scoping study for establishment of pilot project to...

Scoping Study for Establishment of Pilot Project to implement tractor-based road maintenance approaches in Zambia

Authors: Robert Petts & Kingstone Gongera AFCAP Project Reference Number: ZAM2059A

Assignment Report Volume 2, Annexes, April 2016

SCOPING STUDY FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF PILOT PROJECT TO IMPLEMENT TRACTOR-BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE APPROACHES IN ZAMBIA

Project Reference: ZAM2059A

The views in this document are those of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP), the Africa regional component (AFCAP), DFID or Cardno Emerging Markets (UK) Ltd for whom the document was prepared.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is a programme of research and knowledge dissemination funded by the UK government through the Department for International Development (DFID). AFCAP is promoting safe and sustainable rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing between participating countries and the wider community.

The authors would like to express appreciation to Eng. Joseph Goma and the RDA team who facilitated the organisation of the assignment and introductions to the stakeholders, and for the organisation of the two stakeholders’ workshops. The various stakeholders also contributed their time and knowledge to enable a comprehensive set of proposals to be made regarding coordinating, piloting, training, demonstration and uptake of tractor technology road works applications to be made. Cover Photo: Kingstone Gongera

Quality assurance and review table

Version Author(s) Reviewer(s) Date

Draft 1 Robert Petts & Kingstone Gongera

Thomson Banda; Senior Manager - Research and Development, RDA. Joseph Miti Goma; Principal Engineer - Materials, RDA. Nkululeko Leta; AFCAP Regional Technical Manager, East and Southern Africa.

February 2016

Draft 2 Robert Petts & Kingstone Gongera

As above March 2016

Final Robert Petts & Kingstone Gongera

As above April 2016

ReCAP Project Management Unit Cardno Emerging Market (UK) Ltd Oxford House, Oxford Road Thame OX9 2AH United Kingdom

VOLUME 2 - ANNEXES

CONTENTS

ANNEX 1 – Directory of Persons Consulted

ANNEX 2 – First Stakeholders’ Workshop Details and Presentations

- Workshop Programme, Photograph and Official Opening Speech

- Workshop Participants List

- Workshop Presentations

- Workshop Working Group Framework

- Workshop Working Group Outputs

ANNEX 3 – Photographs of Key Tractor Based Road Works Equipment

ANNEX 4 – Comparison of Heavy Equipment and Tractor Costs for Grading

ANNEX 5 – Cost estimates for the Tractor Training Demonstration Unit establishment

ANNEX 6 – Second Stakeholders’ Workshop Details and Presentations

- Workshop Programme

- Workshop Participants List

- Opening address – CEO RDA

- Workshop Presentations

- Participants Evaluation Summary

ANNEX 7 – TDU Coordination Committee

- Project Framework refined at first TDUCC meeting

- Minutes of First TDU Coordination Committee Meeting

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1

DIRECTORY OF PEOPLE MET DURING THE SCOPING STUDY IN ZAMBIA

NAME ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION EMAIL ADDRESS MOBILE NUMBER

Thomson Banda

RDA Senior Manager R&D

[email protected] 260211253088

Grace Mutembo

RDA Senior Manager Design


Musonda C Mwale

RDA Principal Engineer Development


George Jalata

RDA Quantity Surveyor


Jairos Mhango

RDA Senior Manager Maintenance


William Mulusa

RDA Director Maintenance


Elias Mwape

RDA Director Construction & Rehabilitation


Musonda Mwale

RDA Principal Engineer - Development


Joseph Goma

RDA Principal Engineer Research


Loyce Saili RDA Senior Manager Public Relations


Nkululeko Leta

AFCAP Regional Technical Manager, East and Southern Africa

[email protected] Roaming: +27 76 995 6241

Yohane Tembo

National Road Fund Agency

Manager PMGE [email protected] 260977888065

Stan Muwowo

TEVETA Training Manager

[email protected] -

Nkumbu Siame

Min of Local Government & Housing

Acting Director DHID


Charles Mushota

National Council for Construction

Executive Director


Alinani Msisya

National Road Fund Agency

Road Engineer [email protected] 260955822960

ANNEXES

Stanislaus Chitsakuta

Min of Agriculture

Deputy Director


Brian Ng’andu

Min of Agriculture

Economist [email protected] 260955772125

Milind Amin

SARO AGRO INDUSTRY

Snr Gen Manager


Jabes Mbewe

SARO Farm Machine Manager


Mavellous Choongo

SARO Sales 7service engineer


Dorothy Mulwila

Zambia Association of Women in Construction

President [email protected] 260211220647

Katuna Siyyanngwe

AFGRI Project Cordinator

ksafgri.com.zm 260966778010

Patrick Hanyumbu

AFGRI Sales Mechanisation


Gowri Shankar

Anantha Agro Manager [email protected]

Clotilda Mulonda

Standard Chartered Bank

Relationship Manager


Wise Sibindi

BHBW Finance Manager


Ivy Tembo BHBW Sales Administrator


Hennie Heyneke

BHBW Managing Director


James Luhana

MUSIKA Operations Manager Services


Siobhan Franklin

AgDevCo Country Manager


Rob Munro MUSIKA Director of Strategy


Peter Ge Camco Manager [email protected] 0971442864

Lawson Mushibwe

Camco Sales Consultant


ANNEXES

ANNEX 2 – FIRST STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP

Stakeholders Workshop - Scoping Study for Establishment of Pilot

Project to implement tractor-based road maintenance approaches

in Zambia

Venue: Southern Sun Ridgeway Hotel, Thursday 4th February 2016.

PROGRAMME

8.30 – 9.00 Registration & Refreshments

9.00 – 9.15 Official Opening, Mr K Mumba, Director & CEO RDA

9.15 – 9.25 Workshop Introduction – RDA

9.25 – 9.30 Introduction of Participants

9.30 – 9.45 AFCAP Introduction – Rob Petts

9.45 – 10.15 Zambian Rural Roads – Current Situation, Resources & Asset

Management Challenges – Kingstone Gongera

10.15 – 10.45 Rationale for Adoption of Tractor Technology – Rob Petts

10.45 – 11.15 Refreshments

11.15 – 11.45 Regional experience with Tractor Technology approaches –

Kingstone Gongera

11.45 – 12.15 Proposals for a Training-Demonstration Unit – Kingstone

Gongera

12.15 – 12.45 Complementary Initiatives & Identified Programme

Challenges to be addressed – Rob Petts

12.45 – 13.00 Briefing on Workshop Sessions

13.00 – 14.00 Lunch

14.00 – 15.00 Workshop Group Sessions

15.00 – 15.30 Workshop Group Feedback

15.45 Conclusions and Official Closure

Refreshments

ANNEXES

SCOPING STUDY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRACTOR-BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE

APPROACHES FOR RURAL (LOW VOLUME) ROADS IN ZAMBIA

Venue: Southern Sun Ridgeway Hotel, Thursday 4th February 2016

LUSAKA

WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

ANNEX 2

1

SCOPING STUDY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF

TRACTOR-BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE APPROACHES

FOR RURAL (LOW VOLUME) ROADS IN ZAMBIA

OPENING REMARKS BY RDA DIRECTOR CONSTRUCTION &

REHABILITATION, ENG. EMMANUEL KAUNDA - 4TH FEBRUARY, 2016

All Senior Government Officials present;

Representatives from the Zambia National Service (ZNS);

Representatives from Road Sector Agencies;

Representatives from Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP);

All Cooperating Partners present; and

Distinguished Invited Guests

I wish to welcome all the participants and the Consultant from AFCAP, Messrs

Intech Associates Consulting Engineers, to this workshop where the initial

findings of the scoping study for the establishment of tractor-based road

maintenance approaches for rural (low volume) roads in Zambia will be

discussed. The RDA wishes to thank AFCAP management for the positive

response to our call to join the research partnership programme which has led to

the implementation of projects like the scoping study for establishment of

tractor-based road maintenance approaches, a review of the development of

pavement design standards, standard drawings and geometric design standards

for Zambia. The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is a programme

of research and knowledge dissemination funded by the United Kingdom

ANNEX 2

2

Government though the Department for International Development (DFID).

AFCAP is promoting safe and sustainable rural access in Africa through research

and knowledge sharing between participating countries and the wider

community. Zambia formerly joined AFCAP in 2015 and is actively participating in

AFCAP research projects.

Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, you may wish to know that the Road

Development Agency launched the Road Maintenance Strategy in 2014, which

focuses on a sustainable maintenance regime through various strategies in

maintaining the Zambian road network. Therefore, findings from studies like this

one will help RDA to come up with cost effective and appropriate technologies

for undertaking various road maintenance activities for the various low volume

road classes. Ultimately, this will result in reduced travel times, reduced

operating costs and easy access to amenities and subsequently translate to an

improved economic status of remote parts of the country.

In that regard, the Government through the Zambia National Service (ZNS) is

embarking on a major programme of rehabilitating Primary Feeder roads

throughout the country which makes this initiative very timely for the consequent

maintenance of these roads. We thus, have been looking forward to this

workshop and I believe that the deliberations we will have today will yield

positive results that will cement our partnership in fostering the improvement of

the rural road network in Zambia.

Thank you all

ANNEX 2 - LIST OF FIRST STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

Musonda Mwale RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Nonde Musawa RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Joseph Goma RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Orleans M Chishibu

RDA TRAINEE ENGINEER P&[email protected]

Robert Petts AFCAP TEAM LEADER AFCAP

[email protected]

Kingstone Gongera

AFCAP AFCAP CONSULTANT [email protected]

Cornelius Kabwe RDA PR OFFICER [email protected]

Kambunho Oswald

RDA PR OFFICER [email protected]

Mrs Saili Loyce RDA PR OFFICER

Felix Mubanga RDA ENGINEER MAINTENACE

[email protected]

John Banda ALLIONE ENGINEER [email protected]

Ellie Muchenje RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Emmanuel Kaunda

RDA Acting C.E.O. [email protected]

Capt Humprey Ndalawa

ZNS Quantity Surveyor [email protected]

Kennedy Bowa TEVETA Curriculum dev manager

[email protected]

Treshford Kabwe N.C.C Asst Civil Engineer [email protected]

Danny Banda MLG&H SNR Engineer [email protected]

Changala Kanchule

MLG&H Snr Engineer [email protected]

D.A. Hachinene TEVETA Deputy Director [email protected]

John Kapenda RDA Snr Manager [email protected]

Geofrey Siwanzi RDA Engineer Quality [email protected]

Precious Chipika MTWSO STATISTICIAN [email protected]

Lt J Mulenga ZNS Project Engineer [email protected]

Lt Col. K Mukonka ZNS Soil Technician [email protected]

Alinani Msisya NRFA MPME [email protected]

Ernest Nsindawo N.C.C Training Manager [email protected]

Mbita Nanazwe NRFA M&E Assistant [email protected]

James Luhana MUSIKA Operations Manager [email protected]

Thomson Banda RDA Snr Manager R & D [email protected]

Kofi Anyang ANDOSA for ACEC

Managing Partner jkanyang@yahoo.

F Mchilwa ZNS O/C Workshops [email protected]

Libimba L.C. TEVETA Manager [email protected]

Saddock Chinyamuka

RDA

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:P&[email protected]










Stakeholders Workshop February 20161

.

Nkululeko Leta

Regional Technical Manager, East & Southern Africa

Brief Overview of AFCAP

Implementation of Tractor‐based Road Maintenance Approaches in Zambia

Presentation Outline

1. Introduction

2. Advocacy Initiatives

3. Description of Programme

4. Development of Local Research Capacity


1. Introduction: What is AFCAP?

• Knowledge and research programme for the rural transport sector in Africa.

• June 2008 to 2020 > Phase 2.

• DFID budget £32 million (low cost high impact).

• Rebranded as umbrella ReCAP: • AfCAP• AsCAP.

• 15 African countries directly participating in partnership.


1. Introduction (continued)

AFCAP process of initiation and dissemination of rural roads and transport services research into everyday good practice:


1. Introduction (continued)

AFCAP has:

Contributed to new knowledge in cost‐effective provision of Low Volume Roads

Enabled uptake of knowledge across 7 participating countries

Demonstrated the value of research

Raised profile of rural road research

Laid the foundation for institutionalisation of local & regional research and knowledge management.


Stages in uptake of innovations

S‐Curve illustrating phases of adoption of innovation (adapted from Rogers, 1983


Stakeholders Workshop February 20162

2. AFCAP advocacy initiatives (I)

Through the International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD):

– Raising awareness about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) formulation process with African governments (Ministries of Transport):

• Key message: Rural transport is a key enabler to achieve many of the SDGs.


2. AFCAP advocacy initiatives (II)

Through the Partnership for Sustainable Low‐Carbon Transport (SloCat)

– Influencing SDG deliberations at multi‐lateral level (in the formulation process, as well as implementation)

– Raising awareness about Rural Transport and LVR with multi‐lateral institutions

– Global Dialogue Process on Rural Transport.


3. Description of Programme Comprises a portfolio of research, demonstration,

advisory and training projects, initiated by partners

Building on a considerable body of research established over several decades in Africa on construction and maintenance of rural roads

Core participating countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, S Sudan, DRC, Zambia, Ghana, Mozambique, Uganda. Research projects were also carried out in South Africa and Nigeria

Development of sector knowledge base:http://www.research4cap.org/SitePages/Rural%20access%20library.aspx


3. Description of Programme (cont) Main beneficiaries are rural communities

Benefits include:

Safer and more reliable road transport;

Easier access to social services, markets and employment opportunities;

More efficient transport services leading to lower costs of transport

Paving low traffic rural roads has led to reduced dust, reduced maintenance burden and greater resilience to the effects of climate change.


4. Development of Local Research CapacityAFCAP Exit Strategy enhance capacity in participating countries to undertake their own research in

the road transport sector, and regional cooperation. assist countries to improve the management of their own knowledge base Adopt appropriate institutional models for each country:

Mozambique – initially setting up RRC within Roads Authority

Kenya – existing RRC under the Ministry of Transport & Infrastructure

Tanzania – RRC falls under PMO‐RALG

Ethiopia – semi‐autonomous RRC under Roads Authority

Zambia – semi‐autonomous RDU under the RDA.


Thank you

Thank youwww.research4cap.org

Join the AFCAP Group on LinkedIn


2. Zambia Road Network Context

Stakeholders Workshop February 2016 1

Implementation of Tractor‐based

Road Maintenance Approaches in Zambia

Zambia Road Network – Current and Historical Context

Workshop, Lusaka, Thursday 4 February 2016

1

IntechAssociatesCLANVIEW CIVILS

Zambia road network

•

2


Zambia road network

•

3


Zambia road network

• Large part of the road network was built in theearly 1960s following the independence ofZambia

• The economy was strong supported by copperrevenue

• The Kwacha was stable US$1 = 2 Kwacha

4


Zambia road network

• 1972 the Copper mines were nationalized

• Revenue declined

• World oil prices went up substantially

• Roads that had been constructed did notreceive maintenance and started todeteriorate.

5


Zambia road network

• Road condition survey done in 1995 revealedthat 95 % of the rural roads were in poorcondition

6




Zambia road network

• The RMI was initiated and the NRFA wasestablished

• RDA in 2002 was also established

• Govt directed that all the roads that had beenbuilt during the last 20 years be maintained

7


Zambia road network

• 2009 District Councils were given theresponsibility to look after rural feeder roadswith delegated Road Authority status from theRDA

8


Zambia road network• District Councils had limited capacity to

maintain the roads

• Procurement procedures for services took toolong

• Limited private sector capacity

9


Zambia road network• General lack of maintenance culture

• Low priority to maintenance work

• Lack of maintenance funding

• Use of inappropriate technology for rural roadmaintenance

10


Zambia road network• RDA developed the Road Maintenance Strategy

(2014 ‐2024)

• The strategy identified the weaknesses in thecurrent approach

• Govt launched the Primary Feeder RoadRehabilitation and Maintenance programme

11


Zambia road network• ZNS, RDA and the National Road Fund Agency

were given the responsibility to rehabilitate9991km of primary feeder roads in all theprovinces

12




Zambia road network• The success of the recently launched

programme will depend on:

– NRFA providing adequate funding for the programme

– RDA providing the necessary technical andmanagerial support required

– Z.N.S. receiving the necessary appropriateequipment and capacity building support

– N.C.C. providing in service training and support

– Private sector providing services to the sector

13


Zambia road network• Zambia needs to restore and preserve the

asset value of its road network which wasworth over US$1 billion in 1972 .

• What is the estimated value now?

• TIME TO ACT!!!

To avoid passing a serious liability to the next generation.

14


Zambia road network

15


Current funding deficit whole road sector

16


3. Rationale for Tractor Roadworks in Zambia


Rationale for Adoption of

Tractor Technology in Zambia


Images: Intech Associates

1

Intech AssociatesCLANVIEW CIVILS Intech

AssociatesCLANVIEW CIVILS

What is ‘Heavy Equipment’?

Sophisticated civil engineering equipment is designed for, and generally manufactured in, high‐wage, low‐investment‐charge economies for single function tasks.

It is expected to operate with close support and high annual utilisation. Usually designed for a single function with high efficiency operation.

Intech AssociatesCLANVIEW CIVILS

Why we use ‘Heavy Equipment’

Construction enterprises in most Emerging Economies use heavy equipment technology for main road construction because:

It is powerful (high productivity when working)

It is fast (work completed quickly, when serviceable)

Large road projects must be completed quickly to achieve the intended benefits for the large investments

However:

Main road construction works are very expensive

The case for using heavy equipment on rural roads and maintenance is much weaker.


Don’t base Low Income Country systems on USA

‘loads of money’ model !

Where resource costs are:

Operator: US$22/hour ++

Finance available: about 5 % per annum

High capital ‐ low finance cost approach?

We need to question the Suitability of ‘Technology Transfer’

& Capital Intensive approaches for many situations?

LIC Resource Mis‐match! For Rural Roads


Zambia Heavy Equipment Problems ‐ 1

Operational:

• Dedicated function (can only be used for one operation)

• Inter‐dependence (e.g. dozer, loader, trucks, motorgrader, bowser, roller all required for gravelling – fleet idle when ONE link in the chain breaks down)

• Lack of continuity of workload for plant items of dedicated function

• Usually based at locations remote from worksites – plant transporters required and long mobilization/demobilization distances involved

Technical:

• High pressure hydraulic and electronic systems

• Sophisticated mechanisms and hydraulics

• Disposable components; difficult to repair or refurbish


Zambia Heavy Equipment Problems ‐ 2

Local Support and Equipment Maintenance:

• Limited local market for equipment sales of each model

• Specialist repair and maintenance skills, tools and facilities required (often only available in Lusaka)

• Few dealers/workshops able to provide the necessary close support

• Long spares supply lines and delivery times

• Frequent model “improvements” causing spares stocking , procurement problems and obsolescence

Cost:

• All equipment and spares imported – consuming scarce foreign exchange

• High capital and finance costs, long ‘pay back’ period

• High costs of stocking and provision of spares

TYPICAL RESULT ‐ low availability & high overall costs!




We do not need so much Power!

Model


What is ‘Intermediate Equipment’?

Simple or intermediate equipment is designed for low initial and operating costs, durability and ease of maintenance and repair in the conditions typical of a limited‐resource environment, rather than for high theoretical efficiency.

It is preferable if the equipment can also be manufactured or fabricated locally.

Agricultural Tractors are a versatile example ‐ can be used for a wide range of tasks with locally fabricated attachments.


The Versatile 2 axle Agricultural Tractor

Agricultural Tractors are the simplest and cheapest mobile flexible power source

There are many road works applications for tractors that can boost cross‐sector utilization and profitability for owners


Towed Grading RequirementsRoutine (light) towed grading (‘little and often’)

70hp 2WD tractor

1-2 tonnes on grader axle

Heavy (rehabilitation) grading

100hp 4WD tractor

3-4 tonnes on grader axle

Plus

Water & compact

Therefore using 150hp motor graders is expensive ‘overkill’!


For the capital cost of ONE motor grader, FIVE Tractor units

with the same individual work capacity can be procured.

One Grader or 5 Tractor Units?

OR


Cut grading costs by more than 50%




Enables utilisation & owner income throughout the year.

One Power Source – Many Tasks


It is estimated that there are already over 4,000 agricultural tractors in the rural areas of Zambia with typical annual utilisation of only about 100 to 300 hours: GROSSLY UNDER‐UTILIZED!

We could provide owners with year round applications in the road sector to raise utilisation to viable levels and reduce unit costs and payback periods.

Tractors waiting to work


What did we use before motorgraders?

Main Roads everywhere, built before 1940s were constructed without motorgraders & modern heavy plant

Until 1955 the largest Caterpillar motorgrader was 100hp

1930s Caterpillar Towed Grader!

Road Sector - Agricultural Tractor Applications

Source: Petts, 2012, Handbook of Intermediate Equipment for Road Works in Emerging Economies.


Value for Money & Versatility:

InvestmentIntermediate v

Heavy Plant

Intech Associates


Developed countries: wage rate >US$200/day and credit <5%pa

This suggests capital intensive, labour saving approaches are most appropriate

Zambia: wage rate <US$30/day and ‘real’ credit >22%pa (credit quotas increase ‘market’ rates)

This suggests Low‐Capital (Capital saving), Low‐cost equipment, labour & local materials approaches are most appropriate for Rural Roads in Zambia.

Rationale ‐ Available Resources




CONCLUSIONS: Advantages of tractor based road rehabilitation & maintenance

Compared to heavy equipment for rural road works:

Substantially Lower capital costs (and reducing) Substantially Lower running costs Lower forex requirements Higher availability Lower skills requirements

‐ Operators‐ Mechanical

Flexibility and cross sector potential Possibilities for local fabrication More affordable for MSMEs (local contractors) & Councils Tractor technology widely established & supported More affordable and sustainable


Agricultural Tractor applications introduced into rural

roadworks will achieve a range of important benefits:

Many tasks will be achieved at less than HALF the cost

Deliver more work for the available road sector resources

Raise tractor owner’s annual utilisation and profitability

Improve rural access, sustainably

Lower transport costs and improve rural quality of life

Encourage other rural investments

Allow MSMEs to enter the market

Encourage local manufacture.

One Seed – 8 Harvests


Get Traction!



Thank you

Any Questions or Comments?

22


4. Regional Tractor Roadworks Experience





1


Regional experience with tractor based road maintenance technology

Zimbabwe implemented the tractor based maintenance system using

force account

2


Regional experience with tractor based road maintenance

The feeder road network was 25 000km of rural unpaved roads

3



• The road network was divided into units of150 – 200km

• Each unit had a tractor, towed grader, waterbowser, trailer and a set of tyre drags

• The unit operated from a base camp

4



5



6





7


•


8



Why was it successful?

9



FUNDING

Government was convinced of the importance of routine maintenance

Sufficient Funding for full routine maintenance was provided

10



TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

The use of appropriate low cost local resource based technology (regional equipment manufacturer and local labour)

Annual maintenance plan developed with unit staff

Routine maintenance cost = US$700/km/year in today’s prices.

11



Full details of the system, costs and reasons for success contained in this document

12





Mozambique used a similar tractor based approach, but using private small scale

contractors

13



Reason for success

Trained the local small scale contractors in tractor based road maintenance technology

14



Government provided support schemes for the acquisition of initial equipment

15



Consultants trained and mentored upcoming contractors

16



Mozambique government saw the importance of routine road maintenance of rural feeder roads and funded them adequately

17



Technology choice was based on low cost locally available appropriate tractor technology

18





Programme started in three Provinces and has expanded to cover 6 provinces out of the 8 and is working towards the

other 2 outstanding provinces

19



Results

Promoted SME growth, provided local employment, built local capacity

20



21


Experience in Kenya Tractors used in construction of 11 000km under RARP & MRP

4 No 100hp(75kW) 4WD tractors & towed graders rehabilitated 700km of road in 18 months

5tonne towed graders locally manufactured

Earth and gravel road rehabilitation rates were between 0.6 and 1.13 km/tractor‐grader/day

Rehabilitated earth roads trafficable 2 hours after rains due to effective camber and drainage (rainfall up to 2,000mm/year).

5. Training Demonstration Unit Proposals





1


Training - Demonstration

Unit Rural Road

MaintenanceConcept & Rationale

2


The Need• Universal lack of road maintenance performance

• No competent practical training or demonstration of affordable tractor based road maintenance and asset management good practice

• Result is widespread wastage of construction investments, prevalent poor rural road conditions; high transport costs and constraint to rural development & poverty alleviation

3


4


Applying Proven Knowledge

Stakeholder benefits

5


• Local community: networks in good condition; all-season access & lower transport costs

• Local administrators: management skills & income from presenting on courses

• Road authorities: affordable & effective local training services

Stakeholder benefits

6


• Private sector: affordable & effective local training services

• Nation/Region: basis for network asset management improvement; substantial economic & social benefits

• Transport Stakeholders: vital source of cost & practical operational knowledge

5. Training Demonstration Unit Proposals


Prerequisites

7


• Local political-institutional support• A local authority ready to cooperate

transparently• Available road maintenance budget income• Available funds for local training• Location accessible for participants

Prerequisites

8


• Workshop/training accommodation available nearby

• Network of up to 200km of unpaved roads suitable for maintenance unit approach

• Typical range of road environment conditions• Method of accreditation of course qualifications• System of sector recognition of accredited

training

Potential for Success

9


RDA – Advisory and functional established structuresNRFA – Steady revenue base from fuel levy and other

identified sourcesN.C.C. – Well established training facilities availableZ.N.S. – Established and decentralized through out the

countryTEVETA – Existing structures for accreditation of trainingMAL – Active cooperation on efficient utilisation of tractor

resourcesMLG – Policy and advisory

Technical Support

10


AFCAP – Zambia is among the countries benefitting from the partnership of the AFCAP support programme for research, training, dissemination and uptake initiatives

AFCAP ready to provide advisory and capacity development support.

6. Initiatives & Challenges to be addressed


Complementary Initiatives & Identified Programme Challenges to be addressed


1



Strategy for Improved Road Maintenance

Improving Rural Road

Maintenance

Tractor Technology


Initiatives Required

REDUCE MAINTENANCE LIABILITIES/BURDEN

Tackling Deficiencies at road construction and rehabilitation stage can substantially reduce maintenance liabilities, and improve effectiveness of resources:

Raise sunken road sections

Provide side drains and adequate turn outs

Provide adequate cross and relief culverts

Ensure culverts installed at CORRECT level, adjusting road alignment

Restrict carriageway width to standard

Ensure adequate camber (4‐6% on unpaved surfaces)

Ensure use of good quality surface materials (Earth and Gravel)

Provide erosion protection where required

Avoid dry weather grading without watering and compaction.



IMPROVE MAINTENANCE CAPACITY/PERFORMANCE

The main initiatives required to introduce and mainstream tractor technology in the roadworks and rural services sectors will include:

Procure demonstration and training equipment

Pilot the various tractor applications in Zambian conditions

Establish a District based demonstration unit of Good Practice

Develop and manage a range of tractor technology training courses

Develop appropriate registration arrangements for tractor based contractors



Create an ‘enabling environment’ for tractor based enterprises to survive and thrive

Develop effective awareness creation and dissemination materials and programmes

Mobilise improved levels of maintenance resources

Improve cooperation and generate joint benefits with the Agricultural sector

National Roll out programme for the tractor based approaches

These are discussed in this presentation ...........


Equipment Required

PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

The following tractor based technology equipment will be required to satisfy trials, field training in pilot district and mechanical workshop training purposes:

Routine Maintenance

2 No. 70hp 2WD agricultural tractors

2 No. 2 tonne towed graders (J Mann, Zimbabwe) – proven performance

2 No. 5 tonne 2 axle general purpose heavy duty trailers

2 No. 4,500 litre single axle water bowsers

10 No. tyre drags – locally fabricated

1 No. 3 point linkage ripper attachment – to be trialled




Equipment Required


Periodic Maintenance and Rehabilitation


2 No. 5 tonne towed graders (CMC, Kenya) – proven performance

2 No. 5 tonne towed graders (Rogue, RSA) – to be trialled

2 No. 5 tonne towed Pneumatic Tyred Rollers (PTR)



1 No. Trailed ripper attachment – to be trialled


Equipment Procurement

In view of common past problems of inappropriate procurement:

The equipment procurement and ownership arrangements need to be agreed

The responsibility for equipment management and maintenance needs to be agreed

Appropriate and rigorous procurement documentation needs to be prepared

If specific supplier items are not proven, they need to be reviewed and trialled in Zambia (e.g. RSA towed grader)

It must be clearly stated that supplied equipment is NEW and not USED

Procured equipment needs to be inspected for compliance.


Pilot the various tractor applications

We need to pilot the range of tractor based routine and periodic maintenance activities in the Zambian environment to:

Confirm equipment capability in the local environment

Determine benchmark daily output/productivity Norms

Determine benchmark unit costs in the local environment

Establish benchmark hire rates for equipment in the local environment (both wet and dry rates)

Compare to heavy equipment methods and demonstrate the cost savings

The cost rates will need to be in a format that they can be easily updated for current fuel, labour, new price and interest rate costs, for sustainable application into the future.


District based demonstration unit

A district needs to be selected for establishing a demonstration system of good practice tractor based roadworks.

A suitable district should have sufficient funding allocated to them for core network maintenance and ideally:

Have Councillors committed to, and ready to ‘champion’, the tractor technology approach

Agree to open data accessibility and management regarding all aspects of the road maintenance and equipment funding and operations

Be within easy travelling distance of Lusaka (training base)

Be responsible for the care and maintenance of any equipment assigned

Have arrangements to hire in tractors locally if required

Be ready to agree a commitment to continue with the tractor demonstration unit activities for a renewable rolling forward period of time.


What Courses will be required? ‐ 1

It is envisaged that the following new or adapted courses will be required to operationalise and mainstream tractor technology for the road and rural services sectors (approximate participant numbers are indicated based on 40,000km coverage):

Road Asset Managers (Provincial/HQ level) 10 every 3 years

Road Asset Coordinators (District level) 40 every year

Road Foremen 40 every year

Road Supervisors/Overseers 80 every year

Tractor Operators/Drivers 80 every year

Towed Grader Operator 80 every year



Continued:

Mechanical Artisan 40 every year

Tractor Mechanic 20 every year

Admin/Clerical Staff 40 every year

Tractor Owner Business Skills 80 every year

Roads Decision Makers (Councillors/Engineers/Consultants) 80 every year

Agricultural Extension Officers (particularly drainage & contouring) 160 every year

Other?




Who will manage the training?

What will the roles of TEVETA, NCC, ZNS, others, be with regard to?:

Review of existing courses regarding tractor technology adaption

Develop new courses, curricula and training materials

Accredit training courses

Train Trainers

Manage classroom training

Manage field training

There is potential for international courses, status and income, if Zambia takes the regional lead in this initiative.


Registration ‐ tractor based contractors

Registration of tractors based contractors should be reviewed

Accessibility to the 20% sub‐contracting criteria

Training course accreditation criteria

Whether equipment needs to be owned or can be hired in


‘Enabling Environment’ for Tractor SMEs

Arrangements need to be reviewed to create an ‘enabling environment’ for tractor based enterprises to survive and thrive

Guaranteed access to certain categories of work

Access to benchmark costing data

Appropriate contract documentation and arrangements for the range of works

Adequate arrangements in contracts for cost escalation

Payments on time arrangements


Awareness creation and dissemination

Tractor technology applications will in effect be a new approach in Zambia. It will be vital to arrange for a programme of awareness creation and dissemination to encourage uptake and ‘embedment’

Publicity material

Politicians and Decision makers briefing

Media campaign

Educational materials

Posters at District level in local languages

Video programmes for TV and decision makers waiting rooms



Briefing materials for decision makers such as:

A similar publication on tractor technology is required

http://afcap.org/Library/PIARC‐Global‐2004‐Save+Your+Country's+Roads+K+E‐PIARC‐v040922.pdf


Mobilise Maintenance Resources

It is clear that the current level of maintenance resourcing is grossly inadequate and that the network asset value is continuing to waste.

Introduce simple but appropriate asset management systems at district level, including inventory and condition data

Reward good asset management with increased allocations

Demonstrate to decision makers that 3‐5% of the asset value spent each year on maintenance prevents more than 20% annual loss in asset value

Encourage the commercial sector to recognize good asset management through publicity and awards.




Agricultural Sector Cooperation

Tractor resources will be a common benefit to the road and agricultural sector nationwide

Increased tractor utilisation will have substantial benefits to both sectors and the rural population

It will be important to improve the understanding, knowledge sharing and cooperation between the sectors


National Roll Out

While the initiatives discussed in this workshop are agreed and implemented, preparations for national rollout will be required:

National policy and strategy on tractor based road works

Develop Asset Management Culture

Adequate budget allocation for the various tractor initiatives

Future budget allocations for a national programme of roll out

And finally, last but not least:

Identify ‘Champions’ to lead and drive the roll out.


Partnership

And Really Finally:

Who are the Stakeholder Partners?

What will their responsibilities be?

What can they bring to this initiative?

The initiative must be locally driven to ensure sustainability.

Bear in mind that AFCAP is there to support, but not to provide ‘hardware’.

Complementary Initiatives & Identified Programme Challenges to be addressed

Thank you


22


7. Workgroup Topics for Discussion



Working Group Action Plans


WORKING GROUP 1 ‐ EQUIPMENT

Do you agree with the Tractor Equipment proposals?

What are the options for the Equipment Procurement for the initial Tractor Training and Demonstration functions?

Who will prepare documents and Procure the equipment?

Who will be responsible for equipment management and care?

Who should arrange the equipment pilot/performance trials?

What support would you request from AFCAP regarding Equipment and trials?

Any other issues?

Four Topics Require Action Plans


WORKING GROUP 2 ‐ TRAINING

Do you agree with the range of training envisaged?

Who will carry out the training envisaged?

Who will accredit the training?

Who will review the existing curricula and training materials?

Who will develop the tractor base curricula and materials?

Where should the field training be done? Candidate Pilot Districts?

What support would you request from AFCAP regarding training issues?

Any other issues?



WORKING GROUP 3 ‐ CONTRACT ARRANGEMENTS

Do the current registration, categorisation and contracts arrangements for works on Feeder Roads need to be revised to encourage tractor based approaches?

How do we accommodate national policy on involving women and disadvantaged groups?

Should we encourage tractor hire to and from the District Councils? How?

Is there any initiative that could be taken to overcome the shortage and expense of credit for MSMEs?

What support would you request from AFCAP on contracting?

Any other issues?



WORKING GROUP 4 ‐ IMPROVED FUNDS MOBILISATION FOR MAINTENANCE OF FEEDER ROADS

How can we introduce an Asset Management Culture for Feeder Roads?

How can we mobilise more resources for Feeder Road Maintenance?

How can we convince decision makers of the vital importance and cost effectiveness of rural road maintenance?

What support would you request from AFCAP regarding funds mobilisation?

Any other issues?



Elect somebody to chair the Working Group

Elect somebody to present the group findings

Discuss and Answer the questions posed

Discuss any other important issues?

Present to the Plenary

Workgroup Tasks

ANNEX 2

Scoping Study for Establishment of Pilot Project to implement tractor-based road maintenance

approaches in Zambia

STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP – WORKING GROUP OUTPUTS

Group 1 (EQUIPMENT)

A) Do you agree with the Tractor Equipment proposals, (Yes )

Easy to mobilise

Capital costs is low

Less skills required (i.e. operators and mechanics )

B) What are the options for the Equipment procurement for the initial tractor training and

demonstration functions

Options

Use available tractors from RDA, NCC and ZNS

Hire tractors from local farmers

Attachments to be procured by either RDA, ZNS, NCC and LCC, MLGH

o CDF Ward funds

o RDA under R & D budgets

o ZNS

C) Who will prepare document and procure the equipment

- Documentation to be prepared by RDA (specifications and TORs)

- Procurement to be done by respective procurement units

D) Who wiil be responsible for equipment management and care

-End user – Councils/ZNS

E) Who should arrange the equipment pilot/performance trials?

-RDA

F) What support should you request from AFCAP regarding equipment trials?

-Coming up with specifications

Recommend sources of attachments

Preparation of training materials

Sensitisation and awareness to include study tours

G) Any other business

-Adequate funding will be required for piloting and large scale implementation

Investigate local manufacture

Development unit at UNZA

Investigate other institutions

GROUP 2 (TRAINING)

1. Do you agree with the range of training envisaged?

-Yes comprehensive and covers all aspects of training

2. Who will carry out the training envisaged

-Teveta trade schools, NCC and relevant training institutions (universities)

3. Who will accredit the training

-Teveta will accredit

4. Who will review the existing curricula and training materials

-Road sector stakeholders.

a. RDA, NCC, LRA, under guidance of TEVETA.

5. Who will develop the tractor base curricula and materials?

-As in 4

6. Where the field training should be done? Candidate pilot

-Field training Chongwe or Chibombo, proximity to agriculture activity, enough road

networks

7. What support should you request from AFCAP regarding training issues

Help in the following;

Curriculum development

Training materials/ aids dev.

8) Other issues

Training key for success of project

Benchmarking where similar projects has succeeded

GROUP 3 (CONTRACTING ARRANGEMENTS)

A) Do the current Registration, categorisation and contracts.

-Use of OPRCs small scale contractors

B) How do we accommodate national policy on involving women and disadvantaged

groups

-Use of preferential procurements by way of reserved schemes

C) Yes, councils to register potential local suppliers

Council to intimate ownership of tractors

D) What support you request from AFCAP?

-Training and capacity building in financial maintenance

-CEEC loans

-Client facilitated credit facilities

E) Any other business

-Contract specifications and manual forms of contract options

GROUP 4

(IMPROVEMENT FUNDS MOBILISATION FOR MAINTENANCE OF FEEDER ROADS)

Q1. How can we improve asset Management culture for feeder roads?

Sense of ownership

1. Network understanding

inventory (length)

Conditions (state)

Plan

2. Capacity building

Training of locals

Awareness ( importance)

3. Whole life cost analysis

High cost, rehabilitation

Low cost, maintenance

4. Private network data collection ( ppp )

Data collection

Q2 How can we mobilise more resources for feeder roads

1. Use of appropriate technology ( such as tractor based approach)

2. Community participation

3. Demand x%, funds for rural roads I Annual work plan ( establish an Act or Law)

4. Donor fund help in capacity building

Q3 How can we convince decision makers of the vital importance and cost effectiveness of rural road

maintenance?

1. Good records, Asset management system (financial track record)

2. Cost benefit analysis

3. Pilot schemes, physical evidence, results

Q4 what support would you request from AFCAP regarding funds mobilisation

1. Experience and Knowledge transfer

2. Project implementations in other countries

3. Linkages to funding institutions

Q5 Any other business

Political influence

ANNEX 3 – IMAGES OF KEY TRACTOR BASED EQUIPMENT

GRADING

WATERING

COMPACTION

HAULAGE

EXCAVATION & LOADING

EARTHMOVING

ANNEX 4 – COMPARISON OF MOTOR GRADER & TRACTOR TOWED GRADER COSTS

This analysis includes all cost components and a conservative finance or opportunity cost on the

investment. It compares well with actual hire rates for Motorgraders in Zambia. Current Dry Hire

rates are approximately equivalent to US$700/day.

The tractor and heavy towed grader costs are much less than half of the daily motor grader costs.

For maintenance grading the daily output would be comparable.

AN

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39

ANNEXES

ANNEX 6 – SECOND STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP

2nd Stakeholders Workshop - Scoping Study for Establishment of

Pilot Project to implement tractor-based road maintenance

approaches in Zambia

Venue: Southern Sun Ridgeway Hotel, Lusaka, Wednesday 6th April 2016.

PROGRAMME

8.31 – 9.00 Registration & Refreshments

9.00 – 9.15 Official Opening, RDA

9.16 – 9.25 Workshop Introduction – RDA

9.25 – 9.30 Introduction of Participants – Chairperson

9.30 – 9.45 AFCAP Perspective – Nkululeko Leta

9.45 – 10.15 Revisiting the Rationale for Tractor-based Unpaved Road

Works in– Kingstone Gongera

10.15 – 10.45 Key Components for Developing & Supporting a Tractor Base

Roadworks Training Demonstration Unit (TDU) – Rob Petts

10.45 – 11.15 Refreshments

11.15 – 12.30 Stakeholders’ Perspectives on their TDU support and

participation, including suggestions for ‘Champions’ to be

serving on a ‘TDU Coordination Panel’ – Key Stakeholders

12.30 – 13.00 Workshop Session – Developing Detailed TDU Programme

and Stakeholder Inputs

13.00 – 14.00 Lunch

14.00 – 15.30 Workshop Session – Developing Detailed TDU Programme

and Stakeholder Inputs (continued)

15.30 Conclusions and Official Closure

Refreshments

ANNEXES

ANNEX 6 - LIST OF SECOND STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS SECOND TDU WORKSHOP SOUTHERN SUN HOTEL LUSAKA, 6th April 2016

Musonda C Mwale

RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Nonde Musawa RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Joseph Goma RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

Orleans M Chishiba

RDA TRAINEE ENGINEER P&[email protected]

Robert Petts AFCAP TEAM LEADER AFCAP

[email protected]

Kingstone Gongera

AFCAP AFCAP CONSULTANT

[email protected]

Queen B.C. Chilobwa

ZAWIC Vice President [email protected]

Nkukuleko Leta AFCAP Regional Manager [email protected]

Winfridah Phiri NRFA [email protected]

Wezzy Chomba RDA [email protected]

Stanely Musariri Centremark construction

[email protected]

Ellie Muchelenje RDA PRINCIPAL ENGINEER

[email protected]

K. Mumba RDA Director & CEO

Capt Humphrey Ndalama

ZNS Quantity Surveyor [email protected]

Dean Lihonde MUSIKA [email protected]/com

Dorothy Mulwilwa

ZAWIC President [email protected]

Danny Banda MLG&H SNR Engineer [email protected]

Changala Kanchule

MLG&H Snr Engineer [email protected]

Francis Mwape ACEZ [email protected]

Nkosi Hlazo NAMSS [email protected]

Gerald Phiri RDA [email protected]

Danny Chipili MWS [email protected]

Joe Kamwanda CAMCO [email protected]

Augustine Mwiinga

RDA [email protected]

Alinani Msisya NRFA MPME [email protected]

Ernest Nshindawo

N.C.C Training Manager [email protected]

Elias Mwape RDA Director Planning [email protected]

Adon Soko RDA [email protected]

Thomson Banda RDA Snr Manager R & D [email protected]

Charles Tembo NAMSS [email protected]

F Mchilwa ZNS O/C Workshops [email protected]

Chilufya Geoffrey NAMSS [email protected]


mailto:P&[email protected]




ANNEX 2

1

SCOPING STUDY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF

TRACTOR-BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE APPROACHES

FOR RURAL (LOW VOLUME) ROADS IN ZAMBIA

OPENING REMARKS BY RDA DIRECTOR CONSTRUCTION &

REHABILITATION, ENG. EMMANUEL KAUNDA - 4TH FEBRUARY, 2016

All Senior Government Officials present;

Representatives from the Zambia National Service (ZNS);

Representatives from Road Sector Agencies;

Representatives from Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP);

All Cooperating Partners present; and

Distinguished Invited Guests

I wish to welcome all the participants and the Consultant from AFCAP, Messrs

Intech Associates Consulting Engineers, to this workshop where the initial

findings of the scoping study for the establishment of tractor-based road

maintenance approaches for rural (low volume) roads in Zambia will be

discussed. The RDA wishes to thank AFCAP management for the positive

response to our call to join the research partnership programme which has led to

the implementation of projects like the scoping study for establishment of

tractor-based road maintenance approaches, a review of the development of

pavement design standards, standard drawings and geometric design standards

for Zambia. The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is a programme

of research and knowledge dissemination funded by the United Kingdom

ANNEX 2

2

Government though the Department for International Development (DFID).

AFCAP is promoting safe and sustainable rural access in Africa through research

and knowledge sharing between participating countries and the wider

community. Zambia formerly joined AFCAP in 2015 and is actively participating in

AFCAP research projects.

Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, you may wish to know that the Road

Development Agency launched the Road Maintenance Strategy in 2014, which

focuses on a sustainable maintenance regime through various strategies in

maintaining the Zambian road network. Therefore, findings from studies like this

one will help RDA to come up with cost effective and appropriate technologies

for undertaking various road maintenance activities for the various low volume

road classes. Ultimately, this will result in reduced travel times, reduced

operating costs and easy access to amenities and subsequently translate to an

improved economic status of remote parts of the country.

In that regard, the Government through the Zambia National Service (ZNS) is

embarking on a major programme of rehabilitating Primary Feeder roads

throughout the country which makes this initiative very timely for the consequent

maintenance of these roads. We thus, have been looking forward to this

workshop and I believe that the deliberations we will have today will yield

positive results that will cement our partnership in fostering the improvement of

the rural road network in Zambia.

Thank you all

Rationale for Tractor Technology Roadworks

Second Stakeholders Workshop April 2016 1



Workshop, Lusaka, Wednesday 5th April 2016

Images: Intech Associates

1

IntechAssociatesCLANVIEW CIVILS Intech


Rationale for Adoption of Tractor Technology in Zambia

Out come of the Tractor Technology scoping study confirmed:

There are clear cost and sustainability advantages in using tractor based technology for roadworks & other rural tasks

Tractor technology will promote development of indigenous MSMEs (Micro small &medium Enterprises) in the roads sector

Increase tractor utilization and in turn increase profitability

Develop natural synergies with the agricultural sector

Contribute towards local employment creation



• Current private sector capacity is constrained and this project offers small contractors a stepping stone into the mainstream sector by providing affordable opportunities to allow them to grow.

• Foreign owned companies dominate the industry and crowd out local small companies with limited capacity.



• Previous Workshop endorsed the vital need for a training‐demonstration unit to introduce and mainstream the proven tractor roadworks technology.

• Scoping study identified the need to develop customized training modules for the tractor operators, drivers and managers to fully equip them with the necessary skills.

• The identified cooperating partners will provide adequate logistical and technical support to achieve this training.



Scoping study identified project partners:

• RDA

• NRFA

• MOLG

• ZNS

• MAL

• NCC

• TEVETA

• MUSIKA

• AgDevCo

• ZAWIC


Scope for ‘Heavy Equipment’

Construction work in Zambia on major regional and trunk roads require the use of heavy equipment because:

It is powerful (high productivity when working)

It is fast (work completed quickly, when serviceable)

Large road projects must be completed quickly to achieve the intended benefits for the large investments

However:

Main road construction works are very expensive

The case for using heavy equipment on rural roads and maintenance is much weaker.




Tractor based technology‐ rationale

Tractor technology is simple

Designed for low operating costs

Durable and relatively easy to maintain and repair in the conditions typical of a limited‐resource environment

Can be manufactured or fabricated locally.

Agricultural Tractors are a versatile , can be used for a wide range of tasks with locally fabricated attachments.

Road Sector - Agricultural Tractor Applications

Source: Petts, 2012, Handbook of Intermediate Equipment for Road Works in Emerging Economies.


Advantages of tractor based road rehabilitation & maintenance

Compared to heavy equipment for rural road works:

Substantially Lower capital costs (and reducing) Substantially Lower running costs Lower forex requirements Higher availability Lower skills requirements

‐ Operators‐ Mechanical

Flexibility and cross sector potential Possibilities for local fabrication More affordable for SMEs (local contractors) & Councils Tractor technology widely established & supported More affordable and sustainable


Success of the tractor based technology

The success of this technology will depend on

six building blocks:

Political

Institutional

Funding

Management

Technical

Operational



Political

The programme will need political commitment from the high level so that when resources are allocated, road maintenance is accorded its due rating.

The Important role of Rural roads requires recognition.

New construction should not overshadow maintenance

Any newly constructed roads should receive maintenance funding so that preventive maintenance culture is instilled.



Institutional

The institutional set up for maintenance of roads should clearly define ownership of the roads, accountability and division of responsibility among stakeholders.

The institution has to be well equipped and resourced with adequate manpower and logistical support (vehicles, offices, computers etc.).





Funding

The maintenance of rural roads requires steady and assured funding for good planning and efficient implementation. With sound political will and appropriate institutional arrangements, maintenance of roads will be managed by the responsible institution.

The planned introduction of good asset management practices will help to achieve this.



Management

The management of the road network is critical. Medium to long term plans for road maintenance based on proper data collection and inventory management will assist road agencies to efficiently maintain roads under their charge.

Management should be aware of the technology choices, costs and benefits to the local society.



Technical

The training and demonstration project intends to provide technical support to the road agencies through formal and on the job training and mentoring.

The RDA will provide technical guidance to the road agencies through setting of standards and monitoring performance



Operational

Maintenance operations require good planning and programming. The training of operational and managerial staff will assist in improving the operations of the maintenance units. The choice of operational strategy will largely determine the success of the maintenance



Given the above, the use of tractor technology offers a viable and sustainable option to rural road maintenance.

It is affordable, appropriate and simple to use for the level of service that we expect on our rural road network.



Thank you


18


Agreed TDU Project Components


TDU Project Components –

Agreed by the First Workshop

Workshop, Lusaka, Wednesday 6 April 2016

1



Strategy for Improved Road Maintenance

Improving Rural Road

Maintenance

Tractor Technology



REDUCE MAINTENANCE LIABILITIES/BURDEN

Tackling Deficiencies at road construction and rehabilitation stage can substantially reduce maintenance liabilities, and improve effectiveness of resources:

Raise sunken road sections

Provide side drains and adequate turn outs

Provide adequate cross and relief culverts

Ensure culverts installed at CORRECT level, adjusting road alignment

Restrict carriageway width to standard

Ensure adequate camber (4‐6% on unpaved surfaces)

Ensure use of good quality surface materials (Earth and Gravel)

Provide erosion protection where required

Avoid dry weather grading without watering and compaction.



IMPROVE MAINTENANCE CAPACITY/PERFORMANCE

The main initiatives required to introduce and mainstream tractor technology in the roadworks and rural services sectors will include:

Procure demonstration and training equipment

Pilot the various tractor applications in Zambian conditions

Establish a District based demonstration unit of Good Practice

Develop and manage a range of tractor technology training courses

Develop appropriate registration arrangements for tractor based contractors



Create an ‘enabling environment’ for tractor based enterprises to survive and thrive

Develop effective awareness creation and dissemination materials and programmes

Mobilise improved levels of maintenance resources

Improve cooperation and generate joint benefits with the Agricultural sector

National Roll out programme for the tractor based approaches

These are discussed in this presentation ...........


Equipment Required


The following tractor based technology equipment will be required to satisfy trials, field training in pilot district and mechanical workshop training purposes:

Routine Maintenance


2 No. 2 tonne towed graders (J Mann, Zimbabwe) – proven performance



10 No. tyre drags – locally fabricated

1 No. 3 point linkage ripper attachment – to be trialled




Equipment Required


Periodic Maintenance and Rehabilitation


2 No. 5 tonne towed graders (CMC, Kenya) – proven performance

2 No. 5 tonne towed graders (Rogue, RSA) – to be trialled

2 No. 5 tonne towed Pneumatic Tyred Rollers (PTR)



1 No. Trailed ripper attachment – to be trialled


Equipment Procurement

In view of common past problems of inappropriate procurement:

The equipment procurement and ownership arrangements need to be agreed

The responsibility for equipment management and maintenance needs to be agreed

Appropriate and rigorous procurement documentation needs to be prepared

If specific supplier items are not proven, they need to be reviewed and trialled in Zambia (e.g. RSA towed grader)

It must be clearly stated that supplied equipment is NEW and not USED

Procured equipment needs to be inspected for compliance.


Pilot the various tractor applications

We need to pilot the range of tractor based routine and periodic maintenance activities in the Zambian environment to:

Confirm equipment capability in the local environment

Determine benchmark daily output/productivity Norms

Determine benchmark unit costs in the local environment

Establish benchmark hire rates for equipment in the local environment (both wet and dry rates)

Compare to heavy equipment methods and demonstrate the cost savings

The cost rates will need to be in a format that they can be easily updated for current fuel, labour, new price and interest rate costs, for sustainable application into the future.


District based demonstration unit

A district needs to be selected for establishing a demonstration system of good practice tractor based roadworks.

A suitable district should have sufficient funding allocated to them for core network maintenance and ideally:

Have Councillors committed to, and ready to ‘champion’, the tractor technology approach

Agree to open data accessibility and management regarding all aspects of the road maintenance and equipment funding and operations

Be within easy travelling distance of Lusaka (training base)

Be responsible for the care and maintenance of any equipment assigned

Have arrangements to hire in tractors locally if required

Be ready to agree a commitment to continue with the tractor demonstration unit activities for a renewable rolling forward period of time.



It is envisaged that the following new or adapted courses will be required to operationalise and mainstream tractor technology for the road and rural services sectors (approximate participant numbers are indicated based on 40,000km coverage):

Road Asset Managers (Provincial/HQ level) 10 every 3 years

Road Asset Coordinators (District level) 40 every year

Road Foremen 40 every year

Road Supervisors/Overseers 80 every year

Tractor Operators/Drivers 80 every year

Towed Grader Operator 80 every year



Continued:

Mechanical Artisan 40 every year

Tractor Mechanic 20 every year

Admin/Clerical Staff 40 every year

Tractor Owner Business Skills 80 every year

Roads Decision Makers (Councillors/Engineers/Consultants) 80 every year

Agricultural Extension Officers (particularly drainage & contouring) 160 every year

Other?




Who will manage the training?

What will the roles of TEVETA, NCC, ZNS, others, be with regard to?:

Review of existing courses regarding tractor technology adaption

Develop new courses, curricula and training materials

Accredit training courses

Train Trainers

Manage classroom training

Manage field training

There is potential for international courses, status and income, if Zambia takes the regional lead in this initiative.


Registration ‐ tractor based contractors

Registration of tractors based contractors should be reviewed

Accessibility to the 20% sub‐contracting criteria

Training course accreditation criteria

Whether equipment needs to be owned or can be hired in


‘Enabling Environment’ for Tractor SMEs

Arrangements need to be reviewed to create an ‘enabling environment’ for tractor based enterprises to survive and thrive

Guaranteed access to certain categories of work

Access to benchmark costing data

Appropriate contract documentation and arrangements for the range of works

Adequate arrangements in contracts for cost escalation

Payments on time arrangements



Tractor technology applications will in effect be a new approach in Zambia. It will be vital to arrange for a programme of awareness creation and dissemination to encourage uptake and ‘embedment’

Publicity material

Politicians and Decision makers briefing

Media campaign

Educational materials

Posters at District level in local languages

Video programmes for TV and decision makers waiting rooms



Briefing materials for decision makers such as:

A similar publication on tractor technology is required

http://afcap.org/Library/PIARC‐Global‐2004‐Save+Your+Country's+Roads+K+E‐PIARC‐v040922.pdf


Mobilise Maintenance Resources

It is clear that the current level of maintenance resourcing is grossly inadequate and that the network asset value is continuing to waste.

Introduce simple but appropriate asset management systems at district level, including inventory and condition data

Reward good asset management with increased allocations

Demonstrate to decision makers that 3‐5% of the asset value spent each year on maintenance prevents more than 20% annual loss in asset value

Encourage the commercial sector to recognize good asset management through publicity and awards.




Agricultural Sector Cooperation

Tractor resources will be a common benefit to the road and agricultural sector nationwide

Increased tractor utilisation will have substantial benefits to both sectors and the rural population

It will be important to improve the understanding, knowledge sharing and cooperation between the sectors


National Roll Out

While the initiatives discussed in this workshop are agreed and implemented, preparations for national rollout will be required:

National policy and strategy on tractor based road works

Develop Asset Management Culture

Adequate budget allocation for the various tractor initiatives

Future budget allocations for a national programme of roll out

And finally, last but not least:

Identify ‘Champions’ to lead and drive the roll out.


Partnership

And Really Finally:

Who are the Stakeholder Partners?

What will their responsibilities be?

What can they bring to this initiative?

The initiative must be locally driven to ensure sustainability.

Bear in mind that AFCAP is there to support, but not to provide ‘hardware’.

TDU Project Components –

Agreed by the First Workshop

Thank you


22


Workshop Groups - Development of Action Plan


Stakeholder Contributions

Workshop, Lusaka, Wednesday 6 April 2016

1



Programme Components

TRACTOR TECHNOLOGY TDU ACTION PLAN

ACTIVITY PRIME

RESPONSIBILITY

SUPPORTING STAKEHOLDERS IMPLEMENTERS FUNDING

A. PHASE 1 ‐ SETUP

1 Stakeholder Liaison ‐ TDU Coordination Committee?

2 Finalise TDU Plans

3 Selection of + Liaison with TDU District

4 Survey + Inventory of TDU District

5 Report on TDU District

6 Evaluate RSA Towed Grader in RSA

7 Equipment Procurement

8 Review Existing Training Curricula+ Materials

9 Prepare New Curricula + Training Materials (class+field)

10 Approval Curricula + Training Materials TEVETA+NCC

11 Training + Mentoring Trainers

12 Pilot Tractor Applications in Zambia Conditions

13 Report on Productivity + Costs of Tractor Operations

Workshop Groups - Development of Action Plan



Programme Components

B. PHASE 2 ‐ DELIVERY

1 Prepare LVR Good Practice Maintenance Manual

2 Support Demonstration Unit Activities

3 Run + Mentor Pilot Training Courses

4 Prepare 'Enabling Environment' Report

5 Help Prepare National Roll‐out Strategy + Plans

6 Maintenance Liabilities Reduction Advice + Report

7 Review Contractor Selection & Registration Criteria

8 Gender Participation Advice

9 Agricultural Sector Synergy Development

10 Support Development Contract Document Options Suite

11 Establish Benchmark Equipment hire rates (wet/dry)

12 Awareness + dissemination materials + programmes

13 Update HIE and prepare Tractor Management Handbook

Stakeholder Contributions

Thank you


4


ANNEX 6

2nd Stakeholders Workshop - Scoping Study for Establishment of Pilot Project to

implement tractor-based road maintenance approaches in Zambia

Venue: Southern Sun Ridgeway Hotel, Lusaka, Wednesday 6th March 2016.

PARTICIPANTS WORKSHOP EVALUATION

Thank you for your participation in this workshop. Please help us to evaluate the workshop

by completing the following short survey indicating your assessment of the various aspects

of the event.

RESULTS

ASPECT

Po

or

Sati

sfac

tory

Go

od

Ver

y G

oo

d

Exce

llen

t

Workshop arrangements: Venue and Catering 63% 37%

Workshop programme 43% 43% 14%

Quality of Presentations 12% 76% 12%

Appropriateness of information provided 12% 25% 38% 25%

Opportunities to comment and express your views 12% 12% 26% 50%

Usefulness of the workshop group session 43% 57%

Was enough time allocated for each workshop session? 29% 42% 29%

Value of Workshop outcomes 14% 57% 29%

Did the workshop meet your expectations? 57% 43%

Please provide us with any further comments that may help us to improve the effectiveness of future workshops:

It was well organised and coordinated, though I feel some stake holders were left out (or invited and didn’t just attend).

Adequate notice for participants is required so that the attendance is good.

RDA should be able to contact would be participants in any workshop to enable them well prepared in good time not a day before. I would also like to suggest that during the selection of people to go and view the samples in SA should be picked from people who participated in the workshop and the letters of invitation should be addressed to them specifically. In government, senior officers tend to take over the trip when opportunity occurs even if they were not attending the workshop.

ANNEX 7 – REFINED ACTION PLAN AGREED BY FIRST TDUCC MEETING 8 APRIL 2016

1 OF 2

ANNEX 7 – REFINED ACTION PLAN AGREED BY FIRST TDUCC MEETING 8 APRIL 2016

2 OF 2

MINUTES OF 1ST MEETING FOR TRACTOR DEMONSTRATION UNIT CORDINATION COMMITTEE MEETING HELD ON 8TH APRIL 2016 1

INTERIM TDUCC

MINUTES OF THE 1ST INTERIM TRACTOR DEMONSTRATION UNIT CORDINATION COMMITTEE

(TDUCC) MEETING HELD ON 08TH APRIL 2016 IN THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR

CONSTRUCTION CONFERENCE ROOM AT 09:00 HOURS

AGENDA

1. Call to Order

2. Confirmation of Quorum

3. Apologies

4. Chairperson’s Opening Remarks

5. Adoption of the Agenda

6. Nomination of TDUCC chairperson and secretariat

7. Consolidation of the action plan proposals

8. TORs for the TDUCC

9. Selection of the TDU District

10 Any other Business

11 Chairperson’s Closing Remarks

PRESENT:

1. Mr Joseph Goma RDA Chairperson

2. Mr. Alinani Msisya NRFA Member

3. Mr. Mutale Mpepo NAMSSCO Member

4. Mr. Joe Kangwanda CAMCO Member

5. Ms. Dorothy Mulwila ZAWIC Member

6. Mr. Ernest Nshindano NCC Secretary

1.0 Call to Order

The Chairperson called the meeting to order at 10:30 hours.

2.0 Apologies

There were no apologies.

3.0 Confirmation of Quorum

The quorum was confirmed.


4.0 Chairperson’s Opening Remarks

The Chairperson welcomed all the members. He congratulated the members for

being nominated to the interim TDUCC. He urged members to reflect on the

proposed Terms of Reference for the Committee and urged them to be focused.

5.0 Adoption of the Agenda

The meeting agreed to adopt the agenda without changes.

6.0 Nomination of TDUCC chairperson and secretariat

Following the TDU scoping study workshop held on the 6th April 2016, the Interim

TDUCC was nominated by the stakeholders. The nominated members will be

written to by the RDA through their respective organisations. The proposed names

are as in the table below:

Name Email Mobile No. Organisation

Joseph

Goma

[email protected] +260977769296 RDA

Dorothy

Mulwila

[email protected] ZWIC

Eng.

Changala

Kanchula

[email protected] +260977496494 MLGH

Mutale

Mpepo

[email protected] 0963322272/0963702233 NAMSSC

Alinani

Msisya

[email protected] 0977822960 NRFA

Joe

Kangwanda

[email protected] 0971897485 SUPPLIERS

OF EQUIP

Eng. Ernest

Nshindano

[email protected]/

[email protected]

+260977829649 NCC

Eng.

Mwape

Francis

Xavier

[email protected] +260976337460 ACEZ

Cap.

Ndalama

Hanfrey

[email protected] ZNS

James

Luhana

[email protected] MUSIKA

mailto:[email protected]/


Mr Bowa TEVETA

TBA MoA

During the deliberations of the TDUCC, it was resolved that the director of

Engineering of the TDU district and Mr. Dan Chipili an officer from the mother

Ministry i.e. Ministry of Works and Supply be co-opted into the TDUCC.

The TDUCC interim committee elected Eng. Joseph M. Goma from RDA to Chair

the committee, Eng. Alinani Msisya from NRFA was elected Vice Chairperson and

Eng. Ernest Nshindano from NCC was elected as Secretary.

7.0 Consolidation of the action plan

The committee considered the proposals that were made during the scoping

Study workshop. However, a final action plan was formulated from the

recommendations of the workshop and was forwarded to the AFCAP consultant

for inclusion into the final report.

8.0 Terms of reference for the TDUCC

The meeting agreed that there was need to draft TOR’s which will state the key

terms for the TDUCC. It was therefore, resolved that the consultant be requested

to draft the terms of the TDUCC on which the TDUCC will discuss before it is

submitted to RDA for approval.

9.0 Selection of the TDU District.

It was proposed that following the recommendation that came from the scoping

workshop, Chongwe be adopted as the TDU District due to its proximity and

having adequate feeder road network. Chibombo District was adopted as an

alternative.

10.0 Any Other Business

The TDUCC members wanted to know if they will be entitled to sitting allowance.

It was thus resolved that the nomination letters clearly state the position.

The meeting resolved to form a whatsapp group for easy communication among

the TDUCC members. Members are required to submit their numbers for this

purpose.


11.0 Closing of the meeting

The Chairperson thanked all for the contributions. The meeting was closed at 13:00

hours. The next meeting will be held on 5th May 2016.

____Joseph M. Goma__________ ___________Ernest Nshindano_______

Chairperson Secretary

_____11/04/2016_______________ ____________11/04/2016___________

Date Date

scoping study for establishment of pilot project to...

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