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Chassahowitzka SpringsUnderwater Archaeology Reveals Florida History

Special Thanks to:

Southwest Florida Water Management District.Artifacts recovered during the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project in 2013.

8000 BCSuwannee

projectile point

8000 BC - 500 BCBone fish hook

AD 1600sSpanish Majolica

ceramics

AD 1821-1870Three piece

molded bottle

AD 100-1500Pasco Plain bowl

Chassahowitzka Springs

Special Thanks to:

Southwest Florida Water Management District.Historic soda bottles recovered by underwater archaeology team during the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project in 2013.

1885 Dr. Pepper was

created, manufactured, and sold in Waco,Texas.

1885 The Red Rock

Company began manufacturing Red Rock Ginger Ale in Atlanta, Georgia.

1886 Dr. John S. Pemberton

created Coca-Cola (named by Frank M.

Robinson) in Atlanta, Georgia.

1898 Pepsi-Cola was

formulated. Applied Color Labels (as seen

on this Pepsi-Cola bottle) began in 1934.

1899-1902 Production of the

original Coca-Cola embossed glass

bottles.

1919 The Vess Soda

Company began manufacturing Whistle soda pop in St. Louis,

Missouri. Applied Color Labels (as seen on this Whistle bottle)

began in 1934.

1924 NEHI was introduced

by Chero-Cola. Applied Color Labels (as seen on this NEHI bottle) began in 1934.

1934 First use of Applied Color Labels by the

bottling industry.

1899-1902 The Red Rock

Company began manufacturing Red

Rock Cola in Atlanta, Georgia.

1939 Grapette Company

was founded in Camden, Arkansas.

1942-1969 Tue-Ade was bottled in Washington, D.C.

1948 Canada Dry Bottling

Company was established.

1965 The name NEHI was replaced by Royal

Crown Cola.

1966 Fresca was first

introduced to the United States by the

Coca-Cola Company.


Special Thanks to:


A variety of historic soda bottles were recovered during the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project. However, the only soda variety found to be bottled in the region was Coca-Cola.

W.T. Baxley of Hernando, Florida began bottling Coca-Cola as a sub-bottler in 1906. The empty bottles were washed in Hernando Lake, filled with Coca-Cola, and then transported using horse and wagon to Inverness. During World War I, Baxley moved his bottling operation to Inverness. The business and bottling building stayed in the Baxley family until 1979 when both building and business were purchased by Florida Coca-Cola. In 1983, Citrus County purchased the building from Coca-Cola

and dedicated the historic site (112 N. Apopka Avenue) in 2000.

Coca-Cola Bottles


Special Thanks to:


A variety of prehistoric stone tools were recovered during the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project. Among these artifacts were projectile points, preforms, flakes, and cores. The oldest of the stone tools recovered was a Suwannee projectile point. Dating from the Paleoindian Period (10,000 – 8,000 BC), Suwannee points are

lanceolate in shape and measure between 7.5-12 cm on average. Although found across much of Florida, Suwannee points are most commonly found in the Ichetucknee and Santa Fe Rivers.

Prehistoric Stone Tools


Special Thanks to:


Pasco Plain pottery appears in the Woodland through Mississippian periods (AD 100-1500). One intact Pasco Plain bowl was recovered during the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project, and is the only

known fully intact Pasco Plain bowl to be recovered in Florida.

The Woodland period is characterized by a mixed subsistence pattern consisting of hunting, fishing, and collecting wild resources; while Mississippian period subsistence consisted largely of estuarine fish and shellfish. Artifacts from both

periods include pottery, stone tools, and bone tools.

Pasco Plain Pottery


Special Thanks to:


Recreational and commercial fishing practices were and still are common in the area of Homosassa, Florida. A variety of artifacts reflecting this long history were recovered during the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka

Headspring Restoration Project. Boat licenses for commercial and recreational purposes were identified and dated from 1941 – 1971. Other artifacts from twentieth century maritime activities include wooden paddles, a metal oar lock, two and

three-blade propellers, anchors, a muckrake, and net weights made from pouring lead into soda bottles. One fishing hook made from bone was also recovered.

Maritime Artifacts


Special Thanks to:


In addition to pocket knives, iron sheers, a Genuine Ford Battery sign, and one lens from a pair of motorcycle goggle; the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project uncovered a mid-century Hubley Long Barrel Texan Jr. cap gun. This artifact represents a transition in toy gun manufacturing from pure cast-iron to die-cast cap guns. The Hubley Manufacturing Company was founded in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1894, and produced a variety of objects including cast iron toys, doorstops, and bookends. All Hubley toys were hand-painted and are considered valuable collectors’ items.

Texan Jr.


Special Thanks to:


Did you know that Napoleon Bonaparte was linked to the invention of the Mason jar? In 1795, Bonaparte offered 12,000 francs to anyone who could invent a new way to preserve food for the French military and, in 1810, Nicolas Appert invented the predecessor to the Mason jar. The Mason jar was patented in 1858 by John Mason, and was quickly followed by rivals such as

Ball (1886) and Kerr (1903). Both Ball and Kerr jars were recovered during the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project.

Mason Jars


Special Thanks to:


During the 2013 archaeological monitoring of the Chassahowitzka Headspring Restoration Project, a variety of historic housewares were recovered including; an enamelware pitcher, ceramics, aluminum camping cup, glass Whitehouse Vinegar bottle, smoking pipe, water spicket, ring setting, butter knife, and spoon. Although most of these objects date from the mid-twentieth century to modern times, the oldest historic houseware artifacts were pieces of Spanish Majolica. Majolica is a historic ceramic

that first arrived in La Florida with Juan Ponce de León in 1513.

Historic Housewares

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