Section 3

ALCOS: 4.1Objectives

Understand how the United States military contributed to the Allied victory in the war

Describe the aims of the Fourteen Points Analyze the decisions made at the Paris Peace

Conference Explain why the United States Senate refused to ratify

the treaty ending World War I

The War at Home

War Industries Board Bernard M. Baruch Regulate businesses Industrial production

increases 20%Economy

Increase wages and food prices

War Labor Board Handle labor disputes

Food Administration Herbert Hoover Victory Gardens “Gospel of the clean

plate” Meatless Mondays

Flu Epidemic Fall 1918 Worldwide 500,000 Americans die

The War at Home

Selling the War

U.S. spends about $35.5 billion Raises money through taxes

Progressive income, war-profit, excise tax War Bonds

“Liberty Loan”, “Victory Loan”

PropagandaCommittee on Public Information

George Creel Former muckraker

Advertising, printing, art, speeches Popularize the war Censor letters from soldiers

Selling the War

Restrictions on Civil Liberties

Immigrants PersecutedEspionage Act (1917)

Targeted anyone “aiding the enemy” in the U.S. 20 years and $10,000 fine per act

Sedition Act (1917) Crime to write, publish, or promote anything against

the U.S.Socialists targetedSchneck v. U.S. (1919)

First Amendment is not unlimited “Clear and present danger”

Women in the War

Need for industrial workers Many men overseas fighting

Women fill these roles

Railroad workers, dockworkers, bricklayers, coal mining

Women’s Peace Party (1915) Jane Addams

Increase support of women’s suffrage

Women in the War

Opportunity in the North

Great Migration Southern blacks to cities in the North

Boll weevil Ruins many southern plantations

Lessened immigration More jobs available

11 am, 11/11/1918

Austria-Hungary surrenders Nov 3, 1918 German sailors mutiny

German soldiers mutinySocialists set up a republic in Berlin

Kaiser abdicatesGermany calls for an armistice

The eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, in the eleventh month of 1918

Allied: 22,062,427 (52.3%)

Central Powers: 15,404,477 (67.4%)

Great Britain (35.8%) Deaths: 903,371 Wounded: 2,090,212

France (73.3%) Deaths: 1,357,800 Wounded: 4,266,000

United States (7.1%) Deaths: 116,516 Wounded: 204,002

Russia (76.3%) Deaths: 1,700,000 Wounded: 4,950,000

Rest of Allies (27.65%) Deaths: 1,064,944 Wounded: 1,290,492

Germany (64.9%) Deaths: 1,773,700 Wounded: 4,216,058

Austria-Hungary (90%) Deaths: 1,200,000 Wounded: 3,620,000

Ottoman Empire (34.2%) Deaths: 325,000 Wounded: 400,000

Bulgaria (22.2%) Deaths: 87,500 Wounded: 152,390

Final Toll

Section 4

ALCOS: 4.2, 4.3, 4.4Objectives

Describe the problems America faced immediately after the war

Analyze how these problems contributed to the Red Scare

Understand how the war changed America’s role in world affairs

Versailles Peace Conference

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turks, and Russia not present Germany expected to be invited Russia already made peace with Germany

Big Four U.S. – Woodrow Wilson Great Britain – David Lloyd George France – Georges Clemenceau Italy – Victorio Orlando

Clemenceau and George want Germany brought down a notch

Council of Four

Treaty of Versailles

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Steps to prevent another war (1-5) No secret treaties Freedom of the seas Minimizing military

Boundary changes (6-13) “along historically established lines of nationality”

League of Nations (14)

Treaty fight in the U.S.

Republicans Were not part of peace talks Henry Cabot Lodge

Leads fight against the treaty Three Groups

The Opposed, the Irreconcilables, and the Reservationists

Wilson refuses to compromise Campaigns across the nation to support U.S. entry in

League of NationsUnited States does not ratify the Treaty of

Versailles Made peace with Germany in 1921

Treaty of Versailles

Germany receives no profit, territory War-Guilt Clause Pay reparations equaling $33 billion Banned from maintaining an army

New Independent states Poland Finland Czechoslovakia

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania createdFrance

Gets Alsace-LorraineLeague of Nations created

Treaty of Versailles Map

League of Nations

Forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without war

Central Powers not initially admitted Germany admitted 6 years later

U.S. does not join Wilson created it

Countries afraid to enforce rules against others

Not very strong

Postwar Problems in Europe

“The only way for evil to triumph, is for good people to do nothing”

Effects of the War for Neutral Countries

Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland Stable Economically secure compared to rest of Europe

Spain Civil War (1936)

Two Visions of Spain Francisco Franco

Dictator Favored by Hitler

Lenin favors the other side

Effects of the War for New Countries

Poland Ran by military

Spend to much on military

Finland Democratic

Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia Too many ethnic groups

Effects of the War for Central Powers

Germany Massive depression Hyperinflation Very bitter and humiliated Weimar Republic Hitler becomes President (1932)

Dawes Plan Germany can pay reparations through loans Extend time for payments

Balkans still unstable Hungary

Brief Communist takeover Becomes Fascist

Effects of the War for Allies

Italy in debt Gain little from war Benito Mussolini

Fascism takes over Invades Ethiopia (1935)

Great Britain “Age of Glory” over South Ireland gains Independence (1937)

France Recover better than most Political instability Struggles to keep Germany in check

Russia Communist