CHAPTER 14:CITIZENSHIP AND JUSTICE

Section 1, Nation of Immigrants

Aliens

A person who lives in a country and is not a citizen of that country

An Immigrant is someone who comes to a country and plans on living there permanently

Types of Aliens Resident aliens – person from another country

that has gained citizenship this includes immigrants

Non-resident alien – person living in a country for a specified amount of time exchange students, journalists, ect…

Enemy alien – citizen of a nation at war with the U.S.

Refugees – people fleeing to escape persecution

Illegal aliens – someone in a country without a legal permit Passport, visa, entry permit

Rights of Aliens

Bill of rights apply to aliens as well as citizens

Allowed to own property, attend schools, own a business, use public facilities

Required to pay taxes, follow all laws Exempt from jury duty, selective

service Not given the right to: vote or travel

freely throughout the country

Immigration Policy

Controlled by Congress Very few restrictions before 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act – banned Chinese

laborers from entering the country Also banned convicts and the mentally

handicapped First time an ethnic group was banned

Immigration act of 1924 – limited the number of immigrants allowed in the country to 165,000/year 80% decrease from the WWI era

Immigration Reform Act of 1965 Got rid of national origin quota Set up 2 categories of immigrants by

hemisphere1. Western – 120,0002. Rest of World – 170,000

Made preference categories Last in: refugees from communist

countries or refugees fleeing natural disasters

What can you do for your country?

Recent Reforms Immigration Reform and Control Act of

19861. Gave a way for immigrants to gain

permanent citizenship and Amnesty to illegal aliens

2. May apply for citizenship after 5 years3. Banned employers from hiring illegals4. Applicants must show documentation

Immigration Act of 1990 Designed to allow skilled workers in, keep

uneducated laborers out Allowed refugees from wars, relatives of US

citizens, and those allowed in by private laws