• Art and science deals with experienceing reality by using certain assumptions and techniques.

• Categorization of science;– Analytical distinctions ; nature of the subject matter of the study

– Division of labour in society; expression of social reality

• This dual nature of categorization process makes these categories unseperable.

• The borders between these categories of science are not too obvious. They are juxtaposing as branches of a tree which grow from the same root of which purpose is seeking for an understanding of reality.

• However, traditionally people tend to compare different categories of sciences due to their experimentability level

– For example,

– Physics > Biology > Sociology; in terms of the level of experimentation

• According to White, comparing different branches of science due to their experimentation level is unwarranted.

• In stead, as they are all trying to interpret the reality, all the phases of this interpretation are equally scientific.

• Thus, science cannot be divided into qualitatively different parts.

• By using science, human tries to understand REALITY, in other words, an infinite set of EVENTS.

•These relationships between events can occur in two different co-ordinates.

• These co-ordinates are;– Space co-ordinates; x-y-z

– Time co –ordinate; t

• The structure of reality; thus, is constructed with these co-ordinates

• These are the three ways of sciencing, there is no other way.– Temporal

– Spatial

– Temporal-Spatial

• With these three ways, human tries to comprehend different realms of reality which are;

– Inanimate (PHYSICAL)

– Living organisms (BIOLOGICAL)

– Usage of symbols by humankind (CULTURAL)

thanks for listening