Scientific Literature and Scientific Literature and Databases

Chemistry 199LNick Marshall

J 27th 2010January 27th, 2010

Q ti t C idQuestions to Consider

• When will I need to use outside references?references?

• Where should I go to find them?

• How do I assess whether or not they are viable for the assignment?viable for the assignment?

Chemistry 199L requires outside Chemistry 199L requires outside research for:

• Journal Club

Assignments #1 and #2• Assignments #1 and #2

• Special Topics Discussion

• Returning Student Assignments

Th Ch 199L “J l” Li tThe Chem 199L “Journal” List

• Access to scientific information at the non-technical level.

• Can be used for Journal Club.

• Gives background and scope to a paper.

• Assign#1 and Assign#2 require more Assign#1 and Assign#2 require more technical sources

N t PEER REVIEWED • Not PEER-REVIEWED sources.

What periodicals are on the “Journal” list?

Th J l Li t The Journal List

Not currently up

Peer-Reviewed Literature

• Technical information, for scientists in fieldDi l f h l l j l lk • Directly from scholarly journals, talks, etc.− Nature− ScienceScience− Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS)− Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

(PNAS)(PNAS)

• Authors undergo a REVIEW process• Requires thorough data and analysis• Requires thorough data and analysis• Requires that results can be authenticated

I l d li t f dditi l f f th • Includes a list of additional references for the reader

What is the “Review” process?1. Scientists do original research and write a paper

2. The authors submit the manuscript to a journal (JACS, PNAS)

3 The editors of the journal decide if the article is of sufficient quality 3. The editors of the journal decide if the article is of sufficient quality, impact and if the topic fits with the focus of the journal

4. If no, the article is “rejected”

If Yes, the article is sent to experts in the field for “review”

- Reviewers thoroughly analyze the data and claims in the paper to make sure that they are legitimatey g

- Recommend acceptance, rejection, or further experimentation

5. If the reviewers recommend acceptance, the scientific editors, dit fi / t dit i th grammar editors, figure/art editors review the paper

- Give authors a “galley proof” to be checked over

6. The paper gets published, maybe

Bottom Line: A “peer-reviewed” paper is checked by at least 10 expert scientists and editors multiple times before publication

Peer-Reviewed Literature

How to Find Peer-Reviewed Literature

•Multiple ways−Through the UIUC Library−PubMed−Web of Science−Scopus−ScifinderGoogle/Google Scholar−Google/Google Scholar

−Wikipedia

Finding Peer-Reviewed Literature

•UIUC library: www.library.illinois.edu

Easy to search f j lfor journals or books, not so easy to searcheasy to search by topic

Finding Peer-Reviewed Literatureg

•UIUC Biology library: www.library.illinois.edu/bix/gy y y

•UIUC Chemistry library: www library illinois edu/chx/www.library.illinois.edu/chx/

Via Database, such as PubMed

• PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Search by t i j ltopic, journal, authors, etc.

Via Database, such as PubMed,

P f l h i b t li it d di t t th f ll t t ti l-Powerful search engine, but limited direct access to the full text articles-Better access to medical or biochemical journals

Via Database, such as Scopus• Scopus:

www.scopus.com/search/form/authorFreeLookup.url

Via Database, such as Web of ScienceWeb of Science: • Web of Science: thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/web_of_science

Via database, such as SciFinder,• SciFinder: scifinder.cas.org/scifinder/login

Via database, such as SciFinderVia database, such as SciFinder

Via database, such as SciFinderVia database, such as SciFinder

Via database, such as SciFinderVia database, such as SciFinder

Via database, such as SciFinderVia database, such as SciFinder

-Relatively easy to refine your searches-Direct access to the full text of nearly every article

Things to Remember about SciFinder

• Limited Access− Limited number of people can be logged in at one time− Logs you out every 5 minutes if you are inactive− Everyone on campus who does scientific research uses

SciFinder− Usually not a problem to log on

• Must be on a computer with a UIUC IP address− Must be on campus− Can use the VPN client if off campus (CITES)

Summary- viable databases to find i d li peer-reviewed literature sources

• UIUC Library− Great for finding journals, hard to search on topic

• PubMed− Powerful search engine but can’t get all full text articlesPowerful search engine, but can t get all full text articles− Most useful for biochemical or medical topics

• Scopus and Web of Science− I’ve never used these− Require that you sign up

• SciFinder− Most powerful (in my opinion)− Can search by many categories− Easy to refine a searchy− Can directly access full text articles− Limited access and must be using a campus IP address

Bad Sources – Google Searchingg g

All l Too many to sift through

All are popular media or propaganda

NOT RELIABLE!!!NOT RELIABLE!!!

Shopping for f l ll ???fuel cells???

Counter Point – highly specific Google searchesGoogle searches

Primary literature source!!!

Sometimes you get lucky

Counter Point – Google Scholar

Counter Point – Google Scholar

-Much better than Google for searching for references-SciFinder and PubMed are much more useful in my opinion

Summary – Google searching

• Searches must be highly specific− Fuel cells using Laccase proteinsFuel cells using Laccase proteins

• Google Scholar is usefulThere are MUCH better search engines available − There are MUCH better search engines available though in my opinion

• Still have to be able to recognize reliable primary • Still have to be able to recognize reliable primary literature

Difficult or impossible without years of experience− Difficult or impossible without years of experience

• Bottom Line: “Googling” a topic is the EASIEST d i b d way to end up using a bad source or to

accidentally plagiarize!!!

Bad Sources – Wikipediap

WIKIPEDIA IS NOTWIKIPEDIA IS NOT

PRIMARY LITERATURE!!!PRIMARY LITERATURE!!!

Bad Sources – Wikipediap

Wikipedia is not peer reviewed b t i th fi ldby experts in the field

Counter Point – sources cited on Wiki diWikipedia

Summary - WikipediaSummary Wikipedia

• Wikipedia itself should NEVER be cited in any Wikipedia itself should NEVER be cited in any assignment

• Sometimes the contributors to Wikipedia cite Sometimes the contributors to Wikipedia cite reliable literature sources

• Still have to be able to recognize reliable primary Still have to be able to recognize reliable primary literature− Wikipedia contributors can cite whatever they want

• Bottom line: If you are careful, Wikipedia can serve as a primary literature search engine.− Like Google searching, it is easy to accidentally use bad

sources when you rely on Wikipedia

Summaryy

• Outside sources are required for many assignments Outside sources are required for many assignments in Chem 199L

Popular media articles can be used for journal • Popular media articles can be used for journal club and as non peer-reviewed sources

• Reliable (citable) sources must be Peer-Reviewedfrom reputable Scientific Journals

• You Must cite PEER-REVIEWED sources for certain assignmentsassignments

Summaryy

• Peer-reviewed journals can be found through j gsearching applications such as the university library, PubMed, Scifinder, Scopus, Web of y, , , p ,Science, etc.

• While Google and Wikipedia can be useful in some • While Google and Wikipedia can be useful in some cases, they should not be exclusively used to find primary literatureprimary literature− WIKIPEDIA ITSELF IS NOT A LEGITAMITE

REFERENCE!!!