sea level and reefs in hawaii. reefs 30 0 n and 30 0 s, shallow sunlight seas
TRANSCRIPT
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Sea Level and Reefs in Hawaii
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Reefs
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300 N and 300S, shallow sunlight seas
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Reef Types
•Barrier Reefs•Fringing Reefs•Atolls•Patch Reefs
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Reef Evolution
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Methods
• Drilling
• Ecosystem surveys
• Dating (C14 & U-series)
• Carbonate petrography
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Holocene reef and dune
Leahi reef and dune
Waimanalo reef and dune
Waianae reef
None recognized
?Kaena Stand?
Carbonate System of Oahu
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Ecosystem surveys
Rotary cores
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Ecosystem surveys
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Wireline Drilling the Island Shelf
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Large, bottom shearingswell events governthe geologic record
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Low energy~5-20 m
Porites compressabranching
Moderate energy~2-8 m
Porites lobatamassive
High energy~0-2 m
Porites lobataencrusting
Shallow, high energy~0-5 m
Porolithon sp.
High energy~2-10 m
Pocillopora meandrinastout branching
Shallow, high energy~0-10 m
Montipora sp.
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LONO HARBOR
HALE O LONO SITE:-High wave exposure-Sparse coral cover-Shore parallel ridge and runnel morphology
HIKAUHI SITE-Medium wave exposure-Abundant coral cover-Shore normal spur and groove morphology
HIKAUHI SITEHALE O LONO SITE
High bed shear
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Modern Ecosystem Investigations: Results
Modified from Storlazzi et al. (in press)
Study Sites
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Modern Ecosystem Investigations: Results
Modified from Storlazzi et al. (in press)
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Typical facies
Branching coral
framestone
Encrustingcoral-algalbindstone
Mixedskeletalrubble
Massivecoral
framestone
Unconsolidatedfloatstone
High energy Moderate energy Low energy
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Typical facies
Rudstone Bindstone Grainstone Framestone Wackestone
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Bindstone(algal pavement)
Angular silt to pebble clasts (coral and algal)
encrusted and bound by coralline algae, encrusting
foraminifers and bryozoans;
Extensive micritization of skeletal grains;
Microcrystalline Mg-Calcite fills inter- and
intraparticle pores
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Framestone(reef framework)
Intraskeletal pores lined by aragonitic accicular cement;
Pores filled by peloidal Mg-calcite grading out to silt-
sized skeletal debris;
Thick crusts of coralline algae, encrusting
foraminifers (Homotrema, Planorbulina?), bryozoans
and serpulids