Science Key Words

TOPIC 9 B- FITNESS

The S Factors…

STRENGTH SUPPLENESS

STAMINASPEEDExplain each of these words. Make a note.

The table below shows how well different sports develop the four S-factors.

Sport Suppleness Strength Stamina Speed

hiking * ** *** *

jogging ** ** **** *

disco dancing *** * *** *

hard cycling ** *** **** *

swimming **** **** **** **

weight training

* **** * *

gymnastics **** *** ** **

football *** *** *** ***

tennis *** ** *** *** Key•little effect **good *** very good ****excellent

1 Which of these sports would be the best to develop all round fitness? Explain your answer.2 Which sports would be the best to develop faster reaction times?3 Which sports would be the best to develop your strength?4 What activities would you suggest for the following people?A a Year 9 girl who hates sportsB a middle-aged man who has recently recovered from a heart attackC a 30-year-old woman who fractured her femur (thigh bone) and has recently had her plaster cast removed.

9Ba4 Organ systems

System Main organs Function

respiratory (or breathing)

digestive

circulatory

skeletal

There are seven organ systems altogether. Name one other system apart from the ones mentioned above.

How do famous sports people stay healthy?

What is respiration?

How do things make energy?

oxygen + glucose water + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

For all your cells to be able to respire, three organ systems need to be working well: the respiratory (or breathing) system, the digestive system and the circulatory system. Using the information and the diagram on this sheet, write two or three paragraphs to clearly explain how your cells get the raw materials that they need to respire. Use as many scientific words as you can.

What do we breathe in and out?

How much have you learned?

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Heart

How lifestyle affects the heart

Heart problems are made worse by an unhealthy lifestyle.

• Smoking causes high blood pressure.

• Eating too much makes you overweight so your heart has to work harder to supply your body.

• Stress makes your blood pressure higher.

Apart from avoiding these things, what else can you do to keep your heart healthy?

• Exercise.

Healthy / Unhealthy

How do the lungs work?

• Results Analysis:

• Conclusion:

• Evaluation:

Average resultsGraphsPatterns

Smoking!!

Smoking and breathing

Hot gases in cigarette smoke paralyse the cilia so mucus builds up in the bronchioles.

Cilia sweep mucus and trapped debris up to the throat where it is swallowed.

Epithelial cells and smoking

• The lungs are moist, have a big surface and are very thin, so that….

• The ciliated epithelial cells in the lungs…….

• The goblet cells….

• The smoke particles from cigarettes …..

• The tar in the some ……

• The nicotine is poisonous drug that….

What is a drug??

Harmful chemicals

• Carbon particles that cause cancer.

• Tar that causes cancer.

• Nicotine that is addictive and makes it very hard for smokers to stop smoking.

• Chemicals that pass across the placenta and harm an unborn embryo.

Cigarette smoke contains many harmful substances:

How did we find out smoking was harmful?

Graphs like this show correlations, or patterns, but they don’t prove it was smoking that affected the health of these people.

Smoker’s Quiz• What is a ‘smoker’s cough’ caused by??

• What is on the side of most cigarette packets??

• Cigars and pips are less harmful than cigarettes- true/false??

• How can a smoker be helped to quit??

• How are cigarette makers are trying to target children and young adults??

No smoking

Design a poster or leaflet to tell younger pupils about the dangers of smoking.

How much have you learned?

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Drugs

What are drugs?

• What are drugs?

• Where do we find them?

• What do they do?

Drugs

When you are ill you may get medicines containing drugs from a doctor or a chemist.

A drug is any substance that changes the way the body works physically or mentally.

Stimmulant drugs-

Depressive drugs-

Recreational drugs

People take recreational drugs because of the effect they have on the body.

• Tobacco, coffee, cola and alcoholic drinks all contain legal recreational drugs.

• Some recreational drugs are illegal because they have so many harmful effects.

Alcohol

Alcohol affects the nervous system. It is a depressant that slows down your reaction time.

Excessive drinking hardens the liver so it cannot function properly. It also causes permanent memory damage.

Units of alcohol

It takes about 1 hour for your liver to get rid of1 unit of alcohol.

A unit is equivalent to the alcohol in 1 small glass of wine or half a pint of beer.

The developing baby

• This is a human e_______. It is the

developing baby up to about 8

8 weeks of age.

Where does it get its food from?

How does it breathe?

Why do you think the mother shouldn’t do these things?

Diet and health

We all need a b__________ d_______ to provide our body with the nutrients for g______, r________ and energy for life.

• Carbohydrates:

• Fats:

• Protein:

• Vitamins and minerals:

• Water:

• Roughage/fibre:

Research time…

• What can you find out about excessive sunshine and ultraviolet (uv rays) damaging the body? What can you do to reduce or avoid it??

• Make a colourful poster to highlight these ideas.