seattle toolkit 2012: seattle neighborhood greenways

Seattles Neighborhood GreenwaysSEATTLE TOOLKIT 2012

Safe streets

for all.

Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action2

Project Leaders:

Betsy Jacobson

Masters of Landscape Architecture/

Masters of Urban Planning, candidate

University of Washington

Project Advisors:

Louise Grassov, Associate, Architect MAA, Gehl Architects - Urban Quality Consultants

Nancy Rottle, Professor / Director, Green Futures Lab, University of Washington

Darby Watson, Strategic Advisor, City of Seattle, Department of Transportation

Sara Zora, Transportation Planner, City of Seattle, Department of Transportation

CREDITS

Scan | Design Foundation

800 5th Avenue, Ste 4000

Seattle, WA 98104

Tel. no.: 206 892 2092

Email: admin.us@

scandesignfoundation.org

www.scandesignfoundation.org

Green Futures Lab


242 Gould Hall, Box 355734

Seattle, WA 98195

Tel. no.: 206 685 0521

Email: [email protected]

www.greenfutures.washington.edu

Gehl Architects

Urban Quality Consultants

Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv DK-1610

Copenhagen V

Tel. no.: +45 32 950 951

Email: [email protected]

www.gehlarchitects.dk

Jennifer Richter

Masters of Architecture, candidate


This document is downloadable in pdf format from: www.greenfutures.washington.edu/research.php

3Movement through our neighborhoods is

an integral aspect of our daily lives. The

Neighborhood Greenway concept recognizes

the ripe opportunities for making travel

through and between Seattles neighborhoods

safe, enjoyable, healthy and sociable,

contributing to multiple aspects of human and

environmental well-being.

This booklet is meant to serve as a guide for

citizens who want to imagine and promote

Neighborhood Greenways in Seattle, to inspire

as well as provide them with practical tools.

Developed by UW College of Built Environment

students Betsy Jacobson and Jennifer Richter

while working as interns in the UW Green

Futures Lab in Seattle and at Gehl Architects

in Copenhagen, it is based upon research

on exemplary cycling and walking streets

in other cities, study of cycling issues and

opportunities in Seattle, and involvement

with local Neighborhood Greenway activist

groups.

Profound thanks go to Betsy and Jenn for

their careful and inspired study and to the

many people who have given guidance along

the way, especially Darby Watson and Sara

Zora at the City of Seattle, and Louise Grassov

at Gehl Architects. We are ever grateful to

the ScanlDesign Foundation for supporting

this work. It is my sincere hope that this

guide to Seattles Neighborhood Greenways

will be well used and that as a result we will

see people walking and cycling, talking to

their neighbors, and enjoying greener, more

ecological neighborhoods.

Nancy RottleDirector, Green Futures Research and Design LabAssociate Professor, UW Dept of Landscape Architecture

Foreword

We are glad you have chosen to learn about creating Seattles

Neighborhood Greenways. Our Greenways will provide connections

to places you want to go: to school, to your library, your park and

business district and much more. We welcome you to be part of

creating this great city-wide network.

Imagine: in just a few years Seattle can create a network of safer,

more inviting streets and walkways that connect our neighborhoods

to one another. By using the tools described in this guide, your

neighborhood can develop your own welcoming spaces that capture

and showcase your individual spirit.

Greenways have proven to be golden in other cities across our nation

and internationally. Like many other cities have proven, you, your

family, and your neighbors will have new and healthy choices to

get around. You can choose to walk or ride your bike on safe and

protected non-arterial streets. Our goal is to make these Greenways so

safe that you will let your 8-year-old ride to school with confidence.

The timing of this booklet coincides with the update of the 2007

Seattle Bicycle Master Plan. The update will build on the grass

roots greenway movement as a part of a coherent and safe system.

This effort closely follows a series of Seattle Safety Summits, where

hundreds of citizens provided valuable thoughts on how to make

Seattles streets safer for all. In response, the Transportation

Departments 2012 Transportation Action Agenda highlights

Neighborhood Greenway and other safety initiatives.

If you want to learn more about grant opportunities available

to you and your neighbors to create your initial designs, check

out this City of Seattle website: http://www.seattle.gov/grants/

physicalimprovements.htm

Thanks to the University of Washington Green Futures Lab, to

ScanDesign Foundation, Gehl Architects, and the UW students who

have brought the Seattle Neighborhood Greenways Toolkit to life. We

are grateful for your vision.

Sally BagshawSeattle City Councilmember, Chair, Parks and Neighborhood Committee

Peter HahnDirector, Seattle Department of Transportation

Tom RasmussenSeattle City Councilmember, Chair, Transportation Committee

Mayor Mike McGinn Cityof Seattle


From an underutilized street for cars...

...to a safe and inviting

place for people.

5Content

Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06

Learning from the World and

Bringing it Home . . . . . . . . . . . 08

What do Neighborhood Greenways mean? . . . . . . . . 10

What they mean for Seattle . . . . . . . 12

What they mean for a Neighborhood . . . 14

What they mean for a Street . . . . . . . 16

What they mean for People . . . . . . . 18

Physical Elements . . . . . . . . 20

Invitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Wayfinding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Traffic Calming . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Traffic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Modal Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Green Stormwater Infrastructure . . . . . 32

Putting it All Together . . . . . . 34

Do it Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Linking Destinations . . . . . . . . . . 38

Crossing a Busy Street . . . . . . . . . 40

Thinking about the Gaps. . . . . . . . . 42

Limiting Cut-through Traffic . . . . . . . 44

Take Action . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Understanding the Planning Process . . . . 48

A Residents Guide to Working with the City. 50


A Framework Not a Fixed PlanThroughout Seattle,

grassroots efforts and

political will are gaining

momentum in advocacy for

Neighborhood Greenways.

However, the city currently

lacks a unified model for

implementation. Residents

and city officials will need

to develop a framework for

all parties to work together.

Physical changes to the street

and the overall enhancement

of the quality of space will

need to consider both city-

wide priorities and the

specific needs of individual

neighborhoods and

individual streets. Therefore,

the model for the future

creation of Neighborhood

Greenways in Seattle

cannot be established

as a fixed plan, but

must be a framework

which will be able

to support design solutions

suited to each

neighborhoods

context and

resources.

Listening to the PeopleThe intent of Neighborhood Greenways

is to prioritize and invite all users who

wish to walk, bike and play on calmed

residential streets. Neighborhood

Greenways will make streets safer for

non-motorized users, link residential

areas with neighborhood destinations

and incorporate new and inviting

public spaces and amenities along the

route. Individual residents, however,

will have a wide range of current needs

and desires along potential routes. It is

paramount that as many individuals

and perspectives as possible are taken

into account throughout the planning

process. Residents can also learn by

listening to the visions of each other,

such as the potential for ecological

improvements along newly implemented


Getting more from our StreetsNeighborhood Greenways are a step towards creating safer and

more inviting streets for people to walk and bike. Neighborhood

Greenways provide new options for mobility and public spaces

that will enhance Seattles overall transportation network.

Prior street planning efforts have focused too heavily on the

movement and storage of motor vehicles, and in turn, many

residential streets are currently over-designed and over-

prioritized for cars. Many drivers have

developed the sense that vehicles have

ownership over the roadways and as

consequence, far too many neighborhood

trips are made by car. There is an

opportunity to transform residential roads

into comfortable and safe places to walk,

cycle and enjoy.

I want a safe place where I can teach my kids to ride a bike.

Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action

I want an even better neighborhood for walking.

I want to keep happy and healthy and stay active everyday.

We want to meet our friends and be part of a lively community.

7Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action

Think StrategicallyThe City of Seattle supports the concept

of Neighborhood Greenways but public

funds and resources are limited. Both

the city staff and neighborhood groups should be as

opportunistic as possible and to be on the lookout for

innovative collaborations. Currently, there are streets

which have the potential to become a Neighborhood

Greenway with only a few minor infrastructure

changes, yielding significant improvements in safety

and connections with little investment of cost

and time. There are also a number of potential

partners that might be able to help fund both

immediate and/or future-

oriented street enhancements.

Involved residents and the city

should continuously aim to

consider how to achieve multiple

goals rather than acting abruptly with

short-term, piecemeal improvements. Such

strategic thinking can greatly impact the

future success and development of Seattle


I want to get from my house to a larger network of bike lanes and trails.

I want a to see less cut-through traffic when Im in my garden.

Win-Win BenefitsIn addition to creating safer and more inviting

streets, Neighborhood Greenways have a number

of broader benefits. By incorporating more

support for outdoor and physical activities,

studies show that the overall public health and

personal sense of happiness of residents is likely

to improve. By making streets more attractive and

by linking residential homes to local businesses,

housing real estate values are predicted to

increase as is the likelihood that more people will

shop locally. By adding ecological infrastructure

to capture and filter stormwater, the street will

become not only more aesthetically pleasing, but

will also increase the amount of natural habitat

and add

biodiversity.

Inclusive ApproachNeighborhood Greenways are wide scale projects involving the

entire city of Seattle. Residents, business leaders, politicians and

city staff should all be invited to participate in the planning and

design. Ultimately, by involving as many people as possible in the

process, in addition to seeing benefits in increased transportation

options, residents might also develop a heightened sense of

ownership for ones neighborhood, stronger community ties

between neighbors and more comfort in better knowing ones

neighborhood.

I want to drive to the grocery store and park my car outside my door.

I want to enjoy my daily walk to the bus when I go to work.

We want to continue our conversation while riding to get coffee.

I want to make my deliveries more efficiently.

I want to grow up in a world with clean air and water I can swim in.


Learning from the World and Bringing it Home

In Bogota, Columbia, the government recognized

mobility improvements as an instrument to

enhance social equality. Rather than investing

in car-oriented projects, Bogot prioritized

affordable public transportation and pedestrian/

cycle networks. Subsequent public improvements

continued to focus on linkages for pedestrians and

bicyclists to the citys major transportation routes,

parks and community centers. Simultaneously, a

walking/cycle culture is growing through popular

events like Car-free Sundays.

Take awayCycling increased 268% between 2000-2007.

Currently, more than 23% of trips made by the citys

lowest income residents are by foot or bicycle. By

prioritizing bicycling and pedestrian mobility, the

government has created a more balanced network

of transportation across the city.

New York City recognized a need to enhance

pedestrian safety, decrease congestion and

increase the amount of public space. Acting

quickly, using paint, low-cost car buffers and

lawn chairs as street furniture, the city made

immediate street improvements. In four years

the city added 340 miles of bike lanes and 3.5

acres of pedestrian walkways and public space.

These rapid investments led to a dramatic drop in

traffic injuries, better connected neighborhoods

and faster travel times. A year-long study showed

cycling doubled, injuries decreased more than 50%

and vehicle traffic efficiency improved by 7.5%.

Take awayBy working with quick implementation, the city

also saw quick results. They tracked these results

and now have the statistics to support more costly,

but also more permanent and higher quality street

and public space enhancements.

EQUALITYBogot, Colombia

A ROCKET START New York City, U.S.A.

ALAMEDA EL PORVENIRALAMEDA EL PORVENIR


Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action 9

With a declining economy and population, the

government of Malm, Sweden recognized the

need to improve the quality, appeal and brand

of the city. Spurred by the citys transformation

from an industrial-based economy to a

knowledge-based economy, the city decided to

strategically invest in world-leading sustainability

improvements. One of the first projects was

Augustenborg, a rehabilitated neighborhood

focused on recycling, green roofs and stormwater

management.

Take awayMalm has become a model of sustainability

unlike anywhere else in the world. Visitors,

scholars and politicians travel from around the

world to Augustenborg to witness the use of various

environmental techniques. Malm is continuing

to develop its approach to sustainability, as

not only good for the environment, but also in

strengthening the image and brand of the city.

Home Zones are streets with unique layouts that

cause the street to act and feel as equally shared

space. Within a Home Zone, the speed limit of

vehicles is set to 10 miles per hour. Pedestrians,

cyclists and residents use the space for recreational

and social engagement and cars are treated as

invited guests. Typically the street is non-linear,

which not only calms traffic but also creates

various spaces to be used as public space for things

such as: bike parking, seating, or a place to drink a

cup of tea.

Take awayMany public space amenities have also been added

to the streetscape of a Home Zone. Public seating,

flower beds, play areas, street lights and trees offer

several community benefits beyond traffic calming.

Home Zones also enhance the aesthetics of the

street and have been shown to have increased the

value of adjacent homes.

SUSTAINABILITY Malm, Sweden

PLACEMAKINGLeeds, UK



What do Neighborhood Greenways mean?

The City of Seattle is working to enhance transportation options in the city

and Neighborhood Greenways will become an integral part of the process.

Reducing vehicle speeds and traffic volume is necessary for safe Neighborhood

Greenways, but by creating inviting space for non-motorized users,

Neighborhood Greenways can also bring about larger scale neighborhood and

environmental improvements.


Neighborhood Greenways ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience that

safely connects community services and amenities. There are a number of

benefits to the city, neighborhoods, streets and people, such as: more efficient

traffic flow and fewer collisions, increase in local economic activity and real

estate values, more fitness opportunities leading towards better public health,

reductions in CO2 emissions, increased native habitat and biodiversity and

more pleasant and beautiful streets.


Eighty percent of Seattles publicly owned land is used for streets. Historically, streets have been dominated by the movement of vehicles but as more people choose to walk and bike, the Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) wants to address a wider range of needs. The introduction of Neighborhood Greenways in the updated Bicycle Master Plan provides another alternative in transportation and represents an important step to creating a complete network.

CITY OF SEATTLE PLANNING EFFORTS

safety, environment, health and quality

TimeCAR DOMINATED RECREATION AND

BIKE COMMUTER

NEIGHBORHOOD

GREENWAYS

TODA

YS

CHAL

LENG

ES

What Neighborhood Greenways mean for Seattle

ENVIRO

NMEN

TDuring rainfall, the combination of sewage and stormwater may EXCEED THE CAPACITY OF SEATTLE S DRAINAGE SYSTEM and overflow into waterways. Though annual overflows have been drastically reduced it is still not enough to protect Seattles waterways and to comply with the Clean Water Act.3.

City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities. seattle.gov, 2011.S

AFETYBetween 2000 and 2009 in King County,

19 CYCLISTS and 238 PEDESTRIANS lost their lives to cars, while injuries sent another 423 CYCLISTS and 1,656 PEDESTRIANS to our hospital wards for two days or more after being hit by cars.

The Stranger, 2011. QUALITYCycling to work also goes together

with HAPPINESS. The percentage of cycling commuters is positively associated with levels of happiness and well-being.

The Atlantic, 2011.HEALTH

In 2010, NO STATE HAD A PREVALENCE OF OBESITY LESS THAN 20%.

#1 reason to go to Seattle Childrens Hospital: OBESITY.

Nunes-Ueno, Paulo, Seattle Childrens

Hospital, 2008.

Center for Disease, Control and

Prevention. cdc.gov, 2011.



THE CHANCE A MOTORIST WILL COLLIDE WITH A CYCLIST OR PEDESTRIAN IS REDUCED BY 66% IN COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE TWICE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE BIKING OR WALKING. COLLISIONS RATES DECLINE WHEN MORE PEOPLE ARE ON THE STREET.

IMPROVING BICYCLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND WALKING ENVIRONMENTS WITHIN 2 MILES OF SEATTLES URBAN VILLAGES COULD SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE CONNECTIVITY TO NEIGHBORHOOD AMENITIES ACROSS ALL OF THE CITY.

NEARLY 70% OF ALL TRIPS IN AMERICA ARE TWO MILES OR LESS...

2 mi

...90% OF THEM ARE BY CAR

Jacobsen, Peter. Injury Prevention, 2003.

.5 MI10 MIN WALK

2 MI15 MIN BIKE


Great neighborhoods bring residents together to foster relationships and support a greater sense of community. In many Seattle neighborhoods it is already possible to get to local destinations in a relatively short walk or bike ride, yet many people still choose to drive. Neighborhood Greenways can significantly improve the safety and social experience of getting around ones own neighborhood, inviting more residents to choose to walk or bike to local destinations.

Although biking provides physical activity, health is jeopardized when cyclists inhale car exhaust.

Rainwater picks up pollutants from pavement and enters water bodies.

Small details affect how a pedestrian experiences a street.

Routes along steep topography and hills discourage cyclists from biking daily.

What Neighborhood Greenways mean for a Neighborhood

CO2 EMISSIONS (KG/CO2/YEAR BASED ON A 6 MILE COMMUTE)

CAR6882041441369600

LOCAL BUS

LOCAL TRAIN/METRO

REGIONAL TRAIN

CYCLING

WALKING

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Gehl Architects, 2011.Farr, Douglas Sustainable

Urbanism, 2008.

RESIDENTS LIVING IN WALKABLE URBAN COMMUNITIES USE HALF AS MUCH ENERGY IN BTUS PER CAPITA AS THEIR SUBURBAN COUNTERPARTS.



Direct connections to libraries, schools, parks and local destinations

Links to local business districts

Connects to public transit

Links with bike and pedestrian paths, trails and networks

Routes that parallel arterial roads

Traffic calming where needed

Frank/Andresen/Schmid, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2004.

Raisman, Greg. Portland Bureau of Transportation, 2011.

...MOST OF THIS IS USED FOR INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS.

$$$

$$$ ONLY 1% OF PORTLANDS BICYCLE INFRASTRUCTURE IS GREENWAYS.

10% OF ALL MILES BIKED IN PORTLAND OCCURRED ON GREENWAYS.

Dill, Jennifer. Journal of Public Health and Safety, 2009.

Routes avoid potentially dangerous areas with high traffic congestion

Safe crossings at key intersections

Consistent wayfinding

Route respect existing topography

Abundant trees and vegetation

Variety of natural systems to manage stormwater

Frequent places to stop and linger

Streets have less than 1,000 cars a day and an average speed of less that 20 mph


PORTLAND GREENWAYS COST ROUGHLY $250,000 PER MILE...


What Neighborhood Greenways mean for a Street

Neighborhood Greenways enhance safety for those who wish to walk or bike, without preventing cars from getting where they need to go. Each street and intersection presents a unique set of circumstances for which a variety of physical elements can be employed to reduce traffic volumes and retain low speeds. By carefully considering how physical elements are arranged new functions can occur within the roadway.

WHETHER A TRAFFIC COLLISION OCCURS AND HOW SEVERE THE INJURIES ARE, IS DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO SPEED. WITH LOWER SPEEDS SOME COLLISIONS CAN BE AVOIDED AND INJURIES ARE LIKELY TO BE LESS SEVERE.

+

BRAKING DISTANCE

REACTION DISTANCE

TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE

SPEED (MPH)

FATA

LITY

RIS

K (%

)

0 19 30 40

100

5

85

45

Cyclists often share sidewalk with pedestrians, causing potential conflict and confusion.

Intersections with arterials are unmarked and confusing.

Streets do not always drain during major storm events.

Streets are dominated by cars, leaving no room for bicyclists to safely share the road.

19 mph

30 mph42 FT

26 FT 16 FT

89 FT

46 FT 43 FT

Calm Down, The Economist, 2011. Calm Down, The Economist, 2011.

19 MPH = 5% OR LESS RISK OF FATAL INJURY



THE DAILY ACTIVITY MOST INJURIOUS TO HAPPINESS IS COMMUTING (BY CAR).

Brooks, David. The New York Times. March 29, 2010.Donovan, Geoffrey and Jeffrey Prestemon.

Environmental and Behavior, 2010.

Travel lanes wide enough for bicyclists to travel comfortably

Appropriately placed and pedestrian-scaled signageSeating and public

places to stop

Integrated vehicle flow and parking

Sense of ownership

Protects existing trees and vegetation

Street and sidewalk lighting

Opportunities for physical activity and play

Continuous sidewalks

Natural systems to manage stormwater

Attention at all cross streets

Retains service and emergency vehicle access

TREES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER CRIME RATES. THE EFFECT OF TREES ON A HOUSE'S LOT IS MORE MIXED. LOT TREES SMALL ENOUGH TO BLOCK THE VIEW FROM A FIRST-FLOOR WINDOW INCREASE CRIME OCCURRENCE, WHILE LARGER LOT TREES DECREASED CRIME OCCURRENCE.

Residents living in adjoining houses provide eyes on the street at all times of the day

More people interacting on the streets



WEST EWING STREET,INTERBAY / MAGNOLIA NEIGHBORHOOD

This multi- use trail is an integral link to regional bike and walking trails but receives a very poor rating (frown) in most areas when compared to the Quality Criteria checklist.

What Neighborhood Greenways mean for People

Pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicle drivers each experience a street differently. A car may travel on a residential street at 25 mph, whereas an average adult walking along the sidewalk will move at a speed of 3 mph and an average bicyclist will go down the street at 7 mph. Each of these users eye levels and peripheral vision will be at different heights and ranges. These details significantly affect perceived distances, the ability to recognize signage and overall enjoyment of a route.

Neighborhood Greenways should provide connections, safety, enjoyable spaces and comfortable movement. A list of Quality Criteria has been developed to ensure the best possible conditions for pedestrians and cyclists. This can be used to evaluate designs pre- and post-implementation and throughout all stages of the public engagement process.

HIGH POINT DRIVE SOUTHWEST,WEST SEATTLE NEIGHBORHOOD

This street is not designated as a special route but produces many good (smile) ratings based on comparison with the Quality Criteria checklist.

With the simple addition of legible signage and pavement markings, this street can easily be transformed into a high quality Neighborhood Greenway.

2 EXAMPLES USING QUALITY CRITERIA TO EVALUATE A STREET


19

Links Neighborhood

Connects to regional trails and other bicycle facilities

Route travels close to local business activities

Connect schools, public spaces and neighborhood amenities

Integration with Street Hierarchy

Accessible from nearby residences Maintains adequate street parking Street layout that allows emergency

vehicle and delivery access Heavier traffic routed to arterials

Protection from Unpleasant Sensory Experiences

Reduction of vehicles cutting through neighborhood and accompanied pollution, noise, and dust

Protection from ambient noise Clean environment without trash or litter

Deterrent of Crime and Violence

Active residential buildings provide passive surveillance and eyes on the street

Overlapping functions and use throughout the day

Appropriate lighting in evening hours

Protection Against Collisions

Defined and protected arterial crossings Reduced motor vehicle speed Dry surface that drains water Clear sight lines No impeding obstacles Visibility and small scaled lighting on

paths and obstacles

Connections

Safety and Protection

Neighborhood Identity

Spaces for spontaneous activities to encourage getting to know your neighbor

Opportunities for art and local activity Street designs that reflect natural and

historic character Sense of ownership and responsibility

Visually Appealing Landscape

Interesting views and vistas Abundant trees and vegetation Spaces designed for a full range of ages Trees to protect from wind and adverse

climate Delineation between private and public

spaces

Opportunities to Stop

Fun and playful experiences dispersed throughout a route

Overlapping activities Protection against weather Bicycle parking close to destinations Appropriate furniture for activities Variety of places to sit with street

furniture that encourages conversations

Opportunities to Interact and Exercise

Travel lanes wide enough for bicyclists to travel comfortably

Visual and interesting experiences placed at regular intervals

Ease in Finding and Understanding a Route

Recognizable street designs at the pedestrian scale

Clear signage at gaps between links Legible wayfinding to nearby destinations

Comfort to Walk, and Bike

Route responds to existing topography Continuous routes and minimization of

obstacles Smooth and comfortable pavement Guaranteed pedestrian paths that

especially consider the needs of children, elderly, and the disabled

Enjoyable Spaces

Comfortable Movement

A City-wide Network

Connections from one neighborhood to another (may need to use other bicycles facilities)

Removes barriers and detours for efficient bicycle and pedestrian flow

Connects to transit stops and other modes of transportation


Physical Elements

Physical changes in street layout and design are usually needed to enhance

user experience. All citizens can provide valuable ideas for how physical

elements can be used and where they should be placed. Therefore, it will be

beneficial for residents, community leaders, designers and city officials to be

familiar with the language involved in basic street design.

21

To understand their purpose and intention, this section breaks down the

physical elements of Neighborhood Greenways into six categories. Images

from Seattle and around the world are used to depict a range of proven and

innovative strategies.

Additional examples and links to resources are available on the Seattle Neighborhood Greenways Toolkit and Resource pages:

neighborhoodgreenwayssea.wordpress.com


Incorporating dynamic elements into Neighborhood Greenways both enhances the experience of moving along the street and provides amenities that invite users to stop and linger.

Invitations

Key ConsiderationsProvide a variety of open spaces that might invite individuals from

different cultures, ages, gender and incomes to interact.

Provide safe bicycle parking facilities at all major destinations and

public transport nodes.

Maintain adequate maintenance of new amenities.

The use of high quality, sustainable materials bestows a sense of

pride to a place, communicating the importance of the space.

Cultivate and look for opportunities for public education. Signs,

interactive displays and community boards can tell about the history

and the environment of a place or of the people living there.

New elements should be well integrated in the street with a human

scaled design that supports the identity, character and use of the

neighborhood.

23

Street furniture and other

amenities can be added. Street

furniture provides people with a

reason to linger and also ensures

that movement along routes is

pleasurable and interesting.

Seating Planters Water fountain Lighting Overhead protection Exercise stations Public art Bike racks and bays Community kiosks/boards Bike repair station

Small and inviting spaces are

created by enhancing public land

situated between a street and

other elements such as a building,

wall, or public art. The spaces

are protected from unpleasant

experiences and can be used to

highlight community stories and

identity.

Urban gardens Public art Pocket Parks Water features Screens History walk

Furniture and Amenities

New Public Spaces

Community Information Board was built as part of a city repair project. Portland, OR

Bicycle repair stations provide tools and air. Austin, TX

Seating can be creatively integrated into the streetscape. Seattle, WA

Staircase runnels help the cyclist maneuver. DK

Tents and chairs are used during pop-up events in the street. Seattle, WA

Located in the street right-of-way, this community cob oven is shared and constructed by local residents. Portland, OR

Designed by a local artist, this gate screens a garage and creates a visually interesting stop along the sidewalk. Seattle, WA


As part of a community-generated art project, this painted intersection creates a sense of arrival and identity. Seattle, WA


Wayfinding visually directs people along Neighborhood Greenways and informs them about what is nearby. It also gives motorists visual clues to expect more people biking, walking, and enjoying the street.

Wayfinding

Key ConsiderationsExcess street signs can clutter the visual landscape and become a

distraction for drivers. The use of street signs should be limited and

integrated with existing vertical elements.

Signage should always be placed to the right of the direction of travel.

Wayfinding should be sized appropriately for the user. For example,

pedestrian signage should be located at eye level.

Additional pavement markings initiated by residents can provide a

sense of ownership while also alerting other road users to expect an

increase of cyclists and pedestrians on the street.

Community art projects can establish clear landmarks that assist

cyclists and pedestrians in navigating through their neighborhoods.

Place indicator signage wherever a Neighborhood Greenway

intersects another residential street.

25

Signage is typically used at

intersections or near destinations

to notify bicyclists and pedestrians

of the proper direction to travel.

These signs can also include the

distance to regional trails and

neighborhood destinations.

Motorist-scaled signs Directional signage Public art or object

Pavement markings remind

all users they are using or

intersecting a Neighborhood

Greenway. Variations in color,

patterns, and surface materials

alert users that they have entered

a different type of street and will

make them aware of potential

danger and conflict zones.

Strip of colored road paint Bicycle sharrow stencil Painted intersection Stamped concrete

Signage

Pavement Markings

Purple was one of the few noticeable colors not already used for city-wide traffic signage. Berkeley, CA

Signage alerts motorists that bicycles have priority and should yield when turning. Seattle, WA

The small scale and placement of this sign is designed specifically for the needs of bicyclists. Copenhagen, DK

Bicycle sharrow stencil flower indicates the intersection of two Neighborhood Greenways. Portland, OR

Pavement paintings and material changes are incorporated into the entire streets design. New Zealand

Painted dots playfully indicate who is allowed and invited onto the street. Chongqing, China


Striped bike lanes are highly visible to vehicle drivers and directs cyclists through major intersections. Barcelona, Spain


Traffic Calming

Traffic calming encourages both bicyclists and motorists to slow down and share the road. By using the right combination of visual cues and physical changes along a street, the behavior of cars, bicyclists and pedestrians will change.

Key ConsiderationsTraffic calming must be used at appropriate intervals throughout the

entire length of a Neighborhood Greenway and will vary depending

on original street conditions .

Combine green stormwater infrastructure and other public amenities

with traffic calming to efficiently achieve multiple objectives.

At intersections with a Neighborhood Greenway, physical elements

placed between vehicle traffic lanes (such as a pedestrian refuge

island) can temporarily reduce the street width and slow traffic to a

safer speed.

Ensure that the travel lane maintains a minimum width of 11 feet.

On two-way streets, the overall width of vehicular travel space can be

reduced to 20 feet without additional traffic analysis by extending the

curb or introducing vehicle parking.

A cyclists path might be affected by inconsistent curb lines. Ensure

that curb extensions are gradual and do not force a bicyclist abruptly

into a vehicle travel lane.

20 mph zone

27

Changes in street layout force

drivers to become more aware of

their surroundings. By narrowing

the road at an intersection,

motorists turning speeds are

reduced as is the distance for

a crossing pedestrian. Slight

shifts in the travel lane along a

route slow speeds and improve

the visibility of approaching

pedestrians and bicyclists.

Chicane Mini traffic circle Pinch point Neckdown (curb extension or

bulb out)

Median crossing Reducing turning radius Roadway narrowing Medians

Speed bumps are installed mid-block to reduce auto traffic to 20-25 mph. just before and after the bump.

Raised interruptions placed mid-

block or at intersections will slow

the speed of motor vehicles.

Speed humps Speed table Raised crosswalks Raised intersections Material changes

Change Street Layout

Raised Interruptions

Neckdowns extend the curb to reduce street width and crosswalks can be integrated to minimize the crossing distance.

This chicane interrupts traffic flow by momentarily allowing bicyclists to travel on the side of the road. Portland, OR

Median crossings provide a haven for pedestrians at arterial crossings and narrow the street. Copenhagen, DK

A series of barriers on alternative sides of the street create a meandering lane for cars. Seattle, WA

By regrading the street, speed tables are designed to maintain slower speed levels. In this example the middle of the table has been raised to the height of the sidewalk. Copenhagen, DK

Speed humps are inexpensive tool to temporarily slow vehicle speed but can also be uncomfortable for bicyclists, especially with trailers. Portland, OR

The physical design and implementation of each raised interruption can vary along a route.



Traffic control manages vehicles by limiting the number of motorists on the street and the speed at which they travel. The intent is not to prevent vehicles from getting to where they need to go but to encourage the use of arterials, improving efficiency and safety of the entire transportation network.

Traffic Control

Key ConsiderationsUse traffic control measures only when other traffic calming measures will

not achieve needed speed reductions.

Unnecessary traffic signals can encourage red light running and/or

jaywalking. By rerouting high speed vehicles to arterials, some existing

traffic signals may not be necessary.

Clearly indicate how bicycles and pedestrians are expected to travel

through all traffic barriers.

Maintain sight lines at every crossing.

29

Physical barriers and deviations

limit or restrict vehicle traffic

from entering a Neighborhood

Greenway from a busier street.

This keeps cars from cutting

through on neighborhood streets

and can provide neighborhood

park space while maintaining full

pedestrian and bicycle access.

Full street closure Partial street closure Diagonal diverter Directional closure One-way streets

Traffic rules affect how people

behave as they move through a

street but they are successful only

if people are educated and streets

are designed to reinforce the rules.

Reduced speed limit Hand signals, helmets, bike

light

Speed cameras Traffic garden Blinking speedometer

Physical Barriers

Traffic Rules

Diagonal diverters prevent cars from continuing down a street by forcing them to turn. Portland, OR

Consistently using hand signals and following traffic rules informs all users about what to expect. Roseville, MN

A stop sign forces travellers to stop and look for cross traffic before entering a Neighborhood Greenway.

As a reminder to motorists, 20 mph speed limit is painted in tall letters at regular intervals along the route. New York City, NY

Full street closures use raised features or barriers to prevent any vehicle from entering a street.

Choker entrances allow bicycles to turn onto side streets, while blocking vehicles from entering. Altadena. FL


Contraflow bike lanes allow bicycles to travel in both directions on a one-way street. Portland, OR


Neighborhood Greenways create shared spaces where bicycles and cars travel at a similar speed and pedestrians can safely cross the street. There will be times, however, where it is necessary to separate modes to reduce potential conflict between users.

Modal Separation

Key ConsiderationsAlways keep the slowest traffic on the right-hand side: pedestrians,

then bikes, then cars .

Ideally, a change in curb height from a travel lane to a dedicated

bicycle path to sidewalk should be 3 inches between each path.

It is always safer for bicyclists to travel in the same direction as

motorized traffic. Where feasible, avoid placing a two-way bicycle

lane on one side of a two-way street.

Never direct cyclists onto the narrow space of a residential sidewalk

unless there are no other safe alternatives.

A 6-foot wide bicycle lane is needed for riders to continue a

conversation while riding comfortably.

31

Clear delineation between bicycles

and pedestrians allow both users

to move at comfortable speeds

without interruptions or conflict.

Sidewalk Bollards Ground material changes Vegetated strip Variation in curb height

Separating bicycles from motorists

provides protection when

bicyclists must travel near busier

traffic. It can also make bicyclists

more visible to motorists.

Pedestrian bridge Bicycle sidepath (cycle track) Contraflow bike lane Bicycle forward stop bar Bicycle sharrow Buffered bicycle lane

Bicycles and Pedestrians

Bicycles and Cars

Traffic islands on busier streets guide bicyclists to cross in the middle of the intersection and pedestrians at sidewalks. Portland, OR

A smooth ground material differentiates where bicycles travel on a wide sidewalk. Malm, Sweden

Bikes and pedestrians take advantage of shortcuts when each are given their own space to travel through. Copenhagen, DK

Offering a separated bike path through a park encourages bicyclists as they take advantage of neighborhood shortcuts. Seattle, WA

Parked cars are used to protect bikers on the cycle track from vehicle flow. Copenhagen, DK

Bicycle stop bars allow a bike to go to the front of the vehicle stop sign, making them more visible to drivers. Portland, OR

Painted double lines allow bicycles to travel in both directions on a one-way street. Seattle, WA



Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) is the practice of managing stormwater using natural systems. This technique can be used to clean runoff before it flows into streams, lakes, and bays and to reduce demand on our existing sewer system. This can also increase aesthetics and improve biodiversity within the streetscape.

Green Stormwater Infrastructure

RAINWISE

Key ConsiderationsTaller trees typically allow better sight lines. Scale trees and

vegetation appropriately to retain good visual overview for bicyclists

and pedestrians.

Integrate as many green stormwater infrastructure components as

possible into each block of a Neighborhood Greenway.

Consider how Green Stormwater Infrastructure can be combined

with other interventions, such as curb extensions or seating.

Protect existing trees and roots.

Educate neighbors about Green Stormwater infrastructure by

incorporating educational signage and interpretation.

Reclaim the 30-feet near intersections where vehicles are restricted

from parking, to combine curb extensions with rain gardens.

33

Trees and vegetation can

significantly reduce the

amount of stormwater runoff.

Evapotranspiration captures

rainwater in the leaves and

the roots soak up water and

increase the ability of soil to

store precipitation. Vegetation

can be incorporated with other

GSI techniques to increase

effectiveness and appearance.

Native and drought tolerant plants, Street trees,

Greenroofs, Green screens

Trees and Vegetation

Infiltration

Water Reuse

Infiltration techniques are designed

to hold standing water for a period

of time before eventually infiltrating

or flowing into the sewer system.

This cleans polluted water and

slows the time it takes for water to

reach the sewer, which prevents

system overload during large storm

events.

Raingardens, Bioswales, Stream daylighting, Infiltration

trench, Detention basin,

Permeable pavement, Planted

pavers

Water Reuse captures and stores

rainwater that would normally

run directly into the sewer. This

treats water as a resources rather

than a waste by using the water

for productive uses like flushing

toilets or irrigation.

Downspout disconnection, Rain barrels or cistern, Water

runnels, Underground facility

Sidewalk curves to protect mature trees and their roots. Berkeley, CA

Green screens introduce three-dimensional element. Copenhagen, DK

A green roof has been integrated into a bus shelter to absorb the rainfall that lands on it. London, UK

Infiltration strip filters water before discharging into the sewer system. Portland, OR

Interlocking permeable pavers allow water to infiltrate between and into the pavement. Denver, CO

This raingarden takes advantage of the reclaimed space used for traffic calming. Portland, OR

Bioswales run parallel to traffic lanes and can be used to narrow the road and provide small habitat corridors. Seattle, WA

This cistern becomes a sculptural art piece and public education tool. Seattle, WA

Open and closed trenches/runnels integrated into the sidewalk carry water to where it can be used. Malm, Sweden



Putting it Together

To envision what Neighborhood Greenways could be, these street design

collages combine a number of physical elements in locations throughout

the city. They are shown at actual sites and are meant to illustrate one of

several alternatives to address a site-specific problem. The sites were selected

after discussions with existing neighborhood group leaders and analysis of

potential connections. However, each neighborhood and route will encounter

similar situations and these visual collages can provide inspiration and

generate discussions.


The strategies and changes applied to the street were inspired by real-world

examples. The designs were developed with the Quality Criteria in mind to

ensure that each key issue was addressed. After putting together the principles

of Neighborhood Greenways, the physical elements and the Quality Criteria

checklist, we hope Seattle residents are one step closer to safer and more

inviting streets.


Do it Yourself

Not every street will be officially designated as a Neighborhood Greenway, but neighbors can work together to achieve many of the same results. With careful route planning and a few low-cost additions, homeowners can contribute to the creation of a safe and well-connected network. These investments will make this typical residential street more inviting while also demonstrating the neighborhoods commitment to additional transportation options.

45th Avenue SW, West Seattle

SEATTLEAVG45TH sT SW


Homes and windows out onto the street provide natural surveillance and a perceived sense of safety.

Rain barrel captures roof runoff that is stored for later use in the garden.

* Raingarden built by homeowner and funded by the Seattle Residential RainWise program.

Neighbors gain a sense of ownership and look after their street.

* May require City permit

37Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action

Hand signals kindly remind users that they equally share the street.

* Neighbors collectively designate one car parking space for 8 guest bicycle parking spaces.

* Mid-block painting of graph tracks the average calories burned by people choosing to bike and walk down the street.

Temporary furniture donated by residents bring a sense of life and activity.

Introduction of high visibility elements used to slow car traffic.

Map of potential Neighborhood Greenways invites people to start using the route to connect to destinations.


Linking Destinations

A school and a park are separated by a potential Neighborhood Greenway but the lack of buildings along the street edge makes the block feel unwelcoming. An enhanced mid-block crossing can be integrated with a curb extension to narrow the travel lane. This shortens the crossing distance for pedestrians, slows vehicular traffic and identifies entrances to the two destinations.

45th Avenue NE, Laurelhurst

SEAT

TLE

AVG

45TH

sT

SW


Terraced P-Patch brings activity to an otherwise uninteresting hillside.

Flashing LED lighting within the pavement inform riders of upcoming obstacle.

Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action 39Vision Neighborhood Greenway? Physical Elements Putting it Together Take Action

Neckdown forces cars to slow down by temporarily narrowing the travel lane to 17 feet.

Sidewalk height is extended by raising the crosswalk 3 above the street, creating a speed table to slow cars.

Pavement marking directs bicycles to the right of the street where they are momentarily separated from the vehicle travel lane.

Appropriately scaled signage informs bikers of nearby attractions.

Parking spots on both side of the street are removed to improve visibility.


Developed as a pilot project, permeable pavers denote vehicle parking and visually narrow the road when no cars are parked.

Crossing a Busy Street

A park is separated from neighborhood residences by an arterial street. By narrowing the road to two lanes, a median refuge island can be placed between the travel lanes to momentarily divert drivers. This provides pedestrians and cyclists a haven while crossing the arterial and partially restricts vehicles from turning onto the Neighborhood Greenway.

S Spokane Street + Lafayette Avenue S, Beacon Hill

SEAT

TLE

AVG

45TH

sT

SW


Walking and running path separated from two-way bicycle path by a buffer.


Interpretive signage tells about the history of the park and its relationship to the neighborhood.

Median refuge island designed wide enough for two passing bicycles or for a cargo bike to safely wait.

Median island restricts vehicles from turning onto the Neighborhood Greenway.

Combined raingarden and curb extension replaces the pavement 30 feet in front of the stop sign.

High visibility signage and pavement markings inform vehicles they are approaching a crossing.

Existing tree protected and incorporated into the path layout.

Pedestrian scaled lighting illuminates the intersection of cycle path and sidewalk.


Thinking about the Gaps

Due to shifting street grids, some Neighborhood Greenways cannot cross an arterial in a straight line and bicyclists and pedestrians must temporarily travel along a busier road. This can be dangerous unless riders are separated from car traffic. A one-way cycle track creates a safe route for bicyclists who will then use a highly visible crossing to enter back onto a Neighborhood Greenway. Stormwater features can be integrated to further help separate bicyclists and pedestrians from heavy traffic.

NW 65th Street + 22nd Avenue NW, Ballard

SEATTLE

AVG

45TH

sT SW


Strictly enforced speed limits increases the safety of non-vehicle traffic.

One way cycletrack on both sides of the street direct cyclists to safe crossing across arterial.


Legible and consistent city-wide wayfinding indicates travel path. Curb cut realigned and

ADA crossing marks.

Filtration strip creates a buffer to protect bicyclists from vehicle traffic.

A striped bike lane and a highly visible crosswalk increase crossing safety.

Gradual curb extension eases cyclist into the cycle sidepath while also slowing the speed of turning vehicles.

User scaled lighting increases safety and usage during evening hours .

Sidewalks resurfaced with permeable pavement to soak up rainwater.

Residents maintain existing green strip that separates pedestrian and bicycle movement.


Limiting Cut-through Traffic

In high-traffic areas where major roads intersect, neighborhoods might experience cut-through traffic. A diagonal diverter placed one or two blocks away from an arterial street can restrict the vehicle traffic from making shortcuts on Neighborhood Greenways. In this example, the diverter is constructed by placing rain gardens into the intersection with small openings for pedestrians and bicyclists to easily travel through the barrier.

47th Street NE + NW 9th Avenue, University District

SEAT

TLE

AVG

45TH

sT

SW


Barrier diverts traffic while retaining vehicle access to local destinations.

Sidewalk improvements increase mobility for children, elderly and disabled.


Public art incorporated within bioswale.

Opening wide enough for bicycles to comfortably move through the barrier.

Curb cuts capture rainwater runoff from the pavement.

Mix of housing types provide additional eyes on the street.

Potholes and pavement improvements during construction and subsequent maintenance prioritized.

Reappropriated public space for temporary uses.


Take Action

The City is developing a comprehensive model for planning and constructing

Neighborhood Greenways. This means that the physical elements, the layout,

and the quality of the infrastructure in one neighborhood will be similar to

that in another. A city wide strategy for design, development, implementation,

and evaluation will ultimately facilitate a complete network of Neighborhood

Greenways.


In order to have the greatest amount of success, this project must have broad

involvement and support from both citizens and interest groups, and from

both the private and public sectors. Many grassroots efforts have already

begun and by working effectively within a public engagement process, those

involved can contribute first-hand knowledge and advocate for their own

needs and desires.


OR

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CAPTUR

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INVITE P

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EVALUATE AND IMPROVE

Understanding the Planning Process

The Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) will incorporate Neighborhood Greenways in the Seattle Bicycle Master Plan update. SDOT will oversee coordination with other city departments and initiate a public engagement process. The diagram on the following pages is modeled after Portlands public engagement process and illustrates how communities could effectively engage in planning their own Neighborhood Greenways.

EVALUATIONSeries of questionnaires and post-construction evaluation will ensure quality insurance and help secure future funding.

APPROVAL & CONSTRUCTIONAfter official approval and public support, project will be built.

OPEN HOUSE: ALTERNATIVE DESIGNSSeek comments on design and present construction schedule.


OR

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CAPTUR

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INVITE P

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DEF

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THE

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INFORM,

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IDENTIFY DESTINATIONS

AND POSSIBLE ROUTESEXPLOR

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INTERNAL STRATEGYCoordinate with SPU, Parks, Neighborhoods, OSE and other City departments.

The concept is simple and we learned that implementing the concept

is cost effective, too.

IDENTIFY NEIGHBORHOODAND ANALYSISNotify residents that their neighborhood is being considered and prioritize potential routes.

OPEN HOUSE: ROUTE SELECTIONPresent overall concept and possible routes. Without public support, another route will be selected.

DESIGN & ENGINEERINGPlanners and engineers choose from approved toolbox of traditional and innovative design elements.

Bagshaw, Sally. Sally Blogshaw. March 09, 2011.



DEFINE THE SCOPE

Clearly define the borders of the neighborhood. Typically administrative or geographical borders will apply but steep slopes or watersheds may create a natural boundary.

Survey potential users to better understand their needs. For example, school children can fill out questionnaires where they describe the route they use for coming to school.

Consider how Neighborhood Greenways could help accomplish other neighborhood projects or aspirations.

INFORM, EDUCATE, AND MOTIVATE

Develop a clear message for the neighborhood group. Talking points and other tools are available on the Seattle Neighborhood Greenways website.

Know your audience and target the message to entice different groups.

Continue to identify and use a variety of outreach tools to engage with other potential users.

Websites, blogs and online media can be helpful but dont overlook the power of talking with people face-to-face. Set up a booth at the farmers market or simply talk to you neighbor.

Identify opportunity for additional branding and campaigns that inform, educate and motivate residents to get out and start envisioning the fantastic possibilities of potential routes.

43 000 2 300

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There are many opportunities for community members to show support and help create Seattles Neighborhood Greenways. Below is a list of possible ways to be involved.

A Residents Guide for Working with the City


ORGANIZE

Build a network of involved citizens who want to be involved in the process of Neighborhood Greenways.

Encourage group leaders to arise who will be able to either communicate with officials, fundraise, educate the community or facilitate route selection activities.

Seek out other neighborhood groups, local community groups, schools, business associations, local health leaders, and anyone else who might like to be involved in the process.

Visit the Seattle Neighborhood Greenways website, neighborhoodgreenwayssea.wordpress.com, to connect with other neighborhoods Facebook, Twitter and Google Groups accounts.

IDENTIFY DESTINATIONS AND POSSIBLE ROUTES

Think practically. Begin evaluating streets that have a low motorized traffic speed and, ideally, less than 1,000 cars a day.

Identify streets that are already preferred for walking and biking by observing or counting the pedestrians, bicycles, and cars in the area.

Invite all types of users to help map all destinations in the area - parks and spaces, schools, shops, transit hubs, markets, sport facilities, libraries, child care, etc. Expand the scope to include destinations and bicycle routes in adjacent neighborhoods.

Identify potential barriers along each route and specific intersections that will need special considerations.

Analyze the existing conditions of the possible routes using the Quality Criteria.


CAPTURE MOMENTUM AND INVITE PEOPLE TO THE STREET

Seattle residential streets can be closed up to once every month. Start programming and planning new events on the streets.

Publish virtual and portable maps of the new routes to be constructed in the neighborhood.

Familiarize people with the routes by re-routing Sunday rides, Safe Routes to Schools, and other safe events onto the Neighborhood Greenway.

Organize other programs, such as a neighborhood speed watch, to further enhance the experience and achieve the Quality Criteria.

Consider offering incentives to users seen on a Neighborhood Greenway and thank them for using hand signals while biking or to drivers politely sharing the road with non-motorized users.


Measure the results regularly by gathering data. Continue to count pedestrian and bicycle usage, as well as staying activities along the Neighborhood Greenways.

Regularly inform others about results using campaigns, media, or innovative methods, such as a public cycling counter, to encourage even more users.

Interview users to identify additional needs and problems in the network.

Share photographs of your street to get others excited.

Recognize that improvements might need to be made. Document potential improvements using the Quality Criteria and compare to data gathered in Step 4.

S


EXPLORE FUNDING AND COLLABORATIVE ALLIANCES

New opportunities emerge once routes are decided. Consider who might directly benefit and reach out to them.

Think creatively. A variety of private funding sources could be used to supplement available funding for construction or even used to hire a design consultant to explore innovative traffic calming solutions.

Apply for Seattle Neighborhood Matching Funds and other city programs that can be used to fund workshops and planning initiatives.

Invite potential partners on a bike ride or walk to show them problem areas and opportunities.

PRIORITIZE PROJECTS

Determine the route, or routes, that can link the greatest amount of people.

Minimize the cost of implementation. Prioritize improvements that are low cost but have the highest impact.

Consider both long and short-term solutions.

Ensure that every resident is informed about a potential along their street.

Think how each project might strengthen local characteristics and identity.

Consider how to integrate wayfinding, traffic control and calming, modal separation, green stormwater infrastructure, and invitations.

SEATTLE NEIGHBORHOOD GREENWAYS

more information available at:

neighborhoodgreenwayssea.wordpress.com

Printed on recycled paper

NeighborhoodGreeways_Report_FINAL_print_high.pdf

seattle toolkit 2012: seattle neighborhood greenways

Documents

city of seattle

years seattle

neighborhood greenway

vision neighborhood

green futures research

uw green futures lab

seattles neighborhoods

safe streets