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    What is to change

    Pemboleh ubah manipulasi

    of circuit

    .litar

    What is to observed

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasBrightness of the bulbs

    Kecerahan mentol

    Circuit

    ( litar)

    Brightness of the bulbs

    Kecerahan mentol

    P Bright ( cerah)

    Q Brighter ( lebih cerah)

    R Brightess (paling cerah)

    Type of circuit

    jenis litar

    What is to keep the same

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

    Number of the batteries

    Bilangan bateri

    Number of the bulbs

    Bilangan mentol

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    What is to change

    Pemboleh ubah manipulasi

    of pupil

    .murid

    What is to observed

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasLength of one cubit

    Panjang hasta

    The height of pupil

    Ketinggian murid

    What is to keep the same

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

    The ruler

    Kayu pembaris

    Age of pupils

    Umur murid

    Pupil

    Murid

    Kumar Majid Zaki Lee

    Meng

    Length of one cubitPanjang satu hasta

    18cm

    21cm

    20cm

    12cm

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    What is to change

    Pemboleh ubah manipulasi

    Substance

    Bahan

    Effect on blue litmus

    paper

    Kesan ke atas kertas

    li tmus bir u

    Effect on red litmus

    paper

    Kesan ke atas kertas

    l i tmus merah

    P No change Turns blue

    Q Turns red No change

    R No change No changeS Turns red No change

    T No change No change

    U No change Turns blue

    _________of substances

    _________bahan

    Type of substances

    jenis bahan

    What is to observed

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

    _________ of litmus paper

    _________ kertas litmus

    Condition of litmus paper

    keadaan kertas litmus

    What is to keep the same

    Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan

    __________ of substances

    __________ bahan

    Quantity of substances

    Kuantiti bahan

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    What is to change

    Pemboleh ubah manipulasi

    The way to prevent the

    iron nail

    Cara untuk melindungi pakubesi

    What is to observed

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasCondition of iron nail

    Keadaan paku besi

    What is to keep the same

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

    Number of iron nail

    Bilangan paku besi

    Type of water

    Jenis air

    nail X

    (wipe with grease)nail Z

    nail Y (painted)

    Nail Z

    Paku Z

    Nail Y (painted)Paku Y ( dicat)

    Nail X (greese)

    Paku X ( gris)

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    What is to change

    Pemboleh ubah manipulasiPresent of water

    Kehadiran air

    Condition of the roots

    Keadaan akar

    What is to observed

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

    What is to keep the same

    Pemboleh ubah yang

    dimalarkan

    Type of the seedling

    jenis anak benih

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    TREND

    What is to observe Temperature ( suhu)

    Answer : Increase , remain the same

    Bertambah, sama

    Duration of experiment

    Diagram 3 shows a graph about the temperature of ice

    Temperature ( C)

    Time

    The temperature is Increase and thanremain the same

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    VARIABLES

    What is to observe Rate of breathing ( kadar perenafasan)

    Answer : Increase, decrease

    bertambah, menurun

    ActivitiesRate

    ofbreathing

    (times)

    Rate of breathing is increase and than decreaseKadar ernafasan ialah bertambah dan menurun

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    What is the trend for volume of water absorbed

    Apakah pola bagi isipadu air yang tinggal

    Increased

    meningkat

    Volume of water absorbed increased

    Isipadu air yang tinggal bertambah

    observation

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    What is the trend for distance planet from the SunApakah pola bagi jarak planet daripada Matahari

    Increased

    meningkat

    Distance planet from the Sun are increased

    Jarak planet daripada Mataharibertambah

    observation

    Planet Distance from the Sun (km)

    Mercury 58 000 000

    Mars 228 000 000

    Saturn 1 435 000 000

    Neptune 4 500 000 000

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    What is the trend for size of the Moon during eclipse

    Apakah pola bagi saiz bulan ketika gerhana

    Increased

    menaik

    Size of the moon that can be seen is increased

    Saiz bulan yang dapat dilihat berkurang

    observation

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    State one observation based on the table above

    State one inference based on the table above

    Volume of water absorbed increased

    Isipadu air yang diserap bertambahNumber of sponge increased

    Isipadu air yang diserap bertambah

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    Eclipse of the Moon

    Gerhana Bulan

    Observation

    pemerhatian

    At day 15, the phase of the Moon

    is fullmoon

    Pada hari ke 15, fasa bulan ialah

    bulan purnama

    Inference

    sebab

    Revolution of the Moon surround the

    earth

    Peredaran Bulan mengelilingi Bumi

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    Based on the picture, state one observation

    Berdasarkan gambar di atas, nyatakan satu pemerhatian

    Wto : Condition of root

    Keadaan akar

    The root bend towards the wet cotton

    Akar bengkok ke arah kapas basah

    Based on your answer, give a reason

    Berdasarkan jawapan anda, beri satu sebab

    The root responds to water

    Akar bertindakbalas terhadap airInference

    Sebab

    Observation

    pemerhatianSeedling needs water to fullfil their

    basic needs

    Anak pokok memerlukan air untuk

    Memenuhi keperluan asasnya

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    Based on the picture, state one observation.

    water

    . An orange is left on the table and its conditions are observed every week.

    Sebiji limau diletakkan di atas meja dan keadaannya diperhatikan setiap minggu.

    mould

    What can you see fromthe picture ?

    .of mould

    Answer : Area of mould is increased

    Luas kawasan bercendawan( kulat) bertambah

    Based on your answer, give a reason .

    Mould growth

    Kulat membesar

    The mould has enough food and water

    Kulat mendapat makanan dan air

    yang mencukupi

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    Observation

    pemerhatian

    Size of the shadow is bigger than imej

    Saiz bayang-bayang lebih besar

    Daripada imej

    Inference

    sebab

    The hand is near to the torch

    Tangan berada dekat dengan lampu

    suluh,

    Wto : Size of the shadow

    saiz bayang-bayangWtc : Distance of hand from torch

    Jarak tangan dari lampu suluh

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    Wihthout pulley, number of pupilss

    needed to lift the load is more

    compared with has pulleysTanpa takal, bilangan orang yang

    diperlukan untuk mengangkat beban

    Adalah lebih banyak berbanding

    tanpa takal

    Wihthout pulley, the friction is the

    Greatest compared with has pulleyTanpa takal daya geseran adalah

    Paling kuat berbanding

    tanpa takal

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    Observationpemerhatian Eclipse of the Moon occurs

    Gerhana bulan berlaku

    Inferencesebab

    WtoEclipse of the Moon

    gerhana Bulan

    Wtc :Position of Sun, Earth and the Moon

    Tahun

    The Sun, Earth and the Moon liesin a straight line

    Matahari, Bumi dan bulan berada

    dalam satu garisan lurus

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    Observation

    pemerhatian

    The roots bend/ response

    towards water

    Akar bengkok /bertindakbalas

    terhadap air

    Inference

    Sebab

    To carry out nutrients throughout

    the plant.

    Untuk mengangkut nutrient ke

    seluruh pokok

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    Observationpemerhatian

    The brightness of the bulbs is the most

    When 3 batteries is used compared withUsed 1 battery

    Kecerahan mentol paing cerah apabila

    Menggunakan 3 bateri berbanding 1

    bateri

    Give other

    observation

    Wto

    Brightness of the bulbs

    Kecerahan mentolThe power in cirsuit R is the most compared

    With circuit P

    Kuasa dalam litar R paling banyak

    berbandig PInference

    Number of batteries in circuit R is the most

    compared With circuit PBilangan bateri dalam litar R paling banyak

    berbanding P

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    How to write hypothesis/ conclusion / relationship

    between the variables

    1. Hypothesis / relationship / conclusion.

    Use increase / decrease or if / when

    example:

    the more ( pattern) (manipulated variable)the more ( trend ) ( responding variable )

    if ( trend ) ( manipulated variable ) so ( trend )( responding variable )

    2. Relationships between.

    1. Manipulated variable ( affect ) PB

    2. Responding variable ( is affected by/depends) on

    responding variable.

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    Bilangan telur yang

    menetas

    Number of eggs

    Bilangan telur

    trend

    pola

    trend

    Pola

    wtc

    Mv

    wto

    RV

    Decrease number of eggs increase number of youngthat hatcheds

    Berkurang bilangan telur bertambah bilangan telur

    yang menetas.

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    Temperature ( C)

    Suhu ( C)

    10 15 20 25 30

    Time taken for bread to start turningbad / hour

    Masa yang diambil oleh roti untuk

    menjadi rosak ( jam)

    72 60 50 42 36

    The ( trend ) the ( wtc ) The ( trend ) the ( wto )

    The increased the temperature the decreased the timeTaken for bread to start turning bad

    Semakin bertambah suhu semakin bertambah masa yang

    Diambil oleh roti untuk manjadi rosak

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    Needle

    The ability of the needle to

    pierce the paper

    Kebolehan jarum menembusikertas

    T Easy ( mudah)

    U Moderate ( sederhana)

    V Difficult ( sukar)

    If we used needle T, the ability of the needle to pierce the

    paper is increased compared with needle V

    Jika gunakan jarum t, kebolehan jarum menembusi kertas

    bertambah berbanding jarum V

    The increase the sharpness of needle the increase the

    ability of the needle to pierce the paper.

    Semakin bertambah ketajaman jarum semakin bertambah

    Kebolehan jarum menembusi kertas

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    Planet Time taken to complete one revolution

    Masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap

    P 88 days ( 88 hari)Q 225 days ( 225 hari)

    R 365 days (365 hari)

    U 30 years ( 30 tahun)

    V 84 years ( 84 tahun)

    W 165 years ( 165 tahun)

    X 249 years ( 249 tahun)

    The ( trend ) the ( wtc ) The ( trend ) the ( wto )

    The increased the distance of planet from the sun the increased

    The time taken to complete one revolution

    Semakin bertambah jarak planet dari Matahari semakin

    Bertambah masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap

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    Hypothesis / Conclusion / relationshipThe number of trees left can affect the

    temperature of surrounding

    Bilangan pokok yang tinggal mempengaruhisuhu persekitaran

    What is to change

    Number of trees left.

    Bilangan pokok yang tinggal

    What is to observetemperature of surrounding

    Suhu persekitran

    The increase the number of trees left the

    decrease the temperature of surrounding

    Semakin bertambah bilangan pokok yangtinggal semakin berkurang suhu persekitaran

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    To investigate the relationship between (wtc)With .(wto.

    Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara (mv)

    dengan ..RV

    Aim / Purpose

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    Aim / Purpose

    To investigate the relationship between ..

    With

    Wtc : the timeWto : The number of ant

    Wtc :the timeWto :The number of ant

    Some grain of sugar is left near the ant trails in the class at 9.00 am.

    The number of ant coming is recorded as fallow.

    9.00 am

    9.00 pagi

    9.05 am

    9.05 pagi

    9.10 am

    9.10 pagi

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    Aim / Purpose

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    Aim / Purpose

    To investigate the relationship between ..

    With

    Wtc :

    Location of the cities

    Lokasi bandar

    Wto :

    duration of day time

    Tempoh waktu siang

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