science saturday --- october 1, 2005. nanotechnology exciting new science and technology for the...
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Science Saturday --- October 1, 2005
NanotechnologyExciting new science and technology
for the 21st century
IBM chip UMass Logo TI mirror array
Nanotechnology• Is a broad, interdisciplinary topic involving physics, chemistry, biology and engineering
• It has potential impact in electronics, medicine, materials, and a wide variety of application areas.
How small are nanostructures?
Single Hair
Width = 0.1 mm
= 100 micrometers
= 100,000 nanometers !
1 nanometer = one billionth (10-9) meter
Smaller still
Hair
.
Red blood cell
6,000 nanometersDNA
3 nanometers
How do we make nanostructures?
How do we see nanostructures?
First,how do we make nanostructures?
• Lithography
• Self-assembly
Lithography
MarkTuominen
MarkTuominen
MarkTuominen
Making a microscopic mask
Silicon crystal
Polymer film
Electron Beam
Nanoscopic Mask !
Lithography
IBMCopperWiringOn aComputerChip
PatternedSeveral Times
SELF ASSEMBLYBlock “A” Block “B”
10% A 30% A 50% A 70% A 90% A
~10 nm
Ordered Phases
PMMA PS
Scale set by molecular size
DiblockCopolymer
BASIC NANOPOROUS TEMPLATEPROCESS APPLICATIONS Deposition
Template
EtchingMask
NanoporousMembrane
Remove polymerblock within cylinders(UV or ebeam exposure;Acetic acid rinse)
“A versatile, self-assembling, nanoscale lithographic system”
SEM IMAGE OF NANOPOROUS POLYMER TEMPLATE
Array Period = 24 nm Pore Diameter = 14 nm
MW = 42,000PS/PMMA
NIRTUMass Amherst
FUNCTIONAL NANOARRAYS
Glass Pillars
PatternedMedia
CopolymerTemplateSeparations
& Sensors
Template Transfer Nanowires
Devices
NANOWIRE ARRAYS using ELECTRODEPOSITION
1.2 trillion wires/in2
200 nm
20 nm 100 nm
silicongold
electrodepositedcobaltnanowires
unfilled polymertemplate
cobaltnanowires
• ULTRA-HIGH DENSITY MAGNETIC DATA STORAGE
1 0 1 1 0
unexposed regionof copolymer film
“patterned” nanowirearray
vertically-orienteddiblock copolymer film
“patterned” nanoporouspolymer template
LATERALLY-PATTERNED MEDIA
HOLES
NO HOLES
How do we see nanostructures?
• A light microscope?
• An electron microscope!
• A scanning probe microscope!
Television Set
eye
electron beam
TV screen
Light !electronsource
Electron Microscope
SAMPLE
ElectronBeam
DETECTOR
Scanning probe microscope
Surface
Vibrating Cantilever
Image of Nickel Atoms
Pushing Atoms Around
Finale