sculpture. sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping hard or plastic material,...
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SCULPTURE
Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping hard or plastic material, commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, or wood.
Some sculptures are created directly by carving; others are assembled, built up and fired, welded, moulded, or cast.
A person who creates sculptures is called a sculptor.
Because sculpture involves the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated, it is considered one of the plastic arts.
A sculpture that is designed to move is known as kinetic.
A sculpture that is like a self-operating machine which has moving parts such as cogs, that can be made to move by use of handles and levers, Is known as
automata (singular: automaton)
(DEFINITIONS FROM WIKIPEDIA)
Lost-wax castingThis is also sometimes called by the French name of cire perdue, and is the process by which a bronze is cast from an artist's sculpture.
wikipedia link about bronze casting
An armature is a lightweight structure on which sculptors can work. It gives the basic form of the sculpture, but with little detail. It allows sculptors to create work that isn’t solid, thereby being more economical with the materials they use.
Here Ron Mueck has used chicken wire to make the figure’s form.
ARMATURE
RON MUECKUNTITLED (BIG MAN) VIEWS OF THE WORK IN PROGRESS
2000PIGMENTED POLYESTER RESIN ON FIBERGLASS
MAQUETTE
Before beginning a full-scale sculpture, a sculptor will make a small-scale test piece, or maquette.
This maquette by Ron Mueck stands over 2 feet tall, but the final sculpture stands over 2.5 metres tall, much larger than life size.
RON MUECKPREGNANT WOMAN
2002PIGMENTED POLYESTER RESIN ON FIBERGLASS,
USING PLASTER
• Plaster can be poured into clay moulds to form a cast.online workshop for mould-making
• It can also be used to make the mould itself.
• By covering an armature with plaster, it can then be worked with various tools such as chisels, rasps and surforms (like mini cheesegraters), and eventually polished to a smooth finish.
• A plaster sculpture can also be then cast into a more durable material, such as bronze.
MICHELANGELOAWAKENING GIANT, FOR TOMB OF JULIUS II
1520-23
CARVING
• Traditionally, sculptors carved into wood and stone
• They used stone or wood chisels
• More recently sculptors have explored other materials, such as ice, to carve from, and experimented with a variety of powered tools, such as chainsaws
EXAMPLES OF SCULPTURE USING VARIOUS TECHNIQUES
AND MATERIALS
MARC QUINNSELF1991
FROZEN BLOOD
TONY CRAGGSTACK1975
MIXED MEDIA
CORNELIA PARKERCOLD DARK MATTER: AN EXPLODED VIEW
1991
HELEN CHADWICKPISS FLOWERS
1991-1992BRONZE, WHITE CELLULOSE LACQUER
DAVID MACHGORILLA
2007WIRE COATHANGERS
SARAH SZEUNRAVEL (INSTALLATION)
2005MIXED MEDIA
ALEXANDER CALDERUNTITLED
1976ALUMINIUM AND STEEL
SALVADOR DALILOBSTER TELEPHONE
1936PLASTIC, PAINTED PLASTER AND MIXED MEDIA
RICHARD DEACONSTRUCK DUMB
1988WELDED STEEL
CLAES OLDENBURG SOFT PAY-TELEPHONE
1963VINYL FILLED WITH KAPOK, MOUNTED ON WOOD PANEL
CLAES OLDENBURG SOFT LIGHT SWITCHES
1964VINYL FILLED WITH DRACON AND
CANVAS
ANISH KAPOOR MARSYAS (INSTALLATION AT TATE MODERN’S TURBINE HALL)
2002PVC MEMBRANE STRETCHED OVER 3 STEEL RINGS
BARBARA HEPWORTH OVAL SCULPTURE (NO. 2)
1943 PLASTER
HENRY MOOREWORKING MODEL FOR RECLINING FIGURE
1957 PLASTER
JEAN ARP HEAD AND SHELL
c. 1933POLISHED BRONZE
CONSTANTIN BRANCUSITHE NEWBORN
1915MARBLE
LOUISE BOURGEOISEND OF SOFTNESS
1967BRONZE WITH GOLD PATINA
LOUISE BOURGEOISLE REGARD
1966LATEX AND CLOTH
MERET OPPENHEIMOBJECT
1936FUR-COVERED CUP, SAUCER AND SPOON