Second Conference on

Recent Advances in Active Control of Sound and Vibration General Chairman: C. R. Fuller Technical Chairman: R. J. Silcox Program Editor: R. A. Burdisso

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Blacksburg, Virginia

28-30 April, 1993

Sponsored by:

NASA Langley Research Center Office of Naval Research U.S. Army Aerostructures Directorate

Contents

Preface xiii

FEEDFORWARD ALGORITHMS I

An Application of Filtered-X Techniques and Neural Networks to the Active Control of Non-Linear Systems 3 D. E. Brown, Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., NASA Langley

Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A. R. Cabell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic

Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, U.S.A. State Space Modeling of Tonal Adaptive Controllers 15 M. J. Burke, Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc., 1015 West Nursery Road,

Linthicum, MD 21090, U.S.A. On the Optimal Design of a Controller for the Active Reduction of Random Noise 26 N. J. Doelman, TNO Institute of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 155, 2600 AD Delft,

and Laboratory of Acoustics and Seismics, Faculty of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Comparison of Two On-Line Identification Algorithms for Active Noise Control 38 С Bao, P. Sas, H. Van Brüssel, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300B, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

INTERIOR NOISE

Investigation of Force Distributions for Interior Noise Control Using a Neural Network 55 R. H. Cabell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic

Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, U.S.A. H. С Lester, Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center,

Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A. Active Sound Reduction in an Aircraft by Means of Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators 70 G. Ambrosino, G. Celentano, Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica,

Universiti di Napoli, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy L Verde, C.I.R.A. (Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali), Via Maiorise,

81043 Capua (CE), Italy Numerical Simulations of a Coupled 3-D Structural Acoustics System 85 H. T. Banks, Ctr. for Research in Scientific Computation, N. Carolina State Univ.,

Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A. R. J. Silcox, R. С Smith, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A. On Increase of the Insertion Loss of a Double-Panel Partition by Active Noise Control 98 P. Sas, С Bao, J. Van de Peer, W. Desmet, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300B, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium F. Augusztinovicz, Institute for Transport Sciences, Than К. и. 3-7,

1112 Budapest, Hungary

MODELING AND SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

Active Behavior of an Elastic Bar Undergoing Phase Transformations 117 Q. Jiang, Department of Engineering Mechanics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln,

Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A.

v

VI Contents

A Piecewise Continuous Timoshenko Beam Model for the Dynamic Analysis of Tapered Beam-Like Structures 128 J. Y. Shen, E. G. Abu-Saba, W. M. McGinley, L. Sharpe, Jr.,

Center for Aerospace Research, School of Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, U.S.A.

L. W. Taylor, Jr., Control & Guidance Division, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, U.S.A.

"Smart" Foams for Active Absorption of Sound 139 J. S. Bolton, E. R. Green, 7077 Ray W. Herrick Laboratory, Purdue University,

West Lafayette, IN 47907-1077, U.S.A. Estimation of the Dynamic Behaviour of Complex Structures by Neural Networks 150 L. Lecce, F. Marulo, Aircraft Design Institute, Engineering Faculty,

University of Naples "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy A, Concilio, F. S. Del Gatto, C.I.R.A., Italian Aerospace Research Center,

Via Maiorise, 81043 Capua (CE), Italy M. Savastano, A. Sorrentino, I.R.S.I.P., Parallel Information System Research Institute,

CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80128 Napoli, Italy M. Napolitano, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A. A Model of Organizational Interdependence: Intercommunication between Artificial Neural Nets and Its Relation to Control Systems 163 W. F. Lawless, Paine College, 1235 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30901-3182, U.S.A.

ACTUATORS AND SENSORS

Shaped Vibration Sensors for Feedforward Control of Structural Radiation 177 S. D. Snyder, С. Н. Hansen, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

University of Adelaide, GPO Box 498, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia N. Tanaka, Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, MITI, 1-2 Namiki,

Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305, Japan Power Consumption of Piezoelectric Actuators in Underwater Active Structural Acoustic Control 189 S. C. Stein, C. Liang, С A. Rogers, Center for Intelligent Material Systems

and Structures (CIMSS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0261, U.S.A.

Asymmetric Piezoelectric Actuation and Sensing of a Beam 204 F Charette, G. Plantier, С. Guigou, A. Berry, G.A.U.S., Universite de Sherbrooke,

Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada Equivalent Forces and Wavenumber Spectra of Shaped Piezoelectric Actuators 216 S. J. Kim, V. R. Sonti, J. D. Jones, 7077 Ray W. Herrick Laboratories,

School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A.

Active Vibration Control Using Magnetostrictive Intra-Structural Actuators 228 W. Webbon, J. Sewell, D. Baker, L. Riddle, Martin Marietta Aero & Naval Systems,

103 Chesapeake Park Plaza, Baltimore, MD 21220, U.S.A. A Computer Implementation of the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Induced Strain Actuated Beams 240 M. K. Subramaniam, С Liang, C. A. Rogers, Center for Intelligent Material

Systems and Structures (CIMSS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0261, U.S.A.

APPLICATIONS I

Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Active Induction Noise Control 255 J. White, AC Rochester, Division of General Motors, Flint, Ml, U.S.A. W. Eversman, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla,

Rolla, MO, U.S.A. The Jitter Experiment Conceptual Vibration Control System Design and Evaluation 265 M. L. Drake, S. E. Olson, G. J. Frank, J. M. Aulds, University of Dayton

Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469-0112, U.S.A.

Contents Vll

Active Control of Hum from Large Power Transformers—The Real World 279 S. E. Craig, Technical Design Corp., P.O. Box 363, Manlius, NY 13104-0363, U.S.A. 0. L. Angevine, Angevine Acoustical Consultants, Inc., P.O. Box 725, East Aurora,

NY 14052-0725, U.S.A. Active Cancellation of Diesel Engine Vibration Using Multichannel Hydraulic Adaptive Control System 291 A. Roure, R. Bouc, A. Deliniere, A. Livadaris, P. Lucet,

Laboratoire de Mecanique et d'Acoustique du CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France

FEEDBACK ALGORITHMS

Hybrid Control Using Fuzzy Set Theory 303 R. Subramaniam, A. Reinhorn, S. Nagarajaiah, State University of New York

at Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260, U.S.A. A Frequency Domain Method for Assigning Variances for the Covariance Control of Linear Dynamical Systems 315 W. D. Robinson, Sverdrup Technology, Inc., MSFC Group, 620 Discovery Dr.,

Huntsville, AL 35806, U.S.A. Maximum Entropy Controller Synthesis for Colocated and Noncolocated Systems 327 J. H. Friedman, D. S. Bernstein, Department of Aerospace Engineering,

The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109, U.S.A. An Evaluation of Feedback, Adaptive Feedforward and Hybrid Controller Designs for Active Structural Control of a Lightly-Damped Structure 339 W. R. Saunders, H. H. Robertshaw, R. A. Burdisso, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A.

Comparison of Various Digital LQ-MIMO Control Laws 355 D. G. Cole, H. H. Robertshaw, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, U.S.A.

STRUCTURALLY RADIATED SOUND I

Active Structural Acoustic Control of Sound Transmission through a Panel with Vibration and Acoustic Sensors 369 G. P. Mathur, B. N. Tran, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, 3855 Lakewood Blvd.,

MC 36-60, Long Beach, CA 90846, U.S.A. Active Control of Structurally Radiated Sound from an Enclosed Finite Cylinder 380 R. L. Clark, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,

Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0300, U.S.A. С R. Fuller, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute

and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A. Robust Control of Sound Transmission Reduction in Plate by Using Piezoelectric Ceramics 403 Y. Mitani, S. Akishita, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Ritsumeikan University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603, Japan A Theoretical Analysis of Active Control of Sound Transmission through an Elastic Plate Backed by a Rectangular Cavity 415 S. Koshigoe, A. Gordon, J. T. Gillis, E. T. Falangas, The Aerospace Corporation,

2350 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA 90245-4691, U.S.A. DUCT ACOUSTICS

Tight-Coupled Type Active Attenuator: Equivalent Circuit Analysis and Its Applications 429 M. Taki, Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan

University, 1-1, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-03, Japan Active Noise Cancellation in Ducts in the Presence of Higher Order Modes 441 S. D. Goodman, K. G. Burlage, Digisonix, Inc., 8401 Murphy Drive, Middleton,

Wl 53562, U.S.A.

Vlll Contents

Feedforward Noise Attenuation in a Short Duct 449 D. G. Smith, D. R Mendat, G. P. Eatwell, Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc.,

1015 West Nursery Road, Suite 101, Linthicum, MD 21090, U.S.A.

ACTIVE ISOLATION AND ABSORBERS

Analytical Comparison of Active versus Passive Aircraft Engine Suspensions 459 N. Vahdati, J. A. Pike, Lord Corporation, 1635 W. 12th Street, Erie, PA 16514, U.S.A. Performance Analysis of Active Mounts for Structural Vibration Reduction 471 M. Ahmadian, L. Miller, S. Southward, M. Roemer, Aerospace Products Division,

Lord Corporation, 1635 W. 12th St., P.O. Box 10039, Erie, PA 16514, U.S.A. Active Control for Vibration Isolation Despite Resonant Structural Dynamics: A Trade Study of Sensors, Actuators and Configurations 482 G. H. Blackwood, MIT Space Engineering Research Center,

Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. A. H. von Flotow, MIDE Technology Corporation, 1750 Country Club Road,

Hood River, OR 97031, U.S.A. An Adaptive Autoparametric Vibration Absorber 495 M. R Cartmell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Swansea,

Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K. Control of an Adaptable Dynamic Absorber for Transient Vibration Suppression 506 K. W. Wang, J. S. Lai, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.

FEEDFORWARD ALGORITHMS II

Electronic Design Considerations for Active Noise and Vibration Control Systems 519 S. D. Goodman, Digisonix, Inc., 8401 Murphy Drive, Middleton, Wl 53562, U.S.A. A General Purpose Multichannel Adaptive System for Active Control of Sound and Vibrations 527 G. Mangiante, A. Roure, Laboratoire de Mecanique et d'Acoustique, 31 Chemin

Joseph Aiguier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France

A New Adaptive Filter with Orthogonal Second-Order Sections for Active Noise Control 535 J. Thi, A. Claus, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Arlington, VA 22202, U.S.A. Enhanced LMS Control Algorithm 543 R. C. N. Leung, Defense Research Agency, Haslar, Gosport, Hampshire, P012 2AG, U.K. The Generalized Multichannel Filtered-X Algorithm 550 D. C. Swanson, The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University,

P.O. Box 30, State College, PA 16804, U.S.A. Frequency-Domain Implementation of the Filtered-X Algorithm with On-Line System Identification 562 K. M. Reichard, D. C. Swanson, The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania

State University, P.O. Box 30, University Park, PA 16804, U.S.A. Frequency Domain Adaptive Control Algorithm for Electronic Muffler Applications 574 Kh. Eghtesadi, E. Ziegler, Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc.,

1015 West Nursery Road, Linthicum, MD 21046, U.S.A.

FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION

Active Control for Aerodynamic Vibrations of Tall-Structures through Boundary-Layer Control Method 589 Y. Kubo, H. Yasuda, C. Kotsubo, Department of Civil Engineering,

Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804, Japan Reconstruction and Active Control of Coherent Unstable Flow on a Two Dimensional Wing 600 S. Nakashima, K. Otsuta, Central Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Electric Corp.,

1-1, Tsukaguchi-Honmachi 8-chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661, Japan S. Akishita, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University,

Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-77, Japan

Contents IX

Control of Vortical Flows-Part I: Excited Jets 612 С Ding, U. Vandsburger, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic

Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, U.S.A. Boundary Layer Excitation by Periodic Heating of a Thin Ribbon 624 B. A. Haven, Department of Aeronautics, United States

Air Force Academy, CO 80840, U.S.A. M. E. Franke, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, U.S.A. Numerical Studies of Active Control of Boundary-Layer Transition 636 R Hackenberg, О. R. Tutty, R A. Nelson, The University of Southampton,

Southampton S09 5NH, England The Automatic Control of Boundary Layer Transition via a Double Suction Panel 648 J.-L. Rioual, P. A. Nelson, M. J. Fisher, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research,

Southampton University, Southampton S09 5NH, England Stabilization of the Nonlinear Vibration of an Elastic Panel by Boundary Control 660 R-L. Chow, Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University,

Detroit, Ml 48202, U.S.A. L. Maestrello, Acoustic Division, NASA Langley Research Center,

Hampton, VA 23665, U.S.A.

FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES

Active Control of a Vibrating Antenna Structure 671 C.-S. Chou, C.-C. Chou, Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University,

Taipei 10764, Taiwan, R.O.C. Smart Modal Sensors and Actuators for Aeroservoelastic Applications 681 F. Nitzsche, Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V. (DLR),

Institute for Aeroelasticity Bunsenstraiie 10, W-3400 Göttingen, Germany Simultaneously Optimal Active and Passive Control Design for a Slewing Piezoelectric and Viscoelastic Laminate Beam 693 T. E. Alberts, H. Xia, J. V. Harrell, Department of Mechanical Engineering

and Mechanics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0247, U.S.A. Trajectory and Vibration Control of a Three-Link Flexible Robot Using Inverse Joint Controller and Optimal Multiple Stabilizers 705 S. Jupudi, Rasna Corporation, 2590 N. First Street, Suite 200, San Jose, CA 95131, U.S.A. S. N. Singh, M. B. Trabia, University of Nevada, 4505 Maryland Parkway,

Las Vegas, NV 89154, U.S.A. Control System Design for a Smart Slewing Frame 717 D. J. Leo, D. J. Inman, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics,

Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, U.S.A. Active Control of Nonlinear Oscillations in a Flexible Rod Slider Crank Mechanism 729 S.-W. Lee, D. G. Beale, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 202 Ross Hall,

Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A.

FEEDFORWARD ALGORITHMS III

Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output, Multiple-Error Adaptive Feedforward Control Using the Filtered-X Normalized LMS Algorithm 743 S. С Douglas, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Utah,

2272 Merrill Engineering Building, Salt Lake City UT 84112, U.S.A. J. A. OIkin, Acoustics and Radar Technology Laboratory, Systems Technology Division,

SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A. Frequency-Domain Adaptive Algorithms for Multi-Channel Active Sound Control 755 Q. Shen, Active Noise and Vibration Technologies, 3811 E. Wier Avenue,

Phoenix, AZ 85040, U.S.A. A. Spanias, Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University,

Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, U.S.A. Multiple-Channel Error Path Modelling with the Inter-Channel Decoupling Algorithm 767 S. M. Kuo, J. Luan, Department of Electrical Engineering, Northern Illinois University,

Dekalb, IL 60115, U.S.A.

X Contents

A Switching Element Adaptive Control Algorithm for Nonlinear Systems 778 S. P. Rubenstein, Digisonix, Inc., RO. Box 600, Stoughton, Wl 53589, U.S.A. M. С Allie, Digisonix, Inc., 8401 Murphy Drive, Middleton, Wl 53562, U.S.A. Pole-Position Sensitivity of Adaptive Recursive Filters 790 С W. Brokish, Advanced Development Group, Digisonix, Inc., 8401 Murphy Drive,

Middleton, Wl 53562-2543, U.S.A. R. A. Greiner, Electroacoustics Laboratory, Department of Elec. & Computer Engineering,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl 53706, U.S.A. Fast Adaption Algorithms in Active Noise Control 802 S. J. Flockton, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, England

APPLICATIONS II

Parameter Studies of Active Control of Road Noise in Automobiles 813 С M. Heatwole, X. Dian, R. J. Bernhard, Ray W. Herrick Labs,

School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1077, U.S.A.

Development of an Active Noise Control System for Ducted Fans (without Acoustic Feedback) 825 D. L. Sutliff, R. T. Nagel, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,

Box 7910, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, U.S.A. Active Control of Engine Exhaust Noise Using Motional Feedback Loudspeaker 837 T. Usagawa, H. Furukawa, Y. Nishimura, M. Ebata, Department of Electrical

Engineering and Computer Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860, Japan

Active Control of Radiated Inlet Noise from Turbofan Engines 848 R. A. Burdisso, R. H. Thomas, С R. Fuller, W. F. O'Brien, Vibration and

Acoustics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, U.S.A.

VIBRATION CONTROL

Nonlinear Panel Flutter Suppression with Piezoelectric Actuation 863 Z. Lai, D. Y. Xue, J.-K. Huang, С Mei, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A. Satellite Mass Damper 875 I. Nishimura, T. Kobori, M. Sakamoto, N. Koshika, K. Sasaki, S. Ohrui,

Kobori Research Complex, Карта Corporation, Kl Building, 5-6-30, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107, Japan

Feedback Techniques for Minimizing Bearing Loads in Rotating Machinery 885 J. H. Kim, W. W. Clark, R. D. Marangoni, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A. Active Control of Harmonic Vibration in Beams with Arbitrary End Conditions 897 С. Н. Hansen, A. J. Young, X. Pan, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

University of Adelaide, GPO Box 498, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia Active Control of Flexural and Extensional Power Flow in Beams Using Real Time Wave Vector Sensors 909 G. P. Gibbs, С R. Fuller, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A. R. J. Silcox, M.S. 463, Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center,

Hampton, VA 23665, U.S.A.

STRUCTURALLY RADIATED SOUND II

Active Wavenumber Control of Acoustic Radiation from a Plate 929 S. Sommerfeldt, The Applied Research Laboratory and Graduate Program in Acoustics,

The Applied Science Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.

Contents XI

Optimization of Control Force Input Positions to Reduce Radiated Noise of Vibrating Structures 941 M. A. Hamdi, S. Dedieu, R R. Wagstaff, University of Compiegne, BP 649,

60206 Compiegne, France C. Chassaignon, Acovib SARL, Centre de Transfert, 66 av. de Landshut,

60200 Compiegne, France G. Ley rat, Straco SA, 20 rue du Fonds-Pernants, Zac de Mercieres 3,

60471 Compiegne Cedex, France J. Vipperman, Acoustics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, U.S.A.

SOUND FIELD MODIFICATION

Cancellation of Radiated Sound Fields by the Use of Multiple Secondary Sources T. A. Beauvilain, J. S. Bolton, Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University,

West Lafayette, IN 47907-1077, U.S.A. Musical Interference Suppression and On-Line Modeling Techniques for Multi-Channel Active Noise Control Systems B. M. Finn, Digisonix Inc., 8401 Murphy Drive, Middleton, Wl 53562, U.S.A. S. M. Kuo, Northern Illinois University, Department of Electrical Engineering,

Dekalb, IL 60115, U.S.A. Multi-Channel Digital Signal Processing in Sound Field Reproduction F. Orduna-Bustamante, P. A. Nelson, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research,

The University, Southampton, S09 5NH, England H. Hamada, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering,

Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 101, Japan Reconstructing a Plane Wave over a Continuous Area Using Monopole Sources .. O. Kirkeby, R A. Nelson, Institute of Sound & Vibration Research,

Southampton University, Southampton S09 5NH, England

Author Index

969

981

993

1005