secondary metabolites
TRANSCRIPT
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Secondary metabolitesB.C. MuthubharathiIII B.Sc., Biotechnology
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Introduction
Have no function in growth Produced by restricted group of microorganisms Unusual chemical structures Derived by unique biosynthetic pathway from primary metabolites
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Profits
Floral scent volatile and pigments attracts insect pollination enhance fertilization
Synthesis toxic chemicals Suppress the growth of neighboring plants
Prevent spoilage of fruits Act as a signal of presence of potential rewards for animals Cellular function Unique to particular plant ( resistant to salt and
drought) Play a role in reinforcement of tissues and tree bodies Protection against insect and disease
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Characteristics
Secondary metabolism Formed in specific organism or group of organisms Enzymes catalyze specific metabolic reaction 20000 – 60000 genes in plant genome 15% - 25% for secondary metabolites
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Classes
Polyketanoids and fatty acids Terpenoids and steroids Phenyl propenoids Alkaloids
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Polyketanoids – Linear combination of acetate units Fatty acids – long chain monocarboxylic acids Leaf waxes and seed coating
Terpenes5 carbon unitsMonoterpenes, sequiterpenes, tripterpenes
Phenolic compoundsWood and barkDerived from phenyl propanoid structures
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Numbers of C Basic skeleton Names
6 C6 Benzoquinones
10 C6-C4 Naphthoquinones
14 C6-C2-C6 Stilbenes
15 C6-C3-C6 Flavonoids
17 C6-C3-C2-C6 Norlignans
18 (C6-C3)2 Lignans
n (C6-C3-C6)n Condensed tannins
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Alkaloids
Basic compound Nitrogen based heterocyclic ring Types
Monocyclic Bicyclic Polycyclic
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Uses
Myrcene – Oil of bay leaf Perfume
Geranoil – Oil of roses, lemon grass
Menthol - Oil of peppermint
Lignan - Antiviral, antitumor, biocidal, bioactive agents
Morphine – Painkiller
Vinblastin – Treatment of cancer
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