science technology and sustainability - department of ...rb/professional...
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Science , Technology and a Sustainable Future?
Rangan Banerjee Forbes Marshall Chair Professor
Department of Energy Science and Engineering IIT Bombay
Invited Talk Cathedral and John Connon School Inter-School Science Fair, August 23, 2014
Sustainable Development?
Is our present consumption and growth pattern sustainable? Can we continue this into the future?
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What is sustainable?
3 http://lowres.cartoonstock.com/animals-nature_calls-bear-bee-sustainable_resources-eats-bwjn88_low.jpg
What is sustainable Development?
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Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Brundtlant Report WCED 1987 Development without cheating our children
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
5 http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/graphics/lawdome.gif
Carbon Footprint
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blog.beliefnet.com http://www.iea.org/statistics/
16.94
16.28
15.37
9.28
7.27
7.06
5.92
2.07
1.41
0.28
0.13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
USA
Saudi Arabia
Canada
Japan
South Africa
UK
China
Brazil
India
Kenya
Nepal
GHG Emissions Tonnes CO2/capita - 2011
World Average
Carbon footprint calculator
7 Source: http://www.icicibank.com/html/en/go-green/Index.html
Carbon footprint calculator
8 http://www.tatapower.com/sustainability/carbon-footprint.aspx
Energy Use
Buildings and Energy Use
Electricity – Comfort Conditions
Transport – Private/ Mass Transit
Cooking
Indirect – Goods and Services - Industry
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Green Technologies?
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http://www.dilbert.com/
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Electricity
Solar Biomass Wind Geothermal
Space Cooling
Space Heating
Water Heating
Cooking Lighting
Appliances
Motive power Computing
http://64.243.182.248/includes/pv%20tutorial.pdf
Module Panel
Solar Photovoltaics
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Solar Lanterns
www.ariesindustries.net/products.htm www.tatabpsolar.com
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Solar Home Lighting
Solar Home Lighting
www.tatabpsolar.com
Solar Power Supply
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5 kWp Solar PV system at
Rajmachi village, Maharashtra
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CII-IBC Building - Hyderabad
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Building Integrated PV
http://www.iea-pvps-task2.org/
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1 MW Solar Plant – IIT Bombay
18 http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/education/20140128287038.htm
Wind Power systems
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http://www.AurovilleWindSystems.com
2 kW peak rating, weight 120 kg
Wind Hybrid Systems
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http://img.tradeindia.com/fp/1/571/660.jpg
http://www.zenithsolar.in/wind-solar-hybrid-system.htm
Solar Water Heating System
http://www.nrgtechnologists.com/images/DDIThostel12000lpd.JPG 21
Cooking with the Sun Box Cookers
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http://solarcooking.org/sbcdes.htm
http://www.i4at.org/surv/solarbox.htm
Solar Cooking Activity for students – EN 110
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“Awesome” Pizza Pasta Soupy Noodles
Popcorn Chocolate cake
Solar Cooking
http://gadhia-solar.com/products/community.htm
Double Community Cooker- Rishi Valley School
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Solar Cooking - kitchen
mnes.nic.in/solar-stcooker.htm
Solar Kitchen Rishi Valley
http://gadhia-solar.com
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Cooking with the Sun Concentrators
live.pege.org Balcony system
(Dhule: Ajay Chandak)
Solar Cooking
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZY6Lwn-BinE/T_TzmPC6NkI/AAAAAAAAfGQ/V5VDcvWzn-w/s400/ tirupati-solar-cooking.jpg
Rice Husk gasifier Cookstoves
28 Anderson, 2012
Biolite Stove
30 Source: GEA Chapter 10 http://www.biolitestove.com
Sampada Biomass Gasifier Stove
31 Source: www.arti-india.org/
Compact Biogas Plants
32 Source: www.arti-india.org/
1 m3 – digestor – 2 kg kitchen waste
0.5 m3 – digestor –1 kg kitchen waste
National Solar Thermal Power Facility – Consortium supported by MNRE and led by IIT Bombay
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Thermal Storage
Solar Field
Expansion Vessel
Heat Exchanger
Generator
Condenser
Turbine
Pump Pump
Cooling Water Circuit
Water/ Steam Loop
Thermic Oil Loop
CLFR Direct Steam
Schematic of 1 MW Solar Power Plant Simulator snapshot
Parabolic Trough Solar Field Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Field at Gwalpahari site
Consortium Members
KIE Solatherm
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User Interface: Main Window
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Electric Vehicle - Evo
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EVo 3.0 at Silverstone, UK 2014
Evo 1 Evo 2
200 kg, Top speed 100 kmph 60kW peak, LiPo battery 0-60 in 2.5s
TEAM SHUNYA SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2014
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House in Versailles – 26th June, 2014
Team Shunya
70 students 13 disciplines 12 faculty
Integration of traditional knowledge with modern simulations
2 bedrooms with modular furniture
Steel based prefab construction
Insulated wall panels for thermal comfort
Extensive daylighting provision
Synergy of Vastu Shastra and Passive Solar Architecture
Position 1st pref. 2nd pref.
Drawing and Dining Room
E N
Kitchen SE NW
Master Bedroom SW S
Kids Bedroom NW SW
Main Entrance NE E
Bathrooms NW W
House Architecture
Architectural Model of the
house
Using tubular sections of 91.5mm x 91.5mm x 3.6mm dimensions Fiber cement boards with glass wool insulation for walls and floor Saint Gobain dry wall system for internal walls
Structural design
House assembly process
Simulation and design
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Usual Non AC for Mumbai (54 kWh/m2-year) Usual AC for Mumbai (68 kWh/m2-year)
Energy saving opportunities
Energy efficiency opportunities exist as thermal and lighting loads high
Use of simulation tools for window sizing, insulation sizing, overhangs and daylighting
Load reduction by 65% (AC case) & 63% (non AC case) for Mumbai
Electrical Energy Balance
Generation-Consumption Profile for Competition Day 1, June 30th 2014
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Demand (Wh) Supply (Wh)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Pow
er i
n k
W
Feed in Grid Load PV
Generation Consumption Profile for the competition duration
Performance: • PV Supply = 281 kWh, Demand = 146 kWh • Net Energy Positive, 135 kWh in 12 days • Energy payback analysis% for PV = 2.4 years
Contest Criteria: Load Consumption per unit area Positive Electrical Energy Balance Temporary
Generation-Consumption Correlation
Maintaining Network Load State Managing Power Peaks
Sustainable (Green) Schools
Which is the most sustainable school in Mumbai?
How does your school rate on sustainability?
How would you decide?
What criteria would you use?
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Carbon Footprint?
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Standard Fan vs Efficient Fan
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Standard Fan Efficient Fan Power 70 W 35 W Price Rs 1300 Rs 2600 BLDC motor Life : 10years Sweep 1200 mm RPM – 350-400 Similar air delivery 230 m3/min
CFL vs LED
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Compact Fluorescent Lamp Light Emitting Diode Power 14 W 6W Price Rs 150 Rs 1200 Life : 8000 hours 30,000 hours Lumens/ W 50 120 Lumen output: 700 lumens
PV System
Module
Peak rating 125 W
Area: 1.01 m2
384 modules
4200 ft2
48 kW peak system
52 http://www.ablesolar.co.nz/images/products/solarpanels/BP3125.pdf
Solar System - Cathedral
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1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
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7000
8000
9000
10000
Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14
Mo
nth
ly E
lect
. kW
h
School Consumption
PV Generation
Electricity Bill data: Source Cathedral School
Feasibility of Solar Cathedral?
PV modules Rs 33 lakhs
Balance of system Rs 9 lakhs
Approx: Rs 42 lakhs
Annual saving 84,000 kWh Approx Rs 12.2 lakhs
Simple Payback Period ~ 3.5 years
Reduce Loads with – Energy Audit, Energy efficient lighting, Efficient Fans…
Structural Details, Load bearing Capacity, Agreement with BEST etc…
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Summing Up
Present consumption / development patterns unsustainable – energy, water, climate
Energy – Renewables, Efficiency – can reduce carbon footprint
Research – Nanotechnology, Artificial Photosynthesis
Innovation – Cost effective products, technology
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Acknowledgment
Balkrishna Surve, Rhythm Singh, Team Shunya
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Email: [email protected]
Thank you
People today destroy the nature on which our lives depend. They always think they can make something better. Especially scientists. They may be smart, but most don't understand the heart of nature. They only invent things that, in the end, make people unhappy. Yet they're so proud of their inventions. The most important things for human beings are clean air and clean water
Akira Kurosawa, Yume