Sculpture

• http://www.slideshare.net/kccartprofessor/kcc-art-211-ch-11-sculpture-presentation

Ceramics• One of the largest groups of

materials with the properties of nonmetals and all are made by firing or burning, often including silicates and metal oxides.

• Greek term Keramos, meaning "a potter" or "pottery”.

Ceramic materials are attractive for several reasons :Cheap in terms of its starting materials.Compared to metals, lightweight and

retain their strength up to 1000˚C where metals tends to fail.

They have electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of value in the computer and electronic industries.

HistoryThe art of making pottery by forming and

burning clay has been practiced from the earliest civilizations.

Burnt clayware has been found dating from about 15,000 B.C. and as well developed as an industrial product in Egypt by about 5000 B.C.

Formed glass dates from the period 7000-5000 B.C. and was a stable industry in Egypt by about 1500 B.C.

• Clay is one of the three main kinds of soil, the other two being sand and loam. • http://www.florence.ars.usda.gov/kidsonly/element/ka2.htm

• Most soils of agricultural importance are some type of loam. • A certain amount of clay is good because it helps hold particles together and helps hold

water. • If soil has a lot of clay it is difficult to cultivate. The stiffness resists agricultural tools,

interferes with the growth of the plants, and prevents free circulation of air around the roots. Clay soils are cold and sticky in wet weather, while in dry weather they bake hard and crack.

• Clays can be improved by the addition of lime, chalk, or organic matter. • In spite of their disadvantages, the richness of clay soils makes them favorable to the

growth of crops that have been started in other soil.

•Ancient man discovered that clay could be shaped and modeled into forms bothdecorative and functional. •Some of the earliest pottery has been found in the Middle East and dates to between 8,000-7,000 BCE. •Japanese ceramics have flourished since over 4,000 years ago•Native American pottery shards have been found dating back over 3,000 years. •http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qkg16A9SlA

Greek Pottery

Protogeometric Belly-handled

AmphoraAthens 900 BCE Geometric

Dipylon KraterAthens 750 BCE ProtoCorinthian

Macmillan Aryballos

650 BCE Protoattic Polyphemus

Painter650 BCE

Black FigureExekias

Suicide of Ajax530 BCE

http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/ceramics/http://www.chinavista.com/experience/ceramics/ceramics.htmlhttp://netra.glendale.cc.ca.us/ceramics/198imagegallery2.html

Zhou Dynasty 1000 BCE

Qin Dynasty 210 BCE

Song Dynasty 1200

Ming Dynasty 1450-1650

900-1400 Arizona & New Mexico

Discuss commercially made ceramics in everyday life http://www.kyocera.co.jp/frame/product/ceramics/fc/index-e.htmlView some contemporary ceramic sites http://www.claywork.com/

Equipment needed: Enough clay for each student to create at least one small project. If you absolutely have no money, use a homemade Salt/Flour/Water dough.Clay tools for blending, assorted forks, knives, pointed sticks or pin tools

to manipulate and trim clay Plastic bags with ties for storing pieces until they are ready to dryPlastic sheeting to protect table tops Covered air-tight containers for clay storage

Omyacolor Plastiroc Air Dry Clay

How to wedge the clay using the “ram’s head” technique: http://youtu.be/yUlWD3R3eE4

It’s not like kneading bread dough which puts air into the dough.

Various States of Clay

Leather-hard The condition of a clay body when much of the moisture has evaporated and shrinkage has just ended, but the clay is not totally dry. Carving, burnishing, or joining slabs are often done at this stage.

Bone DryClay that has the moisture completely evaporated. It can no longer be scored and slipped without compromising the strength of the piece.

BisqueClay that has been fired to a state hard enough for glazing

SlipClay suspended in water. When it is a yogurt consistency it can be used to join pieces with scoring. When a cream consistency with a coloring agent added it can be painted on leather-hard pieces and burnished.

Greenware Unfired pottery or sculpture.

Students will squeeze or roll the clay between your hands into coils about ½ inch in diameter (a little thicker than a pencil).

Some techniques:

• Pinching: – http://youtu.be/MlSeEBGHCFY – http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/pinch.htm

• Coiling– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/coil.htm– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/scoil.htm

• Slabwork– http://www.jhpottery.com/tutorial/slab.html