section 1 the ancient history of free software - polito

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Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE

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Page 1: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

Section 1

THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE

Page 2: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

Hack, hack, what are you doing?Just hacking!

Page 3: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

Coffee-p ortea-p?

true!

Page 4: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

SUIT

Page 5: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

SNAFUsituation normal, all fu.....

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1985

Gnu is Not UnixGnu is Not Unix

Page 7: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

THE REVOLUTIONARY IDEOLOGY OF RICHARD STALLMAN

FREE SOFTWARE is aquestion of freedom not of price

Copyright is a violation of the right of knowledge of citizens anddiscourages collaboration among citizens

Not free software is harmfulto education

Competition on the market producesunuseful duplication of resources

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Public domain

Copyleft

Freeware

Proprietary software

Is there acopycenter-left?

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1991

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Internet, that is,miracolous network

“ Simon Pietro dragged to the beach the net full of 153 big fishes.They were so many, but the net did not tear…..”

(dal Vangelo secondo Giovanni)

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In the year ...

19571957

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The birth of ARPA(harp)

Advanced Research Project Ag.

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The objective of ARPA(according to military commanders)

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The intergalactic network of science according to James Killian

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ARPANET

19691969

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Circuit switching

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Starting station

ArrivalStation

Packet switching

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INTERNET is similar to a big railway

STAZIONE 1

STAZIONE 2

STAZIONE 3

IP

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INTERNET Engineering Task Force

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The rules of IETF

Everything “free”:

Participation

principles

ideascode

All we need isrough consensus and running code

Fly before buyFly before buy

Page 21: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

RFCrequest for comments

Write them in the toilet,Write them in the toilet,but write them exact and clearbut write them exact and clear

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The dilemma of the teacher

Write many bits!

And then give them free?

Page 23: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

“This is a question of freedom not of money”

“FREE as in free speech not as in free beer”

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New models of businesshandbooks

newprograms

consultancies

Red Hat Walnut Creek S.u.S.E.Active State Send Mail Cygnus Solutions

Scryptics c2Net BSDI

Sometimes my masterseemsa teacher ofBocconi University

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Krugle and the mountain of free software

100.000.000 pages

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Section 2

FREE SOFTWARE IN ITALY

Page 27: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

2002 LUCIO STANCA CONSTITUTES THE FIRST

COMMITTEE ON OSS

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Grazie !!

LUCIO STANCA

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Grazie !!Anna Maria Guerrini

Giorgio Ausiello Giuseppe Attardi

Sergio Baldelli Maurizio Italo Balla

Carlo Batini Francesco Grasso

Giancarlo Galardi Alfonso Fuggetta

Luigi Ierna Adelmo Lodi Rizzini

Ciro Maddaloni Flavia Marzano

Alessandro Musumeci Vittorio Pagani

Ugo Simonetti Giovanna Sissa

Italo Volpe i 1000 auditi

gli amici del MIT e Atos Origin S.p.A.

Page 30: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

Il TCO

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SECURITY AND ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE

Today a little cat in a dog pound

is more safe than proprietary software

Today a little cat in a dog pound

is more safe than proprietary software

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Security through obscurity (STO)is as bad with computer systems

as it is with womenPRINCIPLE OF KERCHOFF (1883)

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VALUE FOR MONEY,THAT IS,

FORBIDDEN TO FORBID

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Custom software belongs to P. A.

Can we receive some drops of custom milk ?

Little dogs from Canigattí

Little dogs from Canigattí

Little cats from Canigattí

Little cats from Canigattí

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Inspection of proprietary software

Let me verify whether there is a backdoor…

WNTWNT

NSANSA

Page 36: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

Tremonti e Veltroni must speak in XML

Bau, bau, bauin XML

Brr… Brr…in XML MFMF PCPC

CMCM

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Archives for dinosaurs, wolves and deers

In XML

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Stanca’s repositories

ARCHITECTUREAND SOFTWARE

LOW COSTDTD’S

XML - SCHEMATA

Stanca will give also bonesto good dogs ?

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Procurement for PA’s

CONSIPCONSIPEVERYTHING

FOR PA’S

PENCILS OSS

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COMPETENCE CENTERS

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SCHOOLS

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RESEARCH

If Moratti and Stanca saw a bone of chicken, Tremonti will find a

a skeleton ofdinosaur

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Art.68 del decreto legge 82/05noto come “Codice dell'Amministrazione Digitale”

“1. Le pubbliche amministrazioni .....acquisiscono ....programmi informatici a seguito di una valutazione comparativa di tipo tecnico ed economico tra le seguenti soluzioni disponibili sul mercato:

.....

\d)\ acquisizione di programmi informatici a codice sorgente aperto;

......

2. Le pubbliche amministrazioni nella predisposizione o nella acquisizione dei programmi informatici adottano soluzioni informatiche che assicurano l'interoperabilità e la cooperazione a applicativa ....e che consentono la rappresentazione dei dati e documenti in più formati, di cui almeno uno di tipo aperto.”

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Competitive tenders of Italian P.A.’s

Questa amministrazione intende acquisire una serie di biciclette della Scrooge Corp., modello Paperon III, alle condizioni previste dall'Accordo Quadro sottoscritto da CNIPA con la Societa` Scrooge Corp.......La Societa` Scrooge Corp. ha indicato i prezzi unitari di riferimento che portano acomplessivi 4.5 milioni di euro.......Possono partecipare alla gara esclusivamente i “Rivenditori” autorizzatida Scrooge Corp.

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3G$

1$

ITALIAN TRADE BALANCE OF SOFTWARE

Page 46: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

If you do not own Internet explorer, fuori

dalle

error

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Utilizzo di OSS nella P.A.L.

Centro Italia

Comuni 26,1 50,8 42,3 31,9 34,4

Comunità Montane 33,1 54,5 42,7 24,8 35,6

Province 82,6 85 81 71,1 78,4

Regioni e Pr. Autonome 100 100 100 100 100

26,8 51,6 43,3 32,3 35,2

tipologie di amministrazioni locali

Nord-ovest

Nord-est

Mezzogiorno

Amministrazioni locali

Page 48: Section 1 THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE - PoliTO

Utilizzo di OSS nella P.A.L.

DBMS

Comuni 53,8 30 49,2 29 43,9 22,3 39,6

49,9 26,7 47,1 35,5 48,5 22,5 36,7

Province 86,2 20 55 77,5 61,2 67,5 50

100 36,4 59,1 95,5 54,5 63,6 50

54,8 29,6 49,3 31,1 44,6 23,8 39,9

tipologie di PAL

sistema operativo su

server

sistema operativo su Pc desktop

office automation

Web server

posta elettronica

software di sicurezza

Comunità Montane

Regioni e Pr. Autonome

Totale PAL

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Nicolais’ committee

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OCCORRE:

1. sostenere la diffusione dell'OS all'interno della PA 2. elaborare linee guida normative supporti tecnici gruppi di eccellenza3. tutelare i responsabili dei sistemi informativi4. potenziare le community OS5. creare sinergie con Mussi e Bersani6. aggiornare eventualmente la precedente direttiva Stanca e il codice dell'amministrazione digitale

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From the ashes of Bassanini, Cortiana, Magnolfi, Stanca...emerges

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The importance of WRITING

Autore: Livio FaniaLicenza: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5

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JULY 2012 ITALIAN PARLIAMENT

LAW 134/2012: FREE SOFTWARE MUST BE USED IN P.A. BY DEFAULT

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DECEMBER 2012: LAW 221/2012

1. CONSIDER TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP2. INTEROPERABILITY: OPEN STANDARDS BUT NOT ONLY3. SECURITY, SECURITY, LEVELS OF SERVICE