9 26.4 43.3 75.5 34.0 53.8 88.8 82.8 85.7 25.0 47.1 36.5 57.4 73.9 66.1

Note: figure not available * provisional Source: PICT NCD Risk Factor STEPS reports, 2005-2010

1) From Table A, in 2004 which country has: (i) the lowest total (tot) percentage of risk factor and the (ii)risk factor is?

(i): ____________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) : _______________________________ (1 mark)

2) Discuss how tobacco use affects the cardio vascular system.

i. _____________________________________________________________________

ii. _____________________________________________________________________

iii. _____________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

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12 3) i. The Country with the lowest tot percentage of population aged 25-64

years with low physical activity is ______________________. (1 mark)

ii. Explain why this is very good for their health in terms of cardiovascular system.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

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13 QUESTION22: NON-METALS and ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (15 MARKS) PART A: NON - METALS (11 Marks) Figure 6 i)

ii)

a) Figure 6 consists of the structures of graphite and diamond. Label each of the structures correctly.

i) _____________________________ (1 mark)

ii) _____________________________ (1 mark)

iii) Explain why graphite can conduct electricity while diamond cannot.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks) b) Sulfur is non - metal and at room temperature it is a yellow powder. Its 3

allotropes are rhombic, plastic and monoclinic sulfur.

Draw the structures of:

i) rhombic sulfur.

(1 mark)

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ii) monoclinic sulfur.

(1 mark)

Figure 7 is a Midwest Power plant that releases Sulfur into the air through burning coal to produce electricity.

Figure 7

Sulfur is in the gas form as it reacts with the air. The toxic gas produced is dangerous to the communities that are close to these power plants. The sulfur gas comes down from the air in the form of toxic liquid of sulfuric acid.

c) Complete the following chemical equations beginning with sulfur and then eventually forming sulfuric acid which is toxic to communities close to the Power plant.

i) S + (2 marks)

A: B:

ii) + (2 marks) B: C: D: iii) + H2SO4 (1 mark)

D: E:

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15 PART B: ORCANIC CHEMISTRY (4 Marks)

Alkenes are hydrocarbon compounds which obey a general formula rule.

a) Write the general formula of Alkene.

______________________________ (1 mark)

b) i) Explain how carbon 3 alkene or propene is formed.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

ii) Draw the structural formula of propene.

(1 mark)

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16 QUESTION23: MARINE ECOSYSTEM & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (15 MARKS)

PART A: MARINE ECOSYSTEM (8 Marks)

Answer either A or B A. Rocky shore Ecosystem:

Use List 1 to answer the following questions. List 1:

Acorn Barnacle, Herring Gull, Phytoplankton, Edible crab, Lug worm, common dog whelk.

a) Use at least FOUR (4) terms from List 1 to draw a food chain.

(3 marks)

b) Explain the role of the first term from a) in your food chain.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

c) Construct a THREE steps dichotomous key to identify the following marine animals found in the rocky shore.

Limbet, sea anemone, crab, common prawn

(3 marks)

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17 B. Coral Reef Ecosystem

Use List 2 to answer the following questions.

Squid, Phytoplankton, Fish Fry, Barracuda, Silver porgies, Zooplankton

List 2:

a) Use at least FOUR (4) terms from List 2 to draw a food chain.

(3 marks) b) Explain the role of the first term from a) in your food chain.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks) c) Construct a three steps dichotomous key to identify the following

marine animals found in the reef.

Box jelly fish, reef shark, angel fish and clown fish.

(3 marks)

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18 PART B: ELECTRICAL ENERGY (7 Marks)

Figure 8 is an electrical circuit. Use it to answer the following questions.

Figure 8:

a) What is the total resistance of the circuit?

(3 marks)

b) What is the total current of the circuit?

(1 mark)

c) What is the current going through the 45Ω resistor?

(3 marks)

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19 QUESTION24: GENETICS & METALS AND COMPOUNDS (15 MARKS)

PART A: GENETICS (9 Marks)

A woman gives birth to a son in hospital and the child is taken away for a few minutes for some routine tests. When the child is returned the parents are told that the child has haemophilia, a sex linked recessive allele which causes a blood clotting disorder. Neither of the parents or direct relatives have this disorder. A baby boy born in the next room within minutes of the first child does not have haemophilia even though the mother’s and father’s father both do have haemophilia. a) Label the genotypes correctly.

__________________________ (1 mark)

b) Draw a bunnet square for each of the parents and their child.

i) Mina and Husband child.

(3 marks)

ii) Tina and Husband child.

(3 marks)

c) Using the drawn bunnet squares, explain how the wrong children were returned to their parents.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

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20 PART B: METAL AND COMPOUNDS (6 Marks)

Zinc, Copper and Silver metal were tested in the laboratory in order to decide their order of reactivity. The following practical was conducted.

A piece of zinc metal was immersed in a copper sulfate solution beaker while a copper penny was immersed in a silver nitrate solution beaker. They were left for a few minutes while students observed these two beakers.

a) State the observations that students would have for each beaker on Table B. Table B

Observation Beaker of copper sulfate

Beaker of silver nitrate

(2 marks) b) Explain the expected observations made in a).

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

c) Put the copper, zinc and silver metal in their order of reactivity.

(2 marks)

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21 QUESTION 25: FORCE & ENERGY AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. (15 MARKS)

PART A: FORCE & ENERGY. (10Marks)

Mele decided one day to take a bike ride to visit her friends. Table C is a record of Mele’s bike riding. Use Table C to answer the following questions.

Table C: Distance travelled

(m) Time

(s) 20 20 40 40 60 60 100 60 140 60 160 100 180 120 220 140

a) On the graph paper draw a distance time graph of Mele’s bike riding.

(3 marks)

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22 b) On your graph clearly indicate where Mele had a rest. (2 marks)

c) Mark on your graph where Mele’s ride was the fastest. Support your answer

with velocity calculations.

(5 marks)

PART B: Organic Compounds. (5 Marks)

Alkanes are organic compounds that have various uses in everyday life depending on the physical properties of the Alkane. Table D contains physical properties of some alkanes and their uses.

Use Table D to answer the following questions.

Table D:

Name of Alkane Melting point (° C)

State (25°C, 101 kPa)

Uses

1. -188 gas Bottled gas

2. -95 4. Component of Petrol

3. -138 gas 5.

a) Fill Table D with the appropriate name of the Alkane (1-3), what state is the Alkane at room temperature (4) and one use of the corresponding alkane (5).

(5 marks)

12

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23 QUESTION 26: METALS AND COMPOUNDS & WAVES (15 MARKS)

PART A: METALS AND COMPOUNDS. (6 Marks)

A white lump of calcium carbonate in a closed heating test tube was heated in a Form 5 classroom. The heating test tube is connected with tubes to another closed and empty test tube.

a) After the first ten minutes describe your observation of the lump of calcium carbonate.

____________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

b) Write a chemical equation of the reaction that took place when the calcium carbonate was heated.

(3 marks)

c) Describe how you will test the content of the test tube or the product of the reaction. ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

PART B: WAVES (9 Marks)

Figure 9:

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24 Figure 9 is that of a wave. Use it to answer the following questions.

a) For each of the following letters from Figure 9, put the correct wave property beside it.

A - __________________________________ (1 mark)

D - __________________________________ (1 mark)

b) The rate of spin of the CD-ROM varies according to the location of data on the disc where data is accessed from. When accessing data from the inner circles of the disc, the CD can spin up to 400 revolutions per minute. Calculate the frequency of the spinning CD.

(2 marks) c) Use Table E values to answer the following questions.

Table E Temperature

(°C) Speed of sound

(m/s) Frequency (s-1) Wavelength (λ)

in m

20 343.3 1000 X

0 331.2 500 0.662

i) Calculate the missing wavelength of the speed of sound at 20°C, X.

(3 marks)

ii) Describe the pitch of the wave at 0°C and that at 20°C. 0°C :_________________________________________________________________

20°C:________________________________________________________________

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25 QUESTION 27: METALS AND COMPOUNDS& FORCE AND ENERGY (15 MARKS)

PART A: METALS AND COMPOUNDS (7 Marks)

Sodium is a well looked after metal in the laboratories.

a) Describe how sodium is stored.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

b) A small piece of sodium metal is dropped into a beaker of water.

i) Describe what you will observe here. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark) ii) Explain the observation in i)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

c) Metals are used in our everyday life. For each of the listed metals state one everyday use of it.

Metals Everyday uses

Lithium

Copper

Aluminium

(3 marks)

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26 PART B: FORCE AND ENERGY (8 Marks) a) Define force.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark) b) Explain what i) contact force and ii) non-contact force is giving an example for

each.

i) Contact force - ____________________________________ (1 mark)

Example - _________________________________________ (1 mark)

ii) Non- contact force - _________________________________ (1 mark)

Example - __________________________________________ (1 mark)

c) A form 5 student was doing chin-up and he pulled his 56 kg body up 0.25 m in 0.03 minutes. What power did his bicep delivered?

Figure 10

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

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27 QUESTION28: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM and NON METALS (15 marks)

PART A: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (11 Marks)

Figure 11: An electrical circuit.

G H I J

K

After studying Figure 11:

a) Name the labelled components of the circuit. (5 marks)

Labeled circuit components Names G H I J K

b) State the functions of each of the following electrical circuit components.

i) Fuse - _________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

ii) Galvanometer - ________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

iii) Battery - _______________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

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28 c) Figure 12: Nail electromagnet

Figure 12

Sailosi who carried out an electromagnet experiment set up his experiment as in Figure 12. He knows that when the circuit is closed a magnet is produced and it attracts metal paper clips to his magnet. i) Describe one thing that Sailosi will change in two other stations that he will

set up like Figure 12 (his third station) in order to show that this will change the strength of his magnet.

Station 1:

______________________________________________________ (1 mark)

Station 2:

_____________________________________________________ (1 mark)

ii) Write down the expected observation when Station 3 is compared to Station 1.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

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29 PART B: NON - METALS & HEALTH & DISEASES (4 Marks)

Figure 13: Nitrogen Cycle

Animal Protein

Decay

Protein Industrial Biotic nitrogen (plants and microbes) Fixation fixation Lighting Denitrifying bacteria Nitrites NO2-

Nitrifying bacteria

a) From Figure 13, name the missing chemicals A, B and C.

A: ______________________ (1 mark)

B: ______________________ (1 mark)

C: ______________________ (1 mark)

b) Mele was testing for protein in Milk and potato chips. Into a test tube she added a small amount of Calcium Oxide and 5 drops of milk then a few drops of water. Mele heated the test tube and held a red litmus paper on top of the test tube. Explain how differently she would test for the potato chips (French fries) and why.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

BA

C

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31 Student Personal Identification Number (SPIN)

TONGA SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

SCIENCE

2014

FOR MARKER’S USE ONLY

Write the letter of your Best answer in the boxes below.

1. 11.

2. 12.

3. 13.

4. 14.

5. 15.

6. 16.

7. 17.

8. 18.

Sections Marks C/Marks

Section A 30

Section B 120

Question 21 15

Question 22 15

Question 23 15

Question 24 15

Question 25 15

Question 26 15

Question 27 15

Question 28 15

TOTAL 150

9. 19

10. 20.

MC

30