scoping study: conservation of cultural and natural heritage in montenegro

British Council - Serbia and Montenegro

Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for SE Europe (CEHF-SEE)

CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE IN MONTENEGRO

S C O P I N G S T U D Y

Podgorica, 2004

British Council Serbia and Montenegro

Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)

Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro

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C O N T E N T S

1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

1.1.1. General information ... 5

1.1.2. Aims of the Study ... 6

1.1.3. Main areas of activities ... 7

1.1.4. Methods of information gathering and structure od the Study ...7

2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

2.1. Institutional system of heritage conservation

2.1.1. National cultural policy ...8

2.1.2. Legislation ...10

2.1.3. Valorisation of cultural heritage ...11

2.1.4. Institutional system ...12

− Characteristics

− Actors (responsibilities, organization, financing)

2.1.5. Questionnaire analysis and results ...17

2.1.6. SWOT analysis ...20

2.2. Local community government ...21

2.3. NGO sector

2.3.1. Development and role of nongovernmental organizations

in the area of cultural heritage ...23

2.3.2. Nongovernmental organizations acting in the field of

cultural heritage in Montenegro ...25

2.3.3. Questionnaire analysis and results ...27

2.4. Media ...31

2.5. Education ...34

2.6. Cultural tourism ...36




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2.7. Activities done so far ...37

2.8. Ongoing activities ...39

3. ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION ...42

4. IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICULAR PROJECTS ...47

4.1. Strategic Approach to Implementation of Projects ...50

5. REFERENCES ...51




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This study was developed upon the initiative of the British Council for Serbia and

Montenegro and for the purpose of the three-year project of the Cultural and

Environmental Heritage Fund in SE Europe.

A team of experts was formed, with years of experience in conservation of cultural

and environmental heritage in Montenegro. The team members were:

Ilija Lalošević, M.Sc., conservation adviser from the Regional Institute for the

Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor,

Katarina Nikolić, conservation architect from the Regional Institute for the

Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor,

Aleksandra Kapetanović, conservation architect from non-governmental

organization Expeditio.

During the period of June – July 2004, in cooperation with institutions and

nongovernmental organizations in Montenegro, the team obtained and analyzed the

data on organization, potential, lacks and needs of governmental and

nongovernmental sector in Montenegro dealing with cultural and environmental

heritage. Based on the data and analysis, a number of projects were proposed. Their

implementation should create a basis for the development and improvement of

conservation system in Montenegro.

During its development the Study was emphasised on cultural heritage. Particular

attention was paid to the accordance of these projects with the national cultural

policy and strategic goals of the British Council.

The Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro gave an important assistance to

the team. Feedback and cooperation of institutions and organizations were

significant.




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1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

1.1 General information

Montenegro is a country with large contrasts, where life of people and culture has

always been based on the respect of its traditional values and its heritage.

In geographical sense, the territory of about 14.000 km² consists of the area of high

hills on the North, mountains of Dinarian massif with the mountain climate in the

middle part and the coastal part of steep slopes of mountains Lovćen, Orjen and

Rumija, characterized by the Mediterranean climate. Total length of the coast is

about 300 km. It is a place where mountain and Mediterranean climate meet, and

was very favourable for occurrence of rare and endemic species of flora and fauna.

History of Montenegro is marked by the centuries-long battles for dominance over its

territory. Its location at the crossroads of civilizations of East and West implied good

conditions for the unique cultural and artistic expression influenced by the major

cultural movements that resulted in significant, rich and diverse heritage.

There are four National Parks in Montenegro (Durmitor, Lovćen, Lake Skadar and

Biogradska Gora) and two UNESCO World heritage sites (Kotor area and Durmitor).

In 1979, Montenegro was stroke by a severe earthquake that damaged or destroyed

a large part of its architectural heritage. Still, the earthquake gave a great impulse

for research, revalorization and renewal of the cultural heritage. This movement was

accompanied by an overall action of material, technical and expert assistance from

the country and abroad, especially from UNESCO. The assistance provided to the

devastated area created conditions for rehabilitation of a large part of the

architectural heritage, using new methodologies and technologies.

Relatively well preserved and in a great part intact nature represents a potential for

the development of all kinds of tourism, which is the most important part of the

economy of Montenegro. Still, uncontrolled urbanization, infrastructure and industrial

development are threats to the value, quality and survival of the rich cultural and

environmental heritage.

Despite the large number of monuments, the lack of understanding of their

importance is evident. It causes problems, at the following levels:




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− Public community, where the lack of care or an inappropriate usage cause

temporary or permanent damage to the natural resources and

movable/immovable heritage,

− Institutional system, where due to the lack of number and level of

education and training of the staff acting whether through the citizens’

services, scientific research, environment conservation or other, are unable to

timely perform all necessary activities.

Yet, growing awareness about the heritage as a potential for the development of the

society initiated numerous activities for additional education and experience,

especially upon the examples and with the assistance of international organizations.

The following text will give a detailed description of the main activities.

1.2. Aims of the Study

Aim of the Study is to perform an overall analysis and make an overview of the

system of conservation of cultural and natural heritage in Montenegro. Perceiving

this situation will enable identification of the potentials and weaknesses of the

system, as well as its needs. Considering recognised needs, existing capacities and

expected assistance, a number of projects will be proposed in accordance with

national strategy and British Council’s program. This study will also:

Provide an overview of ongoing activities,

• Analyse the potential for future activities,

• Create the project proposal of the activities, which should be undertaken by

the British Council, through the project of Cultural and Environmental Heritage

Fund in SE Europe.

The analysis does not include research related to the direct funding of the historical

buildings’ conservation.

The goal of the proposed projects is the realization of activities recognised as

solution of some actual problems, such as long-term promotion and education of

cultural and environmental heritage on all levels, from the local community to the

highest institutions of conservation on one, and from the primary and secondary

education to the university level, on the other side. So far, there were some similar

initiatives, but those were short-time activities, without expected results and effect.




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1.3. The main areas of activities

The object of the Study is the system of conservation of cultural and envirinmental

heritage, and the analysis relates to the following aspects:

• Legislation and national cultural policy

• The institutional system of conservation of cultural and envirinmental heritage

- Capacities (human resources, knowledge, technical and other equipment)

- Activities

• NGO sector

- Capacities (human resources, knowledge, technical and other equipment)

- Activities

• Public awareness about the importance of cultural heritage and its

contribution to the development of the society

• Involvement of the community and schools in cultural heritage work

• Cultural tourism.

1.4. Structure of the Study

Based on the data provided by the relevant ministries, governmental and

nongovernmental organizations and experts, through the form of questionnaire and

interviews, the Study has two parts:

• Assessment of the current situation (strength, weaknesses, potentials and

problems)

• Project proposal that will be implemented in period 2004–2006 to promote,

educate and train decision makers, experts, NGOs and community, if

approved.




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2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

2.1. Institutional system of conservation of cultural and environmental

heritage

2.1.1. National policy

As stated in the Ministry of Culture’s National report, Montenegro is still lacking in a

strategic document with clearly defined concept of the national cultural policy. Up to

ten years ago, the Ministry of Culture did not exist in Montenegro neither did any

other body capable of creation of the strategy, program and action plan of the

national cultural development. “The cultural policy dealt mostly with the daily

problems, in random and with lack of transparency in the decision making process

and in the distribution of the financial assistance”.

In 2003, as a part of the Council of Europe program of an overview of national

cultural policies (project MOSAIC I and II) an initiative was made for defining the

national cultural policy. Up to now, as a part of that project, the following activities

were realized:

− Creation of the National Report (September, 2003)

− Analyses and the report of the Council of Europe experts’ group (May, 2004)

− National debate about the national cultural policy (June, 2004)

The National report of cultural policy points out the necessity of replacement of the

existing, mostly old and exceeded legislation and necessity for a new one,

compatible with international standards. The national program for the area of culture

must be grounded in the Governmental strategic documents such as Strategy of

Economic Development, Spatial Planning, National Program for Higher Education,

Financial and Fiscal policy, etc. The main problem in the area of cultural activities is

funding: the scope of the budget and its distribution. The report also points out the

need of permanent re-education and additional education of the expert staff,

especially since in Montenegro there are no educational programs for whole set of

particular professional profiles such as archaeologist, ethnologist, anthropologist, art

historian, conservator, curator, etc. There is still a lack of an comprehensive

educational concept concerning conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.

Also, a need for provision of adequate working spaces for some institutions is

emphasized, as well as provision of improved and more complete technical-

technological equipment.




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National report was analyzed by an expert group of the Council of Europe, which

visited the Ministry of Culture and the institutions of culture in Montenegro in

December 2003. The experts’ group rated this report as “solid, and of great help as

it was open, particular and competent”. Remarks were related to the lack of the

statistic data, lack of transparency and untimely participation of relevant actors in

the development of this report. Also, this report is not dealing with the problem of

cultural tourism as the potential for the development.

National debate about the cultural policy in Montenegro was held in Podgorica, on

June 24-25, 2004. Participants at the debate were representatives of the

Government of Republic of Montenegro, local governments, nongovernmental

organizations, national experts and Council of Europe experts. It was based on the

Cultural Policy of Serbia and Montenegro, whose development was initiated in 2002,

as a part of the Council of Europe project Mosaic. It is aimed at cultural exchange

and cooperation between countries of Southeast Europe.

Participants made their comments on incompatibility of the National report with new

population consensus data, untimely information and lack of transparency during the

development of the report.

Basic topics of National debate were questions regarding cultural policy, cultural

tourism, transition of cultural institutions, culture in the market economy, etc.

Inadequate cooperation between ministries was one of conclusions, as well as lack

of financial support for cultural activities, lack of attention to the development of

international cooperation and the development of cultural tourism.

The participants pointed out a need for horizontal and vertical interaction. Horizontal

interaction, on the level of ministries, implies synchronization of activities of the

Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Environment Protection and

Spatial Planning.

Inter-ministerial cooperation is becoming more and more important tool for

communication between and within governments. In order to promote culture and

cultural values various ministries, public institutions, civic society and business

sector should work together.

Conservation and presentation of cultural and environmental heritage must be

treated as integrity, based on the approach established by international

organizations, mainly the Council of Europe. The ministries, governmental




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institutions, local government and nongovernmental organizations should work

together to achieve this goal.

Participants expressed a need for re-education and additional education as well as

connection with international partners.

As the cultural tourism is one of priorities of the Montenegrin Government, it is

important that tourism respect cultural heritage, as a resource of sustainable

development. International cooperation, cooperation with local authorities and

nongovernmental organizations active in the field of culture can help initiation of this

partnership.

One of conclusions of the National debate was that it should be a basis for creation

of a strategic platform for an integral approach to culture and its integrity with

science, education, tourism, urban development and planning, etc.

The National debate completed the MOSAIC project. Follow up is development of a

national strategy through one or more legal documents and undertaking steps to

implement that strategy through the short-term, middle term and long-term plans of

activities and projects.

2.1.2. Legislation

The oldest sources of monumental law in Montenegro originate from the Middle

Ages. The modern practice of treatment and care for the cultural heritage was

established in the second half of XIX century, with the following legal acts:

− 1868. – National Parliament of Principality of Montenegro proclaimed Financial

Reform which is considered to be the first legal act in Montenegro partially

related to the conservation of cultural heritage,

− 1896 – the Law about the Library and Museum of the Principality of Montenegro

was proclaimed,

− 1945 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments and natural rarities

was proclaimed,

− 1949 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments was proclaimed.

Acts that currently follow organisation and work of the cultural institutions were

mostly proclaimed during the 1990es; most of them were not changed since

1980es, while the law still not adequately regulates some activities (ex. underwater

archaeology). Currently, the following legal acts statutory protect cultural heritage in

Montenegro:




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− Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991),

− Law about the museum activities (1977, 1989),

− Law about the library activities (1977, 1989),

− Law about archive activities (1991, 1994),

− Law about rehabilitation and revitalization of old towns damaged in the

disastrous earthquake on April 15, 1979 (1984, 1986),

− Law about rehabilitation of the monumental area of Kotor (1991),

− Law about monuments, memorials and historic events and persons (1971,

1972, 1988),

− Rule about keeping the Inventory of protected cultural monuments (1992),

− Rule about conditions and work on the archaeological research and excavation

of cultural monuments (1992),

Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991) regulates the work

of the conservation service, on all levels, as well as jurisdiction, organization,

financing, activities and process of registration of cultural monuments. This Law

“regulates the system of conservation and usage of cultural monuments, realization

of the special social interest, rights and obligations of legal and physical subjects

related to the conservation of cultural monuments and organizing and income

generating for financing of institutions performing activities of conservation of cultural

monuments.” (Law about the conservation of cultural monuments, article 1.)

New Law about the protection of cultural heritage is in the process of

development. This law should correct lacks of the current law, such as the process

of proclamation of cultural monuments, adequate sanctioning of violations, care and

value of other categories beside cultural monuments (cultural landscape, vernacular

architecture, modern architecture, industrial architecture, intangible heritage),

process of financing and other issues. The new Law should be adopted during the

year 2005.

2.1.3. Valorisation of cultural heritage

The Law for conservation of cultural monuments (1991) statutory values cultural

heritage. This law defines three categories of monuments:

I category – monuments of universal value

II category – monuments of national value




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III category – monuments of local value

This law also regulates the process of proclamation of cultural monuments. It

establishes movable cultural monuments, and proclaims immovable cultural

monuments. Upon recommendation of an expert institution based on relevant

documentation, Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro reviews it in the period of

six months and proclaims the monument of culture. Based on the Act of

proclamation, Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments makes the

registration in Central Inventory of cultural monuments of Montenegro.

Central Inventory of protected cultural monuments was established in 1960.

Keeping of the Inventory is regulated by the Rule of keeping of the Inventory (1992).

Republic Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments keeps the Central

Inventory of cultural monuments on the territory of Republic of Montenegro. Regional

Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor keeps the Inventory of

cultural monuments for the region of the Boka Kotorska bay. Objects and items that

are suppositious to have elements of cultural monuments are previously protected in

accordance with the current law.

The lack of the existing law is that, beside monuments of traditional architecture and

art, it does not value any other category or attribute of cultural heritage such as

cultural landscape, buffer zone, complexes and objects of modern architecture,

industrial architecture and intangible heritage. It also does not consider the problem

of integrated conservation, risk preparedness, etc.

Due to the Parliament procedure, process of proclamation of a property as a cultural

monument is very long and slow. The last proclamation took place in 1994, and

since then 17 properties are waiting to get into procedure. Even they are not formally

established or proclaimed as monuments, conservation service, although without

enough legal support, interim treats them as protected cultural monuments.

2.1.4. Institutional system

Conservation service was officially established in 1948 when the Institute for

Conservation of Cultural Monuments and Rarities in Cetinje (today Republic Institute

for Protection of Cultural Monuments) was established. The first modern law in this

field was proclaimed in 1949. Today, currently valid Law for conservation of cultural

monuments from 1991 regulates work of the service.




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Based on the UNESCO Convention of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

(1972), and after inscription of Kotor area on the World Heritage List (1979), the

Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor was founded

(1980). Due to the high concentration and importance of monuments on territory of

Boka Kotorska bay, in 1992 this Institution became the Regional Institute for

Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor.

Republic Institute for Environment Protection, founded in 1961 and Museum of

Nature of Montenegro, founded in 1995, are dealing with protection of natural

heritage in Montenegro.

Beside above-mentioned Institutes directly responsible for conservation of movable

and immovable heritage, there are specialized institutions dealing with museum,

archive and library activities.

The supreme body is the Ministry of Culture, which directs, manages and

coordinates work of the whole system of conservation of cultural and environmental

heritage. Institutions for environment protection are under jurisdiction of this Ministry,

but also under Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment Protection.

The following scheme shows the organizational structure of the conservation

system. The following text explains in details its jurisdiction, work, financing and

activities. Please note that this plan relates only to Governmental institutions, yet,

there are numerous institutions such as museums, galleries etc. which run by the

local municipal government.




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Organization scheme of institutional system of conservation of cultural and

environmental heritage in Montenegro

Ministry of Culture

Ministry of Culture, as a body of the Government of Republic of Montenegro,

performs management activities related to the development and improvement of

culture and artistic activities. It provides material means for cultural activities, literary

and translation, music and theatre activity, fine arts and design, film production and

other audio-visual media, museum, library, theatre, publishing and cinematography

production, and conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.

As a part of conservation, preservation and presentation of cultural heritage, Ministry

of Culture presently finances and performs management monitoring over following

public institutions:

− Republic Institute for Conservation of Culture Monuments,

− Republic Institute for Protection of Nature,

− National Museum of Montenegro,

− State Archives,

MINISTRY OF CULTURE

Cultural and environmental

heritage

Cultural – artistic activity

Cultural – artistic associations

Protection of natural heritage

Archive activities

Archaeology Library activities

Museum activities

Conservation of cultural monuments

Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments

National Museum of Montenegro

State Archives of Montenegro

National Library «Djurđe

Crnojević»

Centre for Archaeological Research

of

Republic Institute for

Protection of Nature

Museum of Nature of

Montenegro

Regional Institute for

Conservation of Cultural

Monuments Kotor Maritime

Museum of Montenegro

Mausoleum

Petar II

Petrović

Njegoš




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− Central National Library Djurđe Crnojević,

− Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro,

− Regional Institute for Conservation of Culture Monuments Kotor,

− Maritime Museum of Montenegro,

− Museum of Nature of Montenegro,

− Mausoleum Petar II Petrović Njegoš

Ministry of Culture approves internal organization and systematization of working

places in institutions of culture, reviews and issues agreements on annual reports of

institutions, reviews and participates in creation of annual and long-term plans,

controls their realization and distributes funding according to priorities set up.

Ministry of Culture has a special role in the creation of amendments of existing laws

and other legal acts, as well as in realization of international cooperation.

Based on the systematization from July 29, 2003, Ministry of Culture has 23

employees within following four sectors:

− Sector for cultural and environmental heritage

− Sector for cultural – artistic activity

− Sector for media

− Sector for legal, financial and other affairs

Head of each sector is one of three Minister’s assistants, with exception for legal,

financial and general affairs, whose head is the Secretary of the Ministry of Culture.

Ministry is a Government funded body.

Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments

Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments was founded in 1948. It is

situated in Cetinje. The Institute is responsible for conservation of cultural

monuments on the territory of the Republic of Montenegro, with exception of

municipalities Kotor, Tivat and Herceg Novi. It defines the protection policy in the

Republic of Montenegro.

Activities of the Republic Institute involve conservation of movable and immovable

cultural monuments. Activities of legal protection and conservation of movable

cultural monuments are regular activities of the Institute and involve re-registration of

monuments, field recognition, documentation gathering and processing, issuing of

conservation conditions, work in ateliers for conservation of paper, textile, stone,




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ceramics, easel painting, fresco paintings and mosaics. The institute has 56

employees. It is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.

Republic institute for Protection of Nature

Republic institute for Protection of Nature was founded in 1961. It is situated in

Podgorica. Its activities are related to research and protection of natural monuments

of Republic of Montenegro. The institute has 18 employees and is Government

institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture. The Ministry of Environment

Protection or Ministry of Education and Science also provide funding for projects.

National Museum of Montenegro

National Museum of Montenegro was founded in 1992. It is situated in Cetinje. Its

main activity is related to exhibition of museum artefacts and to their systematic

research, preservation and presentation. It is a museum of the complex type. It

consists of five museum units:

− State Museum – Palace of King Nikola (memorial museum, founded in 1926),

− Njegoš’s Museum (memorial museum, founded in 1951, situated in Biljarda

building),

− Art Museum (specialized museum, founded in 1951, planned to be situated in

edifice of Serbian legation in Cetinje)

− Historic Museum (specialized museum, founded in 1951, situated in Region

House)

− Services and departments such as museum inventory and documentation

service, library – archive department, conservatory service, tourist service and

service of general affairs.

This institution has 125 employees and is a Government institution, funded through

the Ministry of Culture.

National Museum, along with regular activities, has programs of presentation

(exhibition, publishing, souvenir shop) and with marketing activities provides income

generating.




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State Archives of Montenegro

State Archives of Montenegro was founded in 1946. It is situated in Cetinje. Activities

of the State Archives imply preservation, usage, unison and protection of archive

material, as a common state and social wealth. Due to the priceless cultural

treasure held in the archive building, and its monumental quality the State Archive of

Montenegro is inscribed in the Inventory of protected monuments of culture. It is

Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.

Central National Library «Djurđe Crnojević»

Central Public Library «Đurđe Crnojević» was founded in 1946. It is situated in

Cetinje. Its library activities imply gathering, preservation, processing and usage of

books, brochures, magazines, newspapers, documents, musical pieces,

reproductions of paintings, drawings, posters, geographic maps and other material;

i.e. gathering, processing and providing information about the library material for

cultural, educational, pedagogical and other purpose, and promotion of economic,

scientific and technical development.

The biggest treasure of this institution is librarian fond of 1 450 000 library units. This

institution has 77 employees and is Government institution, funded through the

Ministry of Culture, and partially from membership fees.

Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro

Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro was found in 1961. It is situated

in Podgorica. It deals with all kinds of archaeological research in the field as well as

the documentation processing. It has three departments: Sector for archaeological

research, Sector for documentation and conservation and Sector for General, legal

and financial affairs. The Centre has 19 employees and is Government institution,

funded through the Ministry of Culture.

Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor

After the catastrophic earthquake in 1979, Kotor area was proclaimed as the

UNESCO World Heritage site. The Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural

Monuments Kotor was founded in 1980. In 1992, it was transformed to the Regional

Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, responsible for conservation

of cultural monuments in Boka Kotorska bay, i.e. municipalities Kotor, Tivat and




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Herceg Novi. Activities of the Regional Institute involve research and protection of

movable and immovable cultural monuments. This institution has 25 employees, and

is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture, and from its own

revenues.

Maritime museum of Montenegro

Maritime museum of Montenegro was founded in 1952. It is situated in the historic

town core of Kotor. Museum activities imply systematic research, gathering,

treasuring and presentation of museum objects related to the maritime tradition of

Montenegro. It is a specialized type of museum. Collections are systematized

according to its content and are of complex type. The Museum has 14 employees

and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture and partly

from its own revenues (tickets, renting, publications, souvenirs) and through

sponsorships.

Museum of Nature of Montenegro

Museum of Nature of Montenegro was founded in 1995. It is situated in Podgorica.

Activities imply systematic research, gathering, preservation and presentation of

exhibits. It is specialized type of museum. The Museum has 19 employees and is a

Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.

Mausoleum «Petar II Petrović Njegoš»

Mausoleum was founded in 1994. Activities imply protection and presentation of

Mausoleum of Petar II Petrović Njegoš one of the most important persons in the

history of Montenegro, as an historic and artistic monument of special importance

for the Republic of Montenegro. It has 14 employees and is a Government institution,

funded through the Ministry of Culture.

2.1.5. Results and analysis of questionnaire

For the purpose of obtaining and analysis of the data about governmental institutions

in the field of cultural and environmental heritage, a questionnaire was created. Aim

of the questionnaire was to gather data not obtainable from other sources or

databases, i.e. about the activities of institutions, their problems and suggestions for




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the future activities. The questionnaire was distributed by e-mail or fax to all

institutions under authority of the Ministry of Culture as well as local institutions.

Almost all institutions responded and sent the questionnaire back. The information

obtained through this questionnaire creates certain database. However, this

database is slightly incomplete since not all information was available. Upon this

information, an updated and more detailed database can be created and hence

even more useful if put on the Internet.

Beside general information about institutions, following categories were considered:

Number of employees – according to obtained data, in governmental institutions

in Montenegro there are 403 (+ Državni arhiv) employees of expert, administrative

and other staff. Those are experts with at least two years of university education or

Bach. degree in architecture, art history, archaeology, history, archive science,

ethnology, conservation and museum science, with adequate professional

qualifications such as adviser, senior conservator (senior curator, senior librarian)

conservator (curator, librarian). Other staffs are mostly technical with at least eight

years of primary education or at most four year of higher education such as artisans,

security workers, gardeners, cleaners, etc.

Number of employees in administration – it varies from 16% in institutions with

more than 50 employees up to 30 % in small institution.

The age structure of the professional staff

Years of work: 0 -10 - about 27 %

Years of work: 10 – 20 - about 31 %

Years of work: 20 – 30 - about 30 %

Years of work: over 30 - about 12 %

Number of trainees in last five years – it varies from 5 – 10% of the employee’s

number, with an exception of Museum of Nature of Montenegro that trained five

(25%) new professionals.

Education funding – almost all institutions provide some financial means for

different kinds of educations of their employees, from training on PC to professional

specialization in international organizations or foreign universities.

Technical equipment – most of the institutions lack in adequate technical

equipment, from PC to conservation tools or material.

Foreign languages – professionals in institutions understand, write or speak some

of the following foreign languages: English, Italian, Russian, French and German. The




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data does not include certificated proficiency, only personal statement of the contact

persons.

Technical skills – upon the obtained information 30% of the professional staff use

PCs and digital equipment in their work. Most of them use MS Word, Excel and

Internet Explorer. There are also professionals working with specialized software

applications such as AutoCAD, COBISS etc.

Membership in national associations – most of the professionals in institutions

are members of some of the following national professional associations:

− Society of architects,

− Society of archaeologists,

− Society of conservators,

− Society of librarians,

− Society of art historians

Cooperation with NGOs – almost all institutions have some kind of cooperation

with relevant national and international NGOs. Those activities range from providing

NGOs with necessary documentation to work on common projects.

Cooperation with University of Montenegro – almost all institutions have some

kind of cooperation with University of Montenegro. Those are mostly informal

activities from exchange of documentation to students' summer schools and

professional practice in institutions, experts working as lecturers on relevant

faculties, common projects etc. Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural

Monuments Kotor has a formal Contract of Cooperation with Civil Engineering

Faculty of University of Montenegro.

Cooperation with local government – all institutions work with local government

bodies. This cooperation was described as modest, routine and satisfactory.

Memberships in international associations – individual professionals in

institutions are members of relevant international organizations such as ICOMOS,

IUCN, IFLA, International ISSN Centre etc.

Cooperation with international organizations – institutions in Montenegro

cooperate with many international organizations in the field of cultural and

environmental heritage conservation through different activities such as projects,

regional cooperation, education, publishing etc. Some of them are as follows:

UNESCO, IUCN, ICOMOS, Council of Europe, Europa Nostra, British Council, French

Cultural Centre, ICCROM.




21

Raising awareness – there were no major actions on this subject so far. Yet, all

institutions have raising awareness of the public in the official description of their

activities. The related activities are mostly influencing the public through the media,

publications, exhibitions, lectures etc.

Public information – institutions inform public about their activities mostly through

media – in the first place through periodical reports, press conferences and daily

press announcements. Institutions do not use mailing lists, and most of them do not

have own web presentations. Information about some activities is presented through

the web site of Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Spatial

Planning, etc.

Presence In the media – information about cultural and natural heritage activities

are daily present in the media. Most of the answers in the questionnaire were that

that information was good. Yet, there are opinion that information in the media are

incomplete, selective and with political background.

Problems - regarding its urgency, seven general problems were ranged in the

following order:

1. Insufficient number of trained professional staff

2. Lack of information about latest achievements in the field of heritage

conservation

3. lack of adequate conditions for implementation of new technologies and

methodologies

4. Insufficient technical equipment

5. Lack of financial funds

Under the category of other problems, the following items were elaborated: general

disrespect of the laws, old and exceeded legislation, inadequate working conditions,

etc.




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2.1.6. SWOT analysis

Based on the gathered date and questionnaire analysis, a SWOT analysis of the

institutional conservation system was made, i.e. analysis through the following

categories: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

Ministries Institutions

Strength

Proclamation of laws

Creation of plans and programs

Setting up the priorities

Organization of conservation service

Allocation of funds

Initiation of international projects

Experience, human resources, documentation funds, operational activities insight of needs in the field

Weaknesses

Inadequate and old legislation

Insufficient number of trained staff

Lack of knowledge in new methodologies

inadequate cooperation between ministries

Old fashioned system of institutional organization

Insufficient number of professionally trained staff

Unbalanced age structure of employees (lack of young experts)

Unequal territorial distribution of institutions

Lack of technical equipment

Opportunities

Ability to influence changes of legislation

Initiation of international projects, grants and similar

Mobilization of young professionals

Affirmation of NGO

Training and information about international experiences

Possibility to organize, perform and supervise projects and conservation works

Education and introduction to international experiences

Possibility to mobilize citizens through cooperation with NGO

Threats Negative influence of political parties and business interests on cultural policy

Centralism

Age structure

Lack of professional employees

Difficult adoption of new methods and technologies

Lack of motivation

Negative impact of influence from political parties and business in the work of institutions




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2.2. Local government

In territorial and administrative organization, the Republic of Montenegro is divided

into 21 municipalities as a basic unit of local government, with political and

economic independence. Montenegro consists of three geographic regions:

Northern region (municipalities of Andrijevica, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Žabljak, Kolašin,

Mojkovac, Plav, Plužine, Pljevlja, Rožaje and Šavnik), Central region (municipalities of

Podgorica, Nikšić, Cetinje, Danilovgrad) and Southern region (municipalities of Bar,

Budva, Kotor, Tivat, Ulcinj, and Herceg Novi). These three regions do not have

appropriate organization of cultural and political life.

Upon the Maastricht Declaration, adopted by European Union in 1992, and by the

proclamation of the Law of the Local government in Montenegro in 2003, a principle

of “vertical subsidiary” was introduced in municipality organization. By these means,

administrative functions and tasks are assigned to the local government and

transferred to the higher levels only if they cannot be performed on that particular

one.

In the Republic of Montenegro, there are 357 (428)∗ immovable cultural monuments.

They are unequally distributed on its territory. The highest number of cultural

monuments is concentrated in municipalities of Kotor - 17.65% (31.31%)∗ and Cetinje

(15.41%). On the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, there are 33.60% (46.77%)∗ of all

immovable cultural monuments in Montenegro, and in the rest of it, there are

53.23%. Municipalities with the lowest number of monuments are Žabljak - 1 (0.28%)

and Mojkovac - 1 (0.28%), while on the territory under the authority of municipalities

of Andrijevica and Rožaje no immovable cultural monuments were registered.

Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor is responsible for

conservation of monuments on the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, which consists of

the area of the municipalities Kotor (with the World Heritage site of Kotor), Tivat and

Herceg Novi. The Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments in

Cetinje is responsible for conservation of monuments on the rest of the territory of

the Republic of Montenegro and carries out the conservation policy in the Republic.

∗ Data in the text were provided from the Central Inventory of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and the Inventory of the Regional Institute Kotor. Since the data in those two Inventories are not matching, both data are shown in the table. The coordination of the two Inventories is in the process.




24

“Local government should play an important role in conservation of cultural

monuments since they stand on the territory under its authority. Previous practice

shows that local government, regarding problems related to conservation, mostly

relies on the Governmental conservation institutions, so their role is not proportioned

with real needs. It is even more important in the case of municipalities that have

protected urban areas and historical nucleuses under its authority. The Law about

Local government from 2003 states that municipality creates and provides conditions

for protection of monuments and monumental areas of local importance.

1st category monuments

2nd category monuments

3rd category monuments

Total

Municipality

No. % No. % No. % No. %

1. ANDRIJEVICA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2. BAR 1 2.86 13 9.8 19 10.05 33 9.24

3. BERANE 1 2.86 2 1.5 2 1.06 5 1.4

4. BIJELO POLJE 2 5.72 3 2.26 1 0.53 6 1.68

5. BUDVA 1 2.86 15 11.28 10 5.3 26 7.28

6. DANILOVGRAD 0 0 2 1.5 8 4.23 10 2.8

7. ŽABLJAK 0 0 0 0 1 0.53 1 0.28

8. KOLAŠIN 1 2.86 0 0 2 1.06 3 0.84

10 28.6 30 22.56 23 12.17 63 17.65 9. KOTOR* (12) (31.57) (52) (32.76) (70) (30.17) (134) (31.31)

10. MOJKOVAC 0 0 1 0.75 0 0 1 0.28

11. NIKŠIĆ 1 2.86 10 7.5 14 7.41 25 7.00

12. PLAV 0 0 2 1.5 4 2.12 6 1.68

13. PLUŽINE 1 2.86 1 0.75 1 0.53 3 0.84

14. PLJEVLJA 2 5.72 4 3 0 0 6 1.68

15. PODGORICA 2 5.72 6 4.51 32 16.93 40 11.20

16. ROŽAJE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 3 2.26 7 3.70 10 2.8 17. TIVAT* (1) (2.63) (6) (3.78) (3) (1.30) (10) (2.30) 18.

ULCINJ 2 5.72 1 0.75 7 3.70 10 2.8 19.

HERCEG NOVI 1 2.86 17 12.78 29 15.34 47 13.16 20.

CETINJE 10 28.6 22 16.54 23 12.17 55 15.41 21.

ŠAVNIK 0 0 1 0.75 6 3.17 7 1.96

T O T A L 35 (38) 100 133(158) 100 189(232) 100 357(428) 100

List of registered immovable cultural monuments in municipalities in Montenegro

*Note: Data in the table were provided from the Inventory of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and the Inventory of the Regional Institute Kotor. Since the data in those two Inventories are not matching, both data are shown in the table. The coordination of the two Inventories is in the process.




25

The Law about Conservation of cultural monuments from 1991, states that a

municipality has obligation to take a good care of monuments on its territory, to

maintain, use and protect them from destructive influences of nature and human

acting, to make them available to the public and to provide funding for their regular

maintenance. During the development of urban plans, for the purpose of preservation

of urban, historical or ambient character of old towns and settlements, municipality is

obliged to provide a professional opinion of the Republic Institute for Conservation of

Cultural Monuments. The Law states that it is necessary to provide license for any

construction works on a monument, which can cause its changes. The licence can

be issued by the Republic Institute” or the Regional Institute. (Article 83; par. 5; Law

for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Republic of Montenegro).

Municipalities take care for cultural and environmental heritage through the

Departments for urban and construction affairs, cultural activities and activities

related to environment protection. Secretariat for cultural and natural heritage exists

only in the Municipality of Kotor.

Local government also establishes and financially support museums, libraries,

galleries and cultural centres of local importance situated on their territory.

For effective conservation of heritage, it would be useful to have an intensive

cooperation between bodies of the local government and state institutions, since

currently, that cooperation is insufficient and lacks in quality.

2.3. NGO Sector

2.3.1. Development and the role of nongovernmental organization in the

field of cultural heritage

An important element in the process of heritage conservation, beside an institutional

conservation system, is the participation of the civic society. Citizens’ involvement in

conservation of cultural and environmental heritage is mostly realised through the

nongovernmental, non-profit or volunteer organizations or associations. Those

organizations are not Government founded and through different activities without

any profit, they contribute to the overall welfare. Nongovernmental sector in

Montenegro, as it exists today, was initiated in 1999 when the Law about

Nongovernmental Organizations in Montenegro was proclaimed.




26

Yet, existence of nongovernmental organizations, active in the process of

conservation of cultural and environmental heritage, has its background way before

this law was adopted, and is related to the different societies and associations of

citizens.

Volunteer organizations, and those dealing with conservation of cultural heritage,

have been active since the mid XIX century (ex. The National Trust – England, The

Norwegian Association for Protection of Cultural Monuments).

Concerning our territory, first societies active in heritage protection (Association of

Serbian Slavs – later SAN in Belgrade, Association for Yugoslav history and antiques

in Zagreb) were founded in the middle of XIX century.

First associations of citizens were formed in the first half of 20th century. Those

organizations were involved in solving problems of heritage and protection of the

tradition of particular towns and places.

During 1920es in town of Herceg Novi, the Association for aesthetic improvement of

Herceg Novi and its surrounding -“Orjen” was very active. Concerning the town

historic and other values, this association had significantly contributed to its care and

arrangement. In 1924 it published a significant book “Herceg Novi – historic notes”,

by Tomo Popović.

In period 1930-1941 in town of Perast, the Association for improvement of town and

turnover of foreigners was active. The Association tried to make Perast attractive to

visitors and was active in arrangement of Perast and improvement of life conditions

in town. It arranged coast and beaches, planted decorative trees and bushes in the

town and conducted water into town from reservoir above the fortress.

Today, some very influential international nongovernmental organizations, such as

ICOMOS and Europa Nostra, exist in the World. They are important actors in the

international heritage conservation.

In the last few years, there was significant support and stimulation to involvement of

nongovernmental organizations in conservation of cultural and environmental

heritage and cooperation with Government institutions.

At the 4th European Minister’s Conference authorised for cultural heritage, held in

1996 in Helsinki, it was stressed that “role of volunteer organizations must be

promoted, used and supported more effectively, having in mind great contribution of

volunteer initiatives in building a democratic society”.




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At the following Conference, held in April 2001 in Portoroz, a “Declaration about role

of volunteer organizations in the field of cultural heritage” was proclaimed. The

Declaration points out that volunteer organizations must have opportunity to

participate in the decision-making processes, such as spatial planning and

valorisation of cultural properties. Field of work, where nongovernmental

organizations are acting, is complementary with those of state institutions, who are

still responsible for protection of cultural heritage.

Role of nongovernmental organizations in Montenegro is also recognised as

important one. Ministry of Culture took a stand, stated in National report from

December 2003, that process to establish partner relations between public, private

and third, i.e. NGO sector, must be stimulated.

At the press briefing, held on April 2004, on subject of “Projects of Ministry of Culture

of Republic of Montenegro in cooperation with Committee for culture of Council of

Europe”, the Minister of culture stated that the Ministry wants partnership with NGO

sector in order to promote volunteer work and strengthen role of nongovernmental

sector in cultural life of Montenegro.

After numerous meetings held in December 2003, organized with representatives of

institutions and nongovernmental organizations, in May 2004, an expert team of

Council of Europe submitted its report, stating, “NGOs and those working in them

deserve more trust. The Government should develop more positive and dynamic

relations towards NGOs active in culture”. The expert team also defined their

recommendations, clearly stating, “The role of NGOs should be empowered, while

volunteer work should be recognised and supported. Concerning the country

development, it is necessary to model civic society and sense of responsibility of

every citizen. The role of regional and local authorities should be empowered. It is

necessary to find a way for secure and stabile financing of work of regional and local

institutions, as well as nongovernmental organizations.”

2.3.2. NGOs active in the field of cultural heritage in Montenegro

According to the data provided by the Ministry of Justice, in Montenegro there are

about 2.650 registered nongovernmental organizations. Only 940 organizations, i.e.

35.4% are registered in the database that was used for the Study, created by the

Centre for Development of Nongovernmental Organizations (CRNVO).




28

Upon on the published and available data, no categorisation exists, regarding NGOs

working in the field of cultural and environmental heritage. In “The Directory of non-

profit organizations in Montenegro”, published by CRNVO in November 2002,

categories such as goals and implemented activities were introduced. It is possible,

upon these categories, to create a comprehensive image of nongovernmental

organizations active in the field of cultural and environmental heritage.

In the updated database from 2004, only the name of the organization and contact

are available. The following estimation is based upon these categories whether they

contain description of the organization’s activities, or upon our personal knowledge

about it.

Number of NGOs in CRNVO database

Area November

2002

June

2004

Heritage

June 04

1. Culture and art 118 161 59

2. Education and research 65 95 5

3. Environment protection 59 97 3 *

4. Humanitarian work 30 37 -

5. Socio-humanitarian problems 103 128 -

6. Youth and students 43 54 1

7. Creation and development of the local

community 52 68 12

8. Promotion and protection of business,

professional and vocational interests 57 93 11

9. Promotion, protection and improvement

of human rights and freedom 56 69 2

10. Legislation, advocacy and public policy 6 12 -

11. Promotion of culture of peace and non-

violence 11 15 2

12. Promotion and protection of women’s

human rights 37 40 -

13. Problems of IDPs and refugees 9 18 -

14. International activities 13 16 -

15. Other 27 37 9

TOTAL 686 940 104

11% or 104 organisations of 940 registered in the database, are somehow involved

in solving problems of cultural heritage (note: authors’ estimation). There are 97

organizations active in environmental protection. Most of them are involved in the

protection and promotion of environmental heritage through different activities.




29

Regarding cultural heritage, only three organizations were considered because their

names clearly show their field of work, aimed at some specific cultural-historic area.

A special group consists of nongovernmental organizations that cherish tradition

and national and local customs, as cultural-artistic associations, music and dance

groups, etc. In almost every municipality of Montenegro numerous cultural-artistic

associations are active. They are typical examples of organization and performance

of amateur creativity. In CRNVO database from June 2004, only 12 cultural-artistic

associations are registered. Some of those “traditional organizations” have special

status in certain municipalities. For example, in municipality Kotor there are three

traditional organizations: Bokelian Navy, Serbian singing society “Jedinstvo” and

Kotor town music, which are funded directly from the municipal budget, and not as

the rest of nongovernmental organizations through the public competition.

During the period of transition, many vocational associations were transformed into

nongovernmental organizations, mainly financially supported by the State.

2.3.3. Results of the questionnaire

During the process of the project proposal development, a questionnaire for NGOs

was created. The purpose of the questionnaire was to recognise active NGOs

dealing with cultural and environmental heritage, as well as to give an insight about

their goals, activities, problems and needs. The analysis of the questionnaire will be

entered in a forthcoming database and will be a base for defining activities of the

proposed project.

Distribution of the questionnaire

− The questionnaire and basic information about the Study were set up on web

site of NGO Expeditio www.expeditio.org

− Invitation to NGOs active in the conservation of cultural heritage was sent to the

following mailing lists: MANS (Network for Affirmation of Non-governmental

Sector) - about 400 organizations, CRNVO and Expeditio-RAC (Regional

Advocacy Centre) - 90 organizations. Five organizations replied.




30

− Individual e-mail massages, with the questionnaire and basic project

information, were sent to organizations that are known as active, i.e. 20

organisations. Five organizations replied.

− A certain number of questionnaires were distributed directly to NGO members

during seminars, lectures or in the office of NGO Expeditio.

− An invitation to NGOs was also broadcasted on 14 local radio stations and a

statement was given to the Radio 98.

Results and analysis

Nineteen NGOs answered the questionnaire. Bearing in mind there are about 100

NGOs active in conservation of heritage in Montenegro, this is about 18% of the total

number.

Territorial distribution – a great number of NGOs that replied to the questionnaire

(13 of them) were from the coastal region, 4 from Podgorica and only 2 working in

the northern region of Montenegro.

Year of founding – most of the organizations were founded in period 2000 – 2003,

i.e. those are new and young organizations. The exceptions are Cultural homeland

society “Napredak” from the village of Gornja Lastva, founded in 1975, and the

Serbian singing society “Jedinstvo”, founded in 1839.

Number of members – this number varies from 3 to 400, while the number of

actively involved members is usually smaller, average about 10. The half of

organizations’ members are conservation professionals. Number of volunteers is

rather high, in some cases all members are volunteers. Only two organizations have

the full time employed members.

Great number of nongovernmental organizations (9) have their own web sites.

Activities - Projects that were implemented by the above-mentioned organizations

were mostly:

− Presentation and popularization of heritage (16 organizations), Pointing out to

problems and potentials of cultural heritage (14) and Research and valorisation

of heritage (13)

− Cherishing of tradition (9), Protection, mountaineering, project design (8) and

Conservation, restoration and maintenance (6).




31

− Education about heritage (4), Management (2) and Cherishing of traditional

crafts (2).

Categories of implemented projects - Summer schools (of architecture,

palaeography, diplomacy and archivist), workshops (NGOs: Expeditio, “Napredak”,

“Notar”, Association for rehabilitation of monastery Podlastva, Godinje);

− Volunteer working camps of restoration – using traditional techniques and

materials, training volunteers and artisans (Expeditio, Society of friends of the

town of Perast);

− Volunteer cleaning and arrangements actions (Godinje, Expeditio);

− Brochures Publishing, setting up of information signs (Association of friends of

town Perast, Godinje);

− Experts’ meetings, conferences (Association for rehabilitation of monastery

Podlastva, Notar);

− Round tables, lectures (Association “Korijeni”, Notar, Expeditio);

− Exhibitions (Association of architects from Nikšić, Art club Kula, Napredak,

Expeditio);

− Publications, books, magazines, expert’s articles (Association for the archive

and history of Herzegovina, Institute for photography of Montenegro,

Association “Korijeni”, KGB – Creative Graphic Bureau, Napredak, Association

of Piva’s residents, Notar, Expeditio)

− Heritage presentation on WEB (Rastko - www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-bo,

Expeditio / travelogues - www.expeditio.org, Expeditio / Medieval towns of

Montenegro - www.gradovi.cg.yu) and presentation of organizations’ activities;

− Heritage presentation through the 3D modelling (Sarag multimedia);

− Popularization through media, lectures, etc. (Association for archives and

history of Herzegovina)

− Data gathering and creation of database (Institute for photography of

Montenegro, Expeditio, Association of Piva’s residents);

− Rehabilitation and preservation of traditional customs and events (Society of

friends of the town of Perast, Napredak);

− Concerts, literary events;

− Initiation and organization of cultural events (Napredak, Society of friends of the

town of Perast, Association of Piva’s residents)

− Initiation of concrete conservation-restoration works on cultural monuments

(Association for rehabilitation of monastery Podlastva, Gornja Lastva,

Association of Piva’s residents, Art club “Kula”);




32

− Initiatives for establishment of international cooperation (Notar)

− Participation at seminars, workshops, meeting in country and abroad (Notar,

Expeditio)

− Promotion of cultural tourism (KGB – Creative Graphic Bureau, Expeditio)

− Participation in the development of urban projects (Napredak, Expeditio)

− Painting colonies (Napredak)

Half of nongovernmental organizations provided data about their annual budget for

2003, which varied from 300 € to 33 500 €. Three organizations’ budget was more

than 10 000 €. Almost all organizations, up to now, have had local donors (14), and

less than half of them (7) have had international donors.

Cooperation – The cooperation between local NGOs active in cultural heritage

exists (10 organizations). Still, only three of them cooperate with international NGO

active in the field of cultural heritage. The cooperation with governmental institutions

is significant, while cooperation with local government is not that intensive. Only five

organizations are members of the network of organizations active in conservation of

cultural heritage, and four of them are members of Europa Nostra-e, the Pan

European organization for cultural heritage.

Media – Most of NGOs regularly inform public about their activities, mostly through

press releases, information in media, etc. Most of them are satisfied with

presentation of their activities.

All organizations agreed that citizens are not informed enough about values and

potentials of cultural and environmental heritage of Montenegro.

Communication, equipment – All organizations have members with knowledge of

foreign languages, English, Italian, Russian or French.

Most of the organizations possess basic technical equipment. A high number of their

members use computers in their work.

Training - About half of all the organizations are satisfied with available education

and training programs for NGOs. Still, there is a small number of organizations

whose members participate in trainings. Project proposal writing – nine participants;

Fund raising training – six participants; Management training– 6 participants; Public

Relation training – 3 participants; Public advocacy training - 2 participants.




33

Problems - Almost all organizations pointed out that lack of funding, i.e. donors (14)

is the basic problem in their work as well as insufficient cooperation with institutions

involved in the process of heritage conservation (14).

Another problem is lack of cooperation with other NGOs active in the process of

heritage conservation (12) and lack of technical equipment (12).

About half of them mentioned following issues as problems:

− lack of active members (10),

− lack of expertise and training of their members for activism in the NGO sector

(10)

− lack of cooperation with governmental bodies (Municipalities, Ministries) (10)

− lack of information about successful examples and models of NGO activism in

the field of cultural heritage (9).

Small number of organizations stated lack of knowledge about valid laws and

procedures in the current conservation system (5) and lack of heritage conservation

experts members (3).

Needs – concerning the most urgent needs in order to perform a quality work in

NGO sector, most of the organization pointed out the following issues:

− Connecting with other local NGOs and individual experts working in the field of

conservation in order to exchange experience;

− Introduction to the successful examples (local and foreign) of work in cultural

heritage;

− Training of staff for work in NGO sector;

− Introduction to the valid legal mechanisms;

− Introduction to organisation of conservation systems.

Potentials – Issues, where nongovernmental organizations can contribute the most

in the development of cultural heritage are as follows:

− Presentation and popularization of heritage (17);

− Research and valorisation of heritage (16);

− Pointing out of problems and potentials of cultural heritage (16).




34

Almost half of all organizations saw their participation in the heritage conservation

through education and training (8) through conservation, planning and project design

(8) and through practical conservation and restoration works and maintenance.

A small number of NGOs interviewed, is involved in preservation of tradition and

customs (7) and only two of them deal with traditional crafts.

Interviewed NGOs pointed out their efficiency, enthusiasm, interest in topic and

volunteer work as the greatest potential for their involvement in preservation of

cultural heritage.

2.4. MEDIA

Media has a very important role in presentation and promotion of the significance,

values and potentials of cultural and environmental heritage. Unfortunately, this

subject is not present enough, in the Montenegrin media.

There are about 350 registered media in Montenegro. One hundred fifteen media

are active. There are 45 printed media, 43 radio stations, 15 TV stations, 4 on-line

agencies and 1 news agency. Among them, 21% are public services, 31% are

companies’ ownership and 16% are run by NGOs. Companies are mostly owners of

radio stations, while NGOs run printed media. More than two thirds of journalists

have University education. Age structure of journalists is good as younger people are

prevailing. Among them 38% are between 25-35 years of age.

PRINTED MEDIA

Daily magazines

− Pobjeda – once a week has additional section for culture; daily has culture page

− Vijesti – daily has culture page (about 3, 5%)

Periodics

There are 21 magazines, while six of them has subjects related to the cultural and

environmental heritage (Arhivski zapisi – Journal for archival theory and practice;

Buzuku – Review for culture and society; Darovi kamenog mora – Journal for ecology,

tourism and healthy food; Gajret - Journal of citizens’ association for care of spiritual




35

and cultural heritage of Bosniacs in Montenegro; Grad – Journal for culture and city

themes of the Municipality of Danilovgrad)

Cultural periodicals

There are 13 magazines dealing with different aspects of culture and art, where only

one has heritage as the subject emphasized in its title - Almanah – magazine for

research, promotion and protection of cultural – historic heritage of Muslims-

Bosniacs.

ELECTRONIC MEDIA

TV stations

Upon the research performed by the Institute for Media of Montenegro, information

about watching of TV program in Montenegro are available. According to the

number of the audience and time of watching, following three TV stations have the

highest percentage of the public audience: TV IN, Radio Television of Montenegro

(RTVCG) and TV Pink.

Radio Television of Montenegro (RTVCG)

In the program of the Educational and Scientific Department there are some series

related to cultural heritage such as Škrinja, Riznica, Korjeni etc.

During the summer scheme, there are reruns, such as eight episodes of «Ljetopis

kulturne baštine Crne Gore».

This Department cooperates with the Department for Ecology, concerning programs

dealing with environmental heritage. There are four employees and seven associates

in this department.

There is also the Department for transmission of foreign programs. Importance of

the work of this Department is that they unlike satellite channels transmit

international programs with translation to the native language.

One of the main problems is the change of the financing policy for public services.

Now it is required to prepare a program, upon which the Budget finances are

allocated.




36

Local TV stations

TV IN – During the summer, it has not any program related to the subject.

MBC Television – Once in two weeks, there are 15-minutes documentary reports

related to the wide range of topics, occasionally to heritage. Once in two weeks in

the women magazine Ksenija there are topics related to the history. During the

summer, these programs are not running. There are five people working on their

production.

ELMAG Television – this television has two programs partly related to cultural and

environmental heritage, broadcasted once a month. Those are Kultura – Review of

cultural events, and Ars Antica – related to antiquities.

TV Nikšić – according to its program scheme, there is a program about science,

education and culture broadcasting once a week, but nothing particularly related to

heritage.

SKY SAT, Herceg Novi – according to its program scheme, once a week there is 10 –

15 minutes program Epoha related to the topics of cultural heritage.

Few times a year programs that promote environmental heritage are produced.

Production of these programs depends mostly on the personal engagement of the

author who writes screenplay, directs and shoots those programs.

Basic problem of the local TV stations is that they are self-financed, or partly

financed from municipalities' budgets. Thus, non-commercial programs are not

represented enough.

TV Pink – one TV station that has the most auditorium in Montenegro does not have

any program related to the subject of cultural and environmental heritage.

Radio stations

Radio Montenegro and local radio stations

Some local radio stations pay attention to promotion of authenticity of the local

environment and heritage. Radio Skala from Kotor has daily and weekly programs

related, among other themes, to cultural heritage of Boka Kotorska bay (local

language, customs, music, cuisine).




37

ON-LINE MEDIA

In Montenegro, there are three on-line media. They are as follows: - MN NEWS ON LINE www.mnnews.net

- MN TODAY www.mntoday.com

- PCNEN www.pcnen.cg.yu

None of these media has pages particularly related to cultural or environmental

heritage.

Satellite programs such as BBC, National Geographic, and Discovery channel are

available regularly to a great number of citizens of Montenegro. They have very

important role in promotion of international cultural and environmental heritage.

Some national and local TV stations transmit particular programs from international

TV Networks. Significant number of those programs is related to cultural and

environmental heritage.

In some parts of Montenegro, there is a possibility of watching foreign TV programs

such as RAI and HTV (Croatian Broadcasting Network) broadcasting programs

related to different aspects of their national and international cultural and natural

heritage.

2.5. Education

Due to the insufficient awareness on the values and importance of heritage there is

an inadequate presentation of national and local cultural heritage through the

educational system in Montenegro.

Primary education

Through 8 years of primary education, cultural heritage is studied through the

subject of History. Other activities, such as student’s excursion and visits, provide

schoolchildren with knowledge about cultural-historic monuments, national and local

history, culture and art.




38

Secondary education

In curriculum of secondary schools, there are no subjects related to cultural heritage.

In Gymnasium, through the subject of History of Art, students are informed about the

art history of the World, while information about the national art and heritage are

provided only upon teacher’s personal initiative. In other secondary schools situation

is even worse.

In Kotor Education Centre during the 1980es, there was a course for education of

conservation technicians called Conservation-restoration course.

During 1990es, in the same school, there was also a course about cultural heritage.

This course was organized in cooperation with Regional Institute for Conservation of

Cultural Monuments Kotor. Topics of these lectures covered different segments of

local cultural heritage.

In the current reform of the educational system, Ministry of Education and Science of

Montenegro is planning to introduce a new subject called Cultural heritage, for

curriculum of secondary Tourist schools.

Higher education

Faculty for Civil Engineering – Department for architecture

At the Department for Architecture on Faculty for Civil Engineering of University of

Montenegro, the subject such as Conservation of cultural heritage does not exist.

Heritage conservation is studied only as a part of the subject History of architecture.

Faculty of Tourism

At the Faculty of Tourism in Kotor there was an optional subject Cultural tourism, but

it was recently suspended. The subject of cultural heritage is taught only as a part of

some other subjects such as: Art history, Basics of tourism, Intercultural relations

and Tourist space arrangement and protection.

Faculty of Culturology

In Cetinje from 1981-1988 there was the Faculty of Culturology, that educated

conservation experts of different profiles such as wood, metal, stone, ceramics,

paper and textile conservators. In 1988, the Faculty was transformed in Academy of

Fine Arts of general course without any subject related to heritage or conservation

techniques.




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2.6. Cultural tourism

Cultural tourism is that form of tourism whose object is, among other aims, the

discovery of monuments and sites. It exerts on these last a very positive effect

insofar as it contributes - to satisfy its own ends - to their maintenance and

protection. This form of tourism justifies in fact the efforts that said maintenance and

protection demand of the human community because of the socio-cultural and

economic benefits, which they bestow, on all the populations concerned. (From the

1976 ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Tourism)

A positive development of an attitude of the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro

towards cultural tourism is shown through the development of the national Cultural

policy. In the 2003 National Report, not much attention was paid to it. After Council

of Europe experts’ team report and their suggestions, during the National Debate on

Cultural policy one day was reserved for the discussion on the subject of cultural

tourism.

Within the Adriatic – Ionian initiative the Ministry of Culture will initiate a project called

Cultural routes of Montenegrin coast, as a pilot project for cooperation with other

countries in the region.

A German Company DEG in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism developed the

Master Plan for the Development of Tourism in Montenegro until 2020. In this Plan

the main segments of the development of tourism were emphasized:

− Beach tourism, remains the most dominant aspect of tourism,

− Tourism for a target group that likes culture and travelling (the closest to

cultural tourism), and

− Sports, mountain and agro tourism.

The Ministry of Tourism initiated project of Promotion of the National cuisine, as a

good way of promotion of one aspect of the intangible heritage. In the Faculty of

Tourism in Kotor cultural tourism is not studied as a separate subject. There are

some initiatives to develop a postgraduate course with a subject on cultural tourism.

The most of NGOs active in the area of cultural and environmental heritage, among

other activities have promotion and care for heritage. It is one of the first steps in the

development of the national cultural tourism.

So far, different initiatives were initiated, such as: publishing of guides and brochures

about particular aspects of cultural heritage, WEB presentations, revival of traditional

festivities, etc.




40

Considering its universal value and attraction for the cultural tourists, more attention

should be paid to promotion of the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Montenegro.

2.7. ACTIVITIES DONE SO FAR

Due to noticeable lacks of existing conservation system the Ministry of Culture and

institutions under its authority initiated numerous activities aiming to overcome

existing problems through available legislative actions. During those activities,

significant assistance was provided by international organizations, institutions,

foundations and donors. Many expert teams analysed the values and state of

conservation of heritage in Montenegro as well as organisation of its conservation

systems. The activities initiated during the last few years have been considering the

following issues:

National policy

In 2003, as a part of the Council of Europe’s European Overview Program of National

Cultural Policies (project MOSAIC I and MOSAIC II), the work on defining the national

Cultural policy was initiated. Up to now, as a part of this project, the following

activities were realized:

− The National Report (September, 2003)

− Analysis and report of the expert team of the Council of Europe (May, 2004)

− National debate on the Cultural policy (June, 2004)

Detailed description of this project was given earlier in this text, section 2.1.1.

Education and training

In order to overcome the existing lack of information and knowledge on new

methodologies and technologies, the following activities were initiated:

Seminar: Reforms and management in culture, French Culture Centre, British

Council, ZAMTES (Budva - Paris – London, 2001)

Course: Integrated territorial and urban conservation - ITUC 03, ICCROM, 2003

Master: New technologies of valorisation and management of Mediterranean

heritage, Ravelo Italy, 2002-2003




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Data base of the movable monuments of culture

In March 2004, in Cetinje, the first database for movable monuments of culture in

Montenegro was presented. The project was initiated by the National Museum of

Montenegro. The original software was designed by local experts.

2.8. ONGOING ACTIVITIES

Proclamation of new laws

The new Law for Protection of Cultural Heritage, Law for Spatial Planning and other

laws are being developed during the ongoing process of proclamation of new laws in

Montenegro. During the development of the drafts of these laws, principles and

standards of European Union were respected. The experiences of the neighbouring

countries such as Slovenia and Croatia, but also others with similar problems such

as Republic of Ireland were analyzed and taken into consideration. Development of

drafts was supported by international institutions and organizations, such as Council

of Europe, UNDP and others.

Law of the Spatial Planning

During 2003 and 2004, numerous public hearings were held regarding the draft of

the Law of planning and space arrangement. UNDP, as a partner of the Government

of the Republic of Montenegro, in cooperation with Ministry for Environment

Protection and Spatial Planning, organized these public and experts’ hearings as its

contribution to the development of a quality law.

The first cycle of public hearings is finished. Beside these public hearings, organized

in every municipality in Montenegro, additional three regional expert hearings were

organized in Budva, Podgorica and Bijelo Polje. Expert hearings were intended

mainly for expert public, municipal departments for urbanism, private companies

involved in planning, design and construction, and for public companies, freelance

architects, urban planners, etc. It was aimed at obtaining an expert and constructive

input for the draft bill.




42

The second cycle of the public hearings was held in Podgorica, on July 9, 2004,

when comments on suggestions in the first cycle were given. Besides, opinions of

international experts about Draft bill were discussed. It is expected the Law to be

adopted by the end of year 2004.

Development of the Spatial plan

The Ministry of space arrangement and environment protection, with development of

new Law for planning and space arrangement, initiated the development of new

Spatial Plan for the Republic of Montenegro.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE – Regional program for cultural and natural heritage

of SE Europe 2003-2005

This project was initiated in 2003 by the Council of Europe and is being developed

through the next three components:

Component A: the Preliminary Technical Assessment of architectural and

archaeological heritage (PTA)

Component B: The Priority Intervention List (PIL)

Component C: A Pilot project for the local development

So far, components A and B have been implemented.

FORMEZ – Innovations and cohesion of the central and local administration

in the Balkan region

In accordance with expressed needs of Montenegro and articles of Italian law which

plans assistance to the Balkan region, Formez Centre from Italy, in cooperation with

Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, prepared a two year project with a goal to share

knowledge and experience to central and local institutions on the territory of the

Balkans.

The first project phase was a three-day seminar, held in Cetinje, July 7 – 10, 2004.

Participants were representatives of the Ministry of Culture, Government institutions

under the Ministry’s authority (Institutions for ocnservation of cultural monuments,

Institution for environment protection, museums, libraries, etc), and representatives

of nongovernmental sector. Beside the opportunity to see the organisation of the




43

conservation system in Italy, through legislation and administrative organization, all

participants had opportunity to elaborate problems they encounter daily while

working on heritage conservation in Montenegro. Key problems were lack of expert

staff, organization, legislation and financing.

ADRIATIC – IONIAN INITIATIVE

Adriatic – Ionian initiative (AII) was formed at the Conference for the Development

and Security of the Adriatic-Ionian region, held in Ancona, Italy, 19-20 May 2000.

Members of the AII are: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania,

Greece and Serbia and Montenegro.

Basic goal of AII is to achieve political and economic stability in the region through

cooperation in solving specific problems, promotion of sustainability economic

growth, environment protection and exchange of cultural heritage if countries from

the region.

Priorities of the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro during its chairmanship

period, 2004-2005.

- During the chairmanship period of Slovenia, all member countries made

agreement to create a mutual database about underwater archaeological sites.

Italia will present a model for the database. Considering that underwater area in

Montenegro has not jet been researched, during the chairmanship period of

Montenegro continuation of this initiative will be suggested. Beside the database,

it will be suggested to create mutual maps of flora and fauna.

- At the meeting in Portorož, March 2004, representative of Ministry of Culture of

Republic of Croatia expressed interest for cooperation on a joint research of

underwater archaeological area of Prevlaka. As a Republic Institution the Centre

for archaeological research of Montenegro will be involved in the project.

- We will promote the idea of integrated presentation of cultural and natural

heritage in function of cultural tourism. Since there are many monumental

remains from various past epochs and Montenegro’s greatest resource is its

untouched nature, it makes excellent potential for development of cultural

tourism. As one of priorities, creation of cultural paths and networks within

Adriatic-Ionic basin will be suggested. Question on conservation and promotion

of intangible heritage of this area will be suggested as a subproject.




44

- We will try to promote cooperation with the countries with similar language as

ours. Cooperation will consist of joint publication, printing and distribution of

books.

UNESCO – Application for the Participation program 2004-2005

Through the National Committee for cooperation with UNESCO, several Institutions

submitted application for assistance program through various projects related to

conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.

INTERREG

The INTERREG project was initiated in order to strengthen economic and social

cohession in Europian Union by promoting cross border (A), international (B) and

interregional (C) cooperation. Montenegro, in cooperation with an Italian partner,

local government of the Province of Ferrara has became a member of the project

IIIA – Adriatic Cross Border Programme.

Aim of this project is the development of a network of World Heritage sites in the

Adriatic region and their common promotion, definition of guidelines for

management and usage of heritage, exchange of experience, knowledge, methods,

technologies etc.

Project is funded by the European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF), as a part

of Structural Funds, and national partners as co-funder. Deadline for application is

2002-2006 and all activities are to be fully implemented until the end of 2008.




45

3. ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Based on the gathered data and its analysis several groups of problems were

identified. Those problems disable work and efficiency of the conservation service in

Montenegro. In the next chart, beside the identification of key problems, activities

and active participants are suggested, who would enable overcoming of problems.

NATIONAL STRATEGY

Problem Goal Activities Active participants

Proclamation of a formal document

Ministry of Culture Creation of the National Strategy for the development of cultural and environmental heritage

Implementation strategy Ministry of Culture

Strategy development through time defined plans and programs

Development of action plans Ministry of Culture, professional consultants

Active involvement of high number of respectful professionals

Ministry of Culture, University of Montenegro, international institutions, NGO

Lack of national program and strategy for the development of cultural and natural heritage To avoid negative

influence of interests from political parties, business, organizations and individuals

Monitoring of the development and implementation of the strategy

Independent expert body

LEGISLATIVE


Proclamation of quality and applicable laws based on EU standards

Including of an interdisciplinary team in development of laws

Ministry of Culture, team of experts

Analysis and supervision of the process of the evelopment and proclamation of laws

Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environment Protection and Spatial Arrangement, institutions, local government

Analysis and compatibility of existing laws

Ministry of Justice

Compatibility of all relevant laws (Law of heritage protection, of local self-government, of spatial planning, etc.)

Introduction of Codex of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage ( for ex. Italian Codicci)

Competent ministries of Government of Republic of Montenegro

Active participation of all actors

Ministries, local community, institutions, NGOs

Quality in implementation

Monitoring Group of experts

Lack or incompatibility of existing laws

Verification of staff’s professional qualification

Introduction of licences to work on culture monuments for professionals, craftsmen, NGOs (process of issuing, seizing and prolongation of licence)

Ministry of Culture, adequate expert body




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ORGANIZATION OF CONSERVATION SYSTEMS


Analysis of existing organization of the conservation system (efficiency, potentials, needs) Analyses of Rules of working relations and Rules of systematization and organization of working positions and similar

More effective conservation system

Reorganization of existing and introduction of new activities conditioned by needs of new systems organization and new technologies (program managers, administrators, PR person, etc.)

Ministry of Culture, independent professional consultants

Legal regulation of available ways of cooperation

Ministries

Public presentation of available ways of cooperation

Institutions, NGOs

Mutual project work and stimulation of such projects

Ministries, Institutions, NGOs

Better cooperation between active participants

Forming of network, associations

Institutions, NGOs

Adequate territorial allocation of activities

Activation, reorganization, associating existing active participants in the area of decreased activities

Citizens, NGOs

Incoherent and ineffective

conservation system

Separation of activities within professions

Forming of scientific – research, operational, administrative and other sectors and bodies

Ministries, institutions




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EDUCATION AND TRAINING


Education of new staff

Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Culture, University of Montenegro with international assistance

Provision of lacking professional staff

Additional education of existing staff

Local and international institutions, organizations and experts (ICCROM, IUCN, Universities, foundations, and similar.)

Program proposal for training of youth (primary and high school education)

Ministry of Education and Science, schools, NGOs

Development of the training program at University and introduction of subject of cultural and environmental heritage at faculties (architecture, construction, tourism, art academy, economy )

Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Culture, University, international and local experts

Development of the training and education program

Development of training program for craftsmen

Institutions, NGOs, specialized international organizations

Education of teaching staff

Program development for teaching staff

Ministry of Education and Science, University, specialized international organizations

Introduction and training in new technologies and methods of work

Introduction to successful examples

International and local experts and organization

Increase of number of trained staff

Training for craftsmen (courses, workshops)

International and local experts and organizations

Raising awareness through the involvement of subject of cultural and environmental heritage in primary and secondary education

Ministry of Education and Science, international and local experts, NGOs

Lack of professional staff Lack of knowledge Lack of possibilities to apply new technologies and methods

Involvement of youth

Motivation of volunteer activities (workshops, etc.)

Institutions, NGOs




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FINANCE


Analyses of usage, redefinition and activation of funds

Government, local community, independent expert bodies

Activation of existing financing mechanisms (taxes, contributions, funds and similar) Monitoring of usage

Independent bodies, NGOs

Self financing through provision of services and other activities related to basic function of institutions and organization

Institutions and organizations

Increase of non budgetary sources of financing

Using funds of local and international donors (foundations, grants, sponsorship, etc) and activation of emigration population

Government, institutions, international organizations, associations

Recognition of importance of cultural tourism in the development of Montenegro

Introduction of cultural tourism problems in local and regional strategies and actions plans

Ministry of tourism, Ministry of Culture, local and international experts

Mobilization and involvement of as large as possible number of participants

Government, institutions, business sector, NGOs, citizens

Improvement of cultural tourism in accordance with principles of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage

Legal regulation and motivation for founding of fundations, legacies, endowments, and similar

Government, relevant stake holders

Cooperation projects of interests for all parties Motivation for founding funds for cultural and natural heritage

Insufficient usage of existing and potential financial resources

Involvement of the private business sector

Motivation through tax and other privileges

Government, business sector, NGOs, citizens




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AWARENESS ABOUT VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE


Overall campaign of popularization of heritage

Involvement of the high number of participants

Recognition of values and importance of heritage

Work with youth through school programmes

Ministries, institutions, local communities, NGOs, media

Recognition of heritage as potential for development

Introduction to participants of possibilities to use heritage for economic development of the society

Local and international experts

Explanation of the conservation system organization to citizens

Explain to citizens about legal rights and obligations of all participants in the conservation system

Ministry of Culture, institutions, NGOs, media

Introduction with methods causing devastations

Lack of knowledge of value and importance of heritage

Prevention of heritage devastation

Introduction with methods preventing devastations

Institutions, expert, NGOs

4. IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS




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Concerning previous analysis of needs of conservation system in Montenegro and

program of British Council, here follow the reviews of individual projects related to

one of three suggested topics of this project – Training and education. This topic was

chosen because the analysis confirmed the opinion that the greatest lacks in the

work of conservation service in Montenegro are direct results of weaknesses in the

field of education on all levels, from local community and citizens, through NGOs to

the highest institutions of conservation service who are decision makers and define

cultural policy.

Project NATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR PROMOTION OF VALUES AND IMPORTANCE

OF CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE

Description and

importance

Lack of knowledge about the value of heritage, responsibilities toward heritage,

negative consequences of unprofessional acting, cause temporary or permanent

damage of movable or immovable heritage and natural resources. The goal of

this campaign is to make care for heritage a part of everyday life of all citizens in

Montenegro. Long-term action of popularization must involve citizens in the

process of conservation, and to help them to recognise ways for economic

prosperity through cultural and environmental heritage.

Sub projects /

activities

Design and broadcast of TV clip

TV programs

Exhibitions and other kinds of presentations

Public tribunes

Printed propaganda material (brochures, posters, fliers)

Billboards

Popularization through printed and on-line media

“Days of Cultural Heritage”

Target group Broad public

Implementers

A significant participation of the Government (Ministries, University, Institutions),

media, citizens, nongovernmental and private business sector is planned in

realization of this project

Period/Duration 3 years (during the whole project)

Scope of finance Larger part of available funds




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Project

CREATION OF THE DATABASE OF THE CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

HERITAGE CONSERVATION SYSTEM AND CONNECTION OF ALL ACTIVE

PARTICIPANTS

Description and

importance

Lack of connection between professional institutions; organization and

individuals has negative impact on conservation service because it disables

possibilities for mutual activities. The goal of this project is to provide an insight

in work of all institutions, organization and individuals, and to create possibility to

for the network of institutions and organizations, which will enable the system to

act more coherent and efficiently. The insight will be preformed by creation of a

database, which will be through internet, available to all active participants.

Sub projects /

activities

Creation of the database of relevant institutions

Creation of the database of experts

Creation of the database of NGOs active in area of cultural heritage

Design of the national web site of cultural heritage with all relative

participants, information, news

Period/Duration 1 year maximum

Sub projects /

activities

Starting up of mutual projects connecting all participants (mutual

presentations of specific segments of heritage, production of publications,

motivating of connecting through activities of craftsmen associations, etc.)

Target group Ministries, institutions, University, NGOs

Implementers Institutions, NGOs


Scope of finance Smaller part of available funding




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Project TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Description and

importance

Due to long years of isolation and economic situation when culture was at the

margin of social activities, there is a need for additional education of the existing

and employment of new staff in the conservation system. With additional

education, currently employed staff will be trained for work in new, modern

methods and technologies, and will be specialized for certain areas of heritage.

For better quality and efficiency of future experts, before founding the specialized

schools, faculties or departments, it is necessary to develop educational

programs and form quality teaching staff, especially at the University.

Sub projects /

activities

ADDITIONAL EDUCATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF

Short trainings by visiting British experts:

general (leadership, project proposal writing, finance management, public

relations - PR)

managing (decision makers, managers)

Specializations in Great Britain:

• practical specific training (conservators, restorers, custodians)

• master courses

• training of University’s teaching staff

EDUCATION OF OTHER PARTICIPANTS

Journalists

Religious organizations

NGOs

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROGRAM FOR YOUTH EDUCATION

Target group All active participants in system of protection (Ministries, institutions, NGOs,

media, religious organizations)

Implementers

A more frequent participation of experts from Great Britain is planned as a part of

this project. Education will be done through seminars, workshops, trainings,

specializations, professional excursions, etc.


Scope of finance Larger part of available funding




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4.1. Strategic approach to project implementation

For better implementation quality of proposed projects, beside British Council as

promoter and project implementer, it is necessary to include all relevant available

participants, from level of community and citizen participation up to the Government

level.

We also suggest founding of a coordination team that will organize, manage and

follow implementation of individual projects and activities. The team will consist of

five members; one of them will be representative of the British Council, two

representatives of Government Institutions for conservation of cultural and

environmental heritage and two representatives of nongovernmental sector.

4.2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROJECT




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5. REFERENCES

National Report of Cultural Policy of Montenegro, Ministry of Culture,

September 2003.

Council of Europe experts’ reports, May 2004.

Documentation of the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro

Directory of Non-profit Organizations in Montenegro, CRNVO, Podgorica

2002.

Overview of Local Nongovernmental Organizations (electronic database),

CRNVO, June 2004.

Book of Media in Montenegro, Media Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica

2002.

Book of contacts of Governmental/public Institutions in Montenegro, Media

Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica 2003.

NGO Directory, A Directory of Environmental Non-governmental Organisations

in Central and Eastern Europe, The Regional Environmental Centre for Central

and Eastern Europe (REC), Szentendre, Hungary 2001.

Quantity media analysis in Montenegro and professionals involved, Media

Institute of Montenegro, 2004

Public rating of television programs in Montenegro, Media Institute of

Montenegro, March 2004.

MASTER PLAN, Development of Tourism Strategy in Montenegro to 2002,

DEG, web site Ministry of Tourism of Montenegro and CD Regional Tourist

Master plans, DEG

WEB

Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro

www.ministarstvokulture.vlada.cg.yu

Ministry of Environmental Protection and Spatial Planning of the Republic of

Montenegro - www.mepp.vlada.cg.yu

Ministry of Tourism of Republic of Montenegro - www.mturizma.vlada.cg.yu




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∗

scoping study: conservation of cultural and natural heritage in montenegro

Documents

montenegro cultural

area of cultural heritage

field of cultural heritage

cultural tourism

environmental heritage

natural heritage

national cultural policy

conservation architect