section 2 the cranial nerves ( 脑神经 )

Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 1

Section 2Section 2 The Cranial Nerves The Cranial Nerves(( 脑神经脑神经 ))

I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经 )II. Optic n. ( 视神经 )III. Oculomotor n. ( 动眼神经 )IV. Trochlear n. ( 滑车神经 )V. Trigeminal n. ( 三叉神经 )VI. Abducent n. ( 展神经 )VII. Facial n. ( 面神经 )


The Cranial NervesThe Cranial Nerves

一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽，十是迷走十一副，再加舌下十二全。

VIII. Vestibulocochlear n.

( 前庭蜗神经 ) ( 位听神经 )

IX. Glossopharyngeal n.

( 舌咽神经 )

X. Vagus n. ( 迷走神经 )

XI. Accessory n. ( 副神经 )

XII. Hypoglossal n. ( 舌下神经 )

Oh. oh. oh. to touch and feel very green vegetables—AH!


IntroductionIntroductionA. Classification of the Cranial

Nerves 1. Sensory nerves ( 感觉神经 ): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves ( 运动神经 ): III, IV, VI, XI, XII.

3. Mixed nerves ( 混合神经 ): V, VII, IX, X.


IntroductionIntroductionB. Components of the Cranial Nerves

1. Sensory (afferent) fibers

[ 感觉 ( 传入 ) 纤维 ]

1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) ( 一般躯体感觉纤维 ):

skin nerve endings ( 皮肤神经末稍 ) muscle spindles ( 肌梭 )


IntroductionIntroduction 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) ( 特殊躯体感觉纤维 ): visual ( 视 ), hearing ( 听 ),

balance organs ( 平衡 )


IntroductionIntroduction 3) general visceral sensory fiber (G

VA) ( 一般内脏感觉纤维 ):

all viscera ( 全部内脏 )

4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) ( 特殊内脏感觉纤维 ):

olfactory ( 嗅器 ) and taste ( 味器 )


IntroductionIntroduction2. Motor (efferent) fibers

[ 运动 ( 传出）纤维 ]

1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) ( 一般躯体运动纤维 ):

muscles of the eye and tongue ( 眼外肌和舌肌 )


IntroductionIntroduction 2) general visceral motor fiber (GV

E) ( 一般内脏运动纤维 ): smooth mm. ( 平滑肌 ), cardiac mm. ( 心肌 ),

glands ( 腺体 )


IntroductionIntroduction 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) ( 特

殊内脏运动 ):

skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch ( 源与鳃弓的骨骼肌 )

I 鳃弓咀嚼肌 II 鳃弓面肌 III-VII 鳃弓咽喉肌, 胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌


I. The Olfactory Nerve ( 嗅神经 )SVA

olfactory bulb

( 嗅球 )

olfactory filaments (I)( 嗅丝 )

cribriform foramina

olfactory cells

( 嗅细胞 )within the olfactory

epithelium of nasal cavity( 在鼻腔内嗅区上皮 )

[anosmia 嗅觉丧失 ] [hyposmia 嗅觉减退 ]


II. The Optic Nerve ( 视神经 ) SSA

rod cells( 视杆细胞 )cone cells( 视锥细胞 )

ganglioniccells

( 节细胞 )II

optic chiasm

a( 视交叉

)optic canal( 视神经管 )

photoreceptor cells( 感光细胞 )

[total blindness 全盲 ]

bipolar cells

( 双极细胞 )


Ⅲ. The Oculomotor Nerve ( 动眼神经 ) GSE, GVE

midbrain（中脑）脚间窝

III superior branch( 上支 )

superior rectus levator palpebrae

superioris( 上直肌 , 上睑提肌 )

inferior rectus medial rectus

inferior oblique( 下直肌 , 内直肌 , 下斜肌 )superior orbital

fissure ( 眶上裂 )

III inferior branch( 下支 )

[strabismus 斜视 ] [ 损伤 : 眼睑下垂 , 瞳孔扩大 , 眼球转向外下 , 复视 ]

sphincter pupil, ciliary m.( 瞳孔括约肌 ,睫状肌 )


Ⅲ. The Oculomotor Nerve ( 动眼神经 ) GSE, GVE


Ⅳ. The Trochlear Nerve ( 滑车神经 ) GSE

midbrain( 中脑 )背侧

IVsuperior oblique

（上斜肌）

sup. orbital fissure( 眶上裂 )


Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve ( 三叉神经 ) GSA, SVE

V maxillary n

( 上颌神经 )

ophthalmic n( 眼神经 )

mandibular nerve ( 下颌 n)

pons( 脑桥 )

lacrim. n( 泪腺 )

frontal ( 额 ) n

nasociliary( 鼻睫 ) n

眶上神经lacrimal gland( 泪腺 )

鼻背 ,腔 ,筛窦 ,眼球

Vganglion( 三叉神经节 )

额皮

infraorbital( 眶下 ) n

sup. alveolar( 上牙槽 ) n auriculotemporal n

buccal ( 颊 ) nlingual ( 舌 ) n

inf. alveolar n

眼口间皮肤

上牙 , 牙龈颞部皮肤

颊部皮肤 , 粘膜舌前 2/3 一般感觉Taste. 舌前 2/3 味觉

mental 颏 n 下唇皮肤lower teeth 下牙 , 牙龈

masticat. brs( 咀嚼肌支 ) mastic.mm. 咀嚼肌

[trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛 ]

[trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭 ]

鼓索

下颌舌骨肌 N

Zygomatic n.( 颧神经 ) 颧部皮肤

滑车上神经

VII



V1

V2

V3


Ⅵ. The Abducent Nerve ( 展神经 ) GSE

pons（脑桥） VI

lateral rectus（外直肌）

[strabismus 斜视 ] [diplopia (double vision) 复视 ]

sup. orbital fissure( 眶上裂 )


CN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb I olfactory filaments (I) o

lfactory cellsCN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma II ganglionic cells bipolar c

ells rod & cone cellsCN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE) superior br. superior rectus, levator pal

pebrae superioris inferior br. inf. rectus, medial rectus, & i

nferior obliqueCN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain IV superior obliqueCN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) Ⅴganglion 1. ophthalmic n. (V1) lacrimal n. lacrimal gland frontal n. supraorbital n. fronta

l skin supratrochlear n. fron

tal skin nasociliary n. nose, eyeball, & eth

moidal sinus

Summary of CN I - VI


2. maxillary n. (V2) infraorbital n. skin between eye and mouth zygomatic n. zygomatic skin pterygopalatine n. nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil superior alveolar n. superior teeth 3 mandibular n. (V3) auriculotemporal n. temporal skin buccal n. buccal skin and mucosa lingual n. anterior 2/3 part of tongue inferior alveolar n. mental n. mental skin inferior teeth, gingiva submandibular ganglion mylohyoid and digastric mm. masticatory branches masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons VI lateral rectus

Summary of CN I - VI


VII. The Facial Nerve ( 面神经 )SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE

pons( 脑桥 )延髓沟

geniculate ganglion

( 膝神经节 )VII

VII

stapedius( 镫骨肌 ) taste of

anterior 2/3 of tongue

( 舌前味觉 )

facial mm.( 面肌 )

lingual n( 舌神经 )tympanic chord( 鼓索 )

stapedial n ( 镫骨肌神经 )

temporal branches ( 颞支 )zygomatic branches ( 颧支 )

buccal branches ( 颊支 )marginal mandibul. br( 下颌缘 )

cervical branch ( 颈支 )

V1 lacrimal n lacrimal glandnasal glands

palatine glands( 泪 , 鼻腔 , 腭腺 )

submandibular gland,

sublingual gland( 下颌下腺 , 舌下腺 )

[facial paralysis面神经瘫 ]

[facial spasm面痉挛 ]

pterygo-palatineganglion

greater petrosal n( 岩大神经 ) 腭 ,蝶腭 N

internal acoustic pore

stylomastoidforamen


VII. The Facial Nerve ( 面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE


Ⅷ. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve ( 前庭蜗神经 ) SSA

[nervous deafness

神经性耳聋]

brain stem

( 脑干 )延髓脑桥沟

vestibular n.( 前庭神经 )

cochlear n.( 蜗神经 )

vestibular ganglion

( 前庭神经节 )

spiral ganglion

( 螺旋神经节 )

头位置

听觉

maculae of saccule( 椭圆囊 )

maculae of utricle( 球囊 ) ampullary

crest( 壶腹嵴 )

spiral organs（螺旋器）

Int.acous. meatus & pore( 内耳道 , 内耳门 )


Ⅷ. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve ( 前庭蜗神经 ) SSA


Ⅸ. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ( 舌咽神经 )

SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA

IX

medulla oblongata( 延髓 )

sup. ganglion

inf. ganglion tympanic n( 鼓室 ) otic

gang parotid gland( 腮腺 )

carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & glomus

lingual br ( 舌支 ) post. 1/3 of tongue (taste

pharynx

stylopharyngeal br ( 茎突咽肌支 ) stylopharyn.( 茎突咽肌 )

tonsillar br.( 扁桃体支 )palatine tonsil( 腭扁桃体 )

post.auricular br( 耳后支 )

pharyngeal mm.pharyngeal branch( 咽支 )

post. auricul. skin( 耳后皮肤 )

& other sensory)

jugular foramen


Ⅸ. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve( 舌咽神经 ) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA


Ⅹ. The Vagus Nerve ( 迷走神经 ) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA

medulla oblongata

X

L

R

sup. ganglion

inf. ganglionsup.laryng.n( 喉上 N) phary.br.( 咽支 )

sup.cerv.card.br.( 颈上心支 )inf.cerv.card.br.( 颈下心支 )

rec.laryng. n.( 喉返 N)inf.laryng.n( 喉下 N)

bronc.br.( 支气管支 )esophag.br.( 食管支 )

ant.vagal tr.( 前干 )

post.vagal tr.( 后干 )

int.br.( 内支 ) laryn.mucosa( 喉粘膜 )cricothyroideus( 环甲肌 )

phary.mm( 咽肌 ) & mucosa( 粘膜 )cardiac plexus

( 心丛 )heart mm

( 心肌 )

laryng.mm 喉肌& mucosa( 粘膜 )esoph.br( 食管支 )

trac. br( 气管支 )食管腺 , 肌气管腺 , 肌& mucosa( 粘膜 )

& mucosa( 粘膜 )

hepat.br.( 肝支 )ant.gast.br( 胃前支 )post.gast.br( 胃后支 )

celiac br.( 腹腔支 )

hepat. plxgast. plxgast. plxceliac plx

肝腺 , 肌 senssenssenssens

胃腺 , 肌胃腺 , 肌肠腺 , 肌

pulmonary plxesoph. plx

支气管腺 , 肌食管腺 , 肌

& mucosa( 粘膜 )& mucosa( 粘膜 )

sense

耳支耳廓 , 硬脑膜 ext.br.( 外支 )

jugular foramen

C

T

A


Ⅹ. The Vagus Nerve ( 迷走神经 ) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA


XI. The Accessory Nerve ( 副神经 ) SVE

medullaoblongata( 脑干 )

spinal cord( 脊髓 )

cranial root ( 颅根 )

spinal root( 脊根 )XIsterno-cleido-mastoideus

( 胸锁乳突肌 ) trapezius( 斜方肌 )

pharyngeal mm.laryngeal mm( 咽喉肌 )

X

jugular foramen


XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve( 舌下神经 ) GSE

medulla oblongata

( 延髓 )

XIIlingual branches( 舌支 )

mm of tongue( 舌肌 )

descending br( 降支 )ansa cervicalis( 颈袢 ) infrahyoid mm

( 舌骨下肌群 )

hypo-glossal canal舌下神经管

cervical plexus ( 颈丛 )

[paralysis of tongue mm. 舌肌瘫痪 ]( 伸舌时舌歪向患侧 )


Summary of CN VII - XIICN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII geniculate ganglion deep petrosal n.

greater petrosal n. n. of pterygoid canal pterygopalatine ganglion lacrimal gland 1. stapedial nerve stapedius 2. tympanic chord lingual n. taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3. temporal branches frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4. zygomatic branches zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi 5. buccal branches buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6. marginal mandibular branch muscles of lower lip 7. cervical branch platysma 8. posterior auricular n. auricular muscles and occipitalis

CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1. vestibular n. vestibular ganglion maculae of saccule & utricle, ampullary crest 2. cochlear n. cochlear ganglion spiral organs


Summary of CN VII - XIICN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion │ inferior ganglion tympanic n. tympanic plexus lessor petrosal n 1. carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2. lingual branches posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3. pharyngeal branch pharyngeal mucous 4. stylopharyngeal branch stylopharyngeus 5. tonsillar branch palatine tonsil 6. posterior auricular branch posterior auricular skin

CN XI. The Accessory Nerve (SVE) medulla oblongata XI sternocleidomastoideus & trapezius

CN XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (GSE) medulla oblongata XII 1. lingual branches muscles of tongue 2. descending branch ansa cervicalis infrahyoid muscles


Summary of CN VII - XIICN X. The Vagus Nerve (GVE,SVE,GVA,GSA)superior ganglion │inferior ganglion 1. superior laryngeal n external br. cricothyroideus internal br. laryngeal mucosa 2. pharyngeal br. pharyngeal muscles & mucosa 3. superior cervical cardiac branch cardiac plexus heart 4. inferior cervical cardiac branch cardiac plexus heart 5. recurrent laryngeal n. tracheal & esophageal brs. esophageal plexus inferior laryngeal n. laryngeal muscles & mucosa 6. bronchial branch pulmonary plexus lung esophagus 7. esophageal branch esophageal plexus esophagus 8. L. ant. vagal trunk anterior gastric brs. gastric muscles & mucosa hepatic branch liver 9. R. post. vagal trunk celiac brs. celiac plexus abdominal organs posterior gastric branches gastric muscles & mucosa

section 2 the cranial nerves ( 脑神经 )

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