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SECTION 10 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS (SN1, SN2) AND

ELIMINATION REACTIONS (E1, E2)

10-1 -- Overview of Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

SN2 Reaction

SN1 Reaction

E2 Reaction

E1 Reaction

10-1 -- The SN2 Reaction

Bimolecular, Nucleophilic, Substitution

Stereochemistry

Back-side Displacement and Inversion of Absolute Configuration

Effect of Alkyl Halide Structure (1°, 2°, 3°)

Branching at the Beta-Carbon ( -Carbon)

Nucleophilicity and its Dependence on the Solvent

Steric Bulk Considerations

Leaving Groups (l.g s)

The Tosylate Leaving Group (-OTs, or p-toluenesulfonate)

Intramolecular SN2 Reactions

10-9 -- The E2 Reaction

Bimolecular Elimination; Beta-Elimination ( -Elimination)

Stereochemistry

C-H and C-X = Periplanar

Syn-Periplanar vs. Anti-Periplanar

Regiochemistry Concerns

Multiple -H s

Zaitsev s Rule

Small Bases vs. Large Bulky Bases

Cyclic Systems (Rings) and the E2 Reaction

The E2 Reaction and Cyclohexane Chair Conformations

10-14 -- Competition Between SN2 and E2 Reactions

3° Halides, 2° Halides, and 1° Halides

10-15 -- E2 Elimination of Vinyl Halides

Converting Alkenes to Alkynes

10-16 -- SN1 and E1 Reactions

Unimolecular (First-Order)

Ionization of the Alkyl Halide (R-X)

The Rate-Determining Step ( Rate-Limiting Step )

Solvolysis

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Ionization Step in Detail

Best Leaving Groups

Formation of Allylic and Benzylic Carbocations

Alkyl Substitution and Carbocation Stability

Solvent Effects on the SN1 / E1 Ionization Step

Polar or Non-Polar Solvents?

The Dielectric Constant ( )

Product Determining Step(s)

Carbocations

SN1 Stereochemistry

E1 Regiochemistry and Zaitsev s Rule

10-21 -- SN2 vs. E2 vs. SN1/E1

When are SN2 and E2 Favored?

Is There a Good Leaving Group (l.g)?

Is There a Good Nucleophile Present?

When are SN1 and E1 Favored?

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SECTION 10 – SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS (SN2, SN1) AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS (E2, E1)

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