section 1: the science of rockets how were rockets developed? how does a rocket work? what is the...
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Section 1:The Science of Rockets
How were rockets developed?How does a rocket work?What is the main advantage of a multistage rocket?
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History of Rockets
• Rocket technology originated in China hundreds of years ago (the 1100’s) and gradually spread to other parts of the world.
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Development of Modern Rockets
• Modern rockets were first developed in the early 1900’s and made major advances in WWII. The military used them to carry explosives.
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How Do Rockets Work?• A rocket moves forward when gases
shooting out the back of the rocket push it in the opposite direction.
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• Thrust- the amount of reaction force that propels a rocket forward.
• Velocity-speed in a given direction
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Velocity
• Orbital velocity- the velocity a rocket must achieve in order to establish and orbit around Earth
• Escape velocity-the velocity a rocket must reach to fly beyond a planet’s gravitational pull
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Types of Rocket Fuel
• Solid-dry explosive material mixed with O2• Liquid-liquid form and more easily controlled• Ionic-weaker and don’t burn fuel. They expel
ion at high speeds
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Rocket Altitude• A rocket’s altitude is
how high it is above the ground. Use the graph to answer the following questions about how a model rocket’s altitude changes over time.
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Rocket Altitude
– Altitude and time, meters and seconds
• Reading Graphs:
– What two variables are being graphed? In what unit is each measured?
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Rocket Altitude
– About 65 meters; about 128 meters
• Reading Graphs:
– What was the rocket’s altitude after 2 seconds? After 4 seconds?
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Rocket Altitude
– 6 seconds
• Reading Graphs:
– At what time did the rocket reach its greatest altitude?
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Rocket Altitude
– The rocket’s inertia caused it to continue to rise after its fuel ran out. Eventually friction caused the rocket to slow down and gravity caused it to fall
• Inferring:
– Why do you think the rocket continued to rise after it ran out of fuel?
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A Multistage Rocket
• A typical multistage rocket has three stages. Each of the first two stages burns all of its fuel and then drops off. The next stage then takes over.
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Saturn V
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End of Section:The Science of Rockets