Bell Ringer

Complete the Matching Worksheet on the back of today’s notes

Write your answers on the left hand side

Scramble for AfricaAge of Imperialism: Section 1

Lesson Essential Questions & Objectives

LEQ:

How and why was most of Africa divided among European powers?

Objectives:

1. Describe Africa before European domination

2. Summarize the motives of European colonizers and the factors that allowed them to control Africa.

3. Identify three groups that clashed in South Africa

Industrialization caused countries to need more resources and markets

Many nations looked to Africa and seized vast areas during the 19th and early 20th century

Imperialism: control by a strong nation over a weaker nation

Dominated politics, economics and social life of Africans

Setting the Stage

Africa Before European Domination

Africa was divided into hundreds of linguistic and ethnic groups

Spoke over 1000 languages

Large empires uniting many ethnic groups

Small independent villages

Europeans had contact with Africans as early as the 1450s

Powerful African armies kept them away for 400 years.

1880: Europeans controlled only 10% of Africa (coast)

Africa Before European Domination

Africa Before European Domination

European travel into the interior was impossible

African Rivers

African Diseases

1880s: Steam-powered river boats allowed European expedition

Objective # 1

Describe Africa before European domination.

1. Africa was divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups.

2. Politically, Africa ranged from large empires that united many ethnic groups or independent villages.

3. Powerful armies stopped Europeans for 400 years.

4. Interior travel was impossible and disease was common.

Bell Ringer

Why did Dr. Livingstone go to Africa?

Who came to find him?

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires

European Conquest:

Explorers

Missionaries

Humanitarians

Reporters

Europeans & Americans read about Africa in newspapers and travel books

Connect to Geography ActivityDr. Livingstone Explores Southern Africa

The Congo Sparks Interests

An American newspaper hired Henry Stanley to find Dr. Livingstone

1871 at Lake Tanganyika “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Stanley then explored Africa, tracing the Congo River

The Congo Sparks Interests

King Leopold II from Belgium commissioned Stanley to obtain land in the Congo

Leopold’s motive: abolish slavery & promote christianity

His companies exploited Africans killing 10 million Congolese

Belgian Congo was 80 times larger than Belgium

Forces Driving Imperialism

Industrial Revolution: new markets and raw materials

Nationalism: spurred colonial competition

Superiority: Europeans were better than others and it was their “duty” to modernize other countries

Missionaries: convert peoples to Christianity and civilize or “westernize” foreign land.

Social Darwinism: use of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution to explain human societies

Those fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior

Non-Europeans were on a “lower scale” due to non-scientific and technological progress

Racism: belief that one race is superior to others

Forces Driving Imperialism

White Man’s Burden

“I contend that we (Britons) are the first race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race…It is our duty

to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea

steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the

best, the most human, most honorable race the world possesses.” -Cecil Rhodes

Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa

European’s Technological Superiority (The Maxim)

Transportation: steam engines and railroads connected colonies

Quinine: invented in 1829 and protected Europeans from African diseases

Objective # 2 Summarize the motives of European colonizers and the factors that allowed them to control Africa.Motives:

1. Raw Materials and New Markets: Industrial Revolution 2. Nationalism: Colonial Race 3. European Superiority: “White Man’s Burden” 4. Missionaries: Christianize and Westernize Foreigners

Factors:

Technological Superiority, Transportation to Connect Colonies, and Drugs that protected Europeans from diseases

The Division of Africa1880: Scramble for Africa

1867: Diamonds

1886: Gold

Berlin Conference: meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa

1914: only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control

Demand for Raw Materials

African Raw Materials:

Belgian Congo: copper & tin

South Africa: gold & diamonds

Cash-Crop Plantations:

peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber

Zulus Fight the BritishSouth Africa: Africans, Dutch, & British clash

Shaka: Zulu chief who created a large centralized state

Shaka’s successors could not contend with British at the Battle of Ulundi

1887: Zulu Nation fell to British

Boers and the British

First Europeans in South Africa were the Dutch

“Afrikaners” took African land and established farms

Boers: Dutch colonist in South Africa (farmer)

Clashed with Britain when they took over Cape Colony

Boers and the British

1830: Great Trek Boers escaped the British and headed North

1860-1880: Gold and Diamonds were discovered

Boer War: war between the Boers and the British

first modern “total” war

Boer WarBoers used commando raids and guerrilla tactics

British burned Boer farms and imprisoned women and children in disease-ridden concentration camps

Black South Africans fought, were captured, and thousands killed

1910: Union of South Africa, controlled by the British

Objective # 3

Identify three groups that clashed in South Africa

Africans (Zulus) , Dutch (Boers) , and the British

Zulus and the Boers fought the British for control of South Africa

Review

With your Partner:

Double Check Your Matching Worksheet

SummarizerExpository Essay:

Write a short essay explaining which European motive behind imperialism in Africa was the most powerful.

You must include details to support your opinion.

Type your response and email them to me!

ecorcoran@pennsvalley.org