seattle center city streetcar workshop
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Seattle Center City Streetcar Workshop. July 20, 2007. What Makes Streetcars Work?. Modern Streetcar Applications. Project Goals. Understand key issues Identify potential streetcar network and implementation priorities - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Seattle Center City Streetcar Workshop
July 20, 2007
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
What Makes Streetcars Work?
Modern Streetcar Applications
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Project Goals• Understand key issues• Identify potential streetcar network and implementation priorities
• Understand that streetcars are only one mode in a major multi-modal system
• Realize that once a route is constructed it can not be altered
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Transit Plan - Goal … Transit every 15 minutes … 18 hours a day … 7 days a week …
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Existing Transit 2006
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Next Phase
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Seattle Connections 2030
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
2006 Next 2030
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
South Lake Union Streetcar
• Under construction
• Begins operation in fall 2007
• Local Improvement District funding
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Actions to Build on• Center City Circulation Report -2003• Seattle Streetcar Network and Feasibility Analysis -2004
• Westlake Transportation Hub Study -2004
• Seattle Transit Plan -2005
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Actions to Build On• Center City Action Strategy• Alaskan Way Viaduct and Seawall Replacement
• Sound Transit First Hill Transit Connections
• Streetcar Alliance
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Why Consider More Streetcars in Seattle?
• Attracts up to 40% more riders than bus, all conditions held equal.
• New rail lines replacing buses doubled previous bus ridership.
• Attracts “choice” markets.
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
What Explains the Difference?Riders Perspective:• Predictable routes and stops
• More stability• Greater ride comfort• Electric – low noise and no fumes
• Nostalgia
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
What’s Different about Streetcars?
• Local circulation system• Covers shorter distances• Can operate in mixed traffic
• More frequent stops• Rapid and less costly construction
• Catalyzes pedestrian-friendly development
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Factors Influencing Ridership• Intensity of land use• Mix of land use• Travel time• Frequency• Fares• Connectivity to transit network• Legibility and information• Comfort
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Why Not Just Add Nice Buses?
Streetcars:• Organize development• Often generate private financing
• Attract tourists and occasional riders
• Offer “legibility”• Operate better in pedestrian environments.
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Streetcars do have their drawbacks
• Less flexible• Less maneuverable• Higher maintenance• Once in place it has to succeed
• Higher capital investment
• Overhead wires
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Main differences between streetcar and light rail
Characteristics Streetcar Light RailRight-of-Way Can operate in mixed
trafficMostly exclusive ROW
Stop Spacing Short, every few blocks Wide, often 1/2 mile to 1 mile or more
Vehicles Often shorter (~60 ft); lower capacity (~120 passengers/vehicle)
Longer vehicles (~90 ft); higher capacity (~180 passenger/vehicle)
Route Distance Usually short, less than 5 miles
Usually long, more than 10 miles
Functions / Markets
Supplement or replace local circulation
Regional, long-haul commuter service
Overhead Wire Usually single wire Catenary
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
But it’s a fine line…Streetcar line in Pittsburgh (1976)
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
But it’s a fine line…Same line using modern LRT vehicles (1999)
Required some track and power upgrades
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Streetcar Vehicle Technologies
• Modern Vehicles– Portland, Tacoma, Toronto
• Restored Vintage Cars– Often PCC cars (San Francisco,
Philadelphia)– Nearly exhausted supply– Non-ADA accessible– Cost to acquire, transport and restore
• New “Replica” Cars– Built from blueprints of old cars
(Charlotte, Memphis)– Can be made ADA accessible
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Advantages of Modern Streetcar Technology
• Lower maintenance• Low floor and ADA accessible
• Higher total capacity• Improved comfort and quieter
• Easier to acquire fleet
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
North American Streetcar Examples
Existing Systems (modern technology) Portland• One streetcar
line, serves as local circulation in downtown
• Promotes economic development
• Integrated with buses and LRT
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
North American Streetcar Examples
Existing Systems (modern technology) Tacoma• One streetcar
line • Provides local
circulation in downtown
• Designed to enhance economic development.
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Toronto• 11 lines, 10
pass through downtown (both old and new technology)
• Integrated with buses and subway
North American Streetcar Examples
Existing Systems (modern technology)
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
North American Streetcar Examples
Existing Systems (heritage)Many examples• San Francisco• Philadelphia• Memphis• New Orleans• Little Rock• Tampa• Tucson• Dallas• Kenosha• Seattle• Charlotte• Others…
Tampa
Memphis
San Francisco “F” Line
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Streetcar Systems Planned or Under Development
Cities considering streetcars:
• Madison• Spokane• Detroit• Sacramento• Vancouver, BC• Atlanta• Boston• Others…
Vancouver, BC
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Streetcars as an Economic Engine
• Portland - more than $3B in economic development
• Public private investment
• Capture funding from new development/investments
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Capturing the Economic Engine
Portland Streetcar After
• Property valuesincreased 40% on route
• Condos on route sell for$275-$350/sf
• 43% of employees use transit
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Keys to a Successful Streetcar Corridor
• High frequency without LRT capacity demands
• Pedestrian- and transit-friendly• Short trips, local access needs and shorter stop spacing
• Corridor to serve a variety of markets • Lack of extreme congestion• Integration with broader transit network• Minimal utility conflicts• Geography
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
How to Integrate Streetcars with Existing Transit Services
• Let each system do what it does best!
• Ensure visible and legible connections
• Frequent service rather than timed connections
• Integrated fare media• High quality rider information and way-finding
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
How Much do Streetcar Lines Cost?
• Capital Costs– Estimates using current unit costs– Utility and other variable costs
• Operating Costs– Based on a realistic operating plan– Closely coordinated with King County
Metro– Validated against peer systems
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Streetcar Costs• Operating Costs
– Portland experience: $3.7 million annual, $140/ revenue hour
• Capital Costs– Cost/mile: Portland ($23.7 to 26.3 million/mile)– Modern vehicles: $2.5 – $4.2 million / vehicle
(average $2.9 million)• What drives up the cost?
– Geography, turning movements, etc.– Utility relocation
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Potential Funding Sources• Federal:
– New Starts/Small Starts• Focuses on streetcar, trolley and bus rapid
transit• Projects less than $75 million federal share• Total costs cannot exceed $250 million• Goal is expedited review process• Expect significant competition for funds
• State/Regional funding• City general funds• King County Metro • Tax increment financing• Parking revenues• Local improvement district• Endowment funds
What Makes Streetcars Work? Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates
Candidate CorridorsCenter City “Seattle Connections” routes are initial candidates for streetcar service. Today:• Criteria Evaluation• Mapping Exercise