Section 1

Depression = WorldThe world, especially Europe was devastatedPeople were looking for stabilitySomeone to pull them out of despair

All hail HitlerHe was incredible speakerHeld grand spectaclesPut the blame on something else or someone

else

Totalitarian GovernmentExert total control over a nationDominate every aspect of lifeUse terror to suppress individual rights Silence all opposition

FascismHitler and Mussolini use this philosophy Emphasized the importance of the nation or

ethnic group

Stalin and the Soviet UnionHad a five year plan to spread communismModernize agricultureBuild industry

His economic planIf people did not listen to them he would

starve themWanted to industrialize Introduce the world to a new leader

Stalin’s reign of terror1934 he arrested all people who opposed himEveryone was found guilty

Purges- removing political figures and undesirables

Millions were executed or put in jail

MussoliniItalian dictatorSoldier in WW IFelt the Treaty of Versailles was unfairCreated the fascists party with his Black

shirtsSuspended free elections outlawed all political partiesLook at as a miracle workerTook Ethopia

NazismA form of fascismShaped by HitlerSupported nationalism and racial superiority

Hook ActivityWhy do individuals often go along with the actions of the

“crowd,” even when they are not comfortable doing so?From what you know and what we learned, what factors in

Germany contributed to this mass support for Hitler?Could a leader like Hitler hold such appeal and power

today?Do we see any elements of blame in this recent election?Can we gain message of the importance of acceptance and

standing up for yourself or someone else? BE READY TO ANSWER!!!!!!!!!!!!This counts for class

grade and current events!

Hitler goes to the pokeyHim and a few of his followers tried to

overtake the governmentCalled the Beer Hall PutschIt was easily put down Thrown in jailWrote Mein Kampf, My Struggle

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VuFrJibv9U

Quotes of Hitler…Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do

not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf

The [Nazi party] should not become a constable of public opinion, but must dominate it. It must not become a servant of the masses, but their master!Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf

Sooner will a camel pass through a needle's eye than a great man be 'discovered' by an election.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf

Up The Ladder he GoesIn charge of the Nazi PartyLargest party in the ReichstagPresident Hindenburg made him ChancellorHitler’s Brown shirts start to suspend

freedomWhen Hindenburg dies he becomes President

as wellCalled Der Fuhrer

SecretsGoes against the Treaty of Versailles and

builds up the militaryUnemployed workers get jobsMake the AutobahnBolstered national prideTold people they need more lebensraum, or

living spacehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTAj60Ed

PZ8

Shineland, RhinelandRegion in Western GermanyTreaty banned military forcesUsed in WW I as a baseRemilitarized illegally

Map

Why appeaseMany felt that Germany had been mistreated

by the Treaty of VersaillesWW I was still fresh in their head and they

did not want another confrontationLet Hitler have just one tiny piece of land

Map

Axis PowersThroughout WW II these powers will consist

of Germany, Japan and Italy

Let us start the moped……..Hitler wanted Austria to unite again and they

refusedHitler will take the country under his controlPromises that would be itFew months later Hitler will take the Sudetenland

which is part of CzechGreat Britain and others stood by and watchedAppeasement- giving into a competitors demands

to avoid confrontationBAD IDEA FOR HITLERMAP

World War II

European Theater

Prelude & November 1942-May 1945

WW II resources in documentsart

Spanish Civil WarIn Spain many political parties were fighting

for powerThere was a rebellion against the Democratic

government led by Francisco Franco and their group became known as the nationalists

So the war was between the nationalists and the republicans

Who helped?They both needed foreign aidGermany and Italy will aid the nationalists by

giving tanks and planes. Hitler will bomb a small town

The Soviet Union will help the republicans

Churchill and the SudetenlandHe felt that Britain made a terrible mistake

by appeasing HitlerFelt he had no intentions of stopping

Moped times…..Hitler does not stop at the SudetenlandA few months later Hitler will occupy the

western part of CzechItaly will continue invading and take Albania

and western Greece

Just not PolandGreat Britain and France appeased Hitler but

warned to stay away from PolandHitler did not listen and didn’t believe that

they would get involvedThey will

Hitler versus StalinHitler and Stalin were not friendsIn fact sworn enemiesRealized that they had similar interests and

could help each otherThey signed a 10 year non-aggression pactYou leave me alone and I will leave you alone

MmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmGermany became an effective fighting machineUsed a blitzkrieg, or lightening war which

included fast, concentrated air and land attacksGermany utilized the stuka, which was a dive-

bomb airplaneIt would terrorize people and then tanks and

auxiliary would come inUsing these methods it took Hitler 1 month to

take Poland

France’s main source of fire powerFrance used the Maginot LineIt faced the border of GermanyIt housed all the troops, and their heavy

artillery faced the border

Problem???It only protected part of FranceLeaving them open through BelgiumAll heavy guns were pointed east towards

Germany which created a problem if they came in through the back

Phony WarAmerica was getting dribs and drabs of

informationThere was a lull after Germany took PolandLack of fighting

The mopedHitler will successfully take:

Denmark and NorwayLaunches a blitzkrieg on the Netherlands (5

days) and Belgium (3 weeks)Takes Luxembourg (1 day)French and British will rush to the aid of

Belgium but too late

The Battle of DunkirkThe Germans cornered the French They assembled a private fleet of steam

ships, passenger liners, fishing boats etc.Saved 340,000 soldiers by carrying them

across the English Channel

France FallsHitler swept through France and took Paris

in a few daysSoldiers surrender and Hitler personally did

a victory visit to the Eiffel Tower

The Battle of BritainGreat Britain lay 20 miles away on the English

ChannelHowever, Britain had a great NavyGermany launched a massive air attack in which

they went against the rules of warThey bombed civilians and any target they could

findGB would retaliate and bomb BerlinRAF Royal Air Force was greatly out-numberedVery courageous and responsible for killing 100’s

of Germans

Let’s talk about JapanThroughout the years Japan’s military will

expandBy the eve of WW I Japan is the strongest

nationJapan supported the allies during WW I

Crisis in JapanDuring and after the Great Depression

Japan’s economy was rockedTheir industry was based on selling their

goods to foreign countriesOther nation’s increased tariffs on Japanese

goods to protect their business

Oh oh a crisis, ya knowoooThe economic crisis lead to massive lay-offs,

strikes and widespread political descentPeople blamed the problems on democracy

and this led to nationalists Radicals assassinated business and political

leaders

Manchurian IncidentJapan’s population exploded in the 1900’sBy 1930 the population neared 65 million and

grew about 1 million a yearJapan lacked natural resourcesThey saw acquisition of Manchuria as a

solutionA Japanese army stationed in Manchuria

faked an attackBlamed it on the Chinese and gave them the

authority to seize it

Puppet StateManchuria became an independent country

under the control of a powerful neighbor, Japan

Japan grows strongerThe acquisition of Manchuria and the

assassination of the Prime Minister allowed Japan to grow stronger

War in China- Japanese brutally attacked the Chinese

They brutally killed over 100,000 civilians including women and children

Rape of Nanjing

Who helped the ChineseUnited States and other nations condemned

the JapaneseUS passed a series of Neutrality Acts so they

could remain uninvolvedThe Soviet Union backed China with arms,

military advisors and warplanesGreat Britain would later send a steady

stream of supplies as well

Burma Road700 mile highway linking Burma to China

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- Japan needed the resources from regions to continue the war with China

Japan stated that they would spread liberty throughout Asia and Europe if they got on board

Tripartite Pact- is was an argument that aligned Japan and Germany and Italy

The United States chooses NeutralityDuring the 1930’s the United States turned

their back on foreign problemsFocused their energies on trying to get the

economy back on trackEven as Germany and Italy threatened to

shatter world peace, the US held out on their policy of isolationism

Let’s help just a littleFew people in the US agreed with fascism

and Nazism and sympathized with the victimsHowever, anything short of a direct attack on

the US would keep the US out of warTo prove their neutrality they passed

Neutrality Acts:1. 1935, banned the US from providing

military weapons to nations at war2. 1936, banned loans to nations at war

We take cash only!3. 1937, nicknamed “cash and carry”,

permitted trade of nonmilitary goods to fighting nations only if they came to pick it up and used cash

These acts prevented the US from aiding nations who were trying to defend themselves from the aggressors

Later it was looked at as actually encouraging aggression

Moped time againBy the end of 1938 Germany had been on

fire, Italy took Ethiopia and Japan took China

Our isolationist views changed by our improving economy and the increase of aggression by Japan and Germany (Poland)

FDR will ask the Congress to revise the Neutrality Acts by allowing us to sell weapons to Great Britain and France

France fallsWhen France fell the United States became

more concerned for the safety of Great Britain

They will begin lending moreIn fact they will provide 50 destroyers

Many don’t agreeSome Americans felt this involvement was too

drasticSome formed the American First Committee-

which pushed to block any further aid to Great Britain

In the heat of it all there was an election in 1940Wendell Willkie ran against FDR and told the

American people he would drag us into warFDR won the election for his third term

FDR wants moreFDR will push for more helpPrime Minister Churchill will beg the US for

more help stating they are bankrupt and could not pay for goods

Lend Lease- was passed in 1941 and it will later extend to the Soviet Union

New plan to give Britain goods to borrow!By the end of the war the US will Lend $49

billion to 40 nations

Oh no Japan…..Japanese were our of control in AsiaWhen they took Indonesia the US froze all

financial assets of Japan and cut off oil shipments

We knew the Japanese desperately needed raw materials and thought this would stop them

Caused Japan to look in other areas and expand more

In the coming months the US tried to avoid war with Japan

Negotiations, final days of peaceThe US and Japan were heavily involved in

negotiations and it looked promisingMilitary officer General Tojo Hideki took over

power in Japan and disliked the USUS broke a Japanese code and knew aircraft

carriers were on the move in the PacificThey expected an attack but did not know

where

The Attack6 aircraft carriers and more than 20 other

ships headed to OahuThe intention was that they would cripple the

US and we would not be to attack them and they would continue expanding

On Dec. 7th at 7A.M. a radar noticed a large blimp on the screen

The officer on duty said that it was American pilots

They were wrongHalf the Pacific fleet was anchored in a three

mile areaBy 9:45 the attack was over2,400 planes Americans were killed1,200 were wounded200 planes were damaged18 warships sunk29 Japanese planes lost

The Day that will live in infamyThe next day on December 8th the US will

declare war on JapanOn Dec. 11th, Germany and Italy will declare

war on the USOur contributions will once again win the war