Second Arab Water Week“New Prospects and Challenges for the Water Sector in the Arab

Region”27-31 January 2013

Amman-Jordan

Second Arab Water Week“New Prospects and Challenges for the Water Sector in the Arab

Region”27-31 January 2013

Amman-Jordan

Susan KilaniWHO/CEHA

WSP Framework Overview in the Context of the MDG Outcomes

WSP Framework Overview in the Context of the MDG Outcomes

Food insecurity

Climate Change, Water Scarcity and Linkages to the MDGs

Climate Change, Water Scarcity and Linkages to the MDGs

Cities run dry: insufficient water for hygiene and health protection

Compromised water quality

Reduced food production

Wastewater used for food production

Water scarcity

Waterborne diseases

Foodborne diseases

Malnutrition

MDG 7

MDG 7

MDG 4

MDG 1,4,5

MDG 1

MDG 1

MDG 4

MDG 1,7

The Joint ProgrammeThe Joint Programme

Four UN agencies have developed a Joint Programme to support the United Nations Country Team’s (UNCT) efforts to achieve the UNDAF outcome of healthy and sustainable environment.

The ultimate goal of the Programme is to protect human health against water scarcity induced by climate change.

Outcome 1: Sustained access to improved water supply sources despite increased water scarcity induced by climate change

Outcome 2: Strengthened adaptive capacity for health protection and food security to climate change under water scarcity conditions.

Joint Programme OutcomesJoint Programme Outcomes

Join Program Outputs of Outcome # 1

Join Program Outputs of Outcome # 1

• Output 1.1: National Drinking Water Quality Management System at Central and Periphery level is Strengthened.

• Output 1.2: Sustainable and Reliable Supply of Minimum Water Requirements for Health Protection is Provided to All Citizens.

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Roads to “Vision”

WSP “Demo

Already exists in Wadi ElSeir

Establish WG on WSP within Standards Committee

Output 1.1.1: Upgrade the

national drinking water quality

(DWQ) system for comprehensive

national coverage

Review and assess current national DWQ systems, conduct stakeholders consultation for feedback, revise DWQM based on preventive management and WSP, develop legislation tools

Introduce the revised DWQ management system

Development of Further WSPs

Output 1.1.2: Develop and implement 5

demonstration water safety plans

Select the 5 demonstration sites for the implementation of the WSPs (3 urban & 2 rural)

Undertake monitoring of the implementation of the WSP at different sites (steering committee)

Development of Guidance

Materials in Arabic

Manuals in place

Training and Awareness

programs for Suppliers and Surveillance

Bodies

Output 1.1.3: Design and

implement training programme on

DWQ management systems for all levels based on

WSP Undertake training

needs assessment for the introduction of the new DWQMS, develop and plan the training program, and training modules

Conduct training of trainers programs and launch training program

Output 1.1.2: Train the owners of

the five water systems on the on the implementation of the water safety plans

“All water supply systems in Jordan have a WSP in Place”

Development and Implementation of the Regulatory Framework/Requirements

Phase of Review by National Stakeholders

7 years

5 years

4 years

0-3 years

Output 1.1:National Drinking Water Quality Management System at Central and Periphery Level is Strengthened

Output 1.1:National Drinking Water Quality Management System at Central and Periphery Level is Strengthened

Upgrade the national drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) for comprehensive national coverage.

Design and implement training programme on DWQMS for all levels.

Develop and implement (5) demonstration water safety plans (3 urban & 2 rural).

Strengthen the surveillance role of the MoH within the water quality preventative management framework

WHO Guidelines on Drinking Water Quality

• Since 1958• 4th edition published in 2011• Strict focus on public health

protection• Based on best available evidence

in science and practice • Advisory in nature • International scientific point of

reference • Need for adaptation to national

priorities• Incremental improvement

2011

2004

1995

1984

Evolution of ApproachesEvolution of Approaches

Need for holistic and proactive approach: Move away from over-reliance on

end-product testing More emphasis on prevention More focus on input monitoring More focus on process control

WHO Framework for Safe Drinking Water

Framework for Safe Drinking WaterFramework for Safe Drinking Water

Health-based targets(National regulatory body)

Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

Water Safety Plan(Water utility)

Health-Based TargetsHealth-Based Targets

Targets based on public health protection and disease prevention

Quantitative benchmark for water suppliers

Different types for different situations and purposes: Water quality Specified technology Specified performance Health outcome

Health-based targets(National regulatory body)

Independent surveillance

(Surveillance agency)

Water Safety Plan

(Water utility)

Water Safety Plans (WSP)Water Safety Plans (WSP)

“The most effective means of consistently

ensuring the safety of a drinking-water

supply is through the use of a

comprehensive risk assessment and risk

management approach that encompasses

all steps in water supply from catchment to

consumer. In these Guidelines, such

approaches are called water safety plans.”

Health-based targets(National regulatory body)

Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

Water Safety Plan(Water utility)

Independent SurveillanceIndependent Surveillance

Systematic surveillance to verify the WSP is operating properly

Audit of WSP

Final check of end product quality

Health-based targets(National regulatory body)

Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

Water Safety Plan(Water utility)

WSP is a Piece of Thinking!WSP is a Piece of Thinking!

What are the risks to my supply system?

How do I fix them?

How do I know thatthe they are fixed?

How important are they?

Continuous cycle

Adequate and properly managed water supply systems from source to consumer

Water Safety Plan

System Assessment and

design

Management and Communication

Monitoring: Operational and

Verification

Supporting Tools EmergingSupporting Tools Emerging

System description

System management

Define operational monitoring and inspection plansHow to identify if something goes wrong?

Establish actions and management proceduresHow to respond if something goes wrong?

Verification

Establish procedures for auditingIs water safety planning adequate?

Define compliance monitoring procedures Are water quality targets met?

Improvement and upgrade

Identify additional or improved control measures and procedures

How to improve reliability and robustness?

Establish step-wiseimprovement and upgrade plan

What actions and investments are needed?

System assessment

Identify hazards and hazardous eventsWhat can go wrong?

Determine and validate existing control measuresAre controls suitable and effective?

Assess and prioritise risks to public healthHow important are they?

PLANNED & TRIGGERED

WSP REVIEW

Water Safety Plan StepsWater Safety Plan Steps

Map the supply system

Review adequacy of preventive

control measures

Prioritize & implementimprovements

Identify hazards &assess risks

Review WSP

WSP cycle

Semi-Quantitative Risk Matrices Semi-Quantitative Risk Matrices

Each identified hazardous event will receive a value

Comparison, ranking and prioritisation of risks

Events can be classified as “significant” and“non-significant” for management

Note: – Basis for a relative assessment of risks within one water supply– No comparisons amongst different water supplies

SeveritySeverity

Severity of consequences: Consequences for public health?Consequences for consumer satisfaction?Consequences for image of supplier?Financial economic consequences?

Need for combined analysis as basis for meaningful business decisions

POSSIBLEASSESSMENT

SCALES

Risk Factor MatrixRisk Factor Matrix

Dangers of Over-reliance’ on End-product TestingDangers of Over-reliance’ on End-product Testing

Classical ’faecal indicators’ have different sensitivity to disinfection and environmental conditions of viral or protozoan pathogens

Outbreaks reported in absence of faecal indicators

Limited early warning capability of microbial testing:water is distributed and drunk after test results are gained

Water volumes tested are rarely statistically representative

Limited capability to detect short term fluctuations

Confidence gap

TOO LITTLE TOO LATE

1. Upgrade the national drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) for comprehensive national coverage

1. Upgrade the national drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) for comprehensive national coverage

DWQMS and pertinent legislations assessment was completed through close consultation with the national stakeholders adhering to the Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach as recommended by the WHO.

Now the Drinking water operator and regulator recognize the importance WSP approach not only in the water quality compliance with the national standards but also to minimize water quality related incidents.

WSP establishes a collective sense of shared responsibility and involvement of all staff and is recognized as a way of day to day work and not an extra burden

2. Design and implement training programme on DWQMS for all levels

2. Design and implement training programme on DWQMS for all levels

A thorough training need assessment is completed for all levels dealing with the supply of safe drinking water in WAJ and MoH.

A package of training material was developed to be the base for a national TOT programme nationwide.

The design of the training activity synchronized along the process of WSP development proved to be effective and enhanced the capacity development and the utilization of collective knowledge of the concerned national counterparts.

3. Develop and implement (5) demonstration water safety plans (3 urban & 2 rural)

3. Develop and implement (5) demonstration water safety plans (3 urban & 2 rural)

The Ministry of Water & Irrigation/ Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) determined 5 demonstration sites operated by utilities and companies. The five utilities and companies collectively provide water supply services to 5.13 million (84%) of the Jordanian population.

A national steering committee was formed from the top management of WAJ and MOH to steer and support the project process and monitor progress.

Wadi Al Arab drinking water supply system

2011

Zai drinking water supply system 2011

Al Karamah Dam drinking water supply system

2011 Al lajoon drinking

water supply system 2011

The Aqaba drinking water supply system

2011

Capacity Building for the Core Team in the WSP Demonstration Sites

Capacity Building for the Core Team in the WSP Demonstration Sites

A core team of 50 was appointed of technical staff from the water suppliers and environmental health to develop the water safety plans in the demonstration sites.

Capacity building of the core team was completed. The core team members will be the trainers and knowledge radiators for the other staff concerned with water quality management in Jordan in the future envisaged scaling up.

WSP process in the 5 demonstration sites is completed and all deliverables submitted.

There are concrete steps taken in 3 out of 5 utilities that will ensure implementation, scaling up and institutionalisation. These utilities provide safe drinking water to 60% of Jordanian population.

Capacity Building from the Core Team to all Staff Dealing with Safe Water Supply

Capacity Building from the Core Team to all Staff Dealing with Safe Water Supply

4. Strengthen the Surveillance Role of the MoH within the WSP Framework

4. Strengthen the Surveillance Role of the MoH within the WSP Framework

Water Quality Surveillance Concept note is developed in close consultation with a national team of water quality experts appointed from GoJ to provide a guide to the health authorities.

The training of the environmental health staff in the kingdom is underway.

Critical laboratory equipment have been procured and installed in MOH water testing labs to secure adequate readiness in the for the surveillance function within the new water quality management system.

WSP Scaling up Requirements WSP Scaling up Requirements

Water Safety Plan

Initiate pilot projectsPractical experience built

Establish national steering groupCountry commitment to pursue WSP approach and initial vision

Evaluate WSP pilotsAssessment of feasibility, added value and lessons learnt

Organise multi stakeholder involvement and consultation processConsolidation of national vision and establishment of detailed strategy

Regulatory framework developed and implemented

Scale-up implementation and audit of WSP

Initial WSP sensitisation

Identify and empower institutions to act as

WSP "resource centres“

Train and build capacity among utility staff

Utility-utility partnerships

Develop tools

Build regulatory capacity

for WSP audits

Establish incentive programs

Build commitment from regulatory agencies

CREATE SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENT

Phases of Adoption of the WSP Approach by GoJPhases of Adoption of the WSP Approach by GoJ

• Phase 1 : Voluntary adoption strategy through on-going WSP promotion and advocacy initiatives spearheaded by the MoH, WAJ and particularly the “champions” from the demonstration projects. The goal of this phase is to sensitize all relevant stakeholders on the WSP methodology, the outcomes of the demonstration projects as well as the added value and expected achievements of the WSP approach.

• Phase 2: Establishment of regulatory requirements. Since a voluntary implementation strategy may not be picked-up by all water suppliers throughout Jordan, phase 1 should end in a “regulatory push” which makes WSP a legally binding requirement.

Institutionalization and Scaling Up in JordanInstitutionalization and Scaling Up in Jordan

National counterparts developed a WSP Policy Statement and approved the road map for scale-up and sustainability with main goals

to: Adopt the preventative drinking water quality management system

that relies on risk identification, assessment and management along the water supply chain in close collaboration with the concerned

stake holders. Incrementally scale up in the adoption of WSP framework in

accordance with the national priorities until all the water supply systems in the country are managed in accordance to the WSP

approach (vision).