section 4: electron configurations. 1s orbital 2s orbital 2p orbitals 3s3s orbital nucleus electron...
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Section 4: Electron Configurations
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1sorbital
2sorbital
2porbitals
3sorbital
Nucleus
Electron energy levels have sublevels of different shapes
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3 principles Describe the electron configurationof any atom:•the aufbau principle•the Pauli exclusion principle•and Hund’s rule
Electron Configurations:location of e–’s in different orbitals
How do electrons fill these orbitals?
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Aufbau Principle
(building up), electrons fill the orbitals of lowest energy first.
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons that must have opposite spins; that is, the electron spins must be paired.
↑↓s
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Hund’s Rule
electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy with as many of the same spin as possible before opposite spin.
↑↑ ↑↓↓px py pz
↓
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Element # of electrons
Orbital notation Electron configuration
Lithium 3 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s1
Beryllium 4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s2
Boron 5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s22p1
Carbon 6 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s22p2
Nitrogen 7 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1s 2s 2p
1s22s22p3
Oxygen 8 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s22p4
Fluorine 9 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s22p5
Neon 10 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p
1s22s22p6
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2s21s2 3s23p32p6
Write the electron configuration for phosphorus (P):
nucleus
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Write the electron configuration for phosphorus (P):
nucleus
2s21s2 3s23p32p6
valence electrons:e–’s in the outer most (highest) energy level
How many valence e–’s in phosphorus (P)? 5
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nucleus
Write the electron configuration for Krypton (Kr):
2s21s2 2p6 3p63s2 4p64s2 3d10
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nucleus
Write the electron configuration for Krypton (Kr):
2s21s2 2p6 3p63s2 4p64s2 3d10
valence electrons:e–’s in the outer most (highest) energy level
How many valence e–’s in Krypton (Kr)? 8
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1. Identify the element that corresponds to the following electron configuration: 1s22s22p63s2
A. Ca
B. Ne
C. Na
D. Mg
Quick Quiz!
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Quick Quiz.
2. Write the electron configuration for the atom N.
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p3
C. 1s22s1p2
D. 1s22s22p1
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Quick Quiz.
3. What is the first (lowest-numbered) principal energy level in which p orbitals are found?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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• The period number tells you the energy level (remember, the d block is one energy level lower).
• The group # tells you the # of valence electrons.
• Group 1 elements have 1.
• Group 7A have 7.
Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
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Noble Gas Core Configuration
Na: 1s2 2s2 2p63s1
Ne: 1s2 2s2 2p6
Noble gas e- config for Na:
[Ne]3s1
Ne
Noble Gases are group 18
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4p12s21s2 2p6 3p63s2 4p14s23d10
OR 4s2[Ar] 3d10
Write the full electron configuration for Gallium (Ga), atomic number 31.
Ar
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Phosphorus (P):
Lewis dot diagrams
[Ne]3s2 3p3
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
# valence e–’s: ___
Group # : ___
5
5A
P
Lewis dot diagram:
• valence e–’s are shown as dots around the symbol of the element
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Lewis dot diagrams
Bromine (Br):
[Ar]4s2 3d10 4p5
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
# valence e–’s: ___
Group # : ___
7
7ALewis dot diagram: Br
• valence e–’s are shown as dots around the symbol of the element