science saturdays #2
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Science Saturdays #2. Earth’s Sky Hurricane Warning – Should You Evacuate? Lynne M. Bailey CSD 9 Title IIB STEM Grant [email protected]. Paperwork Introduction Protocols Online learning style test Objectives Pre-test Meterology 101. Activities Weather devices - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Science Saturdays #2Science Saturdays #2
Earth’s SkyEarth’s SkyHurricane Warning – Should You Hurricane Warning – Should You
Evacuate?Evacuate?Lynne M. BaileyLynne M. Bailey
CSD 9 Title IIB STEM GrantCSD 9 Title IIB STEM [email protected]@nyit.edu
AgendaAgenda• PaperworkPaperwork
• IntroductionIntroduction ProtocolsProtocols Online learning Online learning
style teststyle test ObjectivesObjectives Pre-testPre-test
• Meterology 101Meterology 101
• ActivitiesActivities Weather devicesWeather devices Exploring online Exploring online
activities and activities and resourcesresources
Post-testPost-test Reflection and Reflection and
classroom classroom applicationapplication
• Share-out Share-out
IntroductionsIntroductions• Paperwork done?Paperwork done?• How do you learn? How do you learn?
http://www.educationplanner.com/http://www.educationplanner.com/ Earthquake preparedness quiz online atEarthquake preparedness quiz online at
http://www.tvfr.com/http://www.tvfr.com/ click on “April is click on “April is Earthquake Awareness Month” and click Earthquake Awareness Month” and click on quizon quiz
• Protocols – leave no tracks!Protocols – leave no tracks!• Expectations?Expectations?
Who Could ForgetWho Could Forget
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
• Is there an hurricane in your future? Is there an hurricane in your future? Do you need an umbrella today?Do you need an umbrella today? Can we predict hurricanes or weather in Can we predict hurricanes or weather in
general general How does weather shape geography?How does weather shape geography? How does weather relate to basic earth How does weather relate to basic earth
systems? systems? How do hurricanes and other How do hurricanes and other
atmospheric events effect populations?atmospheric events effect populations? Others?Others?
Meteorology 101Meteorology 101• Is it coming your Is it coming your
way?way? Track hurricane pathTrack hurricane path Find patterns/causesFind patterns/causes
• Video (primary)Video (primary)
• The sky above – The sky above – Earth’s atmosphereEarth’s atmosphere
• Weather basicsWeather basics
• Weather Weather measuring toolsmeasuring tools
• Other media in the Other media in the classroomclassroom PodcastPodcast VideosVideos Current eventsCurrent events
• More about More about weatherweather
Is It Coming Your Way?Is It Coming Your Way?
• Using maps, track a hurricaneUsing maps, track a hurricane
• Data easily found on the WWWData easily found on the WWW Historical tracks: Historical tracks:
http://maps.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/viehttp://maps.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/viewer.htmlwer.html
• Create a hurricaneCreate a hurricane
Where’s It Going?Where’s It Going?ADV
#LAT LON TIME WIND PR STATUS
27 25.10 -75.90 09/14/09Z 135 927 HURRICANE-4
28 25.70 -76.80 09/14/15Z 125 932 HURRICANE-4
29 26.50 -77.40 09/14/21Z 120 929 HURRICANE-4
30 27.70 -77.90 09/15/03Z 120 933 HURRICANE-4
31 28.80 -78.80 09/15/09Z 120 938 HURRICANE-4
32 29.90 -79.00 09/15/15Z 110 943 HURRICANE-3
33 31.30 -79.00 09/15/21Z 100 949 HURRICANE-3
34 32.90 -78.30 09/16/03Z 100 952 HURRICANE-3
35 34.50 -77.60 09/16/09Z 90 956 HURRICANE-2
36 36.80 -76.00 09/16/15Z 70 967 HURRICANE-1
37 39.30 -74.60 09/16/21Z 55 974 TS
38 41.70 -72.20 09/17/03Z 50 980 TS
39 43.50 -70.80 09/17/09Z 50 984 TS
Year 1999 Tropical StormsYear 1999 Tropical Storms
Year 2005 Tropical StormsYear 2005 Tropical Storms
Online Cyclone Trackers Online Cyclone Trackers • Donna 1960Donna 1960
• Agnes 1972Agnes 1972
• Bob 1991Bob 1991
• Allison 2001Allison 2001
• Floyd 1999Floyd 1999
• BetsyBetsy
Is There a Pattern?Is There a Pattern?
• Where do they form? Tropical storm Where do they form? Tropical storm basins …basins …
Hurricane HuntersHurricane Hunters
• Visit the Visit the Hurricane Hurricane Hunters Hunters websitewebsite
Why there? Why there?
• Warm waterWarm water Surface water Surface water
temperature must be at temperature must be at least 80least 80oo F F
• Coriolis Effect Coriolis Effect Caused by Earth's Caused by Earth's
rotation from west to rotation from west to easteast
Try this Try this animationanimation
Hurricane CharacteristicsHurricane Characteristics
• No frontsNo fronts
• Winds weaken with height Winds weaken with height
• Centers are warmer than their Centers are warmer than their surroundings surroundings
• Form under weak high-altitude windsForm under weak high-altitude winds
• Air sinks at the center of a hurricane Air sinks at the center of a hurricane
• Main energy source is the latent heat Main energy source is the latent heat of condensation of condensation
• Weaken rapidly over land Weaken rapidly over land
Hurricane StructuresHurricane Structures• Eye – Calm centerEye – Calm center• Eyewall – Surrounds eye, Eyewall – Surrounds eye,
strongest winds concentrated strongest winds concentrated herehere
• Feeder /rain bands - long zones Feeder /rain bands - long zones of clouds, showers and thunder of clouds, showers and thunder storm activity that get their storm activity that get their moisture over warm water and moisture over warm water and drive energy into the storm drive energy into the storm
• Storm surge - mound of water Storm surge - mound of water that is pushed landward by the that is pushed landward by the winds of a hurricanewinds of a hurricane
Hurricane IdentifiersHurricane Identifiers
• Location: begin over tropical watersLocation: begin over tropical waters
• Magnitude: wind speedMagnitude: wind speed
• Path: unpredictable, but usually Path: unpredictable, but usually managedmanaged Watch: 36 hoursWatch: 36 hours Warning: 24 hoursWarning: 24 hours
Hurricane RecipeHurricane Recipe
Hurricanes from Brain PopHurricanes from Brain Pop
3.30
Hurricane RecipeHurricane Recipe
• Four conditionsFour conditions Low pressure (reinforced by the Low pressure (reinforced by the
hurricane)hurricane) Warm temperatures (often in summer)Warm temperatures (often in summer) Moist area (over the ocean)Moist area (over the ocean) Tropical wind patterns (close to the Tropical wind patterns (close to the
EquatorEquator
Hurricane GrowthHurricane Growth• Begin when raindrops condense out of warm, moist Begin when raindrops condense out of warm, moist
airair
• Heat is released, which then makes the air Heat is released, which then makes the air convectconvect
• In a low pressure zone near the equator, this can In a low pressure zone near the equator, this can create an organized system of clouds and storms create an organized system of clouds and storms called a tropical depression (low pressure)called a tropical depression (low pressure)
• As more moist air is swept up and more rain As more moist air is swept up and more rain condenses out, the depression gets stronger, condenses out, the depression gets stronger, creating a tropical stormcreating a tropical storm
• If enough heat is added to the system, it becomes a If enough heat is added to the system, it becomes a hurricane with strong winds, an eye, and storm hurricane with strong winds, an eye, and storm surgesurge
Watch One from NASAWatch One from NASA
• http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddarhttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0915isabel/add/news/topstory/2004/0915isabel/addl.htmldl.html
Hurricane CategoriesHurricane Categories
CategoryPressure
(mb)Winds(knots)
Winds(mph)
Surge (ft)
Line Color
TD ----- < 34 < 39 Green
TS ----- 34-63 39-73 Yellow
1 > 980 64-82 74-95 4-5 Red
2 965-980 83-95 96-110 6-8 Light Red
3 945-965 96-113 111-130 9-12 Magenta
4 920-945 114-135 131-155 13-18Light Magenta
5 < 920 >135 >155 >18 White
What’s In Our Sky?What’s In Our Sky?
Earth’s AtmosphereEarth’s Atmosphere
• Five layers Five layers distinguished bydistinguished by Thermal Thermal
characteristics characteristics (temperature (temperature changes)changes)
Chemical compositionChemical composition Movement Movement DensityDensity
Click to Play on the WebClick to Play on the Web
WeatherWeather
Current State of the Current State of the AtmosphereAtmosphere
Driving the Water CycleDriving the Water Cycle
Current ConditionsCurrent Conditions• Air movementAir movement
Wind speed & directionWind speed & direction
• Cloud coverCloud cover
• Air pressureAir pressure
• TemperatureTemperature
• Relative humidityRelative humidity
• Precipitation amount Precipitation amount & type& type
Air MassesAir Masses• Large body of air that takes on the Large body of air that takes on the
characteristics of the area over which it formscharacteristics of the area over which it forms Classified according to their source areasClassified according to their source areas
• Fronts are narrow regions that separates two Fronts are narrow regions that separates two air masses of different densitiesair masses of different densities
• In the northern hemisphere, in a surface high-In the northern hemisphere, in a surface high-pressure system, air sinks and rotates in a pressure system, air sinks and rotates in a clockwise directionclockwise direction
• Cold air is heavier and sinks, pushing warm air Cold air is heavier and sinks, pushing warm air up and awayup and away
FrontsFronts• Cold front - Warm air Cold front - Warm air
lifted up over cold airlifted up over cold air• Warm front - Warm air Warm front - Warm air
displaces cold air and displaces cold air and it develops a gradual it develops a gradual frontal slopefrontal slope
• Occluded - Warm air is Occluded - Warm air is squeezed upward squeezed upward between two cold air between two cold air massesmasses
• Stationary-neither cold Stationary-neither cold or warm air advancesor warm air advances
WindWind• Sun’s energy Sun’s energy
activates wind activates wind
• Jet streams Jet streams Narrow bands of fast, Narrow bands of fast,
high-altitude westerly high-altitude westerly winds are called jet winds are called jet streamsstreams
Earth has twoEarth has two
• Coriolis forces due Coriolis forces due to Earth’s rotation to Earth’s rotation effect patternseffect patterns
TemperatureTemperature
• How fast or slow molecules are How fast or slow molecules are movingmoving Faster = warmerFaster = warmer Slower = colderSlower = colder
Humidity: Water Vapor in Humidity: Water Vapor in AirAir• Ratio of water vapor in a volume of Ratio of water vapor in a volume of
air relative to how much water vapor air relative to how much water vapor that volume of air is capable of that volume of air is capable of holding is called relative humidityholding is called relative humidity
• Troposphere layer of the Troposphere layer of the atmosphere contains most atmosphere contains most of the water vapor in of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphereEarth's atmosphere
CloudsClouds• Condensation around dust and pollen Condensation around dust and pollen
particlesparticles• Classified by altitude of formation and Classified by altitude of formation and
shapeshape• When condensation takes place, latent When condensation takes place, latent
heat is released and warms the airheat is released and warms the air• Four basic typesFour basic types: cirrus, nimbus, : cirrus, nimbus,
cumulous, and stratuscumulous, and stratus
How Clouds FormHow Clouds Form
• When air is cooled to its dewpoint or When air is cooled to its dewpoint or the temperature, if the air is cooled, the temperature, if the air is cooled, it reaches saturation. it reaches saturation.
• Air can reach saturation in a Air can reach saturation in a number of ways, most commonlynumber of ways, most commonlythrough lifting through lifting
Air PressureAir Pressure
• High-pressure systems usually High-pressure systems usually associated with fair weatherassociated with fair weather
• Low-pressure systems associated Low-pressure systems associated with clouds and precipitationwith clouds and precipitation
PrecipitationPrecipitation
• Various forms and Various forms and amountsamounts Rain, snow, sleet, Rain, snow, sleet, hailhail, fog, fog
• Water cycle interactionWater cycle interaction Evaporation & transpirationEvaporation & transpiration CondensationCondensation PrecipitationPrecipitation Runoff, Runoff,
ground waterground water
Water Vapor in the AirWater Vapor in the Air
Weather ToolsWeather Tools
For the ClassroomFor the ClassroomGo to Go to
http://www.k12science.org/http://www.k12science.org/Click on Curriculum> Real Click on Curriculum> Real
Time Data Projects> Weather Time Data Projects> Weather Scope> Scope> Student Student ActivitiesActivities
AnemometerAnemometerProcedure (click image)Procedure (click image)• Blow on the anemometer or turn an Blow on the anemometer or turn an
electric fan on low to make sure that electric fan on low to make sure that it spins easilyit spins easily
• How many times the anemometer How many times the anemometer will spin in one minute? will spin in one minute?
• Can you make a statement Can you make a statement connecting the number of spins of connecting the number of spins of your anemometer and the speed of your anemometer and the speed of the wind? the wind?
How it WorksHow it Works• Four cups catch the Four cups catch the
wind and cause the wind and cause the anemometer to spin anemometer to spin
• Cups inward curve Cups inward curve receives most of the receives most of the force of the windforce of the wind
• That's what makes the That's what makes the cups movecups move
• More spins per minute, More spins per minute, the greater the wind the greater the wind velocityvelocity
• NOTE: When using this NOTE: When using this anemometer, 10 turns anemometer, 10 turns per minute means the per minute means the wind speed is about wind speed is about one mile per hour. one mile per hour.
• Very useful to use a Very useful to use a commercial commercial anemometer to anemometer to calculate a better calculate a better determination determination For example, "when our For example, "when our
anemometer read 20 anemometer read 20 spins a minute, the spins a minute, the commercial commercial anemometer read 2 anemometer read 2 miles per hour." miles per hour."
Beaufort Wind ScaleBeaufort Wind Scale
•Wind speed measured on a scale of 0-12 based on visual clues originally developed in 1806 by Sir Francis Beaufort
•Developed rating system to make accurate recording of wind speed
•Developed for sailors, but modified by the National Weather Service for use on land
http://www.k12science.org/curriculum/weatherproj2/en/popup/beaufort.shtml
Beaufort
Force
Wind SpeedKmPH
Wind SpeedMPH
Indicators Terms Used in
NWS Forecasts
0 0-2 0-1 Calm; smoke rises vertically. Calm
1 2-5 1-3Shown by direction of wind smoke drift, but not by wind
vanes. Light
2 6-12 4-7 Wind felt on face, leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by
wind.Light
3 13-20 8-12Leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends
light flag.Gentle
4 21-29 13-18 Raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved. Moderate
5 30-39 19-24Small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on
inland waters.Fresh
6 40-50 25-31 Large branches in motion; whistling heard in telephone
wires; umbrellas used with difficulty.Strong
7 51-61 32-38Whole trees in motion; inconvenience felt walking against
the wind.Strong
8 62-74 39-46 Breaks twigs off trees; generally impedes progress. Gale
9 75-87 47-54 Slight structural damage. Gale
10 88-101 55-63Seldom experienced inland; trees uprooted; considerable
structural damage occurs.Whole gale
11 102-116 64-72Very rarely experienced inland; accompanied by
widespread damage.Whole gale
12117 or more
73 or more
Very rarely experienced; accompanied by widespread damage.
Hurricane
Dry BarometerDry Barometer
Measure Air PressureMeasure Air Pressure
• How does this measure air How does this measure air pressure?pressure?
High pressure will make High pressure will make the balloon seal dip the balloon seal dip causing the straw go upcausing the straw go up
Low pressure will make Low pressure will make the balloon puff up the balloon puff up causing the straw to go causing the straw to go downdown
BarometerBarometer
• Air moves Air moves from high from high pressure to pressure to low pressurelow pressure
ThermometerThermometer• Measures temperatureMeasures temperature
• Temperature is a Temperature is a measure of how fast or measure of how fast or slow molecules moveslow molecules move
Rain GaugeRain Gauge
• Measures amount of Measures amount of rainrain
• You can also build a You can also build a snow gaugesnow gauge
Wind VaneWind Vane
• Record the wind’s directionRecord the wind’s direction
Measure Relative Humidity:Measure Relative Humidity:Sling PsychrometerSling Psychrometer• Measures relative humidityMeasures relative humidity
http://www.miamisci.org/hurricane/pshttp://www.miamisci.org/hurricane/psychrometer.htmlychrometer.html
• Relative humidity is the amount of Relative humidity is the amount of moisture in the air/divided by the moisture in the air/divided by the maximum amount the air can hold. maximum amount the air can hold.
• The higher the relative humidity is, The higher the relative humidity is, the more likely it is to rain. the more likely it is to rain.
Some Student WorkSome Student Work
Weather StationsWeather Stations• http://teacher.scholastic.com/activitiehttp://teacher.scholastic.com/activitie
s/wwatch/s/wwatch/• http://www.k12science.org/curriculuhttp://www.k12science.org/curriculu
m/weatherproj2/en/activity1.shtmlm/weatherproj2/en/activity1.shtml• http://http://
www.miamisci.org/hurricane/weatherwww.miamisci.org/hurricane/weatherstation.htmlstation.html
• http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/weather.htmhttp://www.cdli.ca/CITE/weather.htm#Tools#Tools
Recording & PredictingRecording & Predicting
Sample Station PlotSample Station Plot
Weather Observations ChartWeather Observations Chart
• Hand-out Hand-out
• On the web at On the web at http://www.learner.org/jnorth/weathehttp://www.learner.org/jnorth/weather/ObservationChart.html r/ObservationChart.html
• Tips on reading weather mapsTips on reading weather mapshttp://www.learner.org/jnorth/weather/http://www.learner.org/jnorth/weather/
ReadingMapsTips.html ReadingMapsTips.html
Electronic Desktop ProjectsElectronic Desktop Projects• For early gradesFor early grades
http://weathereye.kgan.com/cadet/forecast/actihttp://weathereye.kgan.com/cadet/forecast/activity.htmlvity.html
http://www.edheads.org/activities/weather/http://www.edheads.org/activities/weather/ http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/
wwatch/investigate/weather_maker.htm wwatch/investigate/weather_maker.htm http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/
wwatch/hurricanes/index.htm wwatch/hurricanes/index.htm
• For secondary gradesFor secondary grades http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/
science/virtual_labs/ES14/ES14.htmlscience/virtual_labs/ES14/ES14.html (have to create your own chart); see (have to create your own chart); see webquests, toowebquests, too
Exploring ResourcesExploring Resources
• Web page at wikipsaces.comWeb page at wikipsaces.com Technoed.wikispaces.comTechnoed.wikispaces.com (may be (may be
moved)moved)
• What can you use in your classroom?What can you use in your classroom?
• How can you apply this science How can you apply this science thread in your subject area?thread in your subject area?
Reflection and Share -outReflection and Share -out
• Written reflection or class activity Written reflection or class activity
oror
• Add a comment to the blogAdd a comment to the bloghttp://bronxdip.edublogs.orghttp://bronxdip.edublogs.org
More VideoMore Video
• National GeograhicNational Geograhichttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/video/player/environment/environment-natural-disasters/environment-natural-disasters/hurricanes/hurricane-ivan-hurricanes/hurricane-ivan-charlie.html charlie.html
ClosingClosing
• QuestionsQuestions
• EvaluationsEvaluations
• Check the Check the blogblog for these and more for these and more resources resources
Thanks for Coming!Thanks for Coming!
Lynne M. BaileyLynne M. BaileySTEM TrainerSTEM Trainer
[email protected]@nyit.edu